2014年高考高中英语知识点详解及训练(108)：refer to、refer…to
2014届高三一轮复习英语精品资料 基础巩固(新课标专用)Book 1 Unit 3 含解析
Ⅰ。
联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)1．transport vt。
＆n．运输2．prefer vt.更喜欢→prefer to do.。
rather_than do.。
.宁愿……而不愿……3．persuade vt.说服→persuade sb. to_do/persuade sb. into doing sth。
/talk sb. into doing sth。
说服某人做某事4．be fond of 喜欢→be interested in/be crazy about sth./be in sth.对……感兴趣5．care_about关心；惦念→care for 喜欢；照料；关心；想要6．change_one’s_mind改变主意→make_up_one's_mind下决心7．give_in屈服;让步→give up放弃→give away泄密Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词) 1．disadvantage n．不利条件→advantage n．有利条件2．persuade vt.说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的3．graduate v。
＆n．毕业；毕业生→graduation n．毕业4．organize vt。
组织；成立→organization n．组织5．reliable adj.可靠的→rely vi。
依靠Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空）1．Ever_since（自从）I graduated_from(毕业) university, I've been trying to persuade(劝说）my fatherto stop smoking, but he is quite stubborn(固执的），and his attitude （态度) disappoints me.2．Among all the means of transportation(交通)，I prefer（更喜欢）thebus as it needs low fares(费用) and causes less pollution although it has some disadvantages(不便之处)．3．Once he has made_up_his_mind(下定决心)，it’s hard to persuade （说服) him to change_his_mind(改变他的主意）．He will never give_in（让步)．4．We have organized（组织）an outing to a valley(山谷）near our city.We'll gather at the school gate and cycle(骑车) to the destination.The whole journey(旅程) will cost us an hour according to the schedule(日程表)．5．We do care_about_details(关注细节) and we are determined（决定) to make sure all the information is from reliable(可靠的）sources。
2014年北京高考英语精彩试题与问题详解
2014年北京高考英语精彩试题与问题详解2014年高考英语试题以及答案第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，共15 分）从每题所给的ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but22. ---Hi, let’s go skating.--- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A. byB. inC. forD. until24. ________carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..A. ObserveB. To observeC. ObservedD. Observing25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD.to be solved29._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.A. AsB. WhenC. Even thoughD. In case30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why31.--- What time is it?--- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. would check32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ whenI arrived.A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started33.Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A. whateverB. whenever.C. whereeverD. however34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。
2014高考英语重点词汇讲解 c
2014高考英语重点词汇讲解 c特殊注意： care about表示在乎，常用于否定句;care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。
39. carry 一般用法： carry表示搬运;carry on表示坚持;carry out表示执行。
特殊注意： carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。
40. case 一般用法： in case; in case of; in any case; inthis/that case特殊注意： in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。
41. catch 一般用法： catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with 特殊注意： be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught inthe rain.42. cattle 一般用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。
如：Cattle are raised here. 特殊注意：一头牛可以用a head of cattle.43. chance 一般用法： by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that…特殊注意：在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。
44. change 一般用法：change… for…表示把……换成……;change… into…表示把……变成……。
特殊注意：表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。
45. class 一般用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。
特殊注意： in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。
46. close 一般用法：动词表示关闭;形容词表示亲密的;副词表示靠近。
特殊注意： close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。
2014年高考英语词汇解析
2014年高考英语词汇解析A1.●abandon v. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于2. ◎ability n. 能力；才能the ability to walk 行走的能力to the best of one’s ability 竭尽全力He completed the job to the best of his ability.3.●abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的反义词：normal4. ◎aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船(飞机，轮船)5. about prep关于，ad 大约，到处a) be about to do sth…(when) I was about to go out when it began to rain. b) look about/around/round c) How/What about…询问情况或建议6 . above prep 在…上面above all 首先;尤其7. abroad ad.到(在)国外a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在国内外8. ●absence n. 不在，缺席absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence.in the absence of 在缺少…条件下The case was dismissed in the absence of proof.9. ◎absent adj. 缺席的，不在的be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的10. ◎absorb vt. 1) 吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2) 理解，掌握absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energy absorb information/ knowledge be absorbed in 专注于，聚精会神于11.●abuse v / n. 滥用，谩骂abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/嗜毒abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权12. accept vt. accept the gift /invitation /plan accept sb/sth as…13.●access n.方法，通路，机会accessible adj. 可进入的，可接近的，可使用的14. accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance 偶然，无意中；不小心15. ●accompany v. 陪伴，伴随，伴奏accompany sb. to the school/ supermarket accompany the singer on / at the piano Lightening usually accompanies thunder. 16. ●accomplish v. 完成，到达，实现accomplishment n. 成就，成绩accomplish the task/ purpose/ goal17. according to 根据According to the law, he should be sentenced to death.18. ◎accuse vt. 指控，指责accuse sb of (doing ) sth 控告…19.●accustomed adj. 习惯的，适应的，惯常的be/ get/ become accustomed to doing20. ache vi./n headache / toothache My back aches so much.21. achieve vt 达到；取得achievement n 成就achieve success/victory/one’s goal;22.◎achievement n. 成就，业绩；完成（任务等）make great achievements23.●acknowledge v. 承认，致谢24. across prep cross v. I walked across the street.; cross a street; come/run across碰到25. act n.法令，条例vt.表演，扮演，行动,做事act as充当；扮演act out 把…表演出来26. action n. 行动take action to do sth put sth into action 把…付诸实施27. active adj. 积极的;主动的take an active part in /be active in 积极参加28.◎activity n. 活动outdoor activities 户外运动29.actual a.实际的actually adv. in (actual) fact 实际上30●adapt vi. 适应，适合，改编vt. 使适应adapt to change /the city lifeadapt oneself to the new surroundings adapt the novel for a film adaptation n. 适应31. add vt 添加，增加，补充说（that）add(…)to 添加add up 把…加在一起add up to总计为; 总数为a) His illness added to our trouble. b) He added that he would come again. c) Please add these figures up. d) These numbers add up to 100. e) He added some salt to the water.32. address n.地址vt.写地址；向…讲话（尤指演讲）address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信The letter was wrongly addressed. The president addressed the public.33.●adjust vt. 调整，调节，适应adjust your speed /the volume/ the cameraadjust to the dark/ the single life adjust yourself to the student life adjustment n.调整，调节34. admire v 钦佩.;羡慕admire sb for sth I admire John for his courage.35. admit vt （admitted ,admitted）1) 承认admit one’s mistakes; admit doing/having doneHe admitted having stolen the money.2) 准许（入场，入学，入会）admit sb to /into→sb be admitted to He has been admitted to Beijing University.36.●adopt v. 收养，采用，采纳adopt a child the adopted son/ daughteradopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude37. advance vi推进，促进；前进adj. advanced 先进的/ 高级的in advance 预先，事先an advanced worker 38. advantage n. 优点，好处(可数名词) 反：disadvantagetake advantage of 利用have an advantage over 优于to sb’s advantage 对（某人）有利39. ◎advertise vt. 为…做广告1）为…做广告advertise a product / things2）登广告征求/寻找…advertise for a new sales manager40. advice n/u. advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议take/follow/ accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议 a piece of advice 一条建议give sb some advice on sth advise sb (not) to do; advise doing; advise that …(should)+do Our teacher advised that we should study hard.41. ●affect vt. 影响, 深深打动，使悲伤等Smoking affects health. People were deeply affected by the death of Jin Zhengri.42. afford vt. 负担得起,抽得出(时间); 提供can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sth I can’t afford a book/to buy the book43. afraid a. 害怕的；担心be afraid to do 因为害怕不敢做…; be afraid of doing 害怕…She was afraid to go out alone at night. She was afraid of waking him up.44. against prep 对着，反对, 靠着，迎着，衬着stand against the wall (靠墙站着) go against nature; be against sth 反对They are strongly against the plan. The pine tree were black against the morning sky.45. age n.年龄；时代vi. 变老for ages 多年; at an early age; at the age of …of the same age=of an age After his wife’s death he aged quickly.46. agree vi. 同意；应允1）agree with ①agree with sb / what you say/your opinion. ②表示一致;―(食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜‖：The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。
高一英语必修四重要知识点归纳
高一英语必修四重要知识点归纳1. represent 代表，象征2. approach 接近，靠近3. defend 保护，保卫4. defend against 保卫。
以免受5. likely 可能的6. be likely to 很可能7. in general 总的来说，通常8. ease 安逸，减轻9. at ease 舒适，自由自在10. lose face 丢脸11. turn one’s back to 背对，背弃【重点句型】1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garciafrom Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼?家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚?史密斯。
△ 句中closely followed by。
是过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。
2. Not all cultures greet each other the sameway, nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance betweenpeople.各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不一样。
△ 本句中not all“并不是所有的”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如all, both, every, everything, entirely, pletely 等，与not 连用时，无论not 在它们前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为“并非所有。
都”，“并非每一。
都”。
3. These actions are not good or bad, but aresimply ways in which cultures have developed.这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。
2014年北京高考英语试题及答案详解
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试及答案英语（北京卷）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是 D。
21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but22. —Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A. byB. inC. forD. until24. __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..A. ObserveB. To observeC. ObservedD. Observing25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where27.________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD.to be solved29._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.A. AsB. WhenC. Even thoughD. In case30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why31.— What time is it? —I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. would check32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started33.Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A. whateverB. whenever.C. whereeverD. however34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2014年山西省高考英语重点词汇总结
高考题词汇总结阅读A单词：Curiosity n. specific n. celebration n.Guideline n. available adj. exhibit v.Present v. review n. announcement n.Official adj. ceremony n. challenge n.词组短语：Inform…of…inspire sb. To do sth. Be curious aboutBe selected as winning entries be included inAccuse sb. Of sth. Rob/rid sb. Of sth remind sb. Of sth.Cure sb. Of sth. warn sb. Of sth. Suspect sb. Of sth.Charge sb. Of sth. Persuade sb. Of sth. Free sb. Of sth.阅读B单词：Darken v. abundant adj. ever-lasting adj.Commercial adj. clearings n. decade n.Nest v. prohibit v. sizable adj.Confirmed adj. affectionately adv. Ruin v.Liberation n. evolution n. ignore v.词组短语：Fly over written accounts be equal toForce sb. To do sth. Contribute to under human careUnder control under discussion under presserUnder repair under construction under attackUnder guarantee under investigation under wayUnder no circumstance 绝不under consideration under the weather 身体不舒服阅读C单词：Tamer n. option n. confused adj.Accomplish v. whip n. lion n.Typical adj. conflict n. puzzled adj.Trick v. tolerant adj. supportive adj.词组短语：In reality focus on be faced withBe unsure about lose weight make progressDebate about improve one’s life take actionTake immediate action show off entertain the audience Hold on to make a decision ask for阅读D单词：Spanish n. Arabic n. reflect v.Found v. community n. note v.词组短语：Die out in an effort to do grow out ofBe content to do a wealth of remain unstudiedIn need of thanks to make efforts to do Set up be based on a starting point七选五词组短语：Develop Classic skills try out experiment with Go a long way in a meaningful way do with完形填空词组短语:As a general rule lead to be excited about Wear off put away be full ofStamp albums within a short time hand over toLook forward to the same is true of…at a timeDriver’s licenses单词:Boredom n. basement n. unfinished adj. Bath v. brush v. retirement n. Pastime n. principle n. well-organized Colorfully-printed half-filled newly-collected Obtain v.填空Fix v. outstanding adj. transformation n. Patience n. amazing adj. gradual adj. Clean up catch fire environmental cleanup It takes sb. Time or money to do paid offDrive …crazy/mad改错：With the help of since then as a result Share…with…year after year at no costIn size allow sb. To do sth.Juicy adj. tasty adj.按要求做题：Information n.__________(v.) curious adj._________(n.)Dark adj.___________(v.) abundant adj.________(近义词) Value n.__________(adj.) prohibit v.___________(近义词) Effect n._________（v.）real adj.__________(n.) Immediately adv.__________(adj.) special adj.__________(v.) Studied ___________(反义词) found v.___________(过去式)Wealth n.___________（adj.）read v._______________(反义词)Meaning n.__________(adj.) imagine v.____________(adj.)Environment n.__________(adj.) transformation n._____________(v.)Patient adj.___________(n.) actual adj.______________(adv.)Wonderful adj._________(adv.) pollute v._________(adj.)__________(n.) Convenient adj._________(n.)翻译：Pull the chestnut out of fire.Put the cart before the horse.Put your shoulder to the wheel.Reading enriches the mind.七选五具体答题步骤如下：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。
2014高考陕西卷英语真题逐题解析
2014高考陕西卷英语真题逐题解析新东方在线2014高考落下帷幕，新东方在线高考名师团队联合西安新东方学校高考团队对陕西高考卷进行了深度评析。
以下是新东方在线联合西安新东方高中英语项目主管邓亚磊老师对2014年高考英语（陕西卷）试题进行的逐题解析，对2015年高考考生备考具有极强的指导意义。
语音题：1. o元音字母的发音，原词发音为 /əʊ/，A 选项发音为/ʌ/，B选项发音为/ɔ/，C选项发音为/əʊ/，D 选项发音为/ə/，所以答案是C2.ea元音字母组合的发音，原词发音为/iː/，A 选项发音为/eɪ/，B 选项发音为/e/，C选项发音为/ɪə/，D 选项发音为/iː/，所以答案是D3. s辅音字母的发音，原词发音为浊辅音/z/，A 选项发音为/ʒ/，B选项发音为/z/，C选项发音为/ʃ/，D 选项发音为/z/，所以答案是B4. th辅音字母组合的发音，原词发音为浊辅音，A 选项B选项C 选项发音为清辅音/θ/，D 选项发音为浊辅音/ð/，所以答案是D5. ow字母组合的发音，原词发音为/aʊ/，A 选项发音为/aʊ/，B 选项发音为/əʊ/，C选项发音为/ɔ/，D 选项发音为/əʊ/，所以答案是A单选题：11.—I got that job I wanted at the public library?--______! T hat’s good news.A. Go aheadB. CheersC. CongratulationsD. Come on解析: 情景对话题。
当表达祝贺的时候应该用C。
A,表示开始或者前行;B表示感谢或者再见;D表示鼓励。
12. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ____ for a swim?A. to goB. goingC. goD. having gone解析: 非谓语动词的微观语法点。
feel like doing ,答案应该选择B13. Please send us all the information______ you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what解析:定语从句。
2014高考英语重要知识点精讲精析(三).
2014高考英语重要知识点精讲精析（三）一、【句子】Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。
【解析】1.symbol1)n.符号；象征；标志The dove is the symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。
2)symbol,sign,signal,mark辨析这些名词均含“标志、象征、符号”之意。
symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
sign: 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
mark: 普通用词，含义广泛。
既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
2.有关put的常见短语1. put aside 存钱2. put away 放好，收起来;存钱3. put an end to 结束4. put back 把(钟)拨慢;推迟;阻碍5. put down 扑灭，平息，镇压;放下6. put forward 提出7. put into 插入；译成8. put off 延期，拖延9. put on 上演;穿戴10.put together 组装，装配11. put on weight 长胖12. put out 熄灭，扑灭; 伸出，拿出13. put sb to bed 打发某人睡觉14. put sb to the trouble of 麻烦某人做15. put up 挂起，张贴; 举起，抬起;建造,搭起;为某人提供膳宿16. put up with 忍受，容忍17. put one"s heart into 用心去做rmation1)n.信息；情报；资料；通知They were unable to provide much information.他们不能提供很多信息。
高中英语知识点大全108refertorefer…to
高中英语知识点大全（108）：refer to/refer…to1、recognize vt. 辨认出；承认Do you recognize his hand writing? 你能认出他的笔迹吗？They recognized him to be a great leader. 他们承认他是一位伟大领袖。
He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake. 他不承认自己犯下了大错。
2、reducereduce the number of 减少……的数量；reduce the cost/ one’s weight the price/ speed 降低成本/ 减肥/ 降价/ 减速注意：reduce是increase的反义词。
与by连用表示“减少了多少”；与to连用则表示“减少到多少”。
[应用]完成句子①今年吸烟人数已减少了30%The number of smokers has been reduced _________30%.②现在一辆自行车的成本已降低到50美元。
Now the cost of a bike has been reduced _______50 dollars.Key:①by ②to3、refer to/refer…to1）refer 可用作及物动词，用于refer…to,表示“将……提交给”。
如：refer this problem to the school. 把这个问题提交学校。
refer the matter to the United Nations. 将这件事情提交联合国。
2）refer 表示“谈到，涉及；查阅，参考，指”时是不及物动词，需用refer to结构。
如：The book which you referred to is not in the library. 你所指的那本书不在图书馆。
His report refers to the situation in the Middle East. 他的报告谈到中东的形势。
2014年高考英语复习精典素材 知识点汇总(65页)
高中英语第一轮复习知识点汇总介词用法口诀早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
'beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
2014届高考英语(新课标通用)语法全方位突破代词(考点点睛+考点解读+回望2013精品练)全国通用-二轮复习
2014届高考英语（新课标通用）语法全方位突破--代词 考点点睛代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落，因此也是高考的一个重要考点。
代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。
从近几年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。
命题点：(1)不同代词的语义功能和语法功能；(2)不同代词之间的意义区别。
考点解读代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Does any of you know where Tom lives?—Me.What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。
（me是宾格，故用her替代）③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。
2014全国新课标卷词汇总结
2014全国新课标英语卷高频词汇总结动词inform 通知invite 邀请inspire 激励explore 探险select 选择present 呈现publish 出版serve 服务escape 逃跑ruin 毁灭seek 寻求protect保护ignore 忽视declare 宣布reach 到达attract 吸引settle 定居，解决throw 扔damage 破坏force 强制contribute to 奉献于，有利于pass 通过prohibit 禁止confirm 使确认survive 幸存wave 挥手advise 建议hold 抓，握，控制focus on 集中注意力于divide 分开achieve 实现debate 辩论improve 提高feel like 想要show off炫耀entertain 使娱乐make efforts to 努力做某事promote 提升rescue 援救search for 寻求set up 建立refer to 提及，指的是be based on 基于describe 形容repair 修理reward 回报donate 捐赠disappear 消失prevent 阻止follow 遵循，跟随document 文件seek to 寻求include 包含discover 发现found 发现collect 收集invent 发明develop 发展encourage 鼓励exist 存在communicate 交流fill 填满print 印刷promise 承诺retire 退休require 要求obtain 获得notice 注意discover 发现reduce 减少amaze 使惊讶attack 攻击perform 表演，执行care for 喜欢，照顾look forward to 期待complain about 抱怨retire 退休choose 选择exist存在prepare for 准备名词curiosity 好奇challenge 挑战ceremony 典礼guide 引导，导游review 评论，复习announcement 宣布passenger 乘客harm 伤害population 人口liberation 解放，释放evolution 进化abundance 进化decade 十年chance 机会guidance 引导，指导reality 现实，option 选择progress 进步expert 专家action 行动scholar 学者tradition 传统organization 组织research 调查experience经历，经验experiment 实验creativity 创造力expression 表达power 力量race 比赛confidence 自信sorrow 悲伤anxiety 着急burden 负担courage 勇气calmness 镇定graduation 毕业independence 独立responsibility 责任success 成功skill 技能knowledge 知识colleague 同事patience 耐心disease 疾病activity 活动形容词official 官方的curious 好奇的available 可利用的，可达到的unfair 不公平的strict 严格的unbelievable 难以置信的gone 没了的tolerant 可忍受的doubtful 怀疑的respectful 有礼貌的supportive 支持的typical 典型的confused 迷惑的immediate 立即的clear 清楚的puzzled 迷惑的valuable 有价值的weak 虚弱的same 相同的extra 多余的expensive 昂贵的broad 宽广的main 主要的correct 正确的impossible 不可能的actual 实际的wonderful 极好的general 普通的副词mainly 主要地silently 沉默地impatiently 不耐烦地worriedly 着急地carefully 细心地eagerly 渴望地nervously 紧张地bravely 勇敢地。
2014年北京高考英语试题及答案详解
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试及答案英语（北京卷）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.A. soB. orC. forD. but22. —Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.A. byB. inC. forD. until24. __ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab..A. ObserveB. To observeC. ObservedD. Observing25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me..A.whoB. whichC. whenD. Where27.________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD.to be solved29._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.A. AsB. WhenC. Even thoughD. In case30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why31.—What time is it? —I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. would check32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started33.Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A. whateverB. whenever.C. whereeverD. however34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______..A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
上海高考英语2014年知识点集锦
冠词
1. 能在 300 字左右 的文章中， 理解， 辨析 应填入的部分为不定 冠词，定冠词。 1. 能在整篇文章中 去分析句子中缺 少相应的指代 词。 1. 能 在 句 子 中 进 行 分析， 通过前后句 子辨别空格为比 较级或者最高级。 1. 能 在 文 章 中 去 理 解此空格需要一 个副词。 1. 能在 300 字的文章 中，分析出作者的 感情色彩。 2. 能 对 文 章 中 作 者 语气的揣测。 1. 现在分词： 1. 能对高考常见 固定搭配的再 现。 2. 现在分词作伴 随状语的运 用。 3. 表示主动，后 置定语的运 用。 4. 做 主 语 的 掌 握。
状语从句
1. 时 间 状 语 从 句 的 运用
2. 条件状语从句
1. 经常考察 if, unless, as soon as 等单词。 2. 条件状语从句中时态的运用。会结合现在时，过 去完成时一起考察。 1. It is+强调的部分+that / who ……
强调句 虚拟语气
1. 强 调 句 固 定 句 型 的记忆 1. 考 察 虚 拟 语 气 与 名词性从句的结 合。 2. 虚拟语气省略。 3. 一 些 固 定 单 词 虚 拟语气运用。
fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推迟 report 报告 risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议 understand 理解 end up 结束 devote to 致力于 2. 过去分词 1. 能在短文中去 分析，理解， 辨认出过去分 词作被动的用 法。 2. 能在文章中理 解过去分词的 一些固定搭 配。 4. 不定式 1. 能在文章中再 现不定式的搭 配。 2. 能在文章中去 理解不定式做 主语的用法。 3. 能在文章中对 不定式表示将 来的掌握。 1. 考察一般为___ 前面主语为物，后面接过去分词 表示被动意义。 2. 过去分词还表示完成意义。 3. 常见的固定搭配： Have sth done Make sth done Let sth done Need sth done
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高中英语知识点大全（108）：refer to/refer…to
1、recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
Do you recognize his hand writing? 你能认出他的笔迹吗？
They recognized him to be a great leader. 他们承认他是一位伟大领袖。
He didn’t recognize that he had made a big mistake. 他不承认自己犯下了大错。
2、reduce
reduce the number of 减少……的数量；
reduce the cost/ one’s weight the price/ speed 降低成本/ 减肥/ 降价/ 减速
注意：reduce是increase的反义词。
与by连用表示“减少了多少”；与to连用则表示“减少到多少”。
[应用]完成句子
①今年吸烟人数已减少了30%
The number of smokers has been reduced _________30%.
②现在一辆自行车的成本已降低到50美元。
Now the cost of a bike has been reduced _______50 dollars.
Key:①by ②to
3、refer to/refer…to
1）refer 可用作及物动词，用于refer…to,表示“将……提交给”。
如：
refer this problem to the school. 把这个问题提交学校。
refer the matter to the United Nations. 将这件事情提交联合国。
2）refer 表示“谈到，涉及；查阅，参考，指”时是不及物动词，需用refer to结构。
如：
The book which you referred to is not in the library. 你所指的那本书不在图书馆。
His report refers to the situation in the Middle East. 他的报告谈到中东的形势。
短语：refer to the map/ one’s notes/ the dictionary 查阅地图/ 参考笔记/ 查字典注意：look up word in the dictionary 查字典
对比：refer to 指语言、内容与某人（物）有关；而point to表示用手指向某人（物）。
如：
I didn’t know whom she was referring to.我不知道她指的是谁。
She pointed to the map and explained to the students. 她指着地图给学生做出解释。
[应用]完成句子
①我在加拿大时，一位朋友经常提起白求恩大夫。
A friend of mine often ______ _______ Dr.Bethune when I was in Canada.
②两国把这件事提交给了联合国。
The two countries. _______the matter _______the United Nations.
Key:①referred,to ②referred,to。