the Holy Bible
bible造句 -回复
bible造句-回复1. The Bible is considered the holy book for Christians.2. In Sunday school, we learn about the stories and teachings from the Bible.3. Many people find comfort and guidance in the verses of the Bible during difficult times.4. The Bible contains both the Old and New Testaments, detailing the history and teachings of Christianity.5. According to the Bible, God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh.6. Jesus' teachings, as recorded in the Bible,强调love, forgiveness, and compassion.7. The Bible has been translated into numerous languages so that people all over the world can read it.8. Some families have a tradition of reading a passage from the Bible before starting their day.9. The Ten Commandments, a fundamental part of religious law, are outlined in the Bible.10. Many artists throughout history have found inspiration for their works in the stories depicted in the Bible.11. The Bible serves as a source of moral guidance for millions of believers worldwide.12. Biblical scholars spend years studying the Bible to deepen their understanding of its messages and context.13. Some people believe in the literal interpretation of every word in the Bible, while others see it as a collection of metaphorical lessons.14. The Bible has influenced Western literature, art, and culture more than any other book.15. Many churches use the Bible as the central text for their sermons and worship services.16. The Bible teaches us about the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.17. Numerous movies and TV shows have been based on stories from the Bible.18. The Bible is often used in ceremonies like weddings and funerals to provide spiritual significance.19. People often turn to the Bible for wisdom and advice on how to live a righteous life.20. The Bible's enduring popularity is a testament to its profound impact on human spirituality and philosophy.。
The Bible
《旧约全书》
《旧约》又称《希伯莱圣经》，讲述 了万物和人类的起源，以及古希伯莱 人的神话传说。
《新约全书》
《新约》是基督教经典，记载了耶稣 的生平，教戒以及使徒们的行事。
圣经 《旧约全书》
约 希伯莱人与上帝 立约
《新约全书》
基督徒与上帝立 约
经典 犹太教经典
内容 上帝创造万物和 人类、希伯莱人 的古代传说
基督教经典
记载耶稣生平、 福音传播
基督教徒继承犹太教 经典，取名为 《旧约全书》，而把 自己的经典称为 《新约全书》。 表明前者是希伯莱人 与上帝的立约，后 者是基督徒与上帝 的立约，两部经典 统称《圣经》。
Judaism
犹太教
同源性
基督教
Christianity
《圣经》的影响力
《圣经》是基督教的教义，是基督教教徒的 教科书。 与古希腊文学同为西方文学的源头。 是西方社会文化的基础，也是了解西方社会 文化的基础。 《圣经》中的故事广为流传，形成了大量的 英语习语，丰富了英语的口头和书面表达。
《圣经》的内容
《圣经》（The Bible）的核心实质是 认为人的生命和宇宙都是上帝所创造, 包括《旧约全书》（The Old Testament）和《新约全书》（The New Testament）两部分。
圣经
The Holy Bible
《圣经》的影，已 经销出三万万五千万册，现已译成一千一 百余种语言，是被最广泛阅读的书。 莎士比亚作品里有500多个概念和用语是直 接引自《圣经》。 昔日有人问维多利亚女王治国之道，她就 指圣经为“大不列颠之宪法”。 狄更斯：《圣经》永远是一本好书。 德国著名的文豪歌德说：“若我进了监狱， 而只允许我带一本书，我必选择圣经。”
M9 Unit 4 Reading
Step4: Careful reading Part 2 (Paras.2-5)
1.Paragraph 2 2.Paragraph 3 idiom
【课堂互动探究】
examples of biblical idioms
Step1: Check the preview 【预习与检测】 】
一、 预习指导：阅读文章 Biblical idioms in English, 了解英语中关于圣经谚语的意思。 二、 预习检测：
1. How many idioms are mentioned in this text? ( ) A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 2. Which of the following idioms means that a person is very good and honest? ( ) A. Feet of clay. B. The salt of the earth. C. The apple of one’s eye. D. A little bird told me. 3. From the passage, we know that _____ . ( ) A. An idiom can be understood easily by looking at the meaning of its separate words. B. Biblical idioms originally have vague meanings. C. “by and by” means immediately at present. D. There are many idioms in Hebrew and Greek. 4. Which of the following statements is not right according to the passage? ( ) A. Idioms are not very important, so we needn’t learn it well. B. Studying idioms can help improve our comprehension. C. If you want to be an interpreter, you had better learn some idioms well. D. Learning English idioms well can help you better know the history and cultures of English-speaking countries. 5. How can we successfully read idioms? ( ) A.Create an image in your mind. B. Find the clues in the context. C. Look at the meanings of the separate words D. A and B
The Holy Bible
The Relations:
• The Old Testament was written before Jesus was born and the New Testament was written after Jesus was born about his life. • The Old Testament is a collection of 39 books of history, poetry, advice and prophecy, and is considered sacred by Jews and Christians alike. However，the New Testament is 27 books, containing four accounts of Jesus life and teachings, an account of the early church's activities, and numerous letters from church leaders to individual congregations, containing teachings and advice.
The New Testament consists of :
•four narratives of the life, teaching, death and resurrection of Jesus, called "gospels"; •a narrative of the Apostles' ministries in the early church, called the "Acts of the Apostles; •twenty-one letters, often called "epistles", written by various authors, and consisting of Christian doctrine, counsel, instruction, and conflict resolution; •an Apocalypse, the Book of Revelation, which is a book of prophecy, containing some instructions to seven local congregations of Asia Minor, but mostly containing prophetical symbology, about the end times.
TheWritingFeaturesof“Tessofthed’Urbervilles”
2018年08期总第396期ENGLISH ON CAMPUSThe Writing Features of “Tess of the d’Urbervilles”文/ Zhang Yan Cai XiangyuI. IntroductionThomas Hardy is an outstanding novelist in English history of literature. He was highly critical of much in Victorian society, especially on the declining status of rural people in Britain. Among his many works, “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” gained him a great reputation. As Shakespeare had said, “tragedy is to show people ruining the beautiful. The novel presents a tragic story of a girl who is naive and pure with a lot of misfortunes. In this article the author tends to explore the novel and presents the writers’ writing aim from its narrative perspective and writing features.The story depicts the sad tale of a pure girl from a farmer’s family. She lived a poor but peaceful life. After seduced by her so -called cousin Alec,Tess gave birth to a baby who died of illness, which gave her a hard attack. That’s why she named the baby Sorrow. Tess was overwhelmed by grief and sorrow for a period of time. In order to forget the past and start a new life, Tess came to a distant dairy farm where she met Angel, the son of a clergyman, and they fell into love with each other. But when Angel made a proposal to Tess he got a refusal. Anyway they got married after overcoming a lot of difficulties. While a dramatic turning point appeared on their wedding night. After Angel made a confession Tess forgave him without hesitation and looked forward to being forgiven yet in vain. Angel rejected Tess when she confessed she wasn’t a virgin, even though he wasn’t either. Angel abandoned his poor bride and went to Brazil to escape. Tess fell into Alec’s trap again being his mistress and suffered a lot spiritually. As a result, Angel returned from travelling abroad to seek Tess but found her with Alec. Tess murdered Alec later with hatred in order to run away with Angel.They spent several days of happiness together before she was arrested. The protagonist was sentenced to death and was hanged as punishment. It’s a real tragedy that Tess bore all the punishment and suffering. She was deceived repeatedly and destroyed gradually by the people around her. The author criticized the cold-blooded and hypocritical aristocracy sarcastically and took a lot of sympathy on the working class with enthusiasm.II. Writing FeauresThomas Hardy is ver y talented in describing the countryside environment which is closely related with the theme of the novel. Nature description is a necessary element. Therefore he was labeled as the character-environment novelist. In this piece of art, Hardy adopted symbolic writing features abundantly to elaborate the story.2.1 Water descriptionHard described water in different stages to imply the growing changes of the heroine.2.1.1 Maiden: When Tess was in the maiden period, the author described Blackmoor, as the mother river of Marlot village, with power and energy. It witnessed the girl’s innocence and her growing up yet it’s her cognition of the whole world: “The Vale of Blackmoor was to her the world, and its inhabitants the races thereof”. As the scripts in the bible states: Let the water teem with living creatures...Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life...Let the waters be full of living things...every living and moving thing with which the water teems” (Genesis 1:20) 2.1.2 Maiden no more: Blackmoor as the boundary of Marlot village and Shaston town, is quite dangerous. That suggested as Tess was curious of the outside world and intended to go out for labor, she was doomed to meet her tragedy. “the streams in Blackmoor...were slow, silent often turbid; flowing over beds of mud into which the incautious wader might sink and vanish unawares”. It turned out to be reality that after Tess was seduced in the town her wholeness and life was divided into two parts. “She was somewhat changed-the same, but not the same; at the present stage of【Abstract】Thomas Hardy was an outstanding writer in describing nature and adopting some allusions from Holy Bible. In his famous masterpiece “Tess of the d’Urbervilles”, he explored abundant descriptions in water, color, allusions to imply the psychological state and fate development of the protagonist, thus it brought a dramatically impressive effect to the readers.【Key words】naturalism; bible; water; color; tragic【作者简介】Zhang Yan, Cai Xiangyu, Dalian University of Finance and Economics.2332342018年08期总第396期ENGLISH ON CAMPUSher existence living as a stranger and an alien here.”2.1.3 Purification: Washing. After giving birth to a baby,Tesswent to work in Froom Vale where River Froom is the placeshe normally stayed. She also baptized her baby in the river. Besides washing, water can be functioned as forgetting. “ thenew are was clear, bracing ethereal”, “more cheering than the old place she knew well. “The Froom waters were clear as the pure River of Life shown to the Evangelist” It seems to be related with the scripts in the Bible “And the Lord God made a garden in the east, in Eden; And a river went out of Edengiving water to the garden; and from there it was parted and became four streams”(Genesis2:8,9,10)From the water description above, it’s clear differentwater represents the different psychological state and stages of fate. How closely related between the natural environment and the character. Man is driven by a combined force of nature,both inside nature and outside environment.2.2 Color descriptionIn the New Testament of the Holy Bible, the color red isregarded as lust and violence, a striking contrast with white as the symptom of purity. It appeared fairly common in Hardy’sworks. As in Tess, apples, strawberries, red roses are all co-related with sex, sin or crime.2.2.1 Apples and strawberries. In christian culture redfruits normally carry the metaphor of sexual seduction. Hardy described Tess as a maiden with her red lips many times. Alec was strongly attracted by her lips at the first sight. “Let me put one little kiss on those holmberry lips, Tess” “They had spent some time wandering...Tess eating whatever d’Urberville offered her. When she could consume no more of the strawberries, he filled her little basket with them.2.2.2 Rose. As was formerly stated, red rose can be used to describe the red lips of Tess. It’s a strong implication of sexual attraction which lead to Alec’s flirting with Tess. “Her rosy lips curved towards a smile, much to the attraction of the swarthy Alexander”, “...the two passed round to the rose-trees, whence he gathered blossoms and gave her to put in her bosom. Sheobeyed like one in a dream...til she could affix no more”2.3 The Garden of Eden and some other allusions from the Holy BibleIt’s easily seen that the house of Alec reproducedthe scenario of the Garden of Eden that time based on thedescriptions of roses, strawberries, apples etc. Therefore the story of eating the forbidden fruit would naturally occur. “Why then have you tempted me? I was firm as a man could be till I saw...that mouth again-surely there never was such a maddening mouth since Eve’s!” During the happy time ofTess and Angel, the author called them definitely Adam and Eve, Alec the snake. At the end of the book, Tess and Angel went to the Stonehenge together, which was considered as the temple of pagan. Tess was devoted as human sacrificelater. As a result she was sentenced to death and hanged as punishment.III. Naturalism and FatalismThomas Hardy’s writings reveal a profoundly pessimisticsense of subjection to fate and circumstance. The uniquenesslies on “the fate is driven by the power of nature. The psychological state and development stage are brought forward by the environmental description. The tragedy of Tess started from the only horse in her family killed in the road. Then she was obliged to go outside the village to work. In Trantridge she fed the poultry while acted as a milkmaidin Froom valley where she met Angel. At the final section the impressive sentence “Justice is done” tend to be rather short yet powerful. The whole story came to an tragic end all ofa sudden, which had a striking effect to the readers.IV. ConclusionBriefly speaking, Hardy’s work often reflected the changeafter capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life in lower class. At the very beginning, Tess voluntarily took the load of the family as the eldest daughterafter they lost their only horse. Burdened by the drunkard father and selfish mother, she went to the town to seek fortune. Another reason is to chase the vanity of the so-called aristocracy of their family title. Alec loved Tess from his own perspective. He seduced her in spite of her unwillingness yethe devoted himself to support her family in their difficulties. Later on he persuaded Tess to be his mistress and convinced her that Angel would never return. The return of the husband with regret and forgiveness made Tess heart-broken. She murmured “it’s too late”. On the other hand she was eager to be with her true love again, so she stabbed Alec in the heart after a heated argument. The couple went on their way of escape and spent their happiness for the last days. Both Alecand Angel were cold-blooded and self-centered. They claimed to love Tess but they didn’t accept her as a whole. Thehypocritical morality drove them making decisions on their own value, regardless of the girl. It was the morality and ethic in the Britain’s Victorian era that caused Tess’ tragedy.References：[1][英]托马斯.哈代,德伯家的苔丝-Tess of the D ’urbervilles(典藏英文原版)[M],延边:延边人民出版社,2012.[2]圣经.中英对照 中文和合本[M].南京:中国基督教协会,2007.。
综合练习及参考译文
综合练习及参考译文第六章词义与修辞Translation of Figures of Speech课堂互动1 ：考考你，看谁能译出歧义和双关？（参考译文）1．He went to see the artist himself.【译文一】他亲自去看画家。
（himself是he的同位语。
）【译文二】他去看画家本人。
（himself是the artist的同位语。
）2. He is capable of doing anything.【译文一】他什么事情都会干。
（指“能干”）【译文二】他是什么事情都能干出来的。
（指“亡命之徒”）3．Flying planes is dangerous.（动名词）【译文一】驾驶飞机是危险的。
Flying planes are dangerous.（分词）【译文二】正在飞行的飞机是危险的。
4．Bruce was writing a poem on an ancient tomb stone.【译文一】布鲁斯正在一块古代的墓碑上写诗。
【译文二】布鲁斯正在写一首关于古代墓碑的诗。
（on作“关于”讲）5．I decided on the boat.【译文一】我选定了这只船。
【译文二】我在船上做出了决定。
6．She didn’t do that to please her mother.【译文一】为使她母亲高兴，她没有做那事。
(=She didn’t do that in order to please her mother.) 【译文二】她做那事并不是为了使她母亲高兴。
(=She did that not to please her mother.)7．I didn’t go because I was afraid.【译文一】我没去，因为我怕。
（没去）【译文二】我不是因为怕才去的。
（去了）8．I didn’t write the letter because of what you told me.【译文一】由于你跟我讲了，所以我没有写那封信。
The Influence of Bible on English Culture
The Influence of Bible on English Culture1.IntroductionIn western countries, Christianity is the main type of religion. With the world widely spread, Christianity acts an enormous impact on western culture. The influence of the Bible is world-wide. Its mighty power has affected every department of human activity. The contents of the Scriptures have supplied themes for the greatest poets, artists and musicians, and have been the mightiest factor of all in shaping the moral progress of the race. Let us consider a few examples of the Bible’s influence as displayed in the various realms of human enterprise. This article expounds the influence of the Bible on the English culture from several aspects.2. A general study of BibleKnowledge of the Bible is a prerequisite to understand English culture.What exactly Bible is?The explanation in the encyclopedia is “Bible, term used since the fourth century to denote the Christian Scriptures and later, by extension, those of various religious traditions. This article discusses the nature of religious scripture generally and the Christian Scriptures specifically, as well as the history of the translation of the Bible into English. For the composition and the canon of the Hebrew and Christian Bible, see Old Testament; New Testament; Apocrypha.”2.1 The history of how Bible createdChristianity started in the middle of the 1st century AD, it originated from the earliest religion which Hebrew established of the world—Judaism, the Christianity admitted and continued to use Judaism’s religion idea, and developed it on this foundation. Except accepting Jehovah as God, the Christianity also believes Savior is the name of God’s son, a name of Jesus Christ who was sent by God to save the people. Christians take the words recorded that how Christianity spread and develop into the New Testament. The combination of the New Testament and the scripture of Judaism” Old Testament” became the sacred writings of Christianity—“Holy Bible”. During 4th century AD, the Roman Empire’s Constantine made the Christianity as the nation’s religion, since that, Christianity started to spread all over the European area.Pope Damascus I assembled the first list of books of the Bible at the Council of Rome in 382 AD. He commissioned Saint Jerome to produce a reliable and consistent text by translating the original Greek and Hebrew texts into Latin. This translation became known as the Latin Vulgate Bible and in 1546 at the Council of Trent was declared by the Church to be the only authentic and official Bible in the Latin rite.2.2 The versions and translations of BibleThe Bible is often described as "the greatest book ever written." This is because of its unending significance and influence on people throughout the ages. No other book in history has impacted peoples and cultures like the Bible. So far, the Bible hasbeen translated into 2,018 languages and every year more copies of the Bible are sold than any other single book.In scholarly writing, ancient translations are frequently referred to as "versions," with the term "translation" being reserved for medieval or modern translations. Bible versions are discussed below, while Bible translations can be found on a separate page.The Christian Bible consists of the Hebrew Scriptures, which have been called the Old Testament, and some later writings known as the New Testament. The original texts of the Bible were in Hebrew, although some portions were in Aramaic. There are several different ancient versions of the Bible in Hebrew, mostly differing by spelling, and the traditional Jewish version is based on the version known as Old Testament. The primary biblical text for early Christians was the Septuagint. In addition, they translated the Hebrew Bible into several other languages. Translations were made into Syria, Coptic, Greek, Latin, and other languages. The Latin translations were historically the most important in the West, while the Greek-speaking Countries continued to use the Septuagint translations of the Old Testament and retain the New Testament.The earliest Latin translation was the Old Latin text, or Vetus Latin, which seems to have been made by several authors over a period of time. Bible translations for many languages have been made through the various influences of Catholicism, Orthodox, Protestant, especially since the Protestant Reformation. The Bible has seen a notably large number of English language translations. The work of Bibletranslation continues, including by Christian organizations such as Wycliffe Bible Translators, New Tribes Missions and the Bible Societies. Of the world's 6,900 languages, 2,400 have some or the entire Bible, 1,600 (spoken by more than a billion people) has translation underway.2.3 The main formations of BibleThe Bible as we know it today is divided into two main sections or collections of books called the Old Testament and the New Testament. The word 'testament' literally means ‘something that serves as proof or a personal wit ness either verbally or written’. So these testaments are the writings of people and the recordings of events that serve as proof. The climax or pinnacle of the Bible is Jesus - God's coming to earth as a man (incarnate). The Old Testament is the history of God's work through the nation of Israel (or the Hebrew people) to the world in preparation for Jesus. The New Testament is the witness of Jesus' coming life, teachings, work, and the ramifications of these to the people of that time and in the future till the end of time. The bible was written from 50 A.D. or so and was completed in the second century. The origins and formations of the Bible, Testaments, and books included are covered in detail in the specific Testament sections.The writers of the books of the Bible were just ordinary humans, but it is the historic Christian belief, that they wrote under the influence of the Holy Spirit, that is under 'inspiration'. This inspiration factor makes the Bible different from any other book that exists - past, present or future. It therefore bears unlimited importance for usto study and understand. Although many other books existed at that time，the Bible books were still the main choice of people . Persons spiritually guided by the Holy Spirit chose the book. This enabled them to choose what was spiritually true and what was false and therefore should or should not be included as 'scripture'. The collection of books recognized as authoritative and divinely inspired, were canonized. Canon is a Greek word which means rule or measuring line. The books that passed the canon were considered scripture. Other books that did not pass the canon, may be of interest to read, and suitable for learning, but are not regarded as on the same level as Biblical or 'canonical' books in that they carry no authority.3. The influence of Bible on English cultureWhen the Bible's influence is profound in a society, it will affect all aspects of that culture in a positive way. How we dress, what we eat, what music we listen to, and what we choose for entertainment, are all reflections of how strongly the Bible affects our lives. The idea of the Bible has become firmly established in western society today. This influence has been demonstrated in all aspects of their daily life.It is considered as an important source of western language culture as well as a classical religious masterpiece. Just like how Confucius’philosophy and works has affects Chinese’s ideas profoundly, the Bible is a foundation of ideas and principles upon which western society rests. For hundreds of years, the Bible has been penetrated deeply into western families’ daily life, and became the rules of people’s life. The Bible has shaped not only religious thought, but also politics, law, education,literature, culture, flavored English language with words and phrases etc. Indeed, for Americans of many denominations, the Bible was considered as the wellspring of national mythology, as the prevailing biblical stories and imagery spread with the change of time and circumstance.3.1 The influence of the Bible on CeremonyEnglish countries are Christian countries, both presidents and farmers go to the church every weekend. Almost all the important ceremony is held in a Christian way. It’s safe to say that all the ceremonies are originated from bible, Such as, wedding, funeral and so on. In many countries of the western world, newly-born babies usually received the baptism.The parents bring the babies to the church, or invite the pastors to their home, to hold a simple and solemn ceremony. After the pastor chanted the scripture of the Bible, he gently sprays water on the head of the baby, saying: “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and the son, and of the Holy Spirit”.3.1.1Wedding Ceremony:Weddings are treated as a big occasion. Bible reputes that marriage is an eternal relationship. In Bible it is described like this, “the Lord God said: ‘it is not good for the man to be alone I will make a suitable partner for him’”(Genesis 2:18). God thinks Adam is lonely when he was alone, so he took one of Adam’s ribs and creates Eva with it. Adam said: “This one, at last is bone of my bones, and fresh of my fresh.-(Genesis 2:23-24)”. Husband and wife is no longer two people, but one.Christianity holds that, marriage is matched by God, and marriage should be founded on the reverence of God. People should worship God in marriage and family life. Therefore, wedding is one of the most important ceremonies of English countries. So all close families and friends would be invited to the church to witness this stately moment. With the holy music going on, the bride in a long white wedding dress and white veil takes her father’s right arm walks to the altar. And the vicar asks her father: “Who gives this woman to this man?” Bride’s father gives her daughter’s right hand to the vicar, and then vicar give this hand to the groom.The vicar may say:“Bride/groom, are you here to ask Groom to be your partner, your lover, your friend and your husband/wife? Do you intend to give him your deepest friendship and love, not only when you are feeling bright and alive, but also when you are feeling down? Not only when you remember clearly that you are a manifestation of God, but even in those times when you forget? Do you announce before God and those here present that you will seek always to see the Light of Divinity within Groom/bride, and seek always to share the Light of Divinity within you?”The bride/groom may say: I do.The bride and groom say their vows and rings are exchanged. The vows always go like this:I, Groom, take you, Bride, to be my wife, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, or for worse, for richer, or for poorer, in sickness, and in health, to love and to honor and to cherish unconditionally. Forsaking all others, I will be faithful to you. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.Amen.The weddings always appear as the most complicated ceremony. There is often a party coming after the ceremony. People nowadays hire professional company to hold their weddings.3.1.2 The ceremony of Christian death and burialThe same as the funeral, it also has a strong Christian flavor. Christians believe that when someone dies, they are judged by God. The righteous go to Heaven and the sinners go to Hell. Christians believe that Hell is the separation from the love of God: “T hey shall suffer the punishment of eternal destruction and exclusion from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might, when he comes on that day to be glorified by his saints.2 Thessalonians 1:9-10”When a Christian dies, it is seen as the end of his/her life on earth. A funeral is held for friends and family to grieve for the person who died and give thanks for their life. If someone is on their deathbed, a minister will prepare them for death. This is most likely after a long period of illness. Prayers of preparation and reconciliation may be said, with only the minister in the room. Family and friends can participate in the Lord's Prayer, the Word of God and Holy Communion. Often, the funeral is held about a week after one’s death. It can either take place in a church or at a crematorium.The Gathering: the priest will open the service with this reading from thescriptures:'I am the resurrection and the life,' saith the Lord; 'he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die.'I know that my Redeemer liveth...Book of Common Prayer 1979’Readings and sermon: a psalm from the Bible is read out. It is often Psalm 23, 'The Lord is my Shepherd'. Verses from the Old or New Testament are also read.Personal readings: The priest will talk about the person who died. This can be quite a personal section, reflecting on the person's life and their role in the Christian church. A family member or friend may wish to read out a poem or a passage from the Bible.Prayers: prayers of thanksgiving, penitence and readiness for death are said.Reflection: Silent time for reflection. The congregation is given a minute to reflect on the deceased.Commendation and farewell: The priest speaks these words: "Let us commend (the person's name) to the mercy of God, our maker and redeemer." The priest then reads a prayer of entrusting and commending.The committal: this is probably the most solemn moment of the service. At a burial, this is when the coffin is lowered into the grave. At a cremation, the curtains are closed around the coffin. "We therefore commit (his or her) body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust; in the sure and certain hope of theResurrection to eternal life."There may also be a selection of hymns which are sung throughout the service.Some parishes still have space for burials. The burial follows a church service and the family and friends of the deceased gather round the grave for the Committal. It is tradition to throw some dust/mud onto the coffin. A short prayer will be said by the minister. For those who wish to be cremated, the body is taken to a crematorium, where it is burned. At the point of Committal, the curtains close around the coffin. The ashes are put into an urn and given to the family, who may choose to keep them or scatter them in a place that was meaningful to the deceased.3.2 The influence of the Bible on FestivalIn English countries, many festivals are closely related to Christianity. Easter and Christmas are the main religious festivals of the Christian Year. Most people in England celebrate Christmas and Easter. School children have two weeks off school during Christmas and Easter. Most of the festivals are come from the Bible and extensively affected by it.3.2.1 The influence of the Bible on SundayTake Sunday for example. As Sunday is the very common holiday that now it is spreading around the world. Sunday were mentioned many times in the Bible. Sunday is come from the Sabbath. In Hebrew, Sabbath means to rest. The Christians believe that: God has made people a promise of rest but it is up to people to claim it. In the Bible God tells people there are certain things they must do before they can enter His rest. The Sabbath days were just a shadow of our true rest, Jesus Christ. Only Christcan save our soul and give us rest.Jesus Christ has become our Sabbath and people can have a rest every weekend of the week if people want. People need to have faith, an open mind and work to get God’s rest. Read God's word and claim the promise of rest that God made to us. If you would like to set aside a day of the week to do this, there is nothing wrong with that. But remember that mankind gave the days of the week, not God. Also, with God a day is a thousand years, so saying a certain day is the Sabbath just doesn’t work. People use Sabbath as Sunday today.3.2.2 The influence of Bible on ChristmasSince about 400 AD, Christians have celebrated the birth of Jesus. 'Christ' means 'Messiah' or 'Anointed One' - the title given to Jesus - and 'Mass' was a religious festival. Christmas is a wonderful time of year. In many countries of the world, the celebration of Christmas on December 25th is a high point of the year. Christmas is a very special time for Christians, it is a time of celebration. According to the record of the Bible, Jesus is God’s son, he is given the birth by Saint Mary. For commemorating Jesus’birth, Christianity decided December 25th as the Christmas. Christmas is the biggest festival that all sorts of groups of Christianity celebrate. December 24th is called Christmas Eve. Christians hold the firmed belief that Christmas is the day that Christ was born. That’s how Christmas comes. But the real Christmas story is found in the Christian Bible. It is told in two different books: Matthew and Luke chapters 1 and 2.Christians believed that it was exactly God's plan that things happened in thisway. They say that it shows that Jesus came as a humble, poor person and not as a strong, rich king. They also claim that the birth of Jesus was told many years before the event was written in the books of the prophets. Five hundred years ago, the prophet Micah had said,"But you Bethlehem, though you are small, out of you will come for me, one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times."The prophet Isaiah had written,"A child is born to us! A son is given to us! And he will be our ruler. He will be called, "Wonderful Counsellor," "Mighty God," "Eternal Father," "Prince of Peace." His royal power will continue to grow; his kingdom will always be at peace. He will rule as King David's successor, basing his power on right and justice, from now until the end of time."These are only two of many prophetic words that told of the birth and life of Jesus, written hundreds of years before His birth.The prophet Isaiah had written, Herod, the evil king of the area, heard about the child, saw Him as a threat, and sent soldiers to kill Jesus. But God told Joseph in a dream to take Mary and the baby and escape to Egypt. They lived there till King Herod died and then went back to live in Nazareth. Jesus was indeed "the man born to die".In the West today, the real meaning of Christmas is often forgotten. It has become a non-religious holiday! More children believe in Father Christmas than in Jesus. Christmas Day is a time for eating and drinking too much and watchingtelevision. Most people in UK or Europe will not go to a religious church meeting, even at Christmas. It has become a busy race to spend money on presents, and get ready for the Day. In UK, our shops stay open till late Christmas Eve and often open again on Boxing Day with the cut-price 'sales'. (Not much holiday for the poor shop workers!) A visitor from another world would think that Christmas was a festival to the gods of money and shopping.How do they celebrate Christmas?From November onwards, it is impossible to forget that Christmas is coming. Coloured lights decorate many town centers and shops, along with shiny decorations, and artificial snow painted on shop windows. In streets and shops, 'Christmas trees' (real or plastic evergreen 'conifer' trees) will also be decorated with lights and Christmas ornaments. Shopping centers become busier as December approaches and often stay open till late. Shopping centre speaker systems will play Christmas 'carols' - the traditional Christmas Christian songs, Christians sing Christmas Carol to one and another family to proclaim the glad tidings that Jesus was born. People give present to each other and every family decorates a Christmas tree in their house. It is said that Santa Claus will monitor eight moose with plenty of gifts from north, climb down the chimney during the mid night, and put the gifts in every children’s stockings. Most places of work will hold a short Christmas party about a week before Christmas. There are many traditional Christmas foods that are available in the party, but which means little work will be done after the party!By mid-December, most homes will also be decorated with Christmas trees,coloured lights and paper or plastic decorations around the rooms. These days, many more people also decorate garden trees or house walls with coloured electric lights, a habit which has long been popular in USA.In many countries, most people post Christmas greeting cards to their friends and family, and these cards will be hung on the walls of their homes. In UK this year, the British Post Office expects to handle over 100 million cards EACH DAY, in the three weeks before Christmas.In English-speaking countries, the day following Christmas Day is called 'Boxing Day'. This word comes from the custom which started in the Middle Ages around 800 years ago: churches would open their 'alms boxe' (boxes in which people had placed gifts of money) and distribute the contents to poor people in the neighbourhood on the day after Christmas. The tradition continues today - small gifts are often given to delivery workers such as postal staff and children who deliver newspapers.3.2.3 The influence of Bible on EasterWhat is Easter?Easter is the time for holidays, festivals and a time for giving chocolate Easter eggs. But actually Easter means much more. Easter is the season in which Christians remember the death and resurrection of Jesus. Easter commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the oldest Christian festival, and the one celebrated with the greatest joy. It is the most important festival in the Christian year. Jesus' resurrectionis at the centre of the Christian faith. Jesus died for the sins of humanity and by coming back to life promises eternal life for all those who believe in him. The date of Easter changes each year, and several other Christian festivals fix their dates by reference to Easter. Churches are filled with flowers, and there are special hymns and songs. But not all Easter customs are Christian; some, such as the Easter Bunny, are Pagan in origin.The Easter story is at the heart of Christianity:On Good Friday, Jesus Christ was executed by crucifixion. His body was taken down from the cross, and buried in a cave.The tomb was guarded and an enormous stone was put over the entrance, so that no-one could steal the body.On the following Sunday, some women visited the grave and found that the stone had been moved, and that the tomb was empty.The remains of Jesus were seen that day and days afterwards by many people. Thus, his followers realized that God had raised Jesus from the dead.3.3 The influence of the Bible on Daily lifeThe Bible covers a wide range of people’s daily life. Its influence includes people’s name, laws, and even politics.3.3.1 The influence of Bible on naming names:Boys always named Abraham( the ancestry of Jew)、David (an hero of Jew)、Moses(prophet of Jew)、Joseph(Jesus’ father) or use the name of Jesus’ twelve disciple,like John、Peter、Thomas、Andrew and so on; girls always named as Mary(Jesus’mother)、Elizabeth(John’s mother)、Sarah(Abraham’s wife)、Ruth(King David’s mother). John was the most popular boy s’ name from 1880 (the earliest year my research could trace) through 1924. Mary was the most popular girls’ name from 1880 until 1947 (when it was knocked out by Linda, only to return in 1953 to hold the top spot until Lisa knocked it out again in 1962). In 1972 it fell out of the top ten and has never returned. In the early years of America, most children were named Jeremiah, Abigail, John, Josiah, Peter, Sarah, Paul, or Elizabeth. Today, many of these Bible names are making a comeback. In fact, of the top 50 names given to girls in America in 2005, 14 are Bible names. Of the top 50 names given to boys, 25 are Bible names. No matter in public or in family life, the Bible shows its unique function by its distinct symbolized meaning.3.3.2 The influence of Bible on Laws:On court, the judge demanded witness to hold the Bible to swear that every word he said is truth. In the United States there are laws that punish those who assault and rape women, those who would murder, those who would steal and lie. You may be surprised to know that the source of these laws came directly from the Bible and were given for the protection of society. Many of them can be found in the Old Testament book of Deuteronomy.Other examples of laws were taken directly from the Bible are our laws regarding bankruptcy, laws in our courts that demand witnesses to a crime before one can be convicted, and laws that demand just weights for commerce. The child laborlaws protect children from being exploited. Even our government Child Protection Agency was created to keep children from abuse. Although this agency goes to the extreme at times and shields a rebellious child that is lying, its original intent was to protect children from parental abuse. Our civil laws were established to keep order in our society, and because our founding fathers were Christians, they created a structure that was based on moral laws taken from the Bible.Many legal clauses are changed from the Ten Commandments of the Bible.3.4 The influence of Bible on American politicsThe Bible's continuing influence in twentieth-century American culture was particularly evident in American politics. When most of the Presidents assume the post, they all quote the sentences from the Bible to support their speech.So influential was the Bible in the formation of early American political thought and governance that hardly any of America’s founding fathers were silent on the importance of the Bible. Here’s a sampling of comments by the first seven men elected President of the United States.George Washington (1789-1797) was America’s first military and political leader. On June 15, 1775, George Washington was named by unanimous vote as permanent military leader of the colonies’ rag-tag armies. Later he was chosen as t his country’s founding president.America’s first hero said, “It is impossible to rightly govern the world without God and the Bible.”Washington used the Bible as the basis for governing America’s earliest days.Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams were appointed todraft a formal statement defining to reason for the colonies’ irrevocable separation from Great Britain. Jefferson claimed, “I have always said, I always say, that the studious perusal of the sacred volume will make better citizens, better fathers, and better husbands.”And on that basis, he drafted the Declaration of Independence. He also became the third U.S. President (1801-1809).James Madison, the fourth President of the United States (1809-1817), gave a speech to the General Assembly of the State of Virginia in 1778 in which he admitted, “We have staked the whole future of American civilization, not upon the power of government, far from it. We’ve staked the future of all our political institutions upon our capacity…to sustain ourselves according to the Ten Commandments of God.”watchful eye must be kept on ourselves lest, while we are building ideal monuments of renown and bliss here, we neglect to have our names enrolled in the Annals of Heaven.Andrew Jackson was the seventh U.S. President (1829-1837). His trust in the Bible spilled out almost every time he spoke. "Go to the Scriptures...the joyful promises it contains will be a balsam to all your troubles. That book is the rock on which our republic rests,” said Old Hickory. Just before he died, Jackson testified, “I am in the hands of a merciful God. I have full confidence in His goodness and mercy...The Bible is true. I have tried to conform to its spirit as near as possible. Upon that sacred volume I rest my hope for eternal salvation, through the merits and blood of our blessed Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ."These are not the words of professional politicians; they are the words of。
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标准文档 1. Introduction Idioms are thought of as the core and essence of language and culture. Any language which has a long history is abundant in idioms. Many of the words often contain enough philosophical and incisive theories for people to study and they become an important part of modern English (Zhang, 2009, p. 8). For example: “As a man sows, so he shall reap” can be translated into “种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”, “To strike while the iron is hot” is translated as “趁热打铁”, “A long road tests a horse ’s strength and a long task proves a man ’s heart ” can be translated into “路遥知马力, 日久见人心”. Nowadays, with the prospering of international communication, the activity of idiom translation has become especially frequent and important. However, idioms are strongly combined with specific culture, which often leads to great difficulty in translation. Thus, studying the relations between idioms and a few important cultural aspects such as historical backgrounds, geographical conditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc. will help us to understand the cultural elements in idioms.Since culture plays so important a role in intercultural communication, the cultural factors in different languages have been attracting more and more attention of linguistic scholars. In order to make intercultural communication more successful, many scholars have become interested in the study of cultural similarities and differences encoded in different languages. The study of cultural factors in different languages is of significance inintercultural communication as well as other disciplines such as linguistics, language acquisition, etc. This paper will expound the cultural differences between Chinese and English idioms and explore the role of culture plays in understanding of idioms. 2. T he c ultural b ackgrounds i n i diomsIdioms as a special form of language carry a large amount of cultural information. They are the heritage of history and the product of cultural evolvement. Generally speaking, Idioms 正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman加粗，标题在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行，只段后一行即可。
基督教英文简介 ppt课件
The main Christian festival:Easter
Easter is to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus, Easter usually in March 22 to April 25 , it is popular to eat Easter section of the egg to symbolize the resurrection and the life.
•With the betrayal of Judas , the Governor of Rome arrested the Jesus.
•Although Jesus didn’t do anything illegal, the Jewish priests demanded strongly to execute him. Finally, Jesus
Why did Jesus was crucified?
•Jewish belief in god, they don't allow anyone to blasphemy against god, and Jesus claiming to be the son of god, committed blasphemy. So the jews in order to maintain the status of the belief in people heart, will Jesus
The main Christian festival:Christmas Day
Christmas is the most important Christian festival, to celebrate the birth of Jesus,Scheduled December 25,and church will hold the Sunday night to celebrate the birth of Jesus on Christmas Eve.
英语国家概况英国部分答案
Chapter One1.Blank fillings:1)England;2)Ben Nevis;3)North Sea;4)Britain;5)British;6)cotton;7)agricultural;8)Iberians;9)Birmingham;10)Liverpool2.Questions:1)To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and of the English in particular, is"reserve".2)The reluctance to communicate with others tends to give the impression of coldness, and it istrue that the English (except perhaps in the North) are nor noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.3)The English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, often produces a sort of general air ofindifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand and irritating.4)Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a moredirect method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces. 5)Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some ofthe outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.3. T erms for explanation:1) Union Jack: flag of United Kingdom: the flag of the United Kingdom, which combines the flags of England, Scotland, and Ireland.2) Lake District: region of mountains and lakes in Cumbria, northwestern England. The district extends about 50 km/30 mi from north to south and 40 km/25 mi from east to west.3) The Bible: also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity.4) The Puritans: members of a group of Protestants in 16th- and 17th-century England and 17th-century America who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship.5) Great Charter: document sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215, in which he made a series of promises to his subjects that he would govern England and deal with his vassals according to the customs of feudal law (see Feudalism). Over the course of centuries, these promises have required governments in England (and in countries influenced by English tradition) to follow the law in dealing with their citizens.4. Analysis and comments:1) In the United Kingdom, the upper classes are the aristocracy and royalty, with wealth playing a less important role in class status. Many aristocratic peerages or titles have …seats‟ attached to them, with the holder of the title (e.g. Earl of Bristol) and his family being the custodians of the house, but not the owners. Many of these require high expenditures, so wealth is typically needed. Many aristocratic peerages and their homes are parts of estates, owned and run by the title holder with moneys generated by the land, rents, or other sources wealth. The middle class is the most contested of the three categories, the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the lower and upper classes. Lower class are those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security.2) It was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England. Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights. The charter is widely known throughout the English speaking world as an important part of the protracted historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in England and beyond.Chapter T wo1.Blank fillings:1)parliamentary democracy;2)the House of Commons, the House of Lords;3)the House of Commons;4)the Queen;5)executive;6)constitution;7)European Union (EU)；8)military equipment;9)The Lord Chancellor;10)proven guilty2.Questions:1)The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history andalso by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.2)The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The termwas first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.3)There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are thetwo biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern.But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power4)The House of Commons.5)The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party wouldbecome Prime Minister.3.T erms for explanation:1)Britain‟s legislature is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the kingin his constitutional role. The House of Commons has 651 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), who represent local constituencies. The center of parliamentary power is the House of Commons.2)The nonelected upper house of Parliament in the United Kingdom, made up of life peers,some hereditary peers, and some bishops.3)In British criminal trials the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Trials are inopen court and the accused is represented by a lawyer. Most cases are tried before layjustices sitting without a jury. The more serious cases are tried in the higher courts before a jury of 12 (15 in Scotland) which decides guilt or innocence.4)Actions brought to court are usually tried without a jury. Higher courts deal with morecomplicated civil cases. Most judgments are for sums of money, and the costs of an action are generally paid by the losing party.5)The Lord Chancellor is the head of the judiciary branch of government.4. Analysis and comments:1) Constitutional monarchy is a form of democratic government in which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state within the boundaries of a constitution, whether written or unwritten.[1] While the monarch may hold formal reserve powers and while government officially takes place in the monarch‟s name, they do not set public policy or choose political leaders. Political scientist V ernon Bogdanor, paraphrasing Thomas Macaulay, has defined a constitutional monarch as "a sovereign who reigns but does not rule." This form of government differs from absolute monarchy, in which the monarch controls political decision-making and is not effectively bound by a constitutional order.2) Debates can be witnessed very commonly in House of Commons. They take place sometimes in harmony, but more times in a very heated situation. Think about if the debates necessary in House of Commons.Chapter Three1.Blank fillings:1)Banking;2)Insurance;3)service;4)manufacturing;5)North Sea;6)Margaret Thatcher;7)military;8)1970s;9)London;10)service;11)electronics2.Questions:1)By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of theworld‟s manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.2)But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both theUnited States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.3)India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained itsindependence in 1947.4)This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with someindirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities.This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.5)While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories,by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.3.T erms for explanation:1)Conservative Party (Britain), oldest political party in the United Kingdom. The ConservativeParty evolved as the successor to the Tory Party in the 1830s. It is known in full as the Conservative and Unionist Party. The party‟s tenets of conservatism inclu de the continuance of monarchical parliamentary government. Until after the end of World War II in 1945 imperialism was also a major force in British conservatism. For decades Northern Ireland‟s major political party, the Ulster Unionist Organization, was an integral part of Britain‟s Conservative Party, but that relationship has eroded considerably. The Scottish Conservative and Unionist Association also is related to the larger unit but has a separate existence.2)Margaret Thatcher, born in 1925, British politician and the first woman to hold the office ofprime minister of the United Kingdom. The winner of three consecutive general elections, Thatcher served as prime minister from 1979 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century.3)The London Stock Exchange, one of the largest exchanges in the world, has always been afocus of international trade. In 1986 it was substantially deregulated, an event known as the Big Bang in financial circles. This led to the rapid expansion of products, markets, and numbers of employees, a movement that slowed in the early 1990s but has since rebounded.4)HSBC:HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial servicescompany headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom. It is one of the world‟s largest banks.5)Second Industrial Revolution: The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as theTechnological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World War I. It is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in the 1860s and culminated in early factory electrification, mass production and the production line.4. Analysis and comments:1) Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly.2) Based on the collection of history of two countries‟ economic development, a summary can be made.Chapter Four1.Blank fillings:1)owner occupation,2)semi-detached,3)Detached houses,4)Class,5)Christmas,6)Boxing Day,7)Easter egg,8)The Guardian,9)1400,10)The Broadcasting Act2.Questions:1)There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (orapartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”2)(Open ended)3)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper.And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain‟s most popular leisure activity.The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.4)British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differencesare reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.5)While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorshipand can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.3.T erms for explanation:1)Terraced houses: refer to those individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other ateach side in a terrace or row. They often have two rooms downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs, plus a small kitchen and bathroom in a projection(突出部分) at the back. These kinds of houses are most common in inner-city areas.2)Detached houses: the most desirable houses for the British people to live in. They usuallystand alone with garden on all sides separating them a little from their neighbours. It might be one-storey house, called bungalow or two. These houses are usually built in the suburban areas.3)The Christmas Pantomime: a typical British Christmas tradition. It is a comical musical playusually based on a popular traditional children‟s story. There are two ma in characters in the play: “the principal boy”, played by a young woman, and “the Dame”（滑稽老太婆角色）, played by a man. It is a play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children.4)Boxing Day: a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. People used togive Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on this day. And now they mostly do shopping, pay visits, enjoy eating or just relax.5)The Financial Times: The Financial Times (FT) is a British English-language internationaldaily newspaper with a special emphasis on business and economic news internationally. The paper, published by Pearson PLC in London, was founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, and merged with its closest rival, the Financial News (which had been founded in 1884) in 1945.4.Analysis and comments:1) The United Kingdom has one of the world‟s oldest established newspaper industries. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, as the British economy began to industrialise, as the democratic franchise was extended to larger segments of the population, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspapers began to appear. They began to influence British society and people‟s life. T ry to gather different types of newspaper and their functions as a further study.2) In cultural studies, media culture refers to the current western capitalist society that emerged and developed from the 20th century, under the influence of mass media. The term alludes to the overall impact and intellectual guidance exerted by the media (primarily TV, but also the press, radio and cinema), not only on public opinion but also on tastes and values.Chapter Five1. Blank fillings:1)Reading, Writing, Arithmetic2)A-level3)Flexibility4)Oxbridge5)glorious wit6)church7)math, physics, computer science and economics8)12th and 13th centuries9)Forty10)tutorial2.Questions:1)In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number ofstudents it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.2)The British education system is run by the state.3)Cambridge University and Oxford University.4)The goal of British education is to socialize children.5)(Open ended)3.T erms for explanation:1) middle-class man: The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic terms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what constitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures.2) “A-level”: A-level—is an academic qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the British Crown dependencies to students completing secondary or pre-university education.3) “Oxbridge”: Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and the term is used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status. "Oxbridge" can be used as a noun referring to either or both universities or as an adjective describing them or their students.4) working-class: The working class (or lower class, labouring class, sometimes proletariat) are those employed in lower tier, subordinate jobs. These typically include blue-collar jobs, but also include large amounts of white collar and service work.5) tutorial system: At Cambridge University and Oxford University, undergraduates are taught in the tutorial system. Students are taught by faculty fellows in groups of one to three on a weekly basis. At Cambridge, these are called "supervisions" and at Oxford they are called "tutorials." One benefit of the tutorial system is that students receive direct feedback on their weekly essays or work in a small discussion setting.4.Analysis and comments:1) There are advantages in attending schools abroad. Students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures. Students can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Students can learn foreign languages more quickly. However, there some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. Of course the costs are much.2) Knowledge/ Discipline/ hardworking/ creativity/ imagination/…。
塔纳赫简介
塔纳赫简介塔纳赫简介《塔纳赫》（Tanakh），也就是一般所谓的《希伯来圣经》（Hebrew Bible），分为「律法书」（Torah）、「先知书」（Nevi'im）、「圣卷」（Ketuvim）三部分，Tanakh一词即由这三部分的第一个字母组成。
《塔纳赫》亦有别的称呼，在拉比文献中被称作Ha-Sefarim（the books），另可被称作Sifrei Ha-Kodesh （the Holy Books）或Kitvei Ha-Kodesh （the Holy Writings ），偶尔也被称作Mikra （Proclamation），但犹太人并不接受「旧约」的称呼，尽管在内容上《塔纳赫》与基督宗教的《旧约》基本上是一样的。
《塔纳赫》由多部书卷组成，律法书的部分包括：〈创世纪〉、〈出谷纪〉、〈肋未纪〉、〈户籍纪〉、〈申命纪〉这五卷书，因此律法书也被称作「五经」（Pentateuch）。
先知书又分为前先知书与后先知书，前先知书包括：〈若苏厄书〉、〈民长纪〉、〈撒慕尔纪〉上下、〈列王纪〉上下；后先知书包括〈依撒意亚〉、〈耶肋米亚〉、〈厄则克尔〉、十二小先知书。
圣卷包括〈圣咏集〉、〈箴言〉、〈约伯传〉、五书卷、〈达尼尔〉、〈厄斯德拉〉、〈乃赫米雅〉、〈编年纪〉上下。
一、律法书在第1世纪，律法书就被写在一份长卷轴上，被视为一个整体。
对犹太人来说，律法书的地位高于《塔纳赫》的其他书卷，具有至高无上的权威。
律法书的作者传统上归于梅瑟，但近代的鉴别学挑战了这个看法。
无论如何，律法书的编纂与古代以色列人流亡巴比伦的历史经验与回归以色列地的渴望相关，以致于律法书屡屡呈现出「流亡——回归」的叙事结构。
〈创世纪〉是一本关于「起源」的书，在古代近东文化中，事物的起源标志出事物的性质与目的，〈创世纪〉论及自然的起源、文明的起源、以及以色列的起源，但未论及天主的起源，因为天主自己就是万物的起源。
〈创世纪〉多元叙事的文体特征突显出古代希伯来信仰的宗教意义首先来自于与天主相遇的活生生经验，其核心关切是神人经验的可能性、而非叙事的准确性，这也引发对经文诠释多样性的追求，此一追求后来亦成为拉比文献的基本特征。
纳撒尼尔·霍桑作品《拉帕齐尼的女儿》与圣经的联系
纳撒尼尔·霍桑作品《拉帕齐尼的女儿》与圣经的联系发布时间：2021-04-22T10:36:23.800Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2021年第3期作者：卿瑜[导读] 纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国文学史上具有代表性的浪漫主义小说家卿瑜重庆工业职业技术学院ABSTRACT: Nathaniel Hawthorne was a representative romantic writer in the 19th century American literature, who was praised as “the first great novelist of American nation.” He was greatly affected by Calvinism believed that the “ Original Sin” was the source of evil. In his story Rappaccini’s Daughter, he exquisitely displayed his idea about evil in human nature. Also, many Biblical Similarities can be found in the story. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, compare, and discuss the story in order to find its close ties with the Holy Bible.KEY WORDS: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Original Sin, evil, Holy Bible摘要: 纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国文学史上具有代表性的浪漫主义小说家。
人们称赞他为“美国第一位伟大的小说家。
” 霍桑深受加尔文主义的影响认为“原罪”是人类恶性的根源。
震惊世界的审判The Trail That Rocked the World
I want you to be at hand / near during my interview with the boss of the company.
III. Background Knowledge:
Christianity:
Roman Catholic Protestant Orthodox Eastern Church
Trinity:
the Holy Father, the Holy Son and the Holy Spirit/Ghost, with Jesus Christ as its incarnation.
They
VI. Detailed Study:
He
resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting.
to the four cardinal / fundamental principles
adhere
VI. Detailed Study:
VI. Detailed Study:
cf: FORBID is more direct and familiar, while PROHIBIT is more formal or official; they do not widely differ in their essential implications. to forbid a child to leave the house
VI. Detailed Study:
Bible 介绍
礼拜视频1./v_show/id_XMTE0NzU3MDg4.html2./v_show/id_XMzMxNTM0NTU2.html相关词汇：PriestChristianity 基督教<P>Christendom 基督教界<P>Catholicism 天主教<P>Protestantism 新教,耶稣教<P>Reformation 宗教改革<P>Lutheranism 路德宗,信义宗<P>Calvinism 加尔文宗,长老宗<P>Anabaptism 再洗礼派<P>Methodism 卫斯理宗,卫理公会<P>Puritanism 清教主义<P>Quakerism 贵格会<P>Judaism 犹太教<P>Islamism 伊斯兰教<P>Brahmanism, Brahminism 婆罗门教<P>Buddhism 佛教<P>Daoism 道教<P>paganism 异端<P>fetishism 拜物教<P>faith 信仰<P>worship, adoration 崇拜<P>devotion, devoutness 朝拜<P>piety 虔诚<P>prayer 祈祷<P>invocation 祈求<P>offering 布施<P>fervour 热情(美作:fervor)<P>mysticlsm 神秘主义<P>contemplation 默祷<P>blessedness福音<P>ecstasy 销魂<P>temptation 邪念,诱惑<P>blasphemy, profanation 亵渎<P>sacrilege 亵渎神明<P>anathema 革除教门<P>impiety 不虔诚,不敬神<P>lack of faith 不信教,不信神<P>atheism 无神论<P>conversion 改宗<P>the Bible 圣经<P>the Old Testament 旧约<P>the New Testament 新约<P>the Gospel 福音<P>the Koran 古兰经<P>the T almud 犹太法典<P>abbey 大修道院,大教堂<P>basilica 大教堂<P>cathedral 教堂,主教座堂<P>church 教堂,礼拜堂<P>chapel 小教堂<P>synagogue 犹太教堂<P>collegiate church 牧师会主持的教堂<P>nave 教堂中殿<P>transept 教堂的十字型翼部<P>temple 庙宇<P>sanctuary 圣所,神殿<P>convent 女修道院<P>monastery, cloister 修道院<P>mosque 清真寺<P>hermitage 偏僻的寺院<P>high altar 祭坛<P>pagoda 塔,佛塔<P>choir唱诗班<P>cross 十字架<P>icon 圣像<P>monstrance 圣体匣<P>tabernacle 圣体龛<P>ciborium, pyx 圣体容器,圣饼盒<P>chalice 圣杯<P>font 洗礼池<P>holy-water basin 圣水池<P>aspergillum 圣水掸酒器<P>censer, thurible 香炉<P>pulpit 讲道台<P>stained glass window 彩色玻璃窗<P>rose window 圆花窗<P>fresco 壁画<P>mass 弥撒<P>High Mass 大弥撒<P>sung mass 唱诗弥撒<P>Low Mass 诵经弥撒<P>vespers 夕祷<P>litany 连祷<P>sermon 讲经<P>psalm 圣诗<P>canticle 赞美诗<P>Via Crucis, Way of the Cross 十字架路,耶稣赴难路<P>procession 宗教游行<P>Rosary 念珠宗教起源/s/blog_5474a9610100napw.html世界文明起源于公元前3500年左右，大约1000年的时间，文明局限在两河流域和尼罗河流域。
《出埃及记》 .ppt
圣经· 旧约
出埃及记
*Holy Bible - Old Testament - Exodus
• 贰肆eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying anything. • 叁If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him.
圣经· 旧约
出埃及记
*Holy Bible - Old Testament - Exodus
• 贰柒And if he knocks out the tooth of a manservant or maidservant, he must let the servant go free to compensate for the tooth.
圣经· 旧约
出埃及记
*Holy Bible - Old Testament - Exodus
• Exodus 出埃及记 Unit贰壹 • 壹"These are the laws you are to set
before them: • 贰"If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is
圣经· 旧约
出埃及记
Holy Bible中含有——神迹83
在埃及地显神迹奇事、直到今日在以色列和别人中间也是如此、使自己得了名声、正如今日一样。
耶32:21
用神迹奇事、和大能的手、并伸出来的膀臂、与大可畏的事、领你的百姓以色列出了埃及、
但4:2
我乐意将至高的 神向我所行的神迹奇事、宣扬出来．
但4:3
他的神迹何其大、他的奇事何其盛、他的国是永远的、他的权柄存到万代。
路11:16
又有人试探耶稣、向他求从天上来的神迹。
路11:29
当众人聚集的时候、耶稣开讲说、这世代是一个邪恶的世代．他们求看神迹、除了约拿的神迹以外、再没有神迹给他们看。
路11:30
约拿怎样为尼尼微人成了神迹、人子也要照样为这世代的人成了神迹。
路21:11
地要大大震动、多处必有饥荒瘟疫．又有可怕的异象、和大神迹、从天上显现。
太16:3
早晨天发红、又发黑、你们就说、今日必有风雨。你们知道分辨天上的气色、倒不能分辨这时候的神迹。
太16:4
一个邪恶淫乱的世代求神迹、除了约拿的神迹以外、再没有神迹给他看．耶稣就离开他们去了。
太24:24
因为假基督、假先知、将要起来、显大神迹、大奇事．倘若能行、连选民也就迷惑了。
可8:11
法利赛人出来盘问耶稣、求他从天上显个神迹给他们看、想要试探他。
书24:17
因耶和华我们的 神、曾将我们和我们列祖从埃及地的为奴之家领出来、在我们眼前行了那些大神迹、在我们所行的道上、所经过的诸国、都保护了我们。
尼9:10
就施行神迹奇事、在法老和他一切臣仆、并他国中的众民身上．你也得了名声、正如今日一样．因为你知道他们向我们列祖行事狂傲。
诗65:8
住在地极的人、因你的神迹惧怕．你使日出日落之地都欢呼。
基督教英文简介
•With the betrayal of Judas , the Governor of Rome arrested the Jesus.
•Although Jesus didn’t do anything illegal, the Jewish priests demanded strongly to execute him. Finally, Jesus died on the cross innocently for our sin.
•Jesus's behavior has been greatly affected the interests of Jewish priests in Rome, So they wanna to kill him.
• The last supper
•
Jesus and his twelve disciples to dinner, and then Judas, one of his disciples betrayed him, so this is that they ate the last dinner.
The main Christian festival:Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving Day is the American Christian custom.The fourth Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day. The church will hold the Thanksgiving worship on this day, the family also hold gatherings and usually ate turkey, etc.