2011.12(第2部分)阅读理解(1)(翻译版)
2011.12英语四级真题-附详解
2011.12英语四级真题-附详解2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?...Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss ofthe open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children playdifferently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done tothe children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contactwith the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, satunder a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed,ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarilya philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google'sbook-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search). But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分 阅读理解(1)(2011年12月网考)全翻译版 共31篇
有一年法国覆盖了黑色大雪，有一年日本下了灰色大雪。检验雪发现,雪混合了灰烬，这使它看起来发黑。红色的雪也已降临在其他国家，之所以这样是因为雪混合了红色尘土。
A：T B：F
KEY:ABBAB
Passage 2
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2011年高考英语全国Ⅱ阅读
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅱ卷)英语第二部分阅读理解（共25小题，第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分：满分45分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ASince 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.The walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. "When people ask me what our program is about," she says, "I answer them with one word: hope." Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community（社区）. When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been "Safe Streets," "Love and Care," and "Peace Walk."The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals."The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history" says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.41. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists.B. MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia.C. Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist.D. Hope, One Wall at a Time.42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?A. Helping the young find jobs.B. Protecting the neighborhood.C. Fighting against graffiti.D. Attracting more visitors.43. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A. By having discussions with people in the community.B. By seeking advice from the city government.C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.D. By studying the history of the city.44. Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A. Difficult.B. Dangerous.C. Experimental.D. Successful.BFor those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a high level of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image （反射出的影像）.Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying evry little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test.“We thought that elephants were the next important animal,” said Dinana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals‟ play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way."45. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains.B. Whether they have self-awareness.C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.46. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the study by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She found the hidden camera.CStudent Membership-----Cambridge Arts CinemaCambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. Now you too can make most48. Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?A. The Cambridge Film Festival.B. Meetings with filmmakers.C. The preview screening.D. Monthly premieres.49. If you're a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema, you will enjoy free .A. Darkroom Gallery showsB. mailed programmesC. special film eventsD. film shows50. How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last?A. Four months.B. Eight months.C. Nine months.D. One year.51. For what purpose is the text written?A. Offering students cheaper tickets.B. Announcing the opening of a premiere.C. Telling the public of the cinema's address.D. Increasing the cinema's membership.DThe way we do things round hereSome years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered th at in American English "quite" sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）.Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate （气候），while getting on with business.Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）. If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______.A. the American bank didn't think much of himB. the American bank might hire another personC. it's difficult to get used to American cultureD. it's easy to misunderstand Americans53. The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.A. encouragesB. helps to narrowC. increasesD. draws attention to54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?A. Ask the native people for help.B. Understand and accept them.C. Do things in our own way.D. Do in-depth research.55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.A. ItaliansB. GermansC. GreeksD. the BritishE"I didn't hear them call my name," explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. "Are you ready?" is what she heard. Then she said, "I shook my head no, and then they said …yes‟ and it was announced again."It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana----she was still on cloud nine."I was so shocked! I never believed that it could actually really happen." Present in the audience（观众）that day were: her mother and father, older brother, her friends, and her dance teacher.Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why herdance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete（比赛）. "She's always been my role model. I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her."One of those bad life's experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident. He was 18. She found writing helped her get through the rough days. She said, "I write a lot about my brother. I write a lot, a lot, a lot...”As Miss Louisiana Teen, she traveled around the state speaking to teens（青少年）about the dangers of drinking and driving. In her role as Miss Teen USA, Sheiley will continue to speak to youth about safe driving, in addition to many other things to help the youth.When AT asked Miss Teen USA if she had any advice for our readers, she said, "Don't let anyone change you. Hang out with people that make you feel good about yourself. That way, it is easy to be yourself."56. What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. frightenedB. troubledC. very happyD. very angry57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role medel mainly because she is .A. determinedB. friendlyC. strictD. experienced58. How many children did the Hennigs have according to the text?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.59. What did Shelley often do after she became Miss Louisiana Teen?A. She visited drunken drivers.B. She gave dance performance.C. She made speeches on safe driving.D. She helped other teens with their studies.60. What suggestion does Shelley give to the teens?A. Be yourself with the support of friends.B. Meet friends whenever possible.C. Go easy on yourself and others.D. Have a good role model.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2011年阅读理解真题语篇译文
2011年text1 外部董事的职责，P1.西蒙斯于2000年一月加入Goldman公司董事会，成为一名外部董事，一年后他成为布朗大学的校长。
此后几十年的时间里，她很明显扮演着两个角色，但并未引起多少责难。
但是在2009年底，西蒙斯女士却由于担任Goldman薪酬委员会委员受到抨击；他怎可能让角奖金得以发放又引起人们的注意呢？到第二年二月，西蒙斯便离开Goldman公司董事会，她说该职位占用了她太多的时间。
P2. 外部董事在企业董事会中扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色，由于他们在别处已经创造了自己的财富和声誉，所以他们很可能有足够的独立性否定总裁的建议。
如果公司经营状况不佳，股价下跌外部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。
俄亥俄大学的研究者们建立了一个数据库，该数据库囊括了1989年至200年间的一万多家公司和64000多位不同的董事。
后来他们又专门审核了哪些外部董事连任了两届，离开董事会最可能的原因是年龄，所以研究者们关注的焦点是那些不到70岁却很离奇消失的外部董事们。
他们发现在外部董事意外离开后，公司不得不重申盈利的可能性上升了20%。
在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被涉及的可能性也会增加，并且公司在股市的表现也会更糟。
大公司受到的影响往往会更大。
尽管外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测，但这并不意味着外部董事们总是在公司为难之时弃之不顾。
他们往往喜欢“做大生意”，离开风险更高的小公司转而投身规模更大更为稳定的大企业。
但是研究人员相信，如果外部董事在坏消息传出前就离开公司，他们会更轻易避免声誉受损，虽然历史记录显示，在公司出现问题时，外部董事仍在董事会，那些想在艰难时期挽留住外部董事的公司一定要采取激励措施，否则外部董事们就会步西蒙斯女士的后尘，再一次在校园里受到欢迎。
2011年Text2美国报业的重生，针对报业的衰亡究竟发生了些什么？一年前报业衰亡似乎就在眼前。
2011 12 四级阅读
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quic kly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the be st answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, c omplete the sentence with the information given in the passage.Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity ？The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards f or oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also liv ing up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's har d choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temp tation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We fe el disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important rela tionship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishon est or unfair? Thus integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making pro cess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We mus t learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules an d be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about pl agiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credi t or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to q uote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unint entional" does not excuse the misconduct, Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool t hemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get v ery elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’m just checkin g my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excus es, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can' t see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how yo u would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yore shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, i n the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The conse quences of getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a role or law, you lose control ove r your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no con trol over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a ris k, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away with it - Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn fr om the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without di shonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-respect and integrit y, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats ag ain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easi er." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disas ter. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.Cheating Hurts Other, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't real ly hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effe ct. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％ or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts othe rs' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and ot hers may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with tho se who do") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real rewardof goof teaching is seeing students learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not intere sted in what you're trying to teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, rega rdless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the uni versity and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MarteIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, bu y food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plan e, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishones ty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swind les, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such in cidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our societ y. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order t o build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but als o _______.（A）A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD) sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?（C）A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？（A）A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we don’t break any rules.D. so that we don’t run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?（B）A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? （A）A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other people’s advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.（C）A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _ ______.（A）A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is h ow to stealing a grade9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal.PartⅣ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are re quired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making y our choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by letter. Please mark the c orresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact th is increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this 47 will be the demand for energy, which is e xpected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48 . sustainable way is the c ornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major 49 of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and s olar, to name a few are 50 being funded and developed, and will play a growi ng 51 in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when 52 , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energ y needs by 2050.For example, even with 53 investments, such as the $93 million for wind ener gy development 54 in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important a lternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55 only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs wil l likely come from a lot of 56 both traditional and alternative.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
英语2011.09阅读理解(2)必考一篇(全中文翻译)
第二部分阅读理解(2)（2011年09月网考）全翻译版2011年版新大纲9套模拟题18篇阅读理解（必考一篇），出现在考试中阅读部分的第二篇，小抄或硬背，必须掌握，原题出现，答案位置不变，15分不可以丢失。
Passage 1The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 words)法国大革命于1789年爆发。
2011.09(第2部分)阅读理解(1)(翻译版)
第二部分阅读理解(1)（2011年09月网考）全翻译版以下正误判断题（百分百实考题）在考试中的阅读第一篇，相对来说难度较低，建议强记，可以看题背答案，确保阅读的30分不丢。
解题思路：正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。
一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。
比较直接，难度相对较小。
做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。
Passage 1Mr. Young ran his own business and worked very hard. His wife was afraid that he would get sick if he continued like that, so she often tried to get him to take a vacation. At last she managed to persuade him to do so, and she hoped that he would be able to enjoy his vacation without any disturbance, so before they left, Mrs. Young went to see her husband's secretary. She said to her, "My husband needs a vacation very much, so whatever happens, please don't bother him with telegrams and letters about business problems while we are away. Just wait till we get back."After Mr. and Mrs. Young had been away about a week, Mr. Young received a letter from his secretary which said, "Something terrible happened to your business, but I'm not going to bother you with it while you are enjoying your vacation."杨先生经营自己生意和工作很辛苦，他的妻子怕他这样继续下去会生病，所以她常常劝说他去度一次假。
2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2011年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 12009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥，这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。
大体上说，这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。
连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道，“很好哇！终于有结果啦！”然而，这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来说，知名度不大。
甚至连在《时代》周刊上支持对Gilbert任命的Tommasini都把他称作为“一位不张扬的音乐家，他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气”。
作为对至今一直由Mahler和Pierre这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述，上述说法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。
至于我，我不知道Gilbert是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的指挥家。
确实，他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。
而我就不必访问Avery Fisher Hall，或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。
我要做的一切就是去我的CD架处，或打开我的计算机并从iTunes下载更多的录制的音乐。
那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说，录音音乐无法替代实况表演，但他们说错了。
就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论，古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争，而且与20世纪的伟大古典音乐家的录音表演竞争。
这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到，而且常常在艺术质量上比当今的实况表演高得多；此外，听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受”这些音乐唱片。
而且到处都能买到，因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。
一个可能的应对办法是，古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐，而这种音乐还没有被录制成唱片，所以买不到。
Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到大家广泛的注意：古典音乐评论家Alex Ross认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织”。
2011.12(第1部分)交际英语(翻译版)
1．--Have a cup of tea, 2.-- ________? --He is not very well.。
3.—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? 4.—This box is too heavy for me tocarry upstairs. 5. -Could I ask you a rather personal question? Key: DCDBD6.—Oh, dear! I’ve just broken a window.7. —Sorry. I have taken your sports shoes bymistake.8. -That’s a beautiful dress you have on!9. -How do I get to the cinema?- ________10. -If you like I can mail this letter for you? Key: BCADA11. -Davidinjured his leg playing football yesterday. 12．-Must I be home before seven? 13. -Shall I drive you to the railway station?14.-I’m terribly sorry that I’ve spilledsome coffee on the carpet.15. -Hi, is Mary there, please?- ________Key: CADBA16. -It’s rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window? 17．-Whichsweater do you like better?18.-How clever your little son is! - ________. 19.-Medam,do all the buses go downtown?20.-Could I speak to Don Watkins,please?Key: BDCDC21.-Tomorrow is my birthday. 22.-Did you win the 100 metre race? 23.-You speak English very good.- ________. 24.-I was worried about mymaths, but Mr. Brown gave me an A. 25.-Thanks for your help. .K ey: CDCBA26.-Hello, I’m Harry Potter.27.—I’m sorry to trouble you. Can I borrow a pen,please?28. -I was born in Boston, but I studied in New York. ________?29.-Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?30.-When are yougoing to the show?Key: CBBDD31.--We need some toothpaste.32.--I’m sorry to trouble you.33.--Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again!34.--Excuse me,but can you tell me the way to the post office?35.--Could you help me with my physics, please?Key: BCBBDKey: DBDBA206 - Do you have any fresh fish today?207 Can I help you, sir? 208 -Could I borrow your car, please? 209 - What do you think of your new teacher? 210 Haven't seen you for ages. Let's havea get-together next week.Key: CBCDA211 Take these pills three times a day. Come back and see me in a week.—_Key: AMr. Young ran his own business and worked very hard. KEY：ABAAA A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home KEY：ABAAB People often say thatthe Englishman's home is his castle. They mean that the home is very KEY:ABAAA In 1920, barely out of his teens, Alfred Hitchcock went to work for an Americanfilm c KEY:ABBAA We are busy talking about and using the Internet，but how many of us know the KEY:ABAAB Three men traveling on a train began a conversationabout the world's greatest wonders.KEY:AAABB The workers who brought the girl to the orphanage (孤儿院) KEY:AABBAThe French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. CBDDD A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in arush-often under pressure.DBDACSixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leavingDCCDABritain and France are separatedby the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed inDDADCCommunity service is an important component of education here at our university.BCADBPaperis one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread useBAABCLaws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag,andABDCAIt has been reported that in colleges across the United States, theCCDCB．This train is going _______ the tunnel quickly. 2. This room ______ cool in summer and warm in winter. It's quite comfortable to live here. 3．John succeeded _______ what he wanted. 4. I forgot to return the book to you yesterday. So I ________today.．They sent the letter to me ________ mistake. KEY:BACBA6．We are disappointed to find that the quality of the products here _______ very poor.7．The twin brothers are only _______ in appearance. 8．If I don't ________ the phone home, ring me at work.．As a primary school teacher, one should be ______ with children. This is the first standard for being a good teacher. 10．"Town Hall is the tallest building in the city." KEY:CDDAB11．The construction of the new bridge has been ____ for two weeks because of the bad weather. 12．Who else, _______ Mary, took part in the English speech contest? 13．He has been ______ for nearly three weeks after the death of his dear pet. 14．I don't have much free time as my work _______ all my time. KEY:DAAC16．Jenny is learning Japanese. ______ her brother. 17．The rain was _______ make our picnic impossible. 18．The policeman needs to see _______ your ID card or your driver's license. 19. This is ________film I have ever seen.20．She has been working hard day and night during these years _______ she could pay for the lost necklace. KEY:ACCBA21．The new assembly line having been adopted, the factory produced ____ cars in 1999 as the year before. 22．That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ______. 23．She is not only my classmate ________ also my good friend. 24．All the evidence points to the fact ______ he is the murderer.? 25．I shall love my country _______. KEY:CDBCB26．It is a teacher's job to make sure that everyone of his students _______ confident in preparing himself for the future. 27．On my left _______ a wide river; on my right, a dark forest. 28．Uncle Sam sent him a _______ bicycle as a birthday present.29．Either the shirts or the sweater ______ a good buy.KEY:BBDA31．Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _______? 32．We saw him _______ the white building and go upstairs.33．Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ______ two weeks. 35．You needn't make such a funny noise, _______? KEY:DAAC36．That was a difficult question, but Mary still _______ to work it out. 37．Listen! Who ______ in the next room? The voice is so beautiful. 38．My friend helped me _______ my cat when I was on vacation with my wife. 39.I was satisfied with her explanation, ________.40．There ________ a book and some magazines on the desk. KEY:DDCBA You'd better ______in bed. It's bad for your eyes. B John nevercomes to school late ,_____ ? AFather made his son _______ by the door. D In order to _____ your goals, you must work hard. B Where is Mr. Green? ____the library . A With a good command of reading skills,most students can manage to read______as they could the year before. D Mary told me that she _______ to the supermarket before coming home. B Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built fifty years ago . KEY：CABED6.Mumu is a Chinese boy. But now he ___1___ in KEY：BADEC7.Water is veryimportant to living things. Without KEY：EABDC23.American people divide their days into several blocks of time, KEY：AEDCB24.This is my timetable. I study atNo.3 Middle School of Dongfang. KEY：BDEAC25.Strange things happen to time when you travel, KEY：BADCE26.Many people would agree that stress is a majorproblem in modern life. KEY：DABEC27.Traffic accidents killed more than 104,000 people in China last year. KEY：AECDB31.It seems quite clearly unjust to pay twopeople different amounts of money for KEY：BADECg Li’s（人名有可能变化,4月为：Tom’s）father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。
四级真题：2011年12月四级阅读理解解析
英语类考试频道为友整理⼤学英语四六级考试，供⼤家参考学习。
Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’” Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版第一部分：阅读理解第一篇题目：Will Robots Take Our Jobs?In Boston, there is a small restaurant called Spyce, which boasts (吹嘘) a unique feature: the entire kitchen is automated (自动化的). There are no chefs or cooks working in the kitchen, just seven robot cooks working efficiently to serve delicious meals to customers. This fully automated restaurant is a clear indication of the rise of robots in the workforce.The introduction of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, has raised concerns about job security. Many industries are facing the disruption caused by automation. The real question that arises is whether robots will take over our jobs and leave humans unemployed.Robotics and automation have successfully replaced manual labor in several industries. For example, self-checkout machines in supermarkets and automated assembly lines in factories are becoming increasingly common. These technologies streamline processes, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency.However, it is essential to note that while robots excel at tasks that require precision and repetition, they often strugglewith jobs that involve emotional intelligence and creativity. For instance, robots may be programmed to perform routine surgeries, but they cannot provide empathetic care to patients like healthcare professionals can. Similarly, while a robot can clean a room, it lacks the attention to detail that a human cleaner possesses.Furthermore, new technologies often create more jobs than they replace. The rise of robots may lead to the creation of entirely new industries and job roles. Software developers, AI engineers, and robotics technicians are examples of professions that have emerged as a result of automation. Additionally, as robots take over mundane tasks, humans can focus on more complex and creative work.In conclusion, while robots are undoubtedly changing the workforce and may replace some jobs, they are unlikely to completely eliminate human employment. The future lies in a partnership between humans and robots, where humans leverage their unique skills and abilities alongside automationto create a more productive and efficient society.解析：本文主要探讨了人工智能和机器人技术的引入对工作安全的影响。
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。
作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。
二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。
鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。
A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。
B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。
空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。
A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。
2010、2011、2012考研英语二翻译真题解析
2010考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period ofunsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-orientedvalues must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'dbeen through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on witha Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," saysNing, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales."I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of thenight and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.”原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainability has become s omething of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to himthat sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action andchoice.Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder,Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending atumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing）year in the late ’90s selling insurance. He’d been throug h the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of thehighway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the cor ner, give it some time.’”Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, butfelt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbledupon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. “I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says, “but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than hecould have ever imagined.At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annualconference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies couldgather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers —the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored theirinterest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect f or the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism —the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University andslipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics,buying local and the rest —though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university’s skiteam and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization,becoming its executive director in 2006. “When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organizationis expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the positionhe stumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really moreof a calling.”Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web s ite (), while compiling research on trends and opportunitiesfor businesses. He also travels the country promoting —and explaining —the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as “cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 millionconsumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS c onsumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise ofinterest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which iswhy LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Nin g. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connectingwith — and acting on — a set of shared, instrinsic values. “People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in theirbackyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsetsto negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.Ning emphasizes that there are many dif ferent ways of “living LOHAS.” Ultimately,it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good —now and for the long haul. “People are looking internally,” he says, “asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble every time.Laine Bergeson is an Experience Life senior editor.2011考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the samevolumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the。
2011考研英语阅读真题翻译
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。
然而，这次任命还是令人意外。
原因之一在于吉乐伯特名声相对较小。
就连那时主张雇用吉尔伯特的托姆西尼，也称吉尔伯特其貌不扬，缺乏一位令人敬仰的指挥大师的气质。
作为对这个很牛的管弦乐队（牛的表现：到目前为止一直被牛人领导着）下一任指挥家的描述，这种描述跟虚浮的赞扬一样，确实会令至少一部分泰晤士报的读者觉得愕然不解（让他们觉得不可思议）。
就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。
可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。
然而，我不需要访问Avery Fisher Hall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。
（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。
）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片上听不到的曲子。
吉尔伯特在新音乐方面投入了自己的兴趣，这已广被人知：如古典音乐评论家罗斯就把吉尔伯特描述成一个可以扭转交响乐方向的人，认为他把交响乐带进了一个明显不同的更有活力的天地。
但是，这种“不同”的实质是什么呢？仅仅扩展交响乐的节目是不够的。
吉尔伯特和交响乐要想取得成功，必须首先改变美国旧的管弦乐和它们想吸引的新的听众之间的关系。
对于唱片，那些专门参加音乐会的人会说，现场表演是不可替代的。
他们显然忽视了一个要点。
为了替音乐爱好者节省时间、精力、金钱考虑，古典乐曲表演表不仅要在各种表演场所进行竞争，还要在记录这些行为的媒介上竞争。
2011年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
2011年考研英语（一）阅读理解全文翻译及解析来源：文都教育Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。
2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析（Text1）
2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析（Text1）2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text 1)Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
"好啊，终于好了!" Anthony Tommasini 写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.但是，这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。
2011年高考全国II卷 “阅读理解”部分题目讲解
2011年高考全国II卷“阅读理解”部分题目讲解41.正确答案为D。
讲解：不选A，因为，from….to….表达的是“从一处/人到另一处/人”，文章中没有出现Graffitic Writers和Muralists对love这个话题上不同的看法。
不选B是因为MAP是个项目，非company（公司），从第二自然段第二行可以得出。
不选C是因为Jane在全文五个自然段中，只出现在第二自然段，C答案只能概括文章的一小部分。
42.正确答案是C。
讲解：从第二自然段就可以找出，特别是第三行“The program began as part of Philadelphia’s Anti-Graffiti Network.”其中文意思是“这个项目开始成为费城反涂鸦网络的一部分”。
费城：为美国宾西法尼亚州东南部港市。
“anti-”为前缀，意思是“反、对抗”，如“anti-tank”反坦克、“anti-virus”反病毒。
44.正确答案为D。
讲解：主要考察词汇量和总结归纳能力。
A答案的意思是“困难的”、B答案的意思是“危险的”、C答案的意思是“实验性的、试验性的”，D 答案的意思是“成功的”。
D选项可以从文章的最后一句话中的“extraordinary”和“pleasant”两个单词可以得出。
最后一自然段的中文意思是“壁画进入到人们的集体记忆当中，这种记忆使得邻里关系变得不同寻常、令人愉悦”，戈尔登----一位在洛杉矶开始壁画的人说道。
47.正确答案是B。
讲解：题干的意思是“是什么东西使得Happy和Maxine及Partty 区别？”此题要答对关键是要在原文找到“nose”这个单词。
从倒数第二自然段的第二句话可以得出，原句的中文意思是“她（指Happy）可以通过看镜子中辨别图像，并且使用长鼻子触碰镜中的图像。
”52．正确答案是A。
讲解：从第一自然段的第三行可以找出答案，即从That “quite”一直到someone else;这几句话的中文意思是：“quite”这个词让我伤心。
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第二部分阅读理解(1)（2011年12月网考）全翻译版以下正误判断题（百分百实考题）在考试中的阅读第一篇，相对来说难度较低，投机几率大，一般在20篇左右，建议强记，可以看题背答案，确保阅读的30分不丢。
解题思路：正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。
一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。
比较直接，难度相对较小。
做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。
Passage 1Mr. Young ran his own business and worked very hard. His wife was afraid that he would get sick if he continued like that, so she often tried to get him to take a vacation. At last she managed to persuade him to do so, and she hoped that he would be able to enjoy his vacation without any disturbance, so before they left, Mrs. Young went to see her husband's secretary. She said to her, "My husband needs a vacation very much, so whatever happens, please don't bother him with telegrams and letters about business problems while we are away. Just wait till we get back."After Mr. and Mrs. Young had been away about a week, Mr. Young received a letter from his secretary which said, "Something terrible happened to your business, but I'm not going to bother you with it while you are enjoying your vacation."杨先生经营自己生意和工作很辛苦，他的妻子怕他这样继续下去会生病，所以她常常劝说他去度一次假。
最后，她成功地说服了他，她希望他能够享受没有任何干扰的假期，所以在离开前，杨太太去见了丈夫的秘书。
她对她说，“我的丈夫非常需要一个假期，所以无论发生什么事，请不要打电话和发有关业务问题的信件，一切都等到我们回来。
”后来杨先生和夫人离开大约一周后，杨先生收到了他秘书一封信，信中说：“你的生意发生了很大的损失，但我不会打搅你，你正在享受你的假期。
”1. Mr. Young was the owner of a private business. 杨先生是个民营企业老板。
A：T B：F2. Mrs. Young worried about her husband's business. 杨太太担心丈夫的生意A：T B：F3. Mrs. Young was afraid that her husband's vacation might be spoilt. 杨太太担心丈夫的假期被破坏A：T B：F4. The secretary didn't explain in her letter what had happened to Mr.Young's business, because shedidn't want to spoil Mr. Young's vacation.秘书没有在信中说明发生了什么事情，因为她不想破坏杨先生的假期。
A：T B：F5. You can learn from the story that Mr. Young had a stupid secretary.你可以从文章中知道：杨先生有个愚蠢的秘书。
A：T B：FKEY：ABAAAPassage 2A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home after having fought in Vietnam. He called his parents from San Francisco. "Mom and Dad, I'm coming home, but I've a favor to ask. I have a friend. I'd like to bring him home with me.""Sure," they replied, "we'd love to meet him.""There's something you should know," the son continued, "he was injured pretty badly in the fighting. He stepped on a land mine（地雷）and lost an arm and a leg. He has nowhere else to go, and I want him to live with us.""We're sorry to hear that, son. But, maybe we can help him find somewhere to live.""No, Mom and Dad, I want him to live with us.""Son," said the father, "you don't know what you're asking. Someone with such a handicap would be a terrible burden to us. We have our own lives to live, and we can't let something like this interfere with our lives. I think you should just come home and forget about this guy. He'll find a way to live on his own."At that point, the son hung up the phone. The parents heard nothing more from him. A few days later, however, they received a call from the San Francisco police. Their son had died after falling from a building. The police believed he had killed himself.The grief-stricken（悲痛欲绝的）parents flew to San Francisco and were taken to the city morgue （太平间）to identify the body of their son. They recognized him, but to their horror they also discovered something they didn't know, their son had only one arm and one leg.有这样一个故事,讲的是一个展示参加完越南战争后终于要回家了。
他从旧金山打电话给他的父母，“爸爸妈妈,我要回家了,但是我想请你们帮个忙，我有一个朋友，我想带他一起回家。
”“当然,”他们回答道,“我们将很高兴见到他。
”“只是有些事情你们必须知道,”儿子接着说,“他在战斗中受了很重的伤,他踩到地雷而失去了一只胳膊和一条腿。
他无处可去,我想让他和我们住在一起。
”“儿子，我们听到这个消息很抱歉。
但是,或许我们可以帮他找个住的地方。
”“不,爸爸妈妈,我想让他和我们住在一起。
”“儿子,”父亲说,“你不知道你在说什么，身体这样残疾的人会成为我们生活的沉重负担，我们有自己的生活,我们不能让这样的事情干扰我们的生活。
我觉得你回来就好了,把那个人忘了吧，他会有办法自己活下去的”说到这里,儿子挂断了电话。
父母再也听不到他的声音。
然而几天后,他们接到了旧金山警方的电话，说他们的儿子坠楼身亡了，警方认为他是自杀。
悲痛欲绝的父母飞往旧金山,并在警方的带领下到太平间去辨认儿子的遗体。
他们认出了他,但是让他们十分震惊的我，他们发现了一件之前不知道的事情：他们的儿子只有一只胳膊和一条腿。
1. The soldier called his parents from San Francisco after having fought in Vietnam. 曾在越南打仗的士兵从旧金山打电话给他的父母。
A：T B：F2. The soldier told his parents that he wanted them to meet his friend in the army. 那个士兵告诉他的父母,他想让他们去迎接他在部队服役的朋友。
A：T B：F3. His father considered his plan unacceptable. 他的父亲认为他的想法是不能接受的。
A：T B：F4. A few days later the parents were told by the police that their son had killed himself. 几天后,警方告诉父母,他们的儿子已经自杀了。
A：T B：F5. The son killed himself because he was unable to find a job. 因为找不到一份工作儿子就自杀了。