Thomas Griffith 介绍

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Loving and Hating New York

The Passage

Expository writing Central theme: 1st sentence of the last paragraph (Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day.) 1st five paragraphs: general introduction – the present status of NY city in the US and in the eyes of foreigners (1) NY has fallen. (Para. 1) (2) NY isn‟t the top anymore (3) NY isn‟t a pacesetter anymore (Para. 2) (4) NY isn‟t a “good” city. (5) Appeal of NY: charged, nervous atmosphere, vulgar dynamism
Detailed Study

NBC Symphony Orchestra (Para. 3, Line 5): a radio orchestra established by David Sarnoff of the National Broadcasting Company especially for conductor Arturo Toscanini. The NBC Symphony performed weekly radio concert broadcasts with Toscanini and other conductors and served as house orchestra for the network, beginning November 13, 1937 and continuing until 1954. sitcoms (Para. 3, Line 6): Radio or television comedy series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of episodes. Often the characters are markedly different types thrown together by circumstance and occupying a shared environment such as an apartment building or workplace. Typically half an hour in length and either taped in front of a studio audience or employing canned applause, they are marked by verbal sparring and rapidly resolved conflicts.

loving and hating New York

Loving and Hating New York---Thomas Griffith第六组：付佳子邹佳秀蒋媛芝姚依婷马骏Thomas Griffith (1915—2002)♦American writer and editor ;press columnist, Timemagazine;staff contributor, Fortunemagazine;Columnist, Atlantic Monthly.♦He is an uprooted westernerwho now calls New York home.“If you love him, bring him to New York, for it’s Heaven.”“If you hate him, bring him to New York, for it’s Hell.”Heaven? New YorkHell?HeavenGeographical Information New York City is located in the Eastern Atlantic coast of the United States, at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, helping the city grow in significance as a trading port.＊New York--official name City of New York and often called New York City.＊It has a significant impact on global commerce,finance,media,culture,art,fashion,research ,education,and entertainment.＊The United Nation's headquarters is in New York, giving some credence to the city's self-designation as "capital of the world."The History of New York The Birth of New York(prehistory to 1664) Colonization and RevolutionThe early federal Tammany hall and consolidation period Entering 20st century(1898-1945)After World War Two(1946-1977)After 1978The Birth of New YorkIn 1602,Dutch came tonorth AmericaIn 1610,manyDutch settled inNew York ,renamed it “NewNederlandIn1626,"Manhattanevent ". Dutchgained itsownership andrenamed it NewAmsterdam.In 1651,warbetweenBritish and theNetherlandsIn 1664, British defeated the Netherlands, New Nederland renamed New York and became Britishcolony.Colonization and Revolution In 1773, The Boston Tea Party led to the War of independence.New York Cityand thesurrounding areas aredeveloped, the localPeople'sawareness of issuesconcerningautonomous(自治的).On 4th July , 1774,the US declared Declaration ofIndependence In 1781,Britis h and America signed “Treaty of Paris ”. New York returned to America .1788•On Sept 13, 1788, New York City became the temporary capital city until 1790.1825•In 1825,with the opening of Erie Canal, New York city gradually developed into the economic center , and more and more Irish immigrated into New York.1854•In 1854,Fernando Wood was elected as the Mayor of New York .•The political machine of U.S. Democratic Party --Tammany Hall’s influence peaked.Consolidation period •After the American Civil War, the United States entered the Gilded Age (1878-1889), New York City's upper class accumulated amounts of wealth, and New York became the influx of poor immigrants. Meanwhile, the five boroughs of New York gradually developed and matured.Entering 20st century(1898-1945)•In 1898, the modern New York City shaped.（five boroughs）•In 1904,the New York subway opened which connected five districts. waves of immigration from Europe peaked.•In the 1920s, a large number of African-Americans migrated from the southern United States to New York and theNortheast and Midwest City.•In early Prohibition period (1919-1933), New York showed peacefulness atmosphere and began to appear skyscrapers.•By 1929, the global economy into the Great Depression, New York City suffer greatly.After World War Two(1946-1977)Shortly after the end of World War II, the United States is almost unaffected, New York City was the world's leadingcities.However, as thepopulation peaked in1950, New York Citywas indeclining .Industry andcommerce was into thetransition of theexpansion to thesuburbs .In the 1970s The crimerate rose to crisisproportionsAfter 1978In the 1980s, New York developed stably, and no ups anddowns.Immediately prior to the 1990s, the economy rapidlydeveloped again.1980s, ethnic conflicts was quite serious, but recentlyimproved significantly. The crime rate fell sharply.In 2000, the population of New York City for the first timeexceeded 800 million.The Statue of Liberty“The Statue of LibertyEnlightening the World(照耀世界的自由女神)”＊It is the symbol offreedom.It stands at theentrance to N.Y. Harbor.＊A gift to the United Statesfrom the people of France＊A welcoming signal toimmigrants arriving fromabroad.Ellis Island ＊Ellis Island is a symbol ofAmerica’s immigrant heritage.In upper New York Bay,it wasthe gateway for millions ofimmigrants to the United Statesas the nation's busiest immigrantinspection station from 1892 until1954..＊Nearly twelve millionpeople landed here intheir search of freedom ofspeech and religion,andfor economic opportunity.Nationality$•Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States. •More than 12 million European immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side.•There are five ethnic groups---black, Irish, Italian, Jewish, and Puerto Rican making up about 80 percent of N.Y.C.’s people.$ Reasons•1)Many are attracted by the city’s job opportunities.•2)Other people come to attend the city’s schools and colleges or to enjoy its many cultural activities.•3)Still others come simply because they want to be a part of a large, exciting city.Big Apple---the nickname for New YorkCity•This name camefrom the 20's and30's when musicianshad an expressionfor playing in smalltown gigs. It wasthat 'there aremany apples on thetree but when youpick New York Cityyou picked the BigApple.'Five Boroughs$Manhattan Manhattan was bought by a Dutch from the Indian indigenous土著(About 24 dollar). It is one of the most prosperous islands in the world.•Manhattan is the financial and commercial center of New YorkCity.Many large banks, exchanges and large monopolies垄断公司are gathering in the center of Wall Street,the southern of Manhattan.Statue of LibertyEllis LslandCentral ParkWall StreetGreenwich VillageBroadwayFifth Ave Madison AveTimes SquareWall Street is the financial district of New York City.译：是上市公司总市值第一（2009年数据），IPO 数量及市值第一（2009年数据），交易量第二（2008年数据）的交易所。

电影发展史介绍资料

葛丽泰·嘉宝 Greta Garbo 1905-1990年
葛丽娅·嘉逊 Greer Garson 1908-1955
明星制部分女演员费雯· 丽、英格丽· 褒曼、奥黛丽· 赫本
费雯丽 Vivien Leigh (1913 —1967)
英格丽·褒曼 Ingrid Bergman (1915 — 1982)
《黄金时代》是从参战者带着战争中生理和心理的损伤回归和平生活的侧面来反思战争的。它不仅丰富了电影创作的形式，而且引起的心理和感情震撼，比直接描写战争更理性、更强烈。因而今天的好莱坞依然喜欢模仿和抄袭之。
1946年
在麦卡锡主义喧嚣尘上的时候，拍摄《正午》这样努力保持人格完整、尊重自我的荧幕形象，是需要勇气的。导演弗莱德·齐纳曼与影片中的主角多恩一样，被迫流放英国。
谢尔盖· 爱森斯坦是苏联国立电影学院的教授，是世界蒙太奇理论的鼻祖(montage ideas) 。他的代表作《波坦金战舰》中的 “ 敖德萨阶梯” ,运用了多种蒙太奇手法，被认为是完美的蒙太奇。
1925年前苏联制作出品
《波坦金战舰》有谢尔盖· 爱森斯坦编剧，格里高力·阿莱克桑德夫和谢尔盖·爱森斯坦共同导演，谢尔盖·爱森斯坦剪辑。有亚历山大·安东诺夫、沃莱德米尔·巴斯基、格里高力·阿莱克桑德夫等主演。
凯瑟琳·赫本 Katharine Hephburn （1907—2000）
伊丽莎白·泰勒 Elizabeth Taylor （1932—2003）
奥黛丽·赫本 Audrey Hepburn （1929—1993）
玛丽琏·梦露 Marliyn Monroe （1926—1962）
三、好莱坞的“类型片”策略

新闻的名人名言有哪些(精选2篇)

新闻的名人名言有哪些(精选2篇)新闻的名人名言有哪些「篇一」摘要：名人的言论常常具有深远的影响力，新闻领域也不例外。

本文将列举不少于20句新闻名人名言，这些言辞既鼓舞人心，又具有启示和反思的作用，可以帮助人们更好地理解和关注新闻事件。

正文:1. "新闻是历史的第一草稿。

" - 瑞克·艾伯特2. "新闻就是把他们不想你知道的事情告诉你的方式。

其他的东西只是宣传。

" - 乔治·奥威尔3. "新闻的价值，不取决于是什么样的人做的新闻，而是取决于这条新闻是真实的还是虚假的。

" - 汤姆·斯托普尔4. "新闻就是当你把灯打开，老鼠开始活动的时候。

" - 亨特·S·汤普森5. "新闻是造成不告能够造成社会统一的东西。

" - 纪德·哈利斯·奥尔金6. "新闻是第一历史草稿。

" - 本杰明·布拉德利·温克斯7. "新闻不能改变世界，但可以揭示世界。

" - 雷切尔·卡森8. "新闻是受压抑声音的嗓音。

" - 杰西·杰克逊9. "新闻无处不在，它只是需要一个正直的心灵去理解它。

" - 约瑟夫·雷德尔10. "新闻是帝国最后的说法。

" - 哈丽雅·道格拉斯11. "新闻是构建民主的一个重要组成部分。

" - 约瑟夫·斯图尔特锡兹克斯12. "新闻是社会行动的第一个启发者。

" - 汤普森·夏图尔13. "新闻是小人物唯一能干扰大人物的方式。

" - 埃马纽埃尔·纽曼14. "新闻是对民主所需的药剂。

" - 约瑟夫·佩伦斯15. "新闻是通过传递现实来创造历史的过程。

Loving-and-Hating-New-York

15
New York City
Yesterday Top, highest, biggest Leading city sets styles and trends of nation Undisputed fashion authority
Looked up to and imitated
Today isn’t any more out of phase with ______ as out of step with
Feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger
bush 灌木丛，小镇
rustic, belonging to small towns
14
Para.2-3 New York
Yesterday & Today
Nizan's views were out of phase with the political climate of the time.
17
undisputed:
known to be definitely true; accepted by everyone Doctors found undisputed evidence of nerve damage. undisputed leader/champion/master etc the undisputed world heavyweight champion
7
Paras 6-21: the body part
both objectively and emotionally describing NY and the life and struggle of New Yorkers.

高级英语第二册第十四课学习辅导资料

paigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,”are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the m ighty has fallen. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragg ing w as “bush” Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to assert how special it was.’t the top anym ore, at least if the top is m easured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step with Am erican politics. Once it was the nation’s undisputed fashion authority, but it too long resisted the incom ing casual style and lost its m onopoly. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing Am erican trends, a place to escape Comm on Denom inator Land.ore and m ore evident. A dozen other cities have buildings m ore inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBCSym phony once played now sit empty m ost of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preem pt the airways from California. Tin Pan Alley has m oved to Nashville and Hollywood. Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sum s to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. In sports, the bigger superdom es, the m ore exciting teams, them ost enthusiastic fans, are often found elsewhere.–being regarded as unfriendly, unsafe, overcrowded, and expensive –but it is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction. Even so, m ost Americans would probably rate New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington, or Disneyland higher. A dozen other cities, including m yhom etown of Seattle, are widely considered better cities to live in.any Europeans call New York their favorite city? They take m ore readily than do m ost Americans to its cosm opolitan com plexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures. Perhaps som e of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international nam es – the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich. But no; what m ost excites Europeans is the city’s charged, nervous atm osphere, its vulgar dynam ism .share of articulate losers, it is also about m ockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.e. And though I have lived there m ore than half m y life, you won’t find m e wearing an “I Love New York”T-shirt. But all in all, I can’t think of m any places in the world I’d rather live. It’s not easy to define why.’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. You never see a star-filledsky; the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens. Sunsets can be spectacular: oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey m eadows and gaudily reflected in a thousand windows on Manha ttan’s jagged skyline. Nature constantly yields to m an in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cem ent and petrol fum es. Central Park, which Frederick Law Olm sted designed as lungs for the city’s poor, i s in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer pristine yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people, largely youths, blacks, and Puerto Ricans, enjoying them selves. On park benches sit older people,m ostly white, looking displaced. It has becom e less a tranquil park than an untidy carnival.our of the city, which never beckoned to m e from a distance, but itsopportunity –to practice the kind of journalism I wanted –drew me to New York. I wasn’t even sure how I’d m easure up against others who had been m ore soundly educated at Ivy League schools, or whether I could com pete against that tough local breed, those intellectual sons of immigrants, so highly m otivated and single-minded, such as Alfred Kazin, who for div ersion (for heaven’t sake!) played Bach’s Unaccompanied Partitas on the violin.ost banal and m arketable of one’s talents, still draws m any of the young to New York. That and, as always, the com pany of others fleeing som ething constricting where they cam e from. Together these young share a freedom, a community of inexpensive am usements, a casualliving, and som e rough tim es. It can’t be the living conditions that appeal, for only fond mem ory will forgive the inconvenience, risk, and squalor. Comm ercial Broadway m ay be inaccessible to them, but there is off- Broadway, and then off-off-Broadway. If painters disdain Madison Avenue’s plush art galleries, Madison Avenue dealers set up shop in the grubby precincts of Soho. But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated. The artistic young inhabit the sam e Greenwich Village and its fringes in which the experim entalists in the arts lived during the Depression, united by a world against them. But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses. And it is not all that estranged.ost respects from mainland America, but in two areas it remains dominant. It is the banking and the comm unications headquarters for America. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. Wall Street will advance the m illions to m ake a Hollywood m ovie only if convinced that a bestselling title o r a star name will ensure its success. The networks’ news centers are here, and the largest book publishers, and the biggest m agazines – and therefore the largest body of critics to appraise the films, the plays, the m usic, the books that others have created. New York is a judging town, and often invokes standards that the rest of the country deplores or ignores. A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.arkets and devising the catchy jingles that will m ove m illions from McDonald’s to Burger king, so that the adagency’s “creative director”can lunch instead in Manhattan’s expense-account French restaurants. The bankers and the admen. The m arketing specialists and a thousand well-paid ancillary service people, really set the city’s brittle tone— catering to a wide American public whose num bers m ust be respected but whose tastes do not have to shared. The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers— as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.surprised by the lack of cynicism, particularly am ong the younger ones, of those who work in such fields. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delights in much of it, and has no scruples about practicing it. Men and wom an do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bom bed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it. They lead their real lives elsewhere, in the Village bars they are indistinguishable in dress or behavior from would-be artists, actors, and writers. The boundaries of “art for art’s sake” aren’t so rigid anym ore; art itself is less sharply defined, and those whose paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’ get acting jobs do comm ercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the m agazines. Besides, serious art often feeds in the popular these days, changing it with fond irony.e the newcom ers find or from their won worlds; Manhatten is m any such words, huddled together but rarely interaction. I think this is what gives the city itssense of freedom. There are enough like you, whatever you are. And it isn’t asnecessary to know anything about an apartm ent neighbor- or to worry about his judgm ent of you- as it is about som eone with an adjoining yard. In New York, like seeks like, and by econom y of effort excludes the rest as stranger. This distancing, this uncaring in ordinary encounters, has another side: in no other Am erican city can the lonely be as lonely.uch m ore needs to be said. New Your is a wounded city, declining in its am enities . Overloaded by its tax burdens. But it is not dying city; the streets are safer than they were five years age; Broadway, which seem ed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again.enace, the noise, the brusqueness- all confirm outsiders in their conviction that they wouldn’t live here if you gave them the place. Yet show a New Yorker a splendid hom e in Dallas, or a swimming pool and cabana in Beverly Hills, and he will be admiring but not envious. So m uch of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. Too static, the New Yorker would say. Tell him about the vigor of your outdoor pleasures; he prefers the unhealthy hassle andthe vitality of urban life. He is hopelessly provincial. To him New York- despite its faults,which her will impat iently concede (“so what else is new?”) — is the spoiler of all other American cities.erican cities to visit first-rate art m useum s, to hear good m usic and see lively experim ental theater, to m eet intelligent and sophisticated people who know how to live, dine, and talk well; and to enjoy all this in congenial and spacious surroundings. The New Yorkers still wouldn’t want to live there.issing is what m any outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York –its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracingcom petitiveness; the rigor of its judgm ents; and the congested, dem ocratic presence of so m any other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds, the defeated are not hidden away som ewhere else on the wrong side of town. In the subways, in the buses, in the streets, it is impossible to avoid people whose lives are harder than yours. With the desperate, the ill, the fatigued, the overwhelm ed, one learns not to strike upcon versation (which isn’t wanted ) but to m ake brief, sy m pathetic eye contact, to include them in the hum an race. It isn’t m uch, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each jealous of his privacy in the crowd. Ever helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt: a m an, rushing the traffic light, shouts the m an behind him. “ You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?” — great scorn in the word Jersey, hom e of drivers who don’t belong here.’s definition, New York is m ongrel city. It is in fact the first truly international m etropolis. No other great city- not London, Paris, Rom e or Tokyo- plays host (or hostage) to so m any nationalities. The m ix is m uch wider- Asians, Africans, Latins - that when that tumultuous variety of European crowded ashore at Ellis Island.The newcom ers are never fully absorbed, but are added precariously to the undigested many.20 New York is too big to be dom inated by any group, by Wasps or Jews or blacks, or by Catholics of m any origins —Irish, Italian, Hispanic. All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be reckoned with and tough in asserting their claim s, but none is powerful enough to subdue the others. Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable m ixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical. But New Yorkers them selves are in training in how to live together in a diversity of races- the necessary initiation into the future.education in sights and sm ells. There is wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the m ost successful of such places are likely to touristy hybridcom prom ises, they too have genuine roots. Other Am erican cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an adm ixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions . In the sam e way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and m ean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and m usic. The com bination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that som etimes becom es a real toleration.es a m atter of alternating m oods, often inthe sam e day. The place constantly exasperates , at times exhilarates . To m e it is the city of unavoidable experience. Living there, one has the reassurance of steadily confronting life.(from the Atlantic, Sept. 1978)NOTES1. Griffith: Thom as Griffith (1915--), Am erican writer and editor. Since 1974 he has been press colum nist, Time magazine; staff contributor, For-tune magazine; colum nist, Atlantic Monthly. He is an uprooted westerner who now calls New York hom e. Publications: The Waist-High Culture; How True? --A Sceptic 's Guide to Believing the News.2. the Big Apple: any large city; specifically New York City3. bush: rustic, countrified, belonging to sm all towns4. Comm on Denom inator Land: uniformity, comm onness, sam eness, the m onotonous, the hum drum5. sitcom s: situation com edies; a radio or television series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of unconnected episodes6. cloned: grown like a clone, all the descendants being derived asexually from a single individual. Cloned and canned: produced and packed, all ready for immediate consum ption (showing).7. Johnny Carson: a m an who runs a late night talk show8. Nashville: Capital of Tennessee State, center of rock-and-roll9. Vegas: sam e as Las Vegas. See text I, exercise I.10. superdom es: extra big sport stadiums11. convention city: city where conventions (assem blies of m embers or delegates of a political, social, professional, or religious group) are regularly held.12. Madison: Madison Avenue13. Fifth: Fifth Avenue, fam ous for fashionable shops14. Whaddya gonna do?: What are you going to do? Connoting a cool lack of concern; indifference; nonchalance.15. Jersey: Jersey City16. Ivy League schools: referring to prominent north-eastern universities in the U.S., such as, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Colum bia and others. It connotes a certain degree of wealth, sophistication, re finem ent, social prominence, and the like.17. Kazin: Alfred Kazin (1915)), Am erican critic. Publications: On Native Grounds ; The Inm ost Leaf; Contemporaries ; and Bright Book of Life.18. Commercial Broadway: The New York comm ercial theater or entertainment industry19.off-off-Broadway: an avant-garde theatrical m ovem ent in New York that stresses untraditional techniques and radical experim entation. Its relation to off-Broadway being analogous to the relation of off-Broadway to Broadway.20. Soho: a district in New York. By the early 1970s the artist colony had shift- ed from Greenwich Village to Soho.21. best-selling title: title of best-selling books22. star nam e: nam e of star actor or actress23. networks: radio and television networks24. McDonald's : McDonald' s chain restaurant selling hamburger25. Burger King: a chain restaurant whose specialty is hamburger26. lunch in expense-account French restaurants: to lunch in expensive French restaurants with the bill being paid by the com pany or em ployer27. hype: extravagant prom otional advertising28. popular: pop art; a realistic art style, using techniques and popular subjects adapted from commercial art and the mass communications m edia29. Beverly Hills: city in California, surrounded by Los Angeles, fam ous for luxurious hom es of rich Hollywood actors and actresses30. So what else is new?: there is nothing new in what you say; connoting the listener is not im pressed nor interested31. You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?: Do you want to be knocked down by a car carrying a Jersey license plate? Connoting that the m an should have som e pride in being a New Yorker and not let him self be run over by a car from Jersey.32. touristy hybrid com prom ises: a m ixture of different racial characteristics which attracts tourists33. ethnic turfs: districts or areas inhabited by foreign-born Am ericansAims1)Im proving students’ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students’ability to m ake a creative reading;3)Enhancing students’ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives;4)Helping students to understand som e difficult words and expressions;5)Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;6)Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.Teaching Contents1)Background Knowledge2)Exposition3)Detailed Study of the Essay4)Organization Pattern5)Style and Language Features6)Special Difficulties课文讲解部分1. Background Knowledge1) About the author Thom as Griffith2) About New York City2. Exposition/~arnetha/expowrite/info.html3. Detailed study on Loving and hating New YorkPara.1-5 General introduction — setting forth the present status of New York in the United States and in the eye’s of foreignersTask: Collect evidence to show that “ How the m ighty has fallen.”New York = Big Apple = Mighty—Advertising campaigns publicly praise New York;—Many New Yorkers wear T-shirts with a heart design and the works “ I love New York”—New York is trying desperately to regain her lost prestige and status.Para.2-3: New York: Yesterday & TodayNew York CityYesterday TodayTop, highest, biggest isn’t any m oreLeading city sets styles and trends of nation out of phase with ______ as out of step withUndisputed fashion authority lost its undisputed leadershipLooked up to and im itated no longer so“Nowadays New York is out of phase with Am erican taste “—Nowadays New York connot understand nor follow the taste of the Am erican people and is often in disagreem ent with American politics.“No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends” —Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority, it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and comm onness.Question:1) From where we can see New York’s deficiencies as a pacesetter are m ore and m ore evident?—Building—Manhattan television studios—Tin Pan Alley—Hiring singers and entertainers—Sports2) The technique used to support author’s view is___________.Para.4: New York: in the eyes of AmericansCom eback: 1 a : a sharp or witty reply : retort b : a cause for com plaint 2 : a return to a form er position or condition (as of success or prosperity) :recovery, revival Para5 New York: in the eyes of foreigner.Question: Why do m any Europeans call New York their favorite city?—Cosm opolitan complexities—European standards—Mixture of m any foreigners—Many jewelers, shoe stores and designers shops—Familiar international nam es—Tense, restless atm osphere; its energetic pulse“… and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.”These shops are set up to cheat and gratify the vanity of the silly rich peoplePara 6 New York: energy, contention and strivingConvention: angry disagreem entStriving: trying very hard to achieve or to defeat the othersPut-down: ( inform al) a remark or criticism intended to m ake the others feel stupid (令人难堪的话，噎人的话)“To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.”— A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety ( because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition); a person who loses has to live am ong the defeated, who are in the m ajority in New York.Para.7: New York in author’s eyes.“New York was never Mecca to m e”Rhetorical devices em ployed in this sentence are: __________ and ___________.The author com pares New York to Mecca; and Mecca is standing for _______________.A place of holy pilgrimage, of a place one yearns to go.Para 8: New York: NatureQuestions:1) The topic sentence is ___________________.2) The rhetorical device employed in “ Nature constantly yields to m an in New York” is __________.3) Are there any other places uses the sam e rhetorical device as m entioned above? What’s the function of it?Para.9 New York: Opportunities & uncertainnessQuestions:1) What do “Ivy League Schools” refer to?2) Why did writer go and live in New York?Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyesQuestion: Why do young people still go to New York?—testing themselves—unwilling to surrender to their m ost comm on and easily sold talents—the fierce competition and challenge—standards of excellence dem anded“But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated.”—But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohem ian life style can be esaggerated. “But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses.”As these young writers and artists have distinct cultural patterns of their own, m any businessm en open up profitable boutiques and coffeehouses to cater to their special tastes and interests.“And it is not all that estranged” “It” probably m eans _______________.Para.11: New York: A judging town“A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”—In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable.Para12: New York: An advertising CenterQuestion:1) The rhetorical device used in “The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s …” is _________. And “ The condescending view is the view of __________.2) In sentence “So does an attitude which sees….” The author com pares ______ to ______.Para 13: New York : Lack of cynicismTask: Collect evidence to show New York is lack of cynicism In sentence “ Men and wom en do their jobs professionally and, like pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi …” the author compares_______ to ______.Para 14: New York: FreedomWhat gives the city its sense of freedom?Para 15: New York: Wounded not dyingAmenity: the attractiveness and value of real estate or of a residential structureTo succum b to: to fail to resist an attack, illness, temptationPara 16-18: New York: N ew Yorkers’ LoveNew Yorker who sees all the faults of the city still prefer to live in New YorkNew York’s faults:—Trash-strewn streets—Unruly school—Uneasy feeling or m enace—The noise—The brusqueness“He is hopeless provincial”—He will always be a New Yorker. His attitude towards and his love for New York will never change“New York … is the spoiler of all other American cities”—New York has spoiled all the other American cities for him.Para 19-10 New York: International MetropolisWhy is New York called an international m etropolis?Para.22: Loving and Hating New York1. exasperate: to excite the anger of; to cause irritation or annoyance to2. exhilarate: to m ake cheerful; to excite“The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarat es.”—New York constantly irritates and annoys very m uch but at tim es it also invigorates and stimulates.Oral practice: Talking about the following questions:1. What is the main them e of this article? Where is it specifically stated?2. What technique does the writer use to develop his m ain them e? Is the technique effective? Cite exam ples.3. Comm ent on the diction of the writer. Pick out term s and phrases that you think are peculiarly American.4. Does the writer really both love and hate New York? Cite exam ples to back up your analysis.5. How m any paragraphs would you regard as being the introductory paragraphs. Why?6. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 8? How is the paragraph developed?7. Explain fully the following sentence from paragraph 11: “A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”8. Pick out som e figures of speech which you think the writer has usid m ost effectively. Cite your reasons.Paraphrase:1. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste (Para 2)2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends. (Para 2)3. Sitcom s cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves from California (Para 3)4. It is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction (Para 4)5. To win in New York is to be uneasy (Para 6)6. Nature’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. (Para 8)7. The city ‘s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens (Para 8)8. But the purity of a bohem ian de dication can be exaggerated. (Para 10)9. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. (Para 11)10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype (Para 13)11. Those who are writing am bitious novels sustain them selves on the m agazines. (Para 13)12. Broadway, which seem ed to be succum bing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again (Para 15)13. He prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life (Para 16)14. The defeated are not hidden away som e where else on the wrong side of town. (Para 18)15. The place constantly exasperates, at tim es exhilarates. (Para 22)4. Organization Pattern1) The thesis: Loving and hating New York or m ore specifically: Loving and hating New York becom es a m atter of alternating m oods, often in the sam e day.2) The thesis developed by both objective and em otional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers3) The structural organization of this essay: clear and sim ple5. Style and Language Features1) Full of Am erican English terms, phrases and constructions.T-shirtholdoutcom ebackput-downexpense-accountadmanhigh-risemeasure up2) Use of various rhetorical devices:metaphorpersonificationmetonym ytransferred epithetalliterationsim ilesynecdocheironyeuphem ism/carroll/faq3.htmlto6. Special Difficulties1) Identifying and understanding Am ericanisms in this essay2) Som e terms/phrases/structuresout-of-phasetelevision generationeconom y of effortwrong sidesitcom s cloned and cannedMeccameasure up againstIvy League schoolscommercial Broadway/off-Broadway/off-off-Broadway Madison Avenue/Wall Streetlike seeks likeWasps词汇(Vocabulary)bush (adj.) : rustic，countrified，belonging to small towns粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的beget (v.) : bring into being；produce使产生，引起，招致holdout (n.) : [Americanism]a place that holds out [美语]坚固据点deficiency (n.) : the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage 缺乏，缺少，欠缺；缺陷，不足之处pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as a model标兵sitcom (n.) : [口]situation comedy的缩略clone (v.) : derive all the descendants asexually from a single individual无性繁殖preempt (v.) : radio and TV]replace(a regularly scheduled program)[广播、电视]先占，先取得casino (n.) : a public room or building for entertainments．dancing，or，now specifically，gambling 俱乐部，娱乐场；(现尤指)赌场nightspot (n.) : nightclub夜总会bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle；defraud欺骗，蒙骗dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic，vigorous，etc．推动力；活力，精力，劲头put—down (n.) : [American slang]a belittling remark or crushing retort[美俚]贬低的话；反驳；无礼的回答foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged立足点，据点jostle (v.) : bump or push，as in a crowd；elbow or shove roughly(在人群中)拥挤；用肘推；撞proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near；nearness in space，time，etc．最近；接近；(地方，时间等)最接近obscure (v.) : darken；make dim使黑暗；使朦胧tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to着上(淡)色gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in good taste；cheaply brilliant and ornate华丽而俗气的，炫丽的。

Lesson 14 Loving and Hating New York

in the Clavierrubung, which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~ the Italian Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg Variations. The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonishing number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized, particularly by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily.

张汉熙《高级英语》第二册第6课课件

• As a political and industral center, the city is also the center of advertising, fashion, publishing, culture, art, music and radio broadcasting in the United States.
2. Writing style:
----- exposition; expository writing
( revision: Narration, Description, Exposition and Argumentation) Definition: Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform. Methods for writing a piece of exposition: ---comparison; definition; exemplification; contrast; illustration, etc.
Part 2: (Para.6-21)
Detailed description of N.Y.
( objective and emotional)
Para. 6: New York: energy, contention and striving Para.7: New York: in the author’s eyes Para.8: New York: Nature Para.9: New York: Opportunities & uncertainness Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyes Para.11: New York: A judging town

纽约介绍.ppt

major thoroughfare going throughthe borough of Ma nhattan in New York City, United States. It stretches from West 143rd Street in Harlem to Washi ngton Square North at Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village. It is considered among the most expensive and best shopping streets in the world.
American writer and editor Press columnist Time magazine Staff contributor Fortune magazine Columnist Atlantic Monthly
Publications
The Waist-High Culture 1959
In the early 1970s, New York City has officially been The Big Apple.
In 1997, the southwest corner of West 54th Street and Broadway was signed as “Big Apple Corner”.
Problems and Challeges
(1)Thousands of immigrants have not found thr opportunities they had hoped for in N.Y. (2)Air polutions (3)Traffic jams (4)Crime (5)Racial conflicts (6)The increasing cost of living in the city

高级英语2 lesson 6 loving and hating New York

In 1664, Great Britain's Duke of York sent a fleet that quietly seized the settlement from the and Dutch rechristened the colony in honor of the duke.
Stock Exchange
Statue of Liberty
pedestal

左手：美国独立宣言的书板右手：12米长的火炬脚上：被挣断的铁链
Liberty Enlightening the World
世界著名的自由女神像，位于纽约湾的利勃坦岛上，像高约46公尺。自由女神像内部中空，可搭电梯直达神像头部。自由女神像（Liberty Enlightening the World ）法国在1876年赠送给美国独立100周年的礼物。美国的自由女神像坐落于美国纽约州纽约市附近的自由岛，是美国重要的观光景点。铜像内部的钢铁支架是由建筑师约维雷勃杜克和以建造巴黎艾菲尔铁塔闻名于世的法国工程师艾菲尔设计制作的。

Control of New York passed to the young U.S. at the end of the Revolutionary ______________ War, and George Washington was inaugurated president in New York's old City Hall.
1) Thomas Griffith 2) New York City 3) Statue of Liberty

Thomas Griffith

Loving_and_Hating_New_York-2014

Monthly
New York
Five Boroughs
Detailed Study of the Text
The Big Apple
An old saying in show business was “there
are many apples on the tree but when you pick New York City you picked the Big Apple ”

Today isn’t any more out of phase with ______ as out of step with ______. lost its undisputed leadership no longer so

— — — — —
Building Manhattan television studios Tin Pan Alley Hiring singers and entertainers Sports

----Europeans are more readily attracted than Americans by New York because the Europeans like the complex situation brought about by so many nationalities living together, the European standards that still exist in this city apart and removed from the standards of the rest of the States, and the mixture of so many foreigners.

细胞生物学简史

1672
英国人Nehemiáh Grew出版了The Anatomy of Vegetables，注意到了植物细胞中细胞壁与细胞质的区别。Grew还提出了组织和组织学的概念。
1680
荷兰人Antony van Leeuwenhoek成为皇家学会会员，一生中制作了200多台显微镜和500多个镜头。他是第一个看到活细胞的人，观察过原生动物、人类精子、鲑鱼的红细胞、牙垢中的细菌等等。
1835
德国人H. von Molh 仔细观察了植物的细胞分裂，认为是植物的根和芽尖极易观察到的现象。
1837
捷克人Jan Evangelista Purkyne（Purkinje）把机体描述为是由几部分所组成的，即汁液（包括血液、浆液和淋巴），松散联接的纤维（腱）以及“颗粒”，也即动物细胞。
1838
1758
英国望远镜商人John Dollond发明消色差显微镜。
1802
法国人Charles Brisseau Milbel，认为植物的每一部分都有细胞存在，“the plant is wholly formed of a continuous cellular membranous tissue。Plants are made up of cells，all parts of which are in continuity and form one and the same membranous tissue。”。
1859
英国人Charles Darwin出版巨著《物种起源》，提出了著名的进化论。
1861
德国人Max Schultze 认为动物细胞内的肉样质和植物体内的原生质具有同样的意义。他给细胞的定义是：“the cell is an accumulation of living substance or protoplasm definitely delimited in space and possessing a cell membrane and nucleus。”

十大经典吸血鬼电影推荐

十大经典吸血鬼电影推荐十大经典吸血鬼电影介绍之一<<诺斯费拉图>>其它译名：吸血僵尸类型：恐怖导演： F.W. Murnau编剧：Henrik Galeen主要演员：Gustav BotzMax SchreckGustav von WangenheimGreta Schr?derAlexander GranachGeorg H. SchnellRuth LandshoffJohn Gottowt上映日期：1922-3-5国家地区：德国这个故事讲述了一个不来梅（Bremen）的房地产办事员哈特（Hutter）（加斯塔?范沃格汉姆饰）离开他的新娘去办一桩小生意。

这位客户名叫欧洛克（Orlok）（马科斯?斯莱克饰）行为古怪，住在很远的卡帕希恩山（Carpathian mountains）。

这段旅程很长，而且当哈特越接近目的地，他所碰到的人就越显得惊恐失措。

有传言说欧洛克的城堡闹鬼。

在快到终点时，马车夫自己从车上掉下来，掉在空地上，并消失了。

哈特不得不搭乘另一辆马车。

这辆马车跑得非常快，以至应该对这位赶车的野心勃勃的年轻人提出警告。

最后他们终于到达了那座城堡。

在导演F?W?茂瑙的天才导演下，使整个影片呈现出一种令人毛骨悚然的气氛。

令人恐惧而又缓慢的电影节奏，把恐怖气氛推到了极点。

令人恐怖的欧洛克的形象也对此功不可没，这无疑是电影历史上最令人恶心的角色之一。

在这位年轻人一边吃饭一边与这位城堡的主人讨论欧洛克在不来梅有意购买的一处房产时，欧洛克在切面包时切到了他的拇指。

这个可怕的家伙马上闪电般地站起来吮吸着这位旅行者的拇指。

但哈特对这种怪癖不太在意，继续与他的主顾谈论生意，直到夜深人倦才回屋就寝。

住过几晚之后，这位年轻人开始有所觉察了。

他发现了欧洛克的棺材，虽然他变得很虚弱，但仍试图逃跑。

但这个吸血鬼决定要去德国，并且已经把他自己的棺材装在了开往不来梅的船上。

吸血鬼逐步地实施它的计划，所有乘员一个接一个地倒下，只有船长例外，他是被吸血鬼留作晚餐的。

橡胶撕裂综述

T
Tc
裂纹切口足够大，形变能达到Tc.裂纹生长既快且光滑。
持续周期进行，裂纹逐渐增大
撕裂机理
现象：撕裂路线杂乱无章 Irwin理论解释撕裂过程：当弹性体材料受力后，在材料结构中产生应力，若在该应力方向上，所受力结构承受不了此应力（高于该结构所能承受的最大应力），则发生撕裂破坏。内部结构的复杂性与内部应力分布的共同作用，最终导致无规则的撕裂路线。核心：材料承受不了此方向应力，则该位置上结构遭破坏被撕裂。
Greensmith、Thomas试验用试验，厚度仅1
Marzetti (马泽蒂试样)
撕裂的分类
试样名称
a类试样：（沿切口方向进行撕裂，外力作用于部分试样）
规格类型
撕裂方式
备注说明
Fan testpiece （扇形试样）
使用早于DIN53507，试样便于狭口设备夹持。
DIN53507
切口在条形试样前部中心，撕裂时垂直切口90°撕裂。
目前试验室使用较多，其凹处为直角，有有切口和无切口之分。(ASTM D 624 Method C)
直角撕裂的普及，涵盖较多撕裂情况，切口在凹处中心内边缘。（ASTM D 624 Method B有介绍）多用Ring II of DIN53504，两切口对立分布在内部边缘。测试时不旋转。
新月形撕裂试样（Crescent testpiece）环形撕裂试样 Ring testpiece of Pohle
表1：室温下苯乙烯-丁二烯硫化产品切割实验数据试验配方苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物 N330 氧化锌硬脂酸 CBS促进剂硫磺硫化剂（过氧化二异丙苯）硫化时间/min 杨氏模量，E/Mpa 撕裂能Gc(J/M^2) 聚合物 1 100 / / / / / 0.5 90 0.9 250±15 2 100 / / / / / 1 90 1.25 230±15 3 100 / / / / / 1.5 90 1.75 190±15 4 100 / / / / / 2 90 2.1 140±10 5 100 / / / / / 2.5 90 2.5 140±10

影响世界电影的100人

053 秀兰·邓波儿（Shirey Temple,1928-）
“童年时代成为好莱坞的‘超级明星’的我对这段生动的经历仍保持美好的回忆。我觉得我是一个卓有成绩的幸福的女人，自然也是幸运的女人。”
054 斯坦利·库布里克（Stanley Kubrick,1928-1999）
银幕是一个如此神奇的媒介，它能够在传达思想和感情的时候仍旧有趣味，让我离开电影就像是让孩子离开游戏一样。
“永远要以批评的眼光关注尼身边的世界。”
047 阿伦·雷乃（Alain Resnais,1922-）
在各种形式的实验上，雷乃几乎成了一个电影文体家。他说：“形式就是风格。”
048 阿兰·罗伯·格里耶（Alain Robble-Grillet,1922-）
“每写出一个字，都是对死亡的胜利。”
小津说，电影对他来说，“不过是披着草包，站在桥下拉客的妓女”。
029 蔡楚生（Cai Chusheng,1906-1968）
他的《渔光曲》使中国电影第一次走上国际舞台，使中国早期电影以迅捷的步伐和骄人的实绩为世界知道。
030 罗伯特·罗西里尼（Roberto Rossellini,1906-1977）
051 玛丽莲·梦露（Marilyn Monroe,1926-1962）
当你亲身经历过明星制，就很容易理解奴隶制。我不想成为任何东西的象征，我不是一个‘性感象征’……
052 今村昌平（Imamura Shohei,1926-）
他对日本民族的劣根性提出了十分鲜明的批评，对人性的恶和复杂性的表现达到了前所未有的程度。
005 唐狄拉吉·戈温特·巴尔吉（Dhundiraj Govind Phalke,1870-1944）

自然界十大奇观

自然界十大奇观：火焰瀑布，闪电灯塔…01. 南极/血瀑布血瀑布能看到的人很少，即使是图片。

这道血瀑布位于Taylor冰川。

最早记录这个地方是1911年命运多舛的罗伯特·斯科特南极探险队的成员中的地质学家，地理学家Thomas Griffith Taylor。

02. 蒙克顿/磁山在上个世纪的30年代，有人发现在这个地方就算你的汽车不启动，也能爬坡，后来这里的地方就被成为了了一旅游景点。

汽车爬坡并不是因为磁力问题，而是一种视觉的错觉，看起来是上坡的地方其实是个下坡路。

03. 冰岛/Surtsey岛这个岛在1963年之前并不存在，后来Westman群岛的一处水下火山爆发，在1967稳定下来形成了这座岛。

因为这座岛的环境是原始状态的，因此冰岛政府就把这座岛保护了起来，虽然你可以在那航行，但是只有海洋生物学家，地质学家，植物学家等专家才上岛。

04. 新西兰/摩拉基巨石在新西兰的东海岸Koekohe海滩上散落在许多周长有12英尺的巨石。

这些石头是在数百万年前海底的硬化的沉淀物堆积在一起，然后就像是牡蛎形成珍珠那样，慢慢的形成了这些巨石。

至于是形成的具体细节和什么情况导致出现独特的裂痕的就还在研究中。

05. 挪威/午夜太阳挪威的Svalbard群岛那里的4月20日到8月23日之间太阳是不下山的，连续几天后就会让你分别不出现在是午夜还是白天了，这是为什么他们的酒店的房间都装有厚重的窗帘的原因了。

06. 土耳其/棉花堡棉花堡像是白色瀑布的梯田，这温泉中碳酸钙经过数千年沉淀形成的，这里的水温大概为37度，中水包含有矿物质，具有治疗效果，因此从公元二世纪至今有很多人会来到这里寻求治疗。

07. 加利福尼亚州/死亡谷，赛马场盐湖1915年当地的一位勘探者和他的妻子在死亡谷注意到一个奇怪现象，石头会在干旱的大地上移动！是什么情况让这些石头移动的？目前有个流行的理论，是2011年一个科学家团队的解释，是因为地面结冰而让石头移动起来的。

Loving and hating NewYork

Part II (paras 6-22) Explanation
Textual structure Style: objective and emotional description
Big Apple 的由来
纽约（New York）是美国相当繁华的城市之一，它的绰号叫做 “the Big Apple”（大苹果据传，大约在一百多年前，美国一群爵士乐师们（jazz musicians）经常到各地巡回演出赚钱（make money）。乐师们常常把所要去的城镇比喻成树上的苹果。他们去该城镇演出赚钱，就好像是去摘树上的苹果，由于纽约是他们演出赚钱最多的城市，自然被称为“the Big Apple”。不久，纽约一家俱乐部和一种流行舞蹈也取名为“the Big Apple”。后来，精明的纽约市官员们为了招揽游客（tourist），发展旅游业（tourism），索性把“the Big Apple”作为该城市的象征物（symbol）。从此，越来越多的游客被吸引到纽约去参观旅游，纽约的别名也就随之传开了。
Loving and Hating New York
Thomas Griffith
Thomas Griffith (1915--2002)
Thomas Griffith was born in Tacoma, Washington on December 30, 1915 and died in New York City in 2002. When he was 7 years old , he was raised in a Seattle boarding house with his brother and sister, sent there by their father after their mother died. He graduated from Roosevelt High School(罗斯福高中）in 1932, much later he was named outstanding graduate at the school„s 50th anniversary celebration. As a student at the University of Washington(华盛顿大学）, Mr. Griffith met his future wife, Caroline Coffman Griffith. In 1975, he was awarded the UW School of Communications' Alumni Award for Achievement.

高级英语love-and-hate-New-York教案

1.Teaching plan1.1Teaching aims and demands(1)To familiarize students with expository writings(2)To familiarize students with American culture mentioned in the text(3)To enable students to appreciate the writing style of the text2.Key points and Special difficulties(1)Words and expressions (for details see the text)(2)Writing Style (Expository writing)(3)Background knowledges(New York,Manhattan,The big apple,Ivory League schools)3.Teaching methods3.1Communication approach交际法3.2Behaviorism 行为主义3.3Consructivism 建构主义4.Teacher asking questions about the contents of the text(1)In what fields can New York no longer be regarded as the leading American city?(2)What are its deficiencies as a pacesetter?(3)Why do many Europeans call New York their favorite city?(4)Why do many young people still go to New York?(5)Does the writer really both love and hate New York?Cite examples to back up you analysis.(6)Why is New York called an international metropolis?5.Teaching procedures5.1Review“If you love him, bring him to New York, for it’s heaven; if you hate him, bring him to New York, for it’s hell.”─Beijingers in New York5.3Culture points and background knowledge(1)The Big Apple-New York“Big Apple”; “City that Never Sleeps”: a city of superlatives –America's biggest; its most exciting; its business and cultural capitals; the nation's trendsetterNew York is the most populous city in the United States. It is America's business and cultural capital,and the nation's trendsetter.As a leading global city,New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment.Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a state county.(2)ManhattansAs a center of culture and commerce,Manhattan is a hotbed of activity with an unending list of things to see and to do.Residents and visitors alike can’’s hard to believe so much energy and activity fits into this small island,a mere 23.7 square miles(or 61.4aquare kilometers)（3）World Trade CenterThe original World Trade Center was a complex with seven buildings featuring landmark twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States.The complex opened on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks （4）Central ParkCentral Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New York’s concrete desert. It is surprisingly big ,with lakes and woods ,as well organized recreation areas（5）Times Square--时报广场Times Square, confined as "The Crossroads of the World", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.（6）Wall StreetWall Street refers to the financial district of New York City, named after and centered on the eight-block-long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in lower Manhattan.Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, or signifying New York-based financial interests.It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City is one of the world's principal financial centers.（7）Ivory League schools常春藤高校联盟Brown University,Colombia University,Cornell University, Dartamouth University,Harvard University ，Princeton University,University of Pennsylvania,Yale University（8）Broadway百老汇大道Broadway is a street in the U.S.state of New York.Perhaps best known for that runs through the borough of Manhattan ,it actually runs 24kmthrough Manhattan and the Bronx,exiting north from the city to run an additional 29km through the municipalities Yonkers,Hastings-On-Hudson,Dobbs Ferry,Irvington,Tarrytown and terminating north of sleepy Hollow in Westchester County.(9)Tin Pan AlleyA district associated with musicians, composers, and publishers of popular music. The term was coined after West 28th Street in New York City where music publishers were formerly centered. It eventually became generalized to refer to the whole music industry. It, popular in the past, is lessused today. The corresponding term in the UK is Denmark Street in London.(10)Brief Introduction of Thomas GriffithThomas Griffith was born in Tacoma, Washington on December 30, 1915, and died in New York City in 2002.When he was 7 years old , he was raised in a Seattle boarding house with his brother and sister, sent there by their father after their mother died.He graduated from Roosevelt High School(罗斯福高中〕in 1932, much later he was named outstanding graduate at the school‘s 50th anniversary celebration. As a student at the University of Washington(华盛顿大学〕, Mr. Griffith met his future wife, Caroline Coffman Griffith.In 1975, he was awarded the UW School of Communications' Alumni Award for Achievement. Griffith started his career at The Seattle Times in 1936, working as a reporter and then as assistant city editor before accepting a Nieman Fellowship〔尼曼奖学金〕at Harvard University in 1942. He joined Time Inc the next year and stayed for three decades, retiring in 1972 as editor of Life magazine. During that time, he gained the respect of Time Inc.'s outspoken and politically conservative founder, Henry Luce, who reportedly took to calling Mr. Griffith "the loyal opposition."Griffith was known in the organization as the “house liberal”.He was also a staff contributor to Fortune magazine and columnist of Atlantic Monthly.He was an uprooted westerner who called New York homeHis works:Harry and Teddy: the Turbulent Friendship of Henry and his Favorite Reporter, Teddy(1995). How True: A Skeptic's Guide to Believing the News (1974).The Waist-High Culture (1959 ):American culture.5.4Detailed explanation of textpathetic (Para. 1, Line 3): pitiful, lamentable,brag (Para. 1, Line 4): talk with excessive pride, assert boastfully, a boaster, a braggart. E.g.: She bragged that she could run faster than I. He's been bragging about his new car.bush (Para. 1, Line5): second-rate. E.g.: Reviewers here have tended to see in him a kind of bush D.H. Lawrence.beget (Para. 2, Line 2): create, produce, cause. E.g.: War begets misery and ruinholdout (Para. 2, Last sentence): a place that holds out, that continue resistance, not yielding to the trend and fashionpacesetter (Para. 3, Line 1): a person, group, or thing that leads the way or serves as a model sitcoms (Para. 3, Line 6): Radio or television comedy series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of episodes. Often the characters are markedly different types thrown together by circumstance and occupying a shared environment such as an apartment building or workplace. Typically half an hour in length and either taped in front of a studio audience or employing canned applause, they are marked by verbal sparring and rapidly resolved conflicts. Nashville (Para. 3, Line 8): capital of Tennessee State and center of and country music rock-and-roll.comeback (Para. 4, Line 3): return to some previously successful activity. E.g.: The old actor made a successful comeback after twenty years.bilk (Para. 5, Line 8): cheat, defraud, swindle. E.g.: He bilked us of all our money.frivolous (Para. 5, Line 8): silly, trivialbilling (Para. 6, Line 6): advertising, promotionjostle (Para. 6, Last sentence): push and shoveMecca (Para. 7, Line 1): A city of western Saudi Arabia near the coast of the Red Sea. The birthplace of Muhammad, it is the holiest city of Islam and a pilgrimage site for all devout believers of the faith.qualify (Para. 8, Line 1): limit, modify, restricttint (Para. 8, Line 4): color lightly. E.g.: She tint each flower in her painting a different color. The sunset has tinted the sky with pink.gaudily (Para. 8, Line 5): brightly and showilyjagged (Para. 8, Line 6): having a sharply uneven outline or surfacegamely (Para. 8, Line 7): courageously, bravelyencroach (Para. 8, Line 8): advance beyond the proper limit, take another’s possessions or rights gradually and stealthily. E.g.: The sea is gradually encroaching on the land.carnival (Para. 8, Last sentence): Final celebration before the fasting and austerity of Lent in some Roman Catholic regions, festival or revelbeckon (Para. 9, Line 1): signal by nodding or waving, attract. E.g.: He beckoned to me from across the street.diversion (Para. 9, Line 8): recreationbanal (Para. 10, Line 2): repeated too often, common. E.g.: a banal remarkconstrict (Para. 10, Line 4): restrict the freedom of, compresssqualor (Para. 10, Line 9): dirtiness. E.g.: There is indescribable squalor in those books. Broadway (Para. 10, Line 9): The principal theater and amusement district of New York City, on the West Side of midtown Manhattan centered on Broadway.precinct: neighborhood, surrounding areabohemian: a person with artistic or literary interests who disregards conventional standards of behavior; a descriptive term for a stereotypical way of life for artists and intellectuals who live in material poverty because they prefer their art or their learning to lesser goods.fringe: outside boundaryboutique: a shop that sells women’s clothes and jewelryinvoke: use, applydeplore: regret strongly, show strong disapproval of. E.g.: Somehow we had to master events, not simply deplore them. (Henry A. Kissinger).ancillary: helping, supportingcondescend: deal with people in a patronizing superior manner, lower oneselfmalleable: easily controlled, easily influenced.turnstile: Please see the right picturecynicism: an attitude of scornful negativity, esp. a general trust of others.hype: excessive publicity, exaggerated claims made in advertisingscruple: uneasiness, hesitation. E.g.: He has absolutely no scruples; he'll do anything to get what he wants.sustain: provide for, maintain. E.g.: Hope alone sustained him in his struggle.adjoin: lie adjacent to. E.g.: There is a family of poor folk who have rented from the landlady aroom which does not adjoin the other rooms, but is set apart in a corner by itself.amenity: sth. that contributes to physical or material comfort. E.g.: A sauna in the hotel would be a useful amenity.tawdriness: tasteless showinessastir: moving about, being in motion.cabana: a small tent used as a dressing room beside the sea or a swimming pool. Please see the pictureantiseptically:←antiseptical: thoroughly clean, free from disturbanceenclave: an enclosed territoryhassle: angry disturbance, disorderly fighting, turmoilcongenial: friendly, sociable. E.g.: In the next year he obtained, through the good offices of an old friend, a post with a publishing firm which, though not highly paid, he found more congenial. bracing: refreshing, excitingencase: enclose in a casefleeting: lasting for a very brief timetaunt: reproaching, ridiculemongrel: a cross between different breeds, groups or varieties.tumultuous: turbulent, noisy, wildinitiation: beginning, entry.turf: area claimed by a gangforbearance: tolerance and restraint, patience. E.g.: I have shown enough forbearance toward him. exasperate: irritate, infuriate. E.g.: She was exasperated at his stupidity.exhilarate (Para. 22, Line 3): stimulate, invigorate, cause to feel happily energetic. E.g.: We were exhilarated by the cool, pine-scented air.the Big Apple (Para. 1, Line 1): a nickname for New York City. It was first popularized in the 1920s by John J. Fitz Gerald, a sports writer for the New York Morning Telegraph. Its popularity since the 1970s is due to a promotional campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau,known now as NYC & Company.out of phase (Para. 2, Line 3): also “out of sync”, unsynchronized, uncoordinated.Common Denominator Land (Para. 2, Last sentence): a place with no unique quality of any kind “common denominator”: 公分母，an attribute that is common to all members of a category more inspired architecturally (Para. 3, Lines 2-3): more excellent in architecture as to suggest divine inspirationArturo Toscanini (Para. 3, Line 5): 1867–1957, Italian conductor. Toscanini entered a conservatory at age nine, studying cello, piano, and composition. He began his professional life as a cellist. Principally known for his readings of Verdi's operas and Beethoven's symphonies, he also gave remarkable performances of the music of Richard Wagner. The NBC Orchestra was formed for him in 1937, and he conducted it until his retirement in 1954.NBC Symphony Orchestra (Para. 3, Line 5): a radio orchestra established by David Sarnoff of the National Broadcasting Company especially for conductor Arturo Toscanini. The NBC Symphony performed weekly radio concert broadcasts with Toscanini and other conductors and served as house orchestra for the network, beginning November 13, 1937 and continuing until 1954 Johnny Carson (Para. 3, Line 7): 1925–2005, host of TV's The Tonight Show for nearly 30years, from 1962 to 1992. His popularity was so great that he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1987, years before his retirement.preempt the airways from California (Para. 3, Lines 7-8)“preempt”: take the place of of, have precedence over“the airways”: the scheduled radio and TV programsin proximity to (Para. 6, Last sentence): close to. E.g.: The sum is in close proximity to the amount of revenue.Frederick Law Olmsted (Para. 8, Line 9): 1822–1903, U.S. landscape architect called "the founder of American landscape architecture and the nation's foremost parkmaker" by the National Park Service.measure up (Para. 9, Line 4): prove capable or fit, meet requirements. E.g.: If she doesn‘t measure up to the job, she’ll just have to leave.Ivy League (Para. 9, Line 5): an association of 8 universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.Alfred Kazin (Para. 9, Line 8): 1915–1998, U.S. literary critic. His sweeping historical study of modern American literature, On Native Grounds (1942), won him instant recognition. Much of his criticism appeared in Partisan Review, The New Republic, and The New Yorker.John Sebastian Bach (Para. 9, Line 9): 1685–1750, the most renowned member of a distinguished family of German musicians and composers, is considered one of the greatest composers in history. His most famous works include The Brandenberg Concertos 〔《勃兰登堡协奏曲》, Well-Tempered Clavier〔《十二平均律曲集》〕and Art of the Fugue〔《赋格的艺术》〕. SoHo: a neighborhood in the Manhattan borough of New York City. In the 1840s and 1850s, it was an area with more bars and brothels than anywhere else in the city. In the mid-20th century, artists began to move in. Seeking to identify their group geographically, they consulted a city Planning Commission map that described the area as "South of Houston", "Houston" being Houston Street. This was shortened to "SoHo", the group voted to call itself the SoHo Artists Association and the name for the neighborhood stuck.catchy jingles: Examples like Wrigley’s Doublemint Gum: “Double Your Pleasure, Double Your Fun”; McDonalds: "You Deserve a Break Today“; Coca-Cola Company: "I'd Like to Buy The World A Coke”expense-account : an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer.feed on: live on. E.g.: Bats fly at night and feed on insects.play host to: receive and entertain. E.g.: The harbor is busy night and day, within a year playing host to freighters from more than 30 countries and regions.Ellis Island: small island in Upper New York Bay –former examination center for immigrants seeking to enter the US.reckon with: take into account. E.g.: The third-party movement is a force to be reckoned with during the primaries.jarring juxtapositions “jarring”: conflicting, colliding ←jar: affect in a disagreeable way. E.g.: The iron gate jarred when he opened it.“juxtaposition”: positioning together, side-by-side position.5.4.3Grammar5.4.4Sentence analysisPara. 1: NY has fallen.how the mighty has fallen (Para. 1, Lines 3-4): from the Bible. Composed by King David to grieve over the death of Jonathan and Saul. →“How the mighty have fallen in battle! Jonathan lies slain on your heights.Para. 2: New York isn’t the top anymore.Para. 3: New York is not a pacesetter (architecture, leisure industry, sports)Para. 4: There are many other better cities than New York.Para. 5: Why many Europeans call New York their favorite city.Para. 6: Multifaceted life in New York.Para. 7: My feeling towards New York.Para. 8: Nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.Para. 9: Why I came to and lived in New YorkPara. 10: Why many young came to New York.Para. 11: New York judges.Para. 12: Admen set the tone yet see the public impersonally.Para. 13: Lack of cynicism among the younger people and that of clear boundary between serious and popular arts.Para. 14: Freedom and loneliness characterize New York.Para. 15: New York is wounded yet not dying.Para. 16: New Yorkers prefer New York and whyPara. 17: New Yorkers only want to live in New York.Para. 18: What in New York attract New Yorkers.Para. 19: New York is a mongrel city.Para. 20: New York is another UN.Para. 21: New York is a city of diversity and contrast.Para. 22: Loving and hating New York alternate.5.4.5Writing skillsExpository writingCentral theme: 1st sentence of the last paragraph (Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day.)1-5paragraphs: general introduction –the present status of NY city in the US and in the eyes of foreigners(1) NY has fallen. (Para. 1)(2) NY isn’t the top anymore(3) NY isn’t a pacesetter anymore (Para. 2)(4) NY isn’t a “good”city.(5) Appeal of NY: charged, nervous atmosphere, vulgar dynamismLast sentence of Para. 5: TransitionPara. 6 –the end: objective and emotional description of NY, the life and struggle of New Yorkers.More on love for NY and few on hatred for NY.5.4.6Students ask teacher questions(10)6.Activities conducted which are related to the contents of the texts6.1 Discussion(36.2 Peers6.3 Speech(3tops6.4 Debates(2tops6.5 Presentation(3items6.6 Dubbing6.7 Language Party6.8 Talk show6.9 Body language7.Consolidation8.Reflection or assessment8.1 Teacher and students8.2 Peers8.3 Group A.B.C.9.Homework9.1 Oral9.2 WritingWrite a composition talking about Mianyang expressing your likes and dislikes(500words)10.Referential books(1-311.Suggestion to teacher’s teaching(1-3。

橡胶撕裂综述

生长。之后应力迅速降低，撕裂停止。此时裂纹尖端应力也得到释放，应力
当材料再次被拉伸，材料再次取向，降低，撕裂停止。再次被拉伸时，再
上述撕裂过程重复进行。从而获得上次一定程度取向，上述撕裂过程再次
述Knotty撕裂。
重复进行,从而获得saw-tooth撕裂。
平滑撕裂
当外界拉伸速度较快时，材料来不及取向，整个撕裂过程的完成就在同一个力下完成。拉伸试样的两狭口距离非常近的时候会出现的一种撕裂；裤型撕裂等经常出现。
多用Ring II of DIN53504，两切口对立分布在内部边缘。测试时不旋转。
Goodrich-Winkelmann
撕裂的分类
（2）、按撕裂方式的不同可以分为： I 直接撕裂 II垂直撕裂
III成角度撕裂（取决于合应力）
撕裂的分类
（3）按撕裂后的形状分
a
b
c
knotty撕裂
sawtooth撕裂
撕裂的分类
（1）按照撕裂生长决定因素分类：
a.由外界施加的拉伸或撕裂速度决定裂纹的生长速度的撕裂---撕裂降低内应力，使内外应力趋于平衡。
b.裂纹在受力下，自发进行生长的撕裂---结构中应力达到某承受临界点自发断裂生长。按此方法，撕裂试样分为以下两类：
撕裂的分类
试样名称 Fan testpiece （扇形试样）
撕裂强度
44 28 11
备注：
1、试样为填充25份SRF炭黑的天然胶硫化品试样； 2、摘于PRIMUS KAINRADL AND FRANZ HANDLER发表的《THE TEAR STRENGTH OF VULCANIZATES》。
提高撕裂的方法
1.混炼：通过优化混炼工艺，提高补强填料如炭黑等在橡胶中的分散可以提高胶料的抗撕裂性能。 2.相混炼：NR/BR共混物通过相混炼技术，使BR相中炭黑含量增加，可以提高撕裂。 3.交联密度：通过刘华过程优化胶料的最终交联密度，可以提高胶料的抗撕裂性能。 4.硫磺硫化体系：硫磺硫化体系与过氧活化物硫化体系相比，一个明显的优势就是胶料的抗撕裂性能。

Thomas Griffith 介绍

Loving and Hating New York

loving and hating New York

电影发展史介绍资料

新闻的名人名言有哪些(精选2篇)

Loving-and-Hating-New-York

高级英语第二册第十四课学习辅导资料

Lesson 14 Loving and Hating New York

张汉熙《高级英语》第二册第6课课件

纽约介绍.ppt

高级英语2 lesson 6 loving and hating New York

Loving_and_Hating_New_York-2014

细胞生物学 简史

十大经典吸血鬼电影推荐

橡胶撕裂综述

影响世界电影的100人

自然界十大奇观

Loving and hating NewYork

高级英语love-and-hate-New-York教案

橡胶撕裂综述

细胞生物学简史