数学常用词汇中英文对照
数学术语中英对照
数学术语中英对照代数ALGEBRA1. 数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, oddnumber 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positivewhole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数realnumber, rational number 实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse 倒数compositenumber 合数e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15… prime number 质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15…reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(minimum) common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimalscale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数mean平均数median中值commonratio 公比2. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent指数,幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数,立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementaryfunction 余函数linear 一次的,线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32 round off 四舍五入数学3. 基本运算add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数,红利divisor 因子,除数,公约数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入4. 代数式,方程,不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程,等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)5. 分数,小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgarfraction,common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator (最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位6.集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集7. 数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8. 其它approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数directproportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计,近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何GEOMETRY1. 角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementaryangle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2. 三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3. 收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形,平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4. 其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of acircle 弧形5. 立体图形cube 立方体,立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6. 图形的附属概念plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理(毕达哥拉斯定理)congruent全等的multilateral 多边的altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦diameter 直径radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线化edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg三角形的直角边median(三角形的)中线base 底边,底数(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底数)opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7. 坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面。
数学常用词汇中英文对照
数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算:add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) squaremeasure 平方单位制cubicmeter 立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集)set非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all positive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set无限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset补集(余集)complementary set全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers奇数集the set of all odd numbers含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition充分条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition……的充要条件是………if and only if …函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval反函数inverse function指数exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series公差common difference 等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列geometric progression,geometric series公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三角函数三角函数trigonometric function始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent平面向量有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean几何平均数geometric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式gradient intercept form 两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming 约束条件constraint condition 目标函数objective function可行域feasible region最优解optimal solution 圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate 解析几何analytic geometry 笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standard equation 一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation 参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points焦距focal length长轴major axis短轴minor axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directrix。
数学常用词汇中英文对照
数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算:add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1centpennynickel5dime dozen 打(12 score 廿(20个)CentigradeFahrenheitquartgallon 加仑(1gallon=4quart)yardmetermicroninchfootminute 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度)squaremeasurecubicmeterpint 品脱(干量或液量的单位) 2. intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天)common year 平年(365天)depreciationdown paymentdiscountmarginprofitinterestsimple interestcompounded interestdividenddecrease todecrease byincrease toincrease bydenotelist price markup涨per capitaratioretail price tie 打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集)set非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers自然数集the set of all natural numbers 正整数集the set of all positive integers 整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers 实数集the set of all real numbers 元素element 属于belong to不属于not belong to 有限集finite set 无限集infinite set 空集empty set包含inclusion, include 包含于lie in 子集subset真子集proper subset补集(余集)complementary set 全集universe 交集intersection 并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers 奇数集the set of all odd numbers 含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value 一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality 逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective 或or 且and 非not 真true 假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition 逆命题converse proposition 否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition 充分条件sufficient condition 必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition……的充要条件是………if and only if …函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval反函数inverse function指数exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series公差common difference 等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列geometric progression,geometric series公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三角函数三角函数trigonometric function始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent平面向量有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean几何平均数geometric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式gradient intercept form 两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming 约束条件constraint condition 目标函数objective function可行域feasible region最优解optimal solution 圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate 解析几何analytic geometry 笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standard equation 一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation 参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points焦距focal length长轴major axis短轴minor axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directrix。
数学常用词汇中英文对照
数学常用词汇中英文对照数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算:add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline 数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe 外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral 多边的1、单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit 利润interest利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by减少了increase to 增加到increase by增加了denote 表示list price标价markup涨价per capita 每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集)set非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers 自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all positive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers 元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set无限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset补集(余集)complementary set 全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers 奇数集the set of all odd numbers含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality 逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition充分条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition……的充要条件是……… if and only if …函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function 映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval 反函数inverse function指数exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term 有穷数列finite sequence of number 无穷数列infinite sequence of number 递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series公差common difference等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列geometric progression,geometric series公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三角函数三角函数trigonometric function 始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period 周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent平面向量有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar单位向量unit vector基底base 基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean 几何平均数geometric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式 gradient intercept form 两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming 约束条件constraint condition 目标函数 objective function 可行域feasible region最优解optimal solution圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate 解析几何analytic geometry 笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standard equation 一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation 参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points焦距focal length长轴major axis短轴minor axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directrix。
数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇整理整理版
数学常用词汇中英文对照Mathematical vocabulary一、代数部分(Algebra part)1、有关计算some basic operationadd[æd,plus[plʌs]加subtract[səbˈtrækt]减difference[ˈdifərəns]差multiply[ˈmʌltiplai],times[taɪmz]乘product[ˈprɔdʌkt]积divide[diˈvaid]除divisible[dɪˈvɪzəbəl]可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend[ˈdividend],美[ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd] 被除数divisor[dɪˈvaɪzə] 因子,除数quotient[ˈkwəʊʃənt]商remainder[riˈmeində] 余数factorial[fækˈtɔ:riəl]阶乘power[ˈpauə] 乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号round to四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合setsEmpty [ˈempti]sets空集Subset[ˈsʌbset]子集Intersection[intəˈsekʃən]交集union[ˈju:njən] 并集complement[ˈkɔmplimənt] 补集proper[ˈprɔpə] subset真子集solution [səˈlu:ʃən]set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式(algebraic expression, equation and inequalities)algebraic term[ˌældʒiˈbreiik tə:m]代数项like[laik] terms,similar[ˈsimilə] terms同类项numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]数字系数literal coefficient[ˈlitərəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]字母系数inequality[ˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:] 不等式triangle inequality[ˈtraiæŋɡlˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:]三角不等式range[reindʒ]值域original equation[əˈridʒinəl iˈkweiʃən] 原方程equivalent equation[iˈkwivələnt iˈkweiʃən]同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)Binomial[baiˈnəumiəl] 【GMAT】二项式Trinomial [traiˈnəumjəl] 【GMAT】三相式Complete quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation[iˈkweiʃən]【GMAT】完全二次方程Complementary [ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function 【GMAT】余函数Equivalence[ɪˈkwɪvələns] relation 【GMAT】等价关系Factorable quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation 【GMAT】可因式分解的二次方程Incomplete[ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t] quadratic equation 【GMAT】不完全二次方程be equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] to anther equation【GRE】与另一方程痛解clear an equation of fractions[ˈfrækʃəns]分式方程整式化like(similar) terms[laik tə:ms] 同类项unlike[ˌʌnˈlaik] terms非同类项【GRE】numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt] 【GRE】数字系数4.有关分数和小数(fraction and decimal)proper [ˈprɔpə]fraction[ˈfrækʃən真分数improper[ɪmˈprɔpə] fraction假分数mixed number[mɪkst ˈnʌmbə]带分数vulgar fraction[ˈvʌlɡəˈfrækʃən],common[ˈkɔmən] fraction普通分数simple[ˈsimpl] fraction简分数complex[ˈkɔmpleks] fraction繁分数numerator[ˈnu:məˌreɪtə, ˈnju:-] 分子denominator[dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə]分母(least)common denominator([li:st])[ˈkɔmən dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə] (最小)公分母quarter[ˈkwɔ:tə]四分之一decimal fraction[ˈdesiməl ˈfrækʃən]纯小数infinite decimal[ˈinfinitˈdesiməl ] 无穷小数recurring decimal[riˈkəːriŋˈdesiməl ]循环小数tenthsunit十分位Equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] fractions[ˈfrækʃən]【GMAT】等值分数Mixed[mɪkst] 【GMAT】decimal 混合小数cancellation[ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən]【GRE】约掉,消掉calculate to three decimal places计算结果保留三位小数invert[inˈvə:t] a fraction[ˈfrækʃən]【GRE】求一个分数的倒数5.基本数学概念(elementary mathematical concepts)arithmetic mean[əˈriθmətik mi:n]] 算术平均值weighted average[ˈweitidˈævəridʒ] 加权平均值geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] mean几何平均数exponent[eksˈpəunənt]指数,幂base[beis] 乘幂的底数,底边cube[kju:b] 立方数,立方体square[skwɛə] root[ru:t] 平方根cube root[kju:b ru:t ]立方根common logarithm[ˈlɔ:gəˌrɪðəm, ˈlɔgə-] 常用对数digit[ˈdidʒit] 数字constant[ˈkɔnstənt] 常数variable[ˈvɛəriəbl,ˈveəriəbl]变量inversefunction反函数complementary[ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function[ˈfʌŋkʃən]余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value[ˈæbsəlu:t ˈvælju]绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off[raund,ɔf]四舍五入mean proportional[prəˈpɔ:ʃənəl]【GRE】比例中项to the nearest 10% 精确到10%6.有关数论(numbers)natural[ˈnætʃərəl,ˈnætʃrəl] number[ˈnʌmbə,ˈnʌmbə(r)] 自然数positive[ˈpɔzitiv] number正数negative[ˈneɡətiv] number负数odd integer[ɔd ˈɪntɪdʒə ],odd number奇数even[ˈi:vən] integer,even number偶数integer,whole number[həul ˈnʌmbə] 整数positive [ˈpɔzitiv]whole number正整数negative[ˈneɡətiv] whole number负整数consecutive[kənˈsekjutiv,kənˈsekjətɪv] number连续整数real [riəl,ˈriːəl]number,rational[ˈræʃənl] number实数,有理数irrational[ɪˈræʃənəl](number)无理数nonzero[ˈnɔnziərəu]非零;非零的【GRE】inverse[ɪnˈvɜ:s, ˈɪnˌvɜ:s]倒数composite[ˈkɔmpəzit] number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime[praim] number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal[riˈsiprəkəl] 倒数common divisor[ˈkɔmən dɪˈvaɪzə]公约数multiple[ˈmʌltipl]倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(praim)[ˈfæktə](质)因子common factor公因子Complex conjugate [ˈkɔndʒəɡeit]【GMAT】复共轭ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative[ˈnɔnˈneɡətiv] 非负的tens[tens]十位units[ˈju:nit]个位mode[məud]众数median[ˈmi:di:ən] 中数common ratio[ˈreiʃiəu]公比Infinity [ɪnˈfɪnɪti:] 【GMAT】无穷大Infinitesimal [ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl]【GMAT】无穷小aliquot[ˈælikwɔt]除得尽数【GRE】aliquant除不尽数【GRE】7.数列(sequence)arithmetic[əˈriθmətik] progression(sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] )等差数列geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] progression[prəˈgreʃən](sequence)等比数列8.其它(others)approximate[əˈprɔksimit]近似approximately[əˈprɔksimitli] 【GRE】近似的,大约的approximation[əˌprɔksəˈmeɪʃən] 【GRE】近似,近似值(anti)clockwise(ˈænti)[ˈklɔkwaiz](逆)顺时针方向cardinal[ˈkɑ:dinl]基数ordinal [ˈɔ:dnəl]序数direct proportion[diˈrekt prəˈpɔ:ʃən]正比distinct[disˈtiŋkt]不同的estimation[ˌestəˈmeɪʃən] 估计,近似parentheses括号proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]比例permutation[ˌpɜ:mjʊˈteɪʃən]排列combination[ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən]组合probability[ˌprɔbəˈbiliti] 概率,或然率distribution [ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən]分布normal distribution[ˈnɔ:məl ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən ]正态分布graph[ɡrɑ:f] 图表bar [bɑːr]graph条形统计图histogram[ˈhistəuɡræm] 柱形统计图broken line graph[ˈbrəukən lain]折线统计图curve[kə:v,kɜːv/]diagram[ˈdaiəɡræm]曲线统计图pie[pai]diagram扇形统计图Numerical [nju:ˈmerikəl] analysis【GMAT】数值分析Mutually exclusive [iksˈklu:siv]【GMA T】互相排斥Standard [ˈstændəd] deviationdeviation [ˌdi:vi:ˈeɪʃən] 【GMA T】标准方差Algebra [ˈældʒibrə]代数学【GRE】algebraic expression[iksˈpreʃən]【GRE】代数式algebraic [ˌældʒiˈbreiik]term 【GRE】代数项assume that[əˈsju:m]【GRE】假定义……at random[ˈrændəm]【GRE】随机地round brackets[raund brækɪt] ;parentheses[pəˈrenθɪsɪs]圆括号【GRE】square[skwɛə] brackets方括号【GRE】braces['breisiz] 花括号【GRE】几何部分 (Geometry part)1.所有的角(angles)alternate[ɔ:lˈtə:nit] angle[ˈæŋɡl]内错角corresponding[ˌkɔrisˈpɔndiŋ,ˌkɒrəˈspɒndɪŋ] angle同位角vertical [ˈvə:tikəl]angle对顶角central [ˈsentrəl]angle圆心角interior[inˈtiəriə] angle内角exterior[eksˈtiəriə] angle外角supplement[ˈsʌpliment] aryangles补角complement [ˈkɔmplimənt]aryangle余角adjacent[əˈdʒeisənt] angle邻角acute [əˈkju:t]angle锐角obtuse [ɔbˈtu:s, -ˈtju:s, əb-] angle钝角right [rait]angle直角round[raund] angle周角straight [streit]angle平角included [ɪnˈklu:dɪd]angle夹角Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]【GMA T】同旁外角at right angles [ˈæŋglz]with与……成直角【GRE】be perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ] to【GRE】垂直于2.所有的三角形(triangle)[ˈtraiæŋɡl]equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] triangle等边三角形scalene[ˈskeɪˌli:n, skeɪˈli:n] triangle不等边三角形isosceles[aɪˈsɔsəˌli:z] triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed[ɪnˈskraɪbt] triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外(plain graph)semicircle[ˈsemɪˌsɜ:kəl]半圆concentriccircles[kənˈsentrɪk sɜ:kəl]同心圆eccentric偏心圆,;不同圆心的【GRE】quadrilateral[ˌkwɔdrəˈlætərəl] 四边形pentagon[ˈpentəˌgɔn]五边形hexagon[ˈheksəˌgɔn]六边形heptagon[ˈheptəɡən] 七边形octagon[ˈɔktəˌgɔn]八边形nonagon[ˈnɔnəɡən] 九边形decagon[ˈdekəˌgɔn]十边形polygon[ˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 多边形parallelogram[ˌpærəˈleləˌgræm]平行四边形equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] 等边形plane[plein]平面square[skwɛə]正方形,平方rectangle[ˈrektæŋɡl] 长方形regular polygon[ˈreɡjuləˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 正多边形rhombus[ˈrɔmbəs] 菱形trapezoid[ˈtræpizɔid]梯形4.其它平面图形(others)arc[ɑ:k] 弧line[lain] ,straight line直线line segment[ˈseɡmənt] 线段parallel [ˈpærəlel]lines平行线segment of a circle[ˈsə:kl] 弧形secant[ˈsi:kənt]割线【GRE】segment[ˈseɡmənt] 【GRE】弓形;部分transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]横截线【GRE】e.g. ~of parallel lines 5.有关立体图形(solid figure)cube立方体,立方数rectangular[rekˈtæŋɡjulə] solid[ˈsɔlid]长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron[pɔliˈhedrən]正多面体circular cylinder[ˈsə:kjuləˈsilində]圆柱体cone cone圆锥sphere[sfiə] 球体solid[ˈsɔlid]立体的6.有关图形上的附属物(adjunct)altitude[ˈæltitju:d] 高depth[depθ]深度side边长circumference[səˈkʌmfərəns],perimeter[pəˈrɪmɪtə]周长radian[ˈreidjən]弧度surface area[ˈsə:fis][ˈɛəriə]表面积volume[ˈvɔlju:m]体积arm[ɑ:m]直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord[kɔ:d] 弦radius[ˈreidjəs]半径angle bisector[ˈbaɪˌsektə, baɪˈsek-] 角平分线diagonal[daɪˈægənəl]对角线diameter[daiˈæmitə] 直径edge[edʒ] 棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse[haɪˈpɔtnˌu:s, -ˌju:s]斜边included side夹边leg[leɡ]三角形的直角边medianofatriangle[ˈmi:djə,nɔfeiˈtraiæŋɡl] 三角形的中线base[beis] 底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite[ˈɔpəzit]直角三角形中的对边midpoint[ˈmidˌpɔint]中点endpoint[ˈendpɔint]端点vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks] (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent[ˈtændʒənt]切线的transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]截线intercept[ˌɪntəˈsept]截距vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks]顶点【GRE】7.有关坐标(coordinate)coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit]system坐标系rectangular coordinate[rekˈtæŋɡjuləkəuˈɔ:dineit]直角坐标系origin[ˈɔridʒin]原点X-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]【GRE】X坐标abscissa[æbˈsɪsə] 横坐标Y-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]Y坐标【GRE】ordinate[ˈɔ:dnɪt, -ˌeɪt]纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant[ˈkwɔdrənt,ˈkwɑːd-]象限slope[sləup]斜率complex plane[plein] 复平面8.其它(others)plane geometry[dʒiˈɔmitri]平面几何trigonometry[ˌtrɪgəˈnɔmɪtri:] 三角学bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt]平分circumscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]外切inscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]内切intersect[ˌɪntəˈsekt]相交perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ]垂直pythagorean theorem[ˈθi:ərəm, ˈθɪərəm]勾股定理congruent[ˈkɔŋgru:ənt, kənˈgru:-] 全等的multilateral[ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl]多边的Clockwise[ˈklɔkwaiz]【GMAT】顺时钟方向Counterclockwise[ˌkaʊntəˈklɔkˌwaɪz]【GMAT】逆时钟方向bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt] 【GRE】把……二等分bound[baund] 【GRE】辩解,范围;邻接其它done(drawn[drɔ:n]) to scale[skeil]【GRE】按比例绘制1.单位类cent[sent] 美分penny[ˈpeni]一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime[daim]一角硬币dozen[ˈdʌzn] 打(12个)score[skɔ:] 廿(20个)Centigrade[ˈsentiɡreid]摄氏Fahrenheit[ˈfærənˌhaɪt] 华氏quart[kwɔ:t]夸脱gallon[ˈɡælən]加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard[jɑ:d]码meter[ˈmi:tə]米micron[ˈmaikrɔn]微米inch[intʃ]英寸foot[intʃ]英尺minute[ˈminit] 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter[ˈkju:bɪkˈmi:tə]立方米pint[paɪnt]品脱(干量或液量的单位)footcandle[ˈfutˈkændl]【GRE】(物理)英尺烛光(照度单位)2、数据类Apiece[əˈpi:s] 每人Per capita[ˈkeɪpətə]每人Decrease[di:ˈkri:s] to 减少到Decrease decrease by 减少了Brace[breis] 双Down payment[ˈpeimənt]定金,预付金Interest[ˈintrist]利息Simple interest[ˈintrist] 单利Compounded interest 复利compound[ˈkɔmpaund] annual interest年复利【GRE】Discount [ˈdiskaunt] 折扣Cumulative [ˈkju:mjulətiv]graph 累计图Margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] 利润Retail[ˈri:teil] price 批发价Common[ˈkɔmən] year 平年Intercalary[inˈtə:kələri] year(leap year) 闰年3.30上午张依蕾整理。
数学词汇中英文对照文库
数学词汇中英文对照abbreviation 简写符号;简写abscissa 横坐标absolute complement 绝对补集absolute error 绝对误差absolute inequality 绝不等式absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute monotonic 绝对单调absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation 累积accumulative 累积的accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) (概率)加法定律additive inverse 加法逆元; 加法反元additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式;代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algebraically closed 代数封闭algorithm 算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle (交)错角alternate segment 内错弓形alternating series 交错级数alternative hypothesis 择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude 高;高度;顶垂线;高线ambiguous case 两义情况;二义情况amount 本利和;总数analysis 分析;解析analytic geometry 解析几何angle 角angle at the centre 圆心角angle at the circumference 圆周角angle between a line and a plane 直 与平面的交角angle between two planes 两平面的交角angle bisection 角平分angle bisector 角平分线 ;分角线angle in the alternate segment 交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment 同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of friction 静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of intersection 相交角;交角angle of projection 投射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of the sector 扇形角angle sum of a triangle 三角形内角和angles at a point 同顶角angular displacement 角移位angular momentum 角动量angular motion 角运动angular velocity 角速度annum(X% per annum) 年(年利率X%)anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向anti-clockwise moment 逆时针力矩anti-derivative 反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm 逆对数;反对数anti-symmetric 反对称apex 顶点approach 接近;趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似;略计;逼近Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc length 弧长arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积Argand diagram 阿根图, 阿氏图argument (1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number 复数的辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术arithmetic mean 算术平均;等差中顶;算术中顶arithmetic progression 算术级数;等差级数arithmetic sequence 等差序列arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边array 数组; 数组arrow 前号ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂assertion 断语; 断定associative law 结合律assumed mean 假定平均数assumption 假定;假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptote 渐近asymptotic error constant 渐近误差常数at rest 静止augmented matrix 增广矩阵auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 辅助方程average 平均;平均数;平均值average speed 平均速率axiom 公理axiom of existence 存在公理axiom of extension 延伸公理axiom of inclusion 包含公理axiom of pairing 配对公理axiom of power 幂集公理axiom of specification 分类公理axiomatic theory of probability 概率公理论axis 轴axis of parabola 抛物线的轴axis of revolution 旋转轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴back substitution 回代bar chart 棒形图;条线图;条形图;线条图base (1)底;(2)基;基数base angle 底角base area 底面base line 底线base number 底数;基数base of logarithm 对数的底basis 基Bayes theorem 贝叶斯定理bearing 方位(角);角方向(角)bell-shaped curve 钟形图belong to 属于Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布Bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bias 偏差;偏倚biconditional 双修件式; 双修件句bijection 对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function 对射函数; 只射函数billion 十亿bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制binomial 二项式binomial distribution 二项分布binomial expression 二项式binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理bisect 平分;等分bisection method 分半法;分半方法bisector 等分线 ;平分线Boolean algebra 布尔代数boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界(线);边界bounded 有界的bounded above 有上界的;上有界的bounded below 有下界的;下有界的bounded function 有界函数bounded sequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broken line graph 折线图calculation 计算calculator 计算器;计算器calculus (1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel 消法;相消canellation law 消去律canonical 典型; 标准capacity 容量cardioid 心脏Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面Cartesian product 笛卡儿积category 类型;范畴catenary 悬链Cauchy sequence 柯西序列Cauchy s principal value 柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem 中心极限定理central line 中线central tendency 集中趋centre 中心;心centre of a circle 圆心centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质量中心centrifugal force 离心力centripedal acceleration 向心加速度centripedal force force 向心力centroid 形心;距心certain event 必然事件chain rule 链式法则chance 机会change of axes 坐标轴的变换change of base 基的变换change of coordinates 坐标轴的变换change of subject 主项变换change of variable 换元;变量的换characteristic equation 特征(征)方程characteristic function 特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root 特征(征)根chart 图;图表check digit 检验数位checking 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular 圆形;圆的circular function 圆函数;三角函数circular measure 弧度法circular motion 圆周运动circular permutation 环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre 外心;外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumference 圆周circumradius 外接圆半径circumscribed circle 外接圆cissoid 蔓叶class 区;组;类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间;组距class limit 组限;区限class mark 组中点;区中点classical theory of probability 古典概率论classification 分类clnometer 测斜仪clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise moment 顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coaxial 共轴coaxial circles 共轴圆coaxial system 共轴系coded data 编码数据coding method 编码法co-domain 上域coefficient 系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of restitution 碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation 变差系数cofactor 余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix 列矩阵coincide 迭合;重合collection of terms 并项collinear 共线collinear planes 共线面collision 碰撞column (1)列;纵行;(2) 柱column matrix 列矩阵column vector 列向量combination 组合common chord 公弦common denominator 同分母;公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数;公约common factor 公因子;公因子common logarithm 常用对数common multiple 公位数;公倍common ratio 公比common tangent 公切commutative law 交换律comparable 可比较的compass 罗盘compass bearing 罗盘方位角compasses 圆规compasses construction 圆规作图compatible 可相容的complement 余;补余complement law 补余律complementary angle 余角complementary equation 补充方程complementary event 互补事件complementary function 余函数complementary probability 互补概率complete oscillation 全振动completing the square 配方complex conjugate 复共轭complex number 复数complex unmber plane 复数平面complex root 复数根component 分量component of force 分力composite function 复合函数; 合成函数composite number 复合数;合成数composition of mappings 映射构合composition of relations 复合关系compound angle 复角compound angle formula 复角公式compound bar chart 综合棒形图compound discount 复折扣compound interest 复利;复利息compound probability 合成概率compound statement 复合命题; 复合叙述computation 计算computer 计算机;电子计算器concave 凹concave downward 凹向下的concave polygon 凹多边形concave upward 凹向上的concentric circles 同心圆concept 概念conclusion 结论concurrent 共点concyclic 共圆concyclic points 共圆点condition 条件conditional 条件句;条件式conditional identity 条件恒等式conditional inequality 条件不等式conditional probability 条件概率cone 锥;圆锥(体)confidence coefficient 置信系数confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信极限confocal section 共焦圆锥曲congruence (1)全等;(2)同余congruence class 同余类congruent 全等congruent figures 全等图形congruent triangles 全等三角形conic 二次曲 ; 圆锥曲conic section 二次曲 ; 圆锥曲conical pendulum 圆锥摆conjecture 猜想conjugate 共轭conjugate axis 共轭conjugate diameters 共轭轴conjugate hyperbola 共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number 共轭双曲 conjugate radical 共轭虚/复数conjugate surd 共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction 合取connective 连词connector box 捙接框consecutive integers 连续整数consecutive numbers 连续数;相邻数consequence 结论;推论consequent 条件;后项conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation of momentum 动量守恒conserved 守恒consistency condition 相容条件consistent 一贯的;相容的consistent estimator 相容估计量constant 常数constant acceleration 恒加速度constant force 恒力constant of integration 积分常数constant speed 恒速率constant term 常项constant velocity 怛速度constraint 约束;约束条件construct 作construction 作图construction of equation 方程的设立continued proportion 连比例continued ratio 连比continuity 连续性continuity correction 连续校正continuous 连续的continuous data 连续数据continuous function 连续函数continuous proportion 连续比例continuous random variable 连续随机变量contradiction 矛盾converge 收敛convergence 收敛性convergent 收敛的convergent iteration 收敛的迭代convergent sequence 收敛序列convergent series 收敛级数converse 逆(定理)converse of a relation 逆关系converse theorem 逆定理conversion 转换convex 凸convex polygon 凸多边形convexity 凸性coordinate 坐标coordinate geometry 解析几何;坐标几何coordinate system 坐标系系定理;系;推论coplanar 共面coplanar forces 共面力coplanar lines 共面co-prime 互质; 互素corollary 系定理; 系; 推论correct to 准确至;取值至correlation 相关correlation coefficient 相关系数correspondence 对应corresponding angles (1)同位角;(2)对应角corresponding element 对应边corresponding sides 对应边cosecant 余割cosine 余弦cosine formula 余弦公式cost price 成本cotangent 余切countable 可数countable set 可数集countably infinite 可数无限counter clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向counter example 反例counting 数数;计数couple 力偶Carmer s rule 克莱玛法则criterion 准则critical point 临界点critical region 临界域cirtical value 临界值cross-multiplication 交叉相乘cross-section 横切面;横截面;截痕cube 正方体;立方;立方体cube root 立方根cubic 三次方;立方;三次(的)cubic equation 三次方程cubic roots of unity 单位的立方根cuboid 长方体;矩体cumulative 累积的cumulative distribution function 累积分布函数cumulative frequecy 累积频数;累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲cumulative frequcncy distribution 累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon 累积频数多边形;累积频率直方图curvature of a curve 曲线的曲率curve 曲线curve sketching 曲线描绘(法)curve tracing 曲线描迹(法)curved line 曲线curved surface 曲面curved surface area 曲面面积cyclic expression 输换式cyclic permutation 圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral 圆内接四边形cycloid 旋输线; 摆线cylinder 柱;圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱形的damped oscillation 阻尼振动data 数据De Moivre s theorem 棣美弗定理De Morgan s law 德摩根律decagon 十边形decay 衰变decay factor 衰变因子decelerate 减速decelaration 减速度decile 十分位数decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制decision box 判定框declarative sentence 说明语句declarative statement 说明命题decoding 译码decrease 递减decreasing function 递减函数;下降函数decreasing sequence 递减序列;下降序列decreasing series 递减级数;下降级数decrement 减量deduce 演绎deduction 推论deductive reasoning 演绎推理definite 确定的;定的definite integral 定积分definition 定义degenerated conic section 降级锥曲线degree (1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of confidence 置信度degree of freedom 自由度degree of ODE 常微分方程次数degree of precision 精确度delete 删除; 删去denary number 十进数denominator 分母dependence (1)相关; (2)应变dependent event(s) 相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable 应变量; 应变数depreciation 折旧derivable 可导derivative 导数derived curve 导函数曲线derived function 导函数derived statistics 推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order 递降序descending powers of x x的降序descriptive statistics 描述统计学detached coefficients 分离系数(法)determinant 行列式deviation 偏差; 变差deviation from the mean 离均差diagonal 对角线diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagram 图; 图表diameter 直径diameter of a conic 二次曲线的直径difference 差difference equation 差分方程difference of sets 差集differentiable 可微differential 微分differential coefficient 微商; 微分系数differential equation 微分方程differential mean value theorem 微分中值定理differentiate 求...的导数differentiate from first principle 从基本原理求导数differentiation 微分法digit 数字dimension 量; 量网; 维(数)direct impact 直接碰撞direct image 直接像direct proportion 正比例direct tax, direct taxation 直接税direct variation 正变(分)directed angle 有向角directed line 有向直线directed line segment 有向线段directed number 有向数direction 方向; 方位direction angle 方向角direction cosine 方向余弦direction number 方向数direction ratio 方向比directrix 准线Dirichlet function 狄利克来函数discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous 间断(的);连续(的); 不连续(的) discontinuous point 不连续点discount 折扣discrete 分立; 离散discrete data 离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable 间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution 离散均匀分布discriminant 判别式disjoint 不相交的disjoint sets 不相交的集disjunction 析取dispersion 离差displacement 位移disprove 反证distance 距离distance formula 距离公式distinct roots 相异根distincr solution 相异解distribution 公布distributive law 分配律diverge 发散divergence 发散(性)divergent 发散的divergent iteration 发散性迭代divergent sequence 发散序列divergent series 发散级数divide 除dividend (1)被除数;(2)股息divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数;除式;因子divisor of zero 零因子dodecagon 十二边形domain 定义域dot 点dot product 点积double angle 二倍角double angle formula 二倍角公式double root 二重根dual 对偶duality (1)对偶性; (2) 双重性due east/ south/ west /north 向东/ 南/ 西/ 北dynamics 动力学eccentric angle 离心角eccentric circles 离心圆eccentricity 离心率echelon form 梯阵式echelon matrix 梯矩阵edge 棱;边efficient estimator 有效估计量effort 施力eigenvalue 本征值eigenvector 本征向量elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic force 弹力elasticity 弹性element 元素elementary event 基本事件elementary function 初等函数elementary row operation 基本行运算elimination 消法elimination method 消去法;消元法ellipse 椭圆ellipsiod 椭球体elliptic function 椭圆函数elongation 伸张;展empirical data 实验数据empirical formula 实验公式empirical probability 实验概率;经验概率empty set 空集encoding 编码enclosure 界限end point 端点energy 能; 能量entire surd 整方根epicycloid 外摆线equal 相等equal ratios theorem 等比定理equal roots 等根equal sets 等集equality 等(式)equality sign 等号equation 方程equation in one unknown 一元方程equation in two unknowns(variables) 二元方程equation of a straight line 直线方程equation of locus 轨迹方程equiangular 等角(的)equidistant 等距(的)equilateral 等边(的)equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equilibrium 平衡equiprobable 等概率的equiprobable space 等概率空间equivalence 等价equivalence class 等价类equivalence relation 等价关系equivalent 等价(的)error 误差error allowance 误差宽容度error estimate 误差估计error term 误差项error tolerance 误差宽容度escribed circle 旁切圆estimate 估计;估计量estimator 估计量Euclidean algorithm 欧几里德算法Euclidean geometry 欧几里德几何Euler s formula 尤拉公式;欧拉公式evaluate 计值even function 偶函数even number 偶数evenly distributed 均匀分布的event 事件exact 真确exact differential form 恰当微分形式exact solution 准确解;精确解;真确解exact value 法确解;精确解;真确解example 例excentre 外心exception 例外excess 起exclusive 不包含exclusive disjunction 不包含性析取exclusive events 互斥事件exercise 练习exhaustive event(s) 彻底事件existential quantifier 存在量词expand 展开expand form 展开式expansion 展式expectation 期望expectation value, expected value 期望值;预期值experiment 实验;试验experimental 试验的experimental probability 实验概率explicit function 显函数exponent 指数exponential function 指数函数exponential order 指数阶; 指数级express…in terms of…以………表达expression 式;数式extension 外延;延长;扩张;扩充extension of a function 函数的扩张exterior angle 外角external angle bisector 外分角external point of division 外分点extreme point 极值点extreme value 极值extremum 极值face 面factor 因子;因式;商factor method 因式分解法factor theorem 因子定理;因式定理factorial 阶乘factorization 因子分解;因式分解factorization of polynomial 多项式因式分解fallacy 谬误FALSE 假(的)falsehood 假值family 族family of circles 圆族family of concentric circles 同心圆族family of straight lines 直线族feasible solution 可行解;容许解Fermat s last theorem 费尔马最后定理Fibonacci number 斐波那契数;黄金分割数Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fictitious mean 假定平均数figure (1)图(形);(2)数字final velocity 末速度finite 有限finite dimensional vector space 有限维向量空间finite population 有限总体finite probability space 有限概率空间finite sequence 有限序列finite series 有限级数finite set 有限集first approximation 首近似值first derivative 一阶导数first order differential equation 一阶微分方程first projection 第一投影; 第一射影first quartile 第一四分位数first term 首项fixed deposit 定期存款fixed point 定点fixed point iteration method 定点迭代法fixed pulley 定滑轮flow chart 流程图focal axis 焦轴focal chord 焦弦focal length 焦距focus(foci) 焦点folium of Descartes 笛卡儿叶形线foot of perpendicular 垂足for all X 对所有Xfor each /every X 对每一Xforce 力forced oscillation 受迫振动form 形式;型formal proof 形式化的证明format 格式;规格formula(formulae) 公式four leaved rose curve 四瓣玫瑰线four rules 四则four-figure table 四位数表fourth root 四次方根fraction 分数;分式fraction in lowest term 最简分数fractional equation 分式方程fractional index 分数指数fractional inequality 分式不等式free fall 自由下坠free vector 自由向量; 自由矢量frequency 频数;频率frequency distribution 频数分布;频率分布frequency distribution table 频数分布表frequency polygon 频数多边形;频率多边形friction 摩擦; 摩擦力frictionless motion 无摩擦运动frustum 平截头体fulcrum 支点function 函数function of function 复合函数;迭函数functional notation 函数记号fundamental theorem of algebra 代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理gain 增益;赚;盈利gain perent 赚率;增益率;盈利百分率game (1)对策;(2)博奕Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Gaussian elimination 高斯消去法general form 一般式;通式general solution 通解;一般解general term 通项generating function 母函数; 生成函数generator (1)母线; (2)生成元geoborad 几何板geometric distribution 几何分布geometric mean 几何平均数;等比中项geometric progression 几何级数;等比级数geometric sequence 等比序列geometric series 等比级数geometry 几何;几何学given 给定;已知global 全局; 整体global maximum 全局极大值; 整体极大值global minimum 全局极小值; 整体极小值golden section 黄金分割grade 等级gradient (1)斜率;倾斜率;(2)梯度grand total 总计graph 图像;图形;图表graph paper 图表纸graphical method 图解法graphical representation 图示;以图样表达graphical solution 图解gravitational acceleration 重力加速度gravity 重力greatest term 最大项greatest value 最大值grid lines 网网格线group 组;grouped data 分组数据;分类数据grouping terms 并项;集项growth 增长growth factor 增长因子half angle 半角half angle formula 半角公式half closed interval 半闭区间half open interval 半开区间harmonic mean (1) 调和平均数; (2) 调和中项harmonic progression 调和级数head 正面(钱币)height 高(度)helix 螺旋线hemisphere 半球体;半球heptagon 七边形Heron s formula 希罗公式heterogeneous (1)参差的; (2)不纯一的hexagon 六边形higher order derivative 高阶导数highest common factor(H.C.F) 最大公因子;最高公因式;最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral 阿刺伯数字histogram 组织图;直方图;矩形图Holder s Inequality 赫耳德不等式homogeneous 齐次的homogeneous equation 齐次方程Hooke s law 虎克定律horizontal 水平的;水平horizontal asymptote 水平渐近线horizontal component 水平分量horizontal line 横线 ;水平线 horizontal range 水平射程hyperbola 双曲线hyperbolic function 双曲函数hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布hypocycloid 内摆线hypotenuse 斜边hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验hypothetical syllogism 假设三段论hypotrochoid 次内摆线idempotent 全幂等的identical 全等;恒等identity 等(式)identity element 单位元identity law 同一律identity mapping 恒等映射identity matrix 恒等矩阵identity relation 恒等关系式if and only if/iff 当且仅当;若且仅若if…, then 若….则;如果…..则illustration 例证;说明image 像点;像image axis 虚轴imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary number 虚数imaginary part 虚部imaginary root 虚根imaginary unit 虚数单位impact 碰撞implication 蕴涵式;蕴含式implicit definition 隐定义implicit function 隐函数imply 蕴涵;蕴含impossible event 不可能事件improper fraction 假分数improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分impulse 冲量impulsive force 冲力incentre 内力incircle 内切圆inclination 倾角;斜角inclined plane 斜面included angle 夹角included side 夹边inclusion mapping 包含映射inclusive 包含的;可兼的inclusive disjunction 包含性析取;可兼析取inconsistent 不相的(的);不一致(的) increase 递增;增加increasing function 递增函数increasing sequence 递增序列increasing series 递增级数increment 增量indefinite integral 不定积分idenfinite integration 不定积分法independence 独立;自变independent equations 独立方程independent event 独立事件independent variable 自变量;独立变量indeterminate (1)不定的;(2)不定元;未定元indeterminate coefficient 不定系数;未定系数indeterminate form 待定型;不定型index,indices 指数;指index notation 指数记数法induced operation 诱导运算induction hypothesis 归纳法假设inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inequality 不等式;不等inequality sign 不等号inertia 惯性;惯量infer 推断inference 推论infinite 无限;无穷infinite dimensional 无限维infinite population 无限总体infinite sequence 无限序列;无穷序列infinite series 无限级数;无穷级数infinitely many 无穷多infinitesimal 无限小;无穷小infinity 无限(大);无穷(大)inflection (inflexion) point 拐点;转折点inherent error 固有误差initial approximation 初始近似值initial condition 原始条件;初值条件initial point 始点;起点initial side 始边initial value 初值;始值initial velocity 初速度initial-value problem 初值问题injection 内射injective function 内射函数inner product 内积input 输入input box 输入inscribed circle 内切圆insertion 插入insertion of brackets 加括号instantaneous 瞬时的instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度instantaneous speed 瞬时速率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度integer 整数integrable 可积integrable function 可积函数integral 积分integral index 整数指数integral mean value theorem 积数指数integral part 整数部份integral solution 整数解integral value 整数值integrand 被积函数integrate 积;积分;......的积分integrating factor 积分因子integration 积分法integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法;换元积分法integration constant 积分常数interaction 相互作用intercept 截距;截段intercept form 截距式intercept theorem 截线定理interchange 互换interest 利息interest rate 利率interest tax 利息税interior angle 内角interior angles on the same side of the transversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角intermediate value theorem 介值定理internal bisector 内分角internal division 内分割internal energy 内能internal force 内力internal point of division 内分点interpolating polynomial 插值多项式interpolation 插值inter-quartile range 四分位数间距intersect 相交intersection (1)交集;(2)相交;(3)交点interval 区间interval estimation 区间估计;区域估计intuition 直观invalid 失效;无效invariance 不变性invariant (1)不变的;(2)不变量;不变式inverse 反的;逆的inverse circular function 反三角函数inverse cosine function 反余弦函数inverse function 反函数;逆函数inverse cosine function 反三角函数inverse function 反函数;逆映射inverse mapping 反向映射;逆映射inverse matrix 逆矩阵inverse problem 逆算问题inverse proportion 反比例;逆比例inverse relation 逆关系inverse sine function 反正弦函数inverse tangent function 反正切函数inverse variation 反变(分);逆变(分)invertible 可逆的invertible matrix 可逆矩阵irrational equation 无理方程irrational number 无理数irreducibility 不可约性irregular 不规则isomorphism 同构isosceles triangle 等腰三角形iterate (1)迭代值; (2)迭代iteration 迭代iteration form 迭代形iterative function 迭代函数iterative method 迭代法jet propulsion 喷气推进joint variation 联变(分);连变(分)kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦known 己知L.H.S. 末项L Hospital s rule 洛必达法则Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日插值多项代Lagrange theorem 拉格朗日定理Lami s law 拉密定律Laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展式last term 末项latent root 本征根; 首通径lattice point 格点latus rectum 正焦弦; 首通径law 律;定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of indices 指数律;指数定律law of inference 推论律law of trichotomy 三分律leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 主对角线least common multiple, lowest common multiple (L.C.M) 最小公倍数;最低公倍式least value 最小值left hand limit 左方极限lemma 引理lemniscate 双纽线length 长(度)letter 文字;字母like surd 同类根式like terms 同类项limacon 蜗牛线limit 极限limit of sequence 序列的极限limiting case 极限情况limiting friction 最大静摩擦limiting position 极限位置line 线;行line of action 作用力线line of best-fit 最佳拟合line of greatest slope 最大斜率的直 ;最大斜率line of intersection 交线line segment 线段linear 线性;一次linear convergence 线性收敛性linear differeantial equation 线性微分方程linear equation 线性方程;一次方程linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程;二元线性方程linear inequality 一次不等式;线性不等式linear momentum 线动量linear programming 线性规划linearly dependent 线性相关的linearly independent 线性无关的literal coefficient 文字系数literal equation 文字方程load 负荷loaded coin 不公正钱币loaded die 不公正骰子local maximum 局部极大(值)local minimum 局部极小(值)locus, loci 轨迹logarithm 对数logarithmic equation 对数方程logarithmic function 对数函数logic 逻辑logical deduction 逻辑推论;逻辑推理logical step 逻辑步骤long division method 长除法loop 回路loss 赔本;亏蚀loss per cent 赔率;亏蚀百分率lower bound 下界lower limit 下限lower quartile 下四分位数lower sum 下和lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵lowest common multiple(L.C.M) 最小公倍数machine 机械Maclaurin expansion 麦克劳林展开式Maclaurin series 麦克劳林级数magnitude 量;数量;长度;大小major arc 优弧;大弧major axis 长轴major sector 优扇形;大扇形major segment 优弓形;大弓形mantissa 尾数mantissa of logarithm 对数的尾数;对数的定值部many to one 多个对一个many-sided figure 多边形many-valued 多值的map into 映入map onto 映上mapping 映射marked price 标价Markov chain 马可夫链mass 质量mathematical analysis 数学分析mathematical induction 数学归纳法mathematical sentence 数句mathematics 数学matrix 阵; 矩阵matrix addition 矩阵加法matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix multiplication 矩阵乘法matrix operation 矩阵运算maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差maximum point 极大点maximum value 极大值mean 平均(值);平均数;中数mean deviation 中均差;平均偏差mean value theorem 中值定理measure of dispersion 离差的量度measurement 量度mechanical energy 机械能median (1)中位数;(2)中线meet 相交;相遇mensuration 计量;求积法method 方法method of completing square 配方法method of interpolation 插值法; 内插法method of least squares 最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution 代换法;换元法method of successive substitution 逐次代换法; 逐次调替法method of superposition 迭合法metric unit 十进制单位mid-point 中点mid-point formula 中点公式mid-point theorem 中点定理million 百万minimize 极小minimum point 极小点minimum value 极小值Minkowski Inequality 闵可夫斯基不等式minor (1)子行列式;(2)劣;较小的minor arc 劣弧;小弧minor axis 短轴minor of a determinant 子行列式minor sector 劣扇形;小扇形minor segment 劣弓形;小弓形minus 减minute 分mixed number(fraction) 带分数modal class 众数组mode 众数model 模型modulo (1)模; 模数; (2)同余modulo arithmetic 同余算术modulus 模; 模数modulus of a complex number 复数的模modulus of elasticity 弹性模(数)moment arm (1)矩臂; (2)力臂moment of a force 力矩moment of inertia 贯性矩momentum 动量monomial 单项式monotone 单调monotonic convergence 单调收敛性monotonic decreasing 单调递减monotonic decreasing function 单调递减函数monotonic function 单调函数monotonic increasing 单调递增monotonic increasing function 单调递增函数motion 运动movable pulley 动滑轮multinomial 多项式multiple 倍数multiple angle 倍角multiple-angle formula 倍角公式multiple root 多重根multiplicand 被乘数multiplication 乘法multiplication law (of probability) (概率)乘法定律multiplicative inverse 乘法逆元multiplicative property 可乘性multiplicity 重数multiplier 乘数;乘式multiply 乘multi-value 多值的mulually disjoint 互不相交mutually exclusive events 互斥事件mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直n factorial n阶乘n th derivative n阶导数n th root n次根;n次方根n the root of unity 单位的n次根Napierian logarithm 纳皮尔对数; 自然对数natural logarithm 自然对数natural number 自然数natural surjection 自然满射necessary and sufficient condition 充要条件necessary condition 必要条件negation 否定式negative 负negative angle 负角negative binomial distribution 负二项式分布negative index 负指数negative integer 负整数negative number 负数negative vector 负向量; 负矢量neighborhood 邻域net 净(值)net force 净力Newton-Cote s rule 牛顿 - 高斯法则Newton-Raphson s method 牛顿 - 纳逊方法Newton s formula 牛顿公式Newton s law of motion 牛顿运动定律Newton s method 牛顿方法n-gon n边形nonagon 九边形non-collinear 不共线non-commutative 非交换的non-linear 非线性non-linear equation 非线性方程non-negative 非负的。
数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇
数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇整理————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:数学常用词汇中英文对照Mathematical vocabulary一、代数部分(Algebra part)1、有关计算some basic operationadd[æd,plus[plʌs]加subtract[səbˈtrækt]减difference[ˈdifərəns]差multiply[ˈmʌltiplai],times[taɪmz]乘product[ˈprɔdʌkt]积divide[diˈvaid]除divisible[dɪˈvɪzəbəl]可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend[ˈdividend],美[ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd] 被除数divisor[dɪˈvaɪzə] 因子,除数quotient[ˈkwəʊʃənt]商remainder[riˈmeində] 余数factorial[fækˈtɔ:riəl]阶乘power[ˈpauə] 乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号round to四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合setsEmpty [ˈempti]sets空集Subset[ˈsʌbset]子集Intersection[intəˈsekʃən]交集union[ˈju:njən] 并集complement[ˈkɔmplimənt] 补集proper[ˈprɔpə] subset真子集solution [səˈlu:ʃən]set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式(algebraic expression, equation and inequalities)algebraic term[ˌældʒiˈbreiik tə:m]代数项like[laik] terms,similar[ˈsimilə] terms同类项numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]数字系数literal coefficient[ˈlitərəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]字母系数inequality[ˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:] 不等式triangle inequality[ˈtraiæŋɡlˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:]三角不等式range[reindʒ]值域original equation[əˈridʒinəl iˈkweiʃən] 原方程equivalent equation[iˈkwivələnt iˈkweiʃən]同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)Binomial[baiˈnəumiəl] 【GMAT】二项式Trinomial [traiˈnəumjəl] 【GMAT】三相式Complete quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation[iˈkweiʃən]【GMAT】完全二次方程Complementary [ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function 【GMAT】余函数Equivalence[ɪˈkwɪvələns] relation 【GMAT】等价关系Factorable quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation 【GMAT】可因式分解的二次方程Incomplete[ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t] quadratic equation 【GMAT】不完全二次方程be equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] to anther equation【GRE】与另一方程痛解clear an equation of fractions[ˈfrækʃəns]分式方程整式化like(similar) terms[laik tə:ms] 同类项unlike[ˌʌnˈlaik] terms非同类项【GRE】numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt] 【GRE】数字系数4.有关分数和小数(fraction and decimal)proper [ˈprɔpə]fraction[ˈfrækʃən真分数improper[ɪmˈprɔpə] fraction假分数mixed number[mɪkst ˈnʌmbə]带分数vulgar fraction[ˈvʌlɡəˈfrækʃən],common[ˈkɔmən] fraction普通分数simple[ˈsimpl] fraction简分数complex[ˈkɔmpleks] fraction繁分数numerator[ˈnu:məˌreɪtə, ˈnju:-] 分子denominator[dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə]分母(least)common denominator([li:st])[ˈkɔmən dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə] (最小)公分母quarter[ˈkwɔ:tə]四分之一decimal fraction[ˈdesiməl ˈfrækʃən]纯小数infinite decimal[ˈinfinitˈdesiməl ] 无穷小数recurring decimal[riˈkəːriŋˈdesiməl ]循环小数tenthsunit十分位Equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] fractions[ˈfrækʃən]【GMAT】等值分数Mixed[mɪkst] 【GMAT】decimal 混合小数cancellation[ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən]【GRE】约掉,消掉calculate to three decimal places计算结果保留三位小数invert[inˈvə:t] a fraction[ˈfrækʃən]【GRE】求一个分数的倒数5.基本数学概念(elementary mathematical concepts)arithmetic mean[əˈriθmətik mi:n]] 算术平均值weighted average[ˈweitidˈævəridʒ] 加权平均值geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] mean几何平均数exponent[eksˈpəunənt]指数,幂base[beis] 乘幂的底数,底边cube[kju:b] 立方数,立方体square[skwɛə] root[ru:t] 平方根cube root[kju:b ru:t ]立方根common logarithm[ˈlɔ:gəˌrɪðəm, ˈlɔgə-] 常用对数digit[ˈdidʒit] 数字constant[ˈkɔnstənt] 常数variable[ˈvɛəriəbl,ˈveəriəbl]变量inversefunction反函数complementary[ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function[ˈfʌŋkʃən]余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value[ˈæbsəlu:t ˈvælju]绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off[raund,ɔf]四舍五入mean proportional[prəˈpɔ:ʃənəl]【GRE】比例中项to the nearest 10% 精确到10%6.有关数论(numbers)natural[ˈnætʃərəl,ˈnætʃrəl] number[ˈnʌmbə,ˈnʌmbə(r)] 自然数positive[ˈpɔzitiv] number正数negative[ˈneɡətiv] number负数odd integer[ɔd ˈɪntɪdʒə ],odd number奇数even[ˈi:vən] integer,even number偶数integer,whole number[həul ˈnʌmbə] 整数positive [ˈpɔzitiv]whole number正整数negative[ˈneɡətiv] whole number负整数consecutive[kənˈsekjutiv,kənˈsekjətɪv] number连续整数real [riəl,ˈriːəl]number,rational[ˈræʃənl] number实数,有理数irrational[ɪˈræʃənəl](number)无理数nonzero[ˈnɔnziərəu]非零;非零的【GRE】inverse[ɪnˈvɜ:s, ˈɪnˌvɜ:s]倒数composite[ˈkɔmpəzit] number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime[praim] number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal[riˈsiprəkəl] 倒数common divisor[ˈkɔmən dɪˈvaɪzə]公约数multiple[ˈmʌltipl]倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(praim)[ˈfæktə](质)因子common factor公因子Complex conjugate [ˈkɔndʒəɡeit]【GMAT】复共轭ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative[ˈnɔnˈneɡətiv] 非负的tens[tens]十位units[ˈju:nit]个位mode[məud]众数median[ˈmi:di:ən] 中数common ratio[ˈreiʃiəu]公比Infinity [ɪnˈfɪnɪti:] 【GMAT】无穷大Infinitesimal [ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl]【GMAT】无穷小aliquot[ˈælikwɔt]除得尽数【GRE】aliquant除不尽数【GRE】7.数列(sequence)arithmetic[əˈriθmətik] progression(sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] )等差数列geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] progression[prəˈgreʃən](sequence)等比数列8.其它(others)approximate[əˈprɔksimit]近似approximately[əˈprɔksimitli] 【GRE】近似的,大约的approximation[əˌprɔksəˈmeɪʃən] 【GRE】近似,近似值(anti)clockwise(ˈænti)[ˈklɔkwaiz](逆)顺时针方向cardinal[ˈkɑ:dinl]基数ordinal [ˈɔ:dnəl]序数direct proportion[diˈrekt prəˈpɔ:ʃən]正比distinct[disˈtiŋkt]不同的estimation[ˌestəˈmeɪʃən] 估计,近似parentheses括号proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]比例permutation[ˌpɜ:mjʊˈteɪʃən]排列combination[ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən]组合probability[ˌprɔbəˈbiliti] 概率,或然率distribution [ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən]分布normal distribution[ˈnɔ:məl ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən ]正态分布graph[ɡrɑ:f] 图表bar [bɑːr]graph条形统计图histogram[ˈhistəuɡræm] 柱形统计图broken line graph[ˈbrəukən lain]折线统计图curve[kə:v,kɜːv/]diagram[ˈdaiəɡræm]曲线统计图pie[pai]diagram扇形统计图Numerical [nju:ˈmerikəl] analysis【GMAT】数值分析Mutually exclusive [i ksˈklu:siv]【GMA T】互相排斥Standard [ˈstændəd] deviationdeviation [ˌdi:vi:ˈeɪʃən] 【GMA T】标准方差Algebra [ˈældʒibrə]代数学【GRE】algebraic expression[iksˈpreʃən]【GRE】代数式algebraic [ˌældʒiˈbreiik]term 【GRE】代数项assume that[əˈsju:m]【GRE】假定义……at random[ˈrændəm]【GRE】随机地round brackets[raund brækɪt] ;parentheses[pəˈrenθɪsɪs]圆括号【GRE】square[skwɛə] brackets方括号【GRE】braces['breisiz] 花括号【GRE】几何部分 (Geometry part)1.所有的角(angles)alternate[ɔ:lˈtə:nit] angle[ˈæŋɡl]内错角corresponding[ˌkɔrisˈpɔndiŋ,ˌkɒrəˈspɒndɪŋ] angle同位角vertical [ˈvə:tikəl]angle对顶角central [ˈsentrəl]angle圆心角interior[inˈtiəriə] angle内角exterior[eksˈtiəriə] angle外角supplement[ˈsʌpliment] aryangles补角complement [ˈkɔmplimənt]aryangle余角adjacent[əˈdʒeisənt] angle邻角acute [əˈkju:t]angle锐角obtuse [ɔbˈtu:s, -ˈtju:s, əb-] angle钝角right [rait]angle直角round[raund] angle周角straight [streit]angle平角included [ɪnˈklu:dɪd]angle夹角Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]【GMA T】同旁外角at right angles [ˈæŋglz]with与……成直角【GRE】be perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ] to【GRE】垂直于2.所有的三角形(triangle)[ˈtraiæŋɡl]equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] triangle等边三角形scalene[ˈskeɪˌli:n, skeɪˈli:n] triangle不等边三角形isosceles[aɪˈsɔsəˌli:z] triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed[ɪnˈskraɪbt] triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外(plain graph)semicircle[ˈsemɪˌsɜ:kəl]半圆concentriccircles[kənˈsentrɪk sɜ:kəl]同心圆eccentric偏心圆,;不同圆心的【GRE】quadrilateral[ˌkwɔdrəˈlætərəl] 四边形pentagon[ˈpentəˌgɔn]五边形hexagon[ˈheksəˌgɔn]六边形heptagon[ˈheptəɡən] 七边形octagon[ˈɔktəˌgɔn]八边形nonagon[ˈnɔnəɡən] 九边形decagon[ˈdekəˌgɔn]十边形polygon[ˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 多边形parallelogram[ˌpærəˈleləˌgræm]平行四边形equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] 等边形plane[plein]平面square[skwɛə]正方形,平方rectangle[ˈrektæŋɡl] 长方形regular polygon[ˈreɡjuləˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 正多边形rhombus[ˈrɔmbəs] 菱形trapezoid[ˈtræpizɔid]梯形4.其它平面图形(others)arc[ɑ:k] 弧line[lain] ,straight line直线line segment[ˈseɡmənt] 线段parallel [ˈpærəlel]lines平行线segment of a circle[ˈsə:kl] 弧形secant[ˈsi:kənt]割线【GRE】segment[ˈseɡmənt] 【GRE】弓形;部分transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]横截线【GRE】e.g. ~of parallel lines 5.有关立体图形(solid figure)cube立方体,立方数rectangular[rekˈtæŋɡjulə] solid[ˈsɔlid]长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron[pɔliˈhedrən]正多面体circular cylinder[ˈsə:kjuləˈsilində]圆柱体cone cone圆锥sphere[sfiə] 球体solid[ˈsɔlid]立体的6.有关图形上的附属物(adjunct)altitude[ˈæltitju:d] 高depth[depθ]深度side边长circumference[səˈkʌmfərəns],perimeter[pəˈrɪmɪtə]周长radian[ˈreidjən]弧度surface area[ˈsə:fis][ˈɛəriə]表面积volume[ˈvɔlju:m]体积arm[ɑ:m]直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord[kɔ:d] 弦radius[ˈreidjəs]半径angle bisector[ˈbaɪˌsektə, baɪˈsek-] 角平分线diagonal[daɪˈægənəl]对角线diameter[daiˈæmitə] 直径edge[edʒ] 棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse[haɪˈpɔtnˌu:s, -ˌju:s]斜边included side夹边leg[leɡ]三角形的直角边medianofatriangle[ˈmi:djə,nɔfeiˈtraiæŋɡl] 三角形的中线base[beis] 底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite[ˈɔpəzit]直角三角形中的对边midpoint[ˈmidˌpɔint]中点endpoint[ˈendpɔint]端点vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks] (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent[ˈtændʒənt]切线的transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]截线intercept[ˌɪntəˈsept]截距vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks]顶点【GRE】7.有关坐标(coordinate)coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit]system坐标系rectangular coordinate[rekˈtæŋɡjuləkəuˈɔ:dineit]直角坐标系origin[ˈɔridʒin]原点X-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]【GRE】X坐标abscissa[æbˈsɪsə] 横坐标Y-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]Y坐标【GRE】ordinate[ˈɔ:dnɪt, -ˌeɪt]纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant[ˈkwɔdrənt,ˈkwɑːd-]象限slope[sləup]斜率complex plane[plein] 复平面8.其它(others)plane geometry[dʒiˈɔmitri]平面几何trigonometry[ˌtrɪgəˈnɔmɪtri:] 三角学bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt]平分circumscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]外切inscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]内切intersect[ˌɪntəˈsekt]相交perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ]垂直pythagorean theorem[ˈθi:ərəm, ˈθɪərəm]勾股定理congruent[ˈkɔŋgru:ənt, kənˈgru:-] 全等的multilateral[ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl]多边的Clockwise[ˈklɔkwaiz]【GMAT】顺时钟方向Counterclockwise[ˌkaʊntəˈklɔkˌwaɪz]【GMAT】逆时钟方向bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt] 【GRE】把……二等分bound[baund] 【GRE】辩解,范围;邻接其它done(drawn[drɔ:n]) to scale[skeil]【GRE】按比例绘制1.单位类cent[sent] 美分penny[ˈpeni]一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime[daim]一角硬币dozen[ˈdʌzn] 打(12个)score[skɔ:] 廿(20个)Centigrade[ˈsentiɡreid]摄氏Fahrenheit[ˈfærənˌhaɪt] 华氏quart[kwɔ:t]夸脱gallon[ˈɡælən]加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard[jɑ:d]码meter[ˈmi:tə]米micron[ˈmaikrɔn]微米inch[intʃ]英寸foot[intʃ]英尺minute[ˈminit] 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter[ˈkju:bɪkˈmi:tə]立方米pint[paɪnt]品脱(干量或液量的单位)footcandle[ˈfutˈkændl]【GRE】(物理)英尺烛光(照度单位)2、数据类Apiece[əˈpi:s] 每人Per capita[ˈkeɪpətə]每人Decrease[di:ˈkri:s] to 减少到Decrease decrease by 减少了Brace[breis] 双Down payment[ˈpeimənt]定金,预付金Interest[ˈintrist]利息Simple interest[ˈintrist] 单利Compounded interest 复利compound[ˈkɔmpaund] annual interest年复利【GRE】Discount [ˈdiskaunt] 折扣Cumulative [ˈkju:mjulətiv]graph 累计图Margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] 利润Retail[ˈri:teil] price 批发价Common[ˈkɔmən] year 平年Intercalary[inˈtə:kələri] year(leap year) 闰年3.30上午张依蕾整理。
(完整word版)数学术语英文对照
代数部分1.有关数学运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数,红利divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集subset真子集set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程,等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数fraction假分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator 分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数function余函数一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational number无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意:所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数,但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinary scale,decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8. 其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其他1.单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) square measure平方单位制cubic meter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人比率retail price零售价tie打。
数学常用词汇中英文对照
数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算:add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域页脚内容1original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量页脚内容2inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数页脚内容3common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角页脚内容4obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形页脚内容5arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边页脚内容6leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类页脚内容7cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) squaremeasure 平方单位制cubicmeter 立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天)depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到页脚内容8increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集)set非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers 自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all positive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set无限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset补集(余集)complementary set全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers奇数集the set of all odd numbers页脚内容9含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition 充分条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition……的充要条件是………if and only if …函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image页脚内容10单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval 反函数inverse function指数exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function 对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm 自然对数natural logarithm 对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series公差common difference等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列geometric progression,geometric series公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三角函数页脚内容11三角函数trigonometric function 始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent平面向量页脚内容12有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar 单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean几何平均数geometric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式gradient intercept form两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming页脚内容13约束条件constraint condition 目标函数objective function 可行域feasible region最优解optimal solution圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate解析几何analytic geometry笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standard equation一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points焦距focal length长轴major axis短轴minor axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis渐近线asymptote页脚内容14抛物线parabola准线directrix页脚内容15。
数学词汇英汉对照
数学词汇英汉对照add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数,红利divisor 因子,除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation同解方程,等价方程linear equation 线性方程proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator (最小)公分母decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数,幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数,立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的,线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对,round off 四舍五入微积分第一章函数与极限Chapter1 Function and Limit集合 set元素 element子集 subset空集 empty set并集 union交集 intersection差集 difference of set基本集 basic set补集 complement set直积 direct product笛卡儿积 Cartesian product开区间 open interval闭区间 closed interval半开区间 half open interval有限区间 finite interval区间的长度 length of an interval无限区间 infinite interval领域 neighborhood领域的中心 centre of a neighborhood 领域的半径 radius of a neighborhood 左领域 left neighborhood右领域 right neighborhood映射 mappingX到Y的映射 mapping of X ontoY满射 surjection单射 injection一一映射 one-to-one mapping双射 bijection算子 operator变化 transformation函数 function逆映射 inverse mapping复合映射 composite mapping自变量 independent variable因变量 dependent variable定义域 domain函数值 value of function函数关系 function relation值域 range自然定义域 natural domain单值函数 single valued function多值函数 multiple valued function单值分支 one-valued branch函数图形 graph of a function绝对值函数 absolute value符号函数 sigh function整数部分 integral part阶梯曲线 step curve当且仅当 if and only if(iff)分段函数 piecewise function上界 upper bound下界 lower bound有界 boundedness无界 unbounded函数的单调性 monotonicity of a function单调增加的 increasing单调减少的 decreasing单调函数 monotone function函数的奇偶性 parity(odevity) of a function 对称 symmetry偶函数 even function奇函数 odd function函数的周期性 periodicity of a function周期 period反函数 inverse function直接函数 direct function复合函数 composite function中间变量 intermediate variable函数的运算 operation of function基本初等函数 basic elementary function初等函数 elementary function幂函数 power function指数函数 exponential function对数函数 logarithmic function三角函数 trigonometric function反三角函数 inverse trigonometric function常数函数 constant function双曲函数 hyperbolic function双曲正弦 hyperbolic sine双曲余弦 hyperbolic cosine双曲正切 hyperbolic tangent反双曲正弦 inverse hyperbolic sine反双曲余弦 inverse hyperbolic cosine反双曲正切 inverse hyperbolic tangent极限 limit数列 sequence of number收敛 convergence收敛于 a converge to a发散 divergent极限的唯一性 uniqueness of limits收敛数列的有界性 boundedness of a convergent sequence子列 subsequence函数的极限 limits of functions函数当x趋于x0时的极限 limit of functions as x approaches x0 左极限 left limit右极限 right limit单侧极限 one-sided limits水平渐近线 horizontal asymptote无穷小 infinitesimal无穷大 infinity铅直渐近线 vertical asymptote夹逼准则 squeeze rule单调数列 monotonic sequence高阶无穷小 infinitesimal of higher order低阶无穷小 infinitesimal of lower order同阶无穷小 infinitesimal of the same order等阶无穷小 equivalent infinitesimal函数的连续性 continuity of a function增量 increment函数在x0连续 the function is continuous at x0左连续 left continuous右连续 right continuous区间上的连续函数 continuous function函数在该区间上连续 function is continuous on an interval 不连续点 discontinuity point第一类间断点 discontinuity point of the first kind第二类间断点 discontinuity point of the second kind初等函数的连续性 continuity of the elementary functions 定义区间 defined interval最大值 global maximum value (absolute maximum)最小值 global minimum value (absolute minimum)零点定理 the zero point theorem介值定理 intermediate value theorem第二章导数与微分Chapter2 Derivative and Differential速度 velocity匀速运动 uniform motion平均速度 average velocity瞬时速度 instantaneous velocity圆的切线 tangent line of a circle切线 tangent line切线的斜率 slope of the tangent line位置函数 position function导数 derivative可导 derivable函数的变化率问题 problem of the change rate of a function导函数 derived function左导数 left-hand derivative右导数 right-hand derivative单侧导数 one-sided derivatives在闭区间[a,b]上可导 is derivable on the closed interval [a,b] 切线方程 tangent equation角速度 angular velocity成本函数 cost function隐函数 implicit function显函数 explicit function二阶函数 second derivative三阶导数 third derivative高阶导数 nth derivative对数求导法 log- derivative参数方程 parametric equation相关变化率 correlative change rata凹凸性 concavity凹向上的 concave upward, cancave up凹向下的,向上凸的 concave downward’ concave down拐点 inflection point函数的极值 extremum of function极大值 local(relative) maximum最大值 global(absolute) mximum极小值 local(relative) minimum最小值 global(absolute) minimum目标函数 objective function曲率 curvature平均曲率 average curvature曲率园 circle of curvature曲率中心 center of curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature隔离区间 isolation interval切线法 tangent line method第四章不定积分Chapter4 Indefinite Integrals原函数 primitive function(antiderivative)积分号 sign of integration被积函数 integrand积分变量 integral variable积分曲线 integral curve积分表 table of integrals换元积分法 integration by substitution分部积分法 integration by parts分部积分公式 formula of integration by parts有理函数 rational function真分式 proper fraction假分式 improper fraction第五章定积分Chapter5 Definite Integrals曲边梯形 trapezoid with曲边 curve edge窄矩形 narrow rectangle曲边梯形的面积 area of trapezoid with curved edge积分下限 lower limit of integral积分上限 upper limit of integral积分区间 integral interval分割 partition积分和 integral sum可积 integrable矩形法 rectangle method积分中值定理 mean value theorem of integrals函数在区间上的平均值 average value of a function on an integvals牛顿-莱布尼茨公式 Newton-Leibniz formula微积分基本公式 fundamental formula of calculus换元公式 formula for integration by substitution递推公式 recurrence formula反常积分 improper integral反常积分发散 the improper integral is divergent反常积分收敛 the improper integral is convergent无穷限的反常积分 improper integral on an infinite interval 无界函数的反常积分 improper integral of unbounded functions 绝对收敛 absolutely convergent第六章定积分的应用Chapter6 Applications of the Definite Integrals元素法 the element method面积元素 element of area平面图形的面积 area of a luane figure直角坐标又称“笛卡儿坐标(Cartesian coordinates)”极坐标 polar coordinates抛物线 parabola椭圆 ellipse旋转体的面积 volume of a solid of rotation旋转椭球体 ellipsoid of revolution, ellipsoid of rotation 曲线的弧长 arc length of acurve可求长的 rectifiable光滑 smooth功 work水压力 water pressure引力 gravitation变力 variable force第七章空间解析几何与向量代数Chapter7 Space Analytic Geometry and Vector Algebra向量 vector自由向量 free vector单位向量 unit vector零向量 zero vector相等 equal平行 parallel向量的线性运算 linear poeration of vector三角法则 triangle rule平行四边形法则 parallelogram rule交换律 commutative law结合律 associative law负向量 negative vector差 difference分配律 distributive law空间直角坐标系 space rectangular coordinates坐标面 coordinate plane卦限 octant向量的模 modulus of vector向量a与b的夹角 angle between vector a and b方向余弦 direction cosine方向角 direction angle向量在轴上的投影 projection of a vector onto an axis数量积,外积,叉积 scalar product,dot product,inner product 曲面方程 equation for a surface球面 sphere旋转曲面 surface of revolution母线 generating line轴 axis圆锥面 cone顶点 vertex旋转单叶双曲面 revolution hyperboloids of one sheet旋转双叶双曲面 revolution hyperboloids of two sheets柱面 cylindrical surface ,cylinder圆柱面 cylindrical surface准线 directrix抛物柱面 parabolic cylinder二次曲面 quadric surface椭圆锥面 dlliptic cone椭球面 ellipsoid单叶双曲面 hyperboloid of one sheet双叶双曲面 hyperboloid of two sheets旋转椭球面 ellipsoid of revolution椭圆抛物面 elliptic paraboloid旋转抛物面 paraboloid of revolution双曲抛物面 hyperbolic paraboloid马鞍面 saddle surface椭圆柱面 elliptic cylinder双曲柱面 hyperbolic cylinder抛物柱面 parabolic cylinder空间曲线 space curve空间曲线的一般方程 general form equations of a space curve 空间曲线的参数方程 parametric equations of a space curve螺转线 spiral螺矩 pitch投影柱面 projecting cylinder投影 projection平面的点法式方程 pointnorm form eqyation of a plane法向量 normal vector平面的一般方程 general form equation of a plane两平面的夹角 angle between two planes点到平面的距离 distance from a point to a plane空间直线的一般方程 general equation of a line in space 方向向量 direction vector直线的点向式方程 pointdirection form equations of a line 方向数 direction number直线的参数方程 parametric equations of a line两直线的夹角 angle between two lines垂直 perpendicular直线与平面的夹角 angle between a line and a planes平面束 pencil of planes平面束的方程 equation of a pencil of planes行列式 determinant系数行列式 coefficient determinant第八章多元函数微分法及其应用Chapter8 Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables and Its Application 一元函数 function of one variable多元函数 function of several variables内点 interior point外点 exterior point边界点 frontier point,boundary point聚点 point of accumulation开集 openset闭集 closed set连通集 connected set开区域 open region闭区域 closed region有界集 bounded set无界集 unbounded setn维空间 n-dimentional space二重极限 double limit多元函数的连续性 continuity of function of seveal连续函数 continuous function不连续点 discontinuity point一致连续 uniformly continuous偏导数 partial derivative对自变量x的偏导数 partial derivative with respect to independent variable x 高阶偏导数 partial derivative of higher order二阶偏导数 second order partial derivative混合偏导数 hybrid partial derivative全微分 total differential偏增量 oartial increment偏微分 partial differential全增量 total increment可微分 differentiable必要条件 necessary condition充分条件 sufficient condition叠加原理 superpostition principle全导数 total derivative中间变量 intermediate variable隐函数存在定理 theorem of the existence of implicit function 曲线的切向量 tangent vector of a curve法平面 normal plane向量方程 vector equation向量值函数 vector-valued function切平面 tangent plane法线 normal line方向导数 directional derivative梯度 gradient数量场 scalar field梯度场 gradient field向量场 vector field势场 potential field引力场 gravitational field引力势 gravitational potential曲面在一点的切平面 tangent plane to a surface at a point曲线在一点的法线 normal line to a surface at a point无条件极值 unconditional extreme values条件极值 conditional extreme values拉格朗日乘数法 Lagrange multiplier method拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier经验公式 empirical formula最小二乘法 method of least squares均方误差 mean square error第九章重积分Chapter9 Multiple Integrals二重积分 double integral可加性 additivity累次积分 iterated integral体积元素 volume element三重积分 triple integral直角坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in rectangular coordinate system 柱面坐标 cylindrical coordinates柱面坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in cylindrical coordinate system 球面坐标 spherical coordinates球面坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in spherical coordinate system 反常二重积分 improper double integral曲面的面积 area of a surface质心 centre of mass静矩 static moment密度 density形心 centroid转动惯量 moment of inertia参变量 parametric variable第十章曲线积分与曲面积分Chapter10 Line(Curve)Integrals and Surface Integrals对弧长的曲线积分 line integrals with respect to arc hength第一类曲线积分 line integrals of the first type对坐标的曲线积分 line integrals with respect to x,y,and z第二类曲线积分 line integrals of the second type有向曲线弧 directed arc单连通区域 simple connected region复连通区域 complex connected region格林公式 Green formula第一类曲面积分 surface integrals of the first type对面的曲面积分 surface integrals with respect to area有向曲面 directed surface对坐标的曲面积分 surface integrals with respect to coordinate elements第二类曲面积分 surface integrals of the second type有向曲面元 element of directed surface高斯公式 gauss formula拉普拉斯算子 Laplace operator格林第一公式 Green’s first formula通量 flux散度 divergence斯托克斯公式 Stokes formula环流量 circulation旋度 rotation,curl第十一章无穷级数Chapter11 Infinite Series一般项 general term部分和 partial sum余项 remainder term等比级数 geometric series几何级数 geometric series公比 common ratio调和级数 harmonic series柯西收敛准则 Cauchy convergence criteria, Cauchy criteria for convergence 正项级数 series of positive terms达朗贝尔判别法 D’Alembert test柯西判别法 Cauchy test交错级数 alternating series绝对收敛 absolutely convergent条件收敛 conditionally convergent柯西乘积 Cauchy product函数项级数 series of functions发散点 point of divergence收敛点 point of convergence收敛域 convergence domain和函数 sum function幂级数 power series幂级数的系数 coeffcients of power series阿贝尔定理 Abel Theorem收敛半径 radius of convergence收敛区间 interval of convergence泰勒级数 Taylor series麦克劳林级数 Maclaurin series二项展开式 binomial expansion近似计算 approximate calculation舍入误差 round-off error,rounding error欧拉公式 Euler’s formula魏尔斯特拉丝判别法 Weierstrass test三角级数 trigonometric series振幅 amplitude角频率 angular frequency初相 initial phase矩形波 square wave谐波分析 harmonic analysis直流分量 direct component基波 fundamental wave二次谐波 second harmonic三角函数系 trigonometric function system傅立叶系数 Fourier coefficient傅立叶级数 Forrier series周期延拓 periodic prolongation正弦级数 sine series余弦级数 cosine series奇延拓 odd prolongation偶延拓 even prolongation傅立叶级数的复数形式 complex form of Fourier series 第十二章微分方程Chapter12 Differential Equation解微分方程 solve a dirrerential equation常微分方程 ordinary differential equation偏微分方程 partial differential equation,PDE微分方程的阶 order of a differential equation微分方程的解 solution of a differential equation微分方程的通解 general solution of a differential equation初始条件 initial condition二阶线性微分方程 second order linera differential equation线性相关 linearly dependence线性无关 linearly independce二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程 second order homogeneour linear differential equation with constant coefficient二阶变系数齐次线性微分方程 second order homogeneous linear differential equation with variable coefficient特征方程 characteristic equation无阻尼自由振动的微分方程 differential equation of free vibration with zero damping 固有频率 natural frequency简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation,simple harmonic vibration微分算子 differential operator待定系数法 method of undetermined coefficient共振现象 resonance phenomenon欧拉方程 Euler equation幂级数解法 power series solution数值解法 numerial solution勒让德方程 Legendre equation微分方程组 system of differential equations常系数线性微分方程组 system of linera differential equations with constant coefficient 按字母分类:V、X、Z:Value of function :函数值Variable :变数Vector :向量Velocity :速度Vertical asymptote :垂直渐近线Volume :体积X-axis :x轴x-coordinate :x坐标x-intercept :x截距Zero vector :函数的零点Zeros of a polynomial :多项式的零点T:Tangent function :正切函数Tangent line :切线Tangent plane :切平面Tangent vector :切向量Total differential :全微分Trigonometric function :三角函数Trigonometric integrals :三角积分Trigonometric substitutions :三角代换法Tripe integrals :三重积分S:Saddle point :鞍点Scalar :纯量Secant line :割线Second derivative :二阶导数Second Derivative Test :二阶导数试验法Second partial derivative :二阶偏导数Sector :扇形Sequence :数列Series :级数Set :集合Shell method :剥壳法Sine function :正弦函数Singularity :奇点Slant asymptote :斜渐近线Slope :斜率Slope-intercept equation of a line :直线的斜截式Smooth curve :平滑曲线Smooth surface :平滑曲面Solid of revolution :旋转体Space :空间Speed :速率Spherical coordinates :球面坐标Squeeze Theorem :夹挤定理Step function :阶梯函数Strictly decreasing :严格递减Strictly increasing :严格递增Sum :和Surface :曲面Surface integral :面积分Surface of revolution :旋转曲面Symmetry :对称R:Radius of convergence :收敛半径Range of a function :函数的值域Rate of change :变化率Rational function :有理函数Rationalizing substitution :有理代换法Rational number :有理数Real number :实数Rectangular coordinates :直角坐标Rectangular coordinate system :直角坐标系Relative maximum and minimum :相对极大值与极小值Revenue function :收入函数Revolution , solid of :旋转体Revolution , surface of :旋转曲面Riemann Sum :黎曼和Riemannian geometry :黎曼几何Right-hand derivative :右导数Right-hand limit :右极限Root :根P、Q:Parabola :拋物线Parabolic cylinder :抛物柱面Paraboloid :抛物面Parallelepiped :平行六面体Parallel lines :并行线Parameter :参数Partial derivative :偏导数Partial differential equation :偏微分方程Partial fractions :部分分式Partial integration :部分积分Partiton :分割Period :周期Periodic function :周期函数Perpendicular lines :垂直线Piecewise defined function :分段定义函数Plane :平面Point of inflection :反曲点Polar axis :极轴Polar coordinate :极坐标Polar equation :极方程式Pole :极点Polynomial :多项式Positive angle :正角Point-slope form :点斜式Power function :幂函数Product :积Quotient Law of limit :极限的商定律Quotient Rule :商定律M、N、O:Maximum and minimum values :极大与极小值Mean Value Theorem :均值定理Multiple integrals :重积分Multiplier :乘子Natural exponential function :自然指数函数Natural logarithm function :自然对数函数Natural number :自然数Normal line :法线Normal vector :法向量Number :数Octant :卦限Odd function :奇函数One-sided limit :单边极限Open interval :开区间Optimization problems :最佳化问题Order :阶Ordinary differential equation :常微分方程Origin :原点Orthogonal :正交的L:Laplace transform :Leplace 变换Law of Cosines :余弦定理Least upper bound :最小上界Left-hand derivative :左导数Left-hand limit :左极限Lemniscate :双钮线Length :长度Level curve :等高线L'Hospital's rule :洛必达法则Limacon :蚶线Linear approximation:线性近似Linear equation :线性方程式Linear function :线性函数Linearity :线性Linearization :线性化Line in the plane :平面上之直线Line in space :空间之直线Lobachevski geometry :罗巴切夫斯基几何Local extremum :局部极值Local maximum and minimum :局部极大值与极小值Logarithm :对数Logarithmic function :对数函数I:Implicit differentiation :隐求导法Implicit function :隐函数Improper integral :瑕积分Increasing/Decreasing Test :递增或递减试验法Increment :增量Increasing Function :增函数Indefinite integral :不定积分Independent variable :自变数Indeterminate from :不定型Inequality :不等式Infinite point :无穷极限Infinite series :无穷级数Inflection point :反曲点Instantaneous velocity :瞬时速度Integer :整数Integral :积分Integrand :被积分式Integration :积分Integration by part :分部积分法Intercepts :截距Intermediate value of Theorem :中间值定理Interval :区间Inverse function :反函数Inverse trigonometric function :反三角函数Iterated integral :逐次积分H:Higher mathematics 高等数学/高数E、F、G、H:Ellipse :椭圆Ellipsoid :椭圆体Epicycloid :外摆线Equation :方程式Even function :偶函数Expected Valued :期望值Exponential Function :指数函数Exponents , laws of :指数率Extreme value :极值Extreme Value Theorem :极值定理Factorial :阶乘。
数学常用词汇中英对照
数学常用词汇中英⽂文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divide by被整除dividend被除数divisor因⼦子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘⽅方radical sign,root sign根号round to四舍五⼊入tothenearest四舍五⼊入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真⼦子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、⽅方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三⾓角不等式range值域original equation原⽅方程equivalent equation同解⽅方程等价⽅方程linear equation线性⽅方程4.有关分数和⼩小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分⼦子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最⼩小)公分母quarter四分之⼀一decimal fraction纯⼩小数infinite decimal⽆无穷⼩小数recurring decimal循环⼩小数tenths' digit⼗〸十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean⼏几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube⽴立⽅方数,⽴立⽅方体square root平⽅方根cube root⽴立⽅方根common logarithm常⽤用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear⼀一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五⼊入6.有关数论natural number⾃自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)⽆无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最⼩小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因⼦子common factor公因⼦子ordinary scale,decimal scale⼗〸十进制nonnegative⾮非负的tens⼗〸十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公⽐比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等⽐比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针⽅方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正⽐比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion⽐比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三⾓角函数unit单位,位⼏几何部分1.所有的⾓角alternate angle内错⾓角corresponding angle同位⾓角vertical angle对顶⾓角central angle圆⼼心⾓角interior angle内⾓角exterior angle外⾓角supplementary angles补⾓角complementary angle余⾓角adjacent angle邻⾓角acute angle锐⾓角obtuse angle钝⾓角right angle直⾓角round angle周⾓角straight angle平⾓角included angle夹⾓角2.所有的三⾓角形equilateral triangle等边三⾓角形scalene triangle不等边三⾓角形isosceles triangle等腰三⾓角形right triangle直⾓角三⾓角形oblique斜三⾓角形inscribed triangle内接三⾓角形3.有关收敛的平⾯面图形,除三⾓角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同⼼心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon⼋八边形nonagon九边形decagon⼗〸十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平⾏行四边形equilateral等边形plane平⾯面square正⽅方形,平⽅方rectangle长⽅方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平⾯面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平⾏行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关⽴立体图形cube⽴立⽅方体,⽴立⽅方数rectangular solid长⽅方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多⾯面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid⽴立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude⾼高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表⾯面积volume体积arm直⾓角三⾓角形的股cross section横截⾯面center of a circle圆⼼心chord弦radius半径angle bisector⾓角平分线diagonal对⾓角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid⽴立体的⾯面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三⾓角形的直⾓角边median of a triangle三⾓角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直⾓角三⾓角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直⾓角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平⾯面8. 其它plane geometry平⾯面⼏几何trigonometry三⾓角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类cent美分penny⼀一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime⼀一⾓角硬币dozen打(12个)score廿(20个)Centigrade摄⽒氏Fahrenheit华⽒氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter⽶米micron微⽶米inch英⼨寸foot英尺minute分(⾓角度的度量单位,60分=1度) square measure平⽅方单位制cubic meter⽴立⽅方⽶米pint品脱(⼲干量或液量的单位)2.有关⽂文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表⽰示list price标价markup涨价per capita每⼈人ratio⽐比率retail price零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集)set ⾮非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers ⾃自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all positive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set⽆无限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in⼦子集subset真⼦子集proper subset补集(余集)complementary set全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers奇数集the set of all odd numbers含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value⼀一元⼆二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and⾮非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition充分条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition ……的充要条件是……… if and only if …函数函数function⾃自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval反函数inverse function指数exponent根式radical根指数radical exponent被开⽅方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常⽤用对数common logarithm⾃自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number⽆无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series 公差common difference等差中项arithmetic mean等⽐比数列 geometric series/progression公⽐比common ratio等⽐比中项geometric mean三⾓角函数三⾓角函数trigonometric function始边initial side终边terminal side正⾓角positive angle负⾓角negative angle零⾓角zero angle象限⾓角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure⾓角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最⼤大值maximum最⼩小值minimum周期period最⼩小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase 反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent平⾯面向量有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平⾏行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar 单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean⼏几何平均数geometric mean⽐比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜⾓角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式 gradient intercept form两点式two-point form⼀一般式general form夹⾓角included angle线性规划linear programming约束条件constraint condition⽬目标函数 objective function可⾏行域feasible region最优解optimal solution圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate解析⼏几何analytic geometry笛卡⼉儿Descartes标准⽅方程standard equation⼀一般⽅方程general equation参数⽅方程parameter equation参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points代数部分1、有关基本运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因⼦子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘⽅方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五⼊入to the nearest四舍五⼊入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真⼦子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三⾓角不等式range值域original equation原⽅方程equivalent equation同解⽅方程等价⽅方程linear equation线性⽅方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22) 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分⼦子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最⼩小)公分母quarter四分之⼀一decimal fraction纯⼩小数infinite decimal⽆无穷⼩小数recurring decimal循环⼩小数tenths unit⼗〸十分位5.基本数学概arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean⼏几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube⽴立⽅方数,⽴立⽅方体square root平⽅方根cube root⽴立⽅方根common logarithm常⽤用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear⼀一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off四舍五⼊入6.有关数论natural number⾃自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)⽆无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最⼩小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因⼦子common factor公因⼦子ordinary scale, decimal scale⼗〸十进制nonnegative⾮非负的tens⼗〸十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公⽐比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等⽐比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针⽅方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正⽐比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion⽐比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三⾓角函数unit单位,位几 何 部 分1.所有的角alternate angle内错⾓角corresponding angle同位⾓角vertical angle对顶⾓角central angle圆⼼心⾓角interior angle内⾓角exterior angle外⾓角supplement angles补⾓角complement angle余⾓角adjacent angle邻⾓角acute angle锐⾓角obtuse angle钝⾓角right angle直⾓角round angle周⾓角straight angle平⾓角included angle夹⾓角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三⾓角形scalene triangle不等边三⾓角形isosceles triangle等腰三⾓角形right triangle直⾓角三⾓角形oblique斜三⾓角形inscribed triangle内接三⾓角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同⼼心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon⼋八边形nonagon九边形decagon⼗〸十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平⾏行四边形equilateral等边形plane平⾯面square正⽅方形,平⽅方rectangle长⽅方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平⾏行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube⽴立⽅方体,⽴立⽅方数rectangular solid长⽅方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多⾯面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid⽴立体的6.有关图形上的附属物 altitude⾼高depth深度side边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表⾯面积volume体积arm直⾓角三⾓角形的股cross section横截⾯面center of a circle圆⼼心chord弦radius半径angle bisector⾓角平分线diagonal对⾓角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid⽴立体的⾯面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三⾓角形的直⾓角边median of a triangle三⾓角形的中线base底边,底数(e.g.2的5次⽅方,2就是底数) opposite直⾓角三⾓角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直⾓角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平⾯面8.其它plane geometry平⾯面⼏几何trigonometry三⾓角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的焦距focal length major/minor axis长/短轴eccentricity离⼼心率hyperbola双曲线real axis实轴imaginary axis虚轴asymptote渐近线parabola抛物线directrix准线。
数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇整理整理版
range [reind ?]值域
original equation [ ??rid ?in ?l i?kwei??n] 原方程
equivalent equation [i?kwiv? l ?nt i?kwei?? n] 同解方程 等价方程 linear equation 线性方程 (e.g.5 x +6=22)
numerical coefficient [nju:?merik? l ?k????f???nt] 数字系数
literal coefficient
[?lit?r ?l ?k????f ???nt] 字母系数
inequality [??n ??kw ?l ?ti:] 不等式
triangle inequality [?trai?? ɡl??n ??kw ?l?ti:] 三角不等式
3. 有关代数式、方程和不等式 (algebraic expression, equation and inequalities)
algebraic term [??ld?i?breiik t ?:m] 代数项
like [laik] terms,similar [?simil? ] terms 同类项
2. 有关集合 sets
Empty [?empti] sets 空集 Subset [?s ?bset] 子集 Intersection [int ??sek ??n] 交集 union [?ju:nj? n] 并集 complement [?k?mplim ?nt] 补集 proper [?pr?p?] subset 真子集 solution [s ??lu: ??n] set 解集
数学常用词汇中英文对照
Mathematical vocabulary
数学专业词汇及翻译
一、字母顺序表 (1)二、常用的数学英语表述 (7)三、代数英语(高端) (13)一、字母顺序表1、数学专业词汇Aabsolute value 绝对值 accept 接受 acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性 adjusted 调整的 alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析 analysis of covariance 协方差分析 analysis of variance 方差分析 arithmetic mean 算术平均值 association 相关性 assumption 假设 assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的 band 带宽 bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布 between groups 组间的 bias 偏倚 binomial distribution 二项分布 binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算 case 个案 category 类别 center of gravity 重心 central tendency 中心趋势 chi-square distribution 卡方分布 chi-square test 卡方检验 classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析 coefficient 系数 coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性 column 列 compare 比较 comparison 对照 components 构成,分量compound 复合的 confidence interval 置信区间 consistency 一致性 constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量 control charts 控制图 correlation 相关 covariance 协方差 covariance matrix 协方差矩阵 critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的,立方的 cubic term 三次项 cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数 curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计 deviations 差异 df.(degree of freedom) 自由度 diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等 effects of interaction 交互效应 efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布 extreme value 极值F factor 因素,因子 factor analysis 因子分析 factor score 因子得分 factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值 fixed model 固定模型 fixed variable 固定变量 fractional factorial design 部分析因设计 frequency 频数 F-test F检验 full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布 geometric mean 几何均值 group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值 heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图 homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性 hypothesis 假设 hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立 independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本 index 指数 index of correlation 相关指数 interaction 交互作用 interclass correlation 组内相关 interval estimate 区间估计 intraclass correlation 组间相关 inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验 kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题 layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数 least-square estimation 最小二乘估计 least-square method 最小二乘法 level 水平 level of significance 显著性水平 leverage value 中心化杠杆值 life 寿命 life test 寿命试验 likelihood function 似然函数 likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的 linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型 linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数 logistic 逻辑的 lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应 matrix 矩阵 maximum 最大值 maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计 mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差 mean sum of square 均方和 measure 衡量 media 中位数 M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值 missing values 缺失值 mixed model 混合模型 mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法 moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较 multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数 multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程 multiple response 多响应 multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关 nonadditively 不可加性 nonlinear 非线性 nonlinear regression 非线性回归 noparametric tests 非参数检验 normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设 number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本 one-tailed test 单侧检验 one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析 one-way classification 单向分类 optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制 order 排序order statistics 次序统计量 origin 原点orthogonal 正交的 outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计 partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数 partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数 percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数 pie chart 饼图 point estimate 点估计 poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关 power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析 proability 概率 probability density function 概率密度函数 probit analysis 概率分析 proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的 Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图 quadratic term 二次项 quality control 质量控制 quantitative 数量的,度量的 quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的 random number 随机数 random number 随机数 random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子 random variable 随机变量 randomization 随机化 range 极差rank 秩 rank correlation 秩相关 rank statistic 秩统计量 regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域 relationship 关系 reliability 可*性 repeated 重复的report 报告,报表 residual 残差 residual sum of squares 剩余平方和 response 响应risk function 风险函数 robustness 稳健性 root mean square 标准差 row 行 run 游程run test 游程检验Sample 样本 sample size 样本容量 sample space 样本空间 sampling 取样 sampling inspection 抽样检验 scatter chart 散点图 S-curve S形曲线 separately 单独地 sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验 significant 显著的,有效的 significant digits 有效数字 skewed distribution 偏态分布 skewness 偏度 small sample problem 小样本问题 smooth 平滑 sort 排序 soruces of variation 方差来源 space 空间 spread 扩展square 平方 standard deviation 标准离差 standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化 standardize 标准化 statistic 统计量 statistical quality control 统计质量控制 std. residual 标准残差 stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归 stimulus 刺激 strong assumption 强假设 stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差 subsamples 次级样本 sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和 sum of squares 平方和 summary 概括,综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验 test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验 test of homogeneity 齐性检验 test of independence 独立性检验 test rules 检验法则 test statistics 检验统计量 testing function 检验函数 time series 时间序列 tolerance limits 容许限total 总共,和 transformation 转换 treatment 处理 trimmed mean 截尾均值 true value 真值 t-test t检验 two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的 unbiased estimation 无偏估计 unbiasedness 无偏性 uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值 variable 变量 variance 方差 variance components 方差分量 variance ratio 方差比 various 不同的 vector 向量Wweight 加权,权重 weighted average 加权平均值 within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数2. 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束 active set method 活动集法 analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似 arbitrary 强制性的 argument 变量 attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽 be equivalent to 等价于 best-fit 最佳拟合 bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数 complex-value 复数值 component 分量 constant 常数 constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛 cubic polynomial interpolation method三次多项式插值法 curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合 default 默认的,默认的 define 定义 diagonal 对角的 direct search method 直接搜索法 direction of search 搜索方向 discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值 empty matrix 空矩阵 equality 等式 exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的 feasible solution 可行解 finite-difference 有限差分 first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法 goal attainment problem 目标达到问题 gradient 梯度 gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄 Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Independent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆 invoke 激活 iteration 迭代 iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子 large-scale 大型的 least square 最小二乘 least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的 Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索 linear 线性的 linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题 local solution 局部解M medium-scale 中型的 minimize 最小化 mixed quadratic and cubic polynomialinterpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的 norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数 observed data 测量数据 optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化 optimizer 求解器 over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数 partial derivatives 偏导数 polynomial interpolation method 多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的 quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法 quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值 residuals 残差 robust 稳健的 robustness 稳健性,鲁棒性S scalar 标量 semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题 Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法 simplex search method 单纯形法 solution 解 sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵 sparsity pattern 稀疏模式 sparsity structure 稀疏结构 starting point 初始点 step length 步长 subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法 sum-of-squares 平方和 symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息 termination tolerance 终止容限 the exit condition 退出条件 the method of steepest descent 最速下降法 transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的 under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量 vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵3 样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近 array 数组 a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条 a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数 break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式 cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条 cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation 三次样条插值/三次样条内插 curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度 dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件 input argument 输入参数 interpolation 插值/内插 interval取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次 multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数 order 阶次 output argument 输出参数P point/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条 rounding error 舍入误差(相对误差)Sscalar 标量 sequence 数列(数组) spline 样条 spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数 spline curve 样条曲线 spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插 spline surface 样条曲面 smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差 absolute tolerance 绝对容限 adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图 converge 收敛 coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的 decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵 diagonal matrix 对角矩阵 Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值 elliptic 椭圆形的 error estimate 误差估计 exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件 geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵 geometry matrix 几何矩阵 graphical user interface(GUI)图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值 loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度 mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件 node point 节点 nonlinear solver 非线性求解器 normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的 partial differential equation 偏微分方程 plane strain 平面应变 plane stress 平面应力 Poisson's equation 泊松方程 polygon 多边形 positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格 relative tolerance 相对容限 relative tolerance 相对容限 residual 残差 residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的二、常用的数学英语表述1.Logic∃there exist∀for allp⇒q p implies q / if p, then qp⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AA⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of BA⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA∪B A cup B / A join B / A union BA\B A minus B / the diference between A and BA×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1 x plus onex-1 x minus onex±1 x plus or minus onexy xy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx y x over y= the equals signx = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x≠5x (is) not equal to 5x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx > y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx < y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 10≤x≤1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1| x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx −n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x over y all squaredn! n factorialx ^ x hatx ¯ x barx ˜x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i4. Linear algebra‖ x ‖the norm (or modulus) of xOA →OA / vector OAOA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA −1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with r espect to xf'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂f ∂ x 1the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1∫ 0 ∞the integral from zero to infinitylimx→0 the limit as x approaches zerolimx→0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelimx→0 −the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) ylny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数,幂exponent乘方power二次方,平方square三次方,立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根square root三次方根,立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列,级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width附:在一个分数里,分子或分母或两者均含有分数。
数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇整理整理版
数学常用词汇中英文对照Mathematical vocabulary一、代数部分(Algebra part)1、有关计算some basic operationadd[æd,plus[plʌs]加subtract[səbˈtrækt]减difference[ˈdifərəns]差multiply[ˈmʌltiplai],times[taɪmz]乘product[ˈprɔdʌkt]积divide[diˈvaid]除divisible[dɪˈvɪzəbəl]可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend[ˈdividend],美[ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd] 被除数divisor[dɪˈvaɪzə] 因子,除数quotient[ˈkwəʊʃənt]商remainder[riˈmeində] 余数factorial[fækˈtɔ:riəl]阶乘power[ˈpauə] 乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号round to四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合setsEmpty [ˈempti]sets空集Subset[ˈsʌbset]子集Intersection[intəˈsekʃən]交集union[ˈju:njən] 并集complement[ˈkɔmplimənt] 补集proper[ˈprɔpə] subset真子集solution [səˈlu:ʃən]set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式(algebraic expression, equation and inequalities)algebraic term[ˌældʒiˈbreiik tə:m]代数项like[laik] terms,similar[ˈsimilə] terms同类项numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]数字系数literal coefficient[ˈlitərəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt]字母系数inequality[ˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:] 不等式triangle inequality[ˈtraiæŋɡlˌɪnɪˈkwɔlɪti:]三角不等式range[reindʒ]值域original equation[əˈridʒinəl iˈkweiʃən] 原方程equivalent equation[iˈkwivələnt iˈkweiʃən]同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)Binomial[baiˈnəumiəl] 【GMAT】二项式Trinomial [traiˈnəumjəl] 【GMAT】三相式Complete quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation[iˈkweiʃən]【GMAT】完全二次方程Complementary [ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function 【GMAT】余函数Equivalence[ɪˈkwɪvələns] relation 【GMAT】等价关系Factorable quadratic [kwəˈdrætik]equation 【GMAT】可因式分解的二次方程Incomplete[ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t] quadratic equation 【GMAT】不完全二次方程be equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] to anther equation【GRE】与另一方程痛解clear an equation of fractions[ˈfrækʃəns]分式方程整式化like(similar) terms[laik tə:ms] 同类项unlike[ˌʌnˈlaik] terms非同类项【GRE】numerical coefficient[nju:ˈmerikəl ˌkəʊəˈfɪʃənt] 【GRE】数字系数4.有关分数和小数(fraction and decimal)proper [ˈprɔpə]fraction[ˈfrækʃən真分数improper[ɪmˈprɔpə] fraction假分数mixed number[mɪkst ˈnʌmbə]带分数vulgar fraction[ˈvʌlɡəˈfrækʃən],common[ˈkɔmən] fraction普通分数simple[ˈsimpl] fraction简分数complex[ˈkɔmpleks] fraction繁分数numerator[ˈnu:məˌreɪtə, ˈnju:-] 分子denominator[dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə]分母(least)common denominator([li:st])[ˈkɔmən dɪˈnɔməˌneɪtə] (最小)公分母quarter[ˈkwɔ:tə]四分之一decimal fraction[ˈdesiməl ˈfrækʃən]纯小数infinite decimal[ˈinfinitˈdesiməl ] 无穷小数recurring decimal[riˈkəːriŋˈdesiməl ]循环小数tenthsunit十分位Equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] fractions[ˈfrækʃən]【GMAT】等值分数Mixed[mɪkst] 【GMAT】decimal 混合小数cancellation[ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən]【GRE】约掉,消掉calculate to three decimal places计算结果保留三位小数invert[inˈvə:t] a fraction[ˈfrækʃən]【GRE】求一个分数的倒数5.基本数学概念(elementary mathematical concepts)arithmetic mean[əˈriθmətik mi:n]] 算术平均值weighted average[ˈweitidˈævəridʒ] 加权平均值geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] mean几何平均数exponent[eksˈpəunənt]指数,幂base[beis] 乘幂的底数,底边cube[kju:b] 立方数,立方体square[skwɛə] root[ru:t] 平方根cube root[kju:b ru:t ]立方根common logarithm[ˈlɔ:gəˌrɪðəm, ˈlɔgə-] 常用对数digit[ˈdidʒit] 数字constant[ˈkɔnstənt] 常数variable[ˈvɛəriəbl,ˈveəriəbl]变量inversefunction反函数complementary[ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] function[ˈfʌŋkʃən]余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value[ˈæbsəlu:t ˈvælju]绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off[raund,ɔf]四舍五入mean proportional[prəˈpɔ:ʃənəl]【GRE】比例中项to the nearest 10% 精确到10%6.有关数论(numbers)natural[ˈnætʃərəl,ˈnætʃrəl] number[ˈnʌmbə,ˈnʌmbə(r)] 自然数positive[ˈpɔzitiv] number正数negative[ˈneɡətiv] number负数odd integer[ɔd ˈɪntɪdʒə ],odd number奇数even[ˈi:vən] integer,even number偶数integer,whole number[həul ˈnʌmbə] 整数positive [ˈpɔzitiv]whole number正整数negative[ˈneɡətiv] whole number负整数consecutive[kənˈsekjutiv,kənˈsekjətɪv] number连续整数real [riəl,ˈriːəl]number,rational[ˈræʃənl] number实数,有理数irrational[ɪˈræʃənəl](number)无理数nonzero[ˈnɔnziərəu]非零;非零的【GRE】inverse[ɪnˈvɜ:s, ˈɪnˌvɜ:s]倒数composite[ˈkɔmpəzit] number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime[praim] number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal[riˈsiprəkəl] 倒数common divisor[ˈkɔmən dɪˈvaɪzə]公约数multiple[ˈmʌltipl]倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(praim)[ˈfæktə](质)因子common factor公因子Complex conjugate [ˈkɔndʒəɡeit]【GMAT】复共轭ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative[ˈnɔnˈneɡətiv] 非负的tens[tens]十位units[ˈju:nit]个位mode[məud]众数median[ˈmi:di:ən] 中数common ratio[ˈreiʃiəu]公比Infinity [ɪnˈfɪnɪti:] 【GMAT】无穷大Infinitesimal [ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl]【GMAT】无穷小aliquot[ˈælikwɔt]除得尽数【GRE】aliquant除不尽数【GRE】7.数列(sequence)arithmetic[əˈriθmətik] progression(sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] )等差数列geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] progression[prəˈgreʃən](sequence)等比数列8.其它(others)approximate[əˈprɔksimit]近似approximately[əˈprɔksimitli] 【GRE】近似的,大约的approximation[əˌprɔksəˈmeɪʃən] 【GRE】近似,近似值(anti)clockwise(ˈænti)[ˈklɔkwaiz](逆)顺时针方向cardinal[ˈkɑ:dinl]基数ordinal [ˈɔ:dnəl]序数direct proportion[diˈrekt prəˈpɔ:ʃən]正比distinct[disˈtiŋkt]不同的estimation[ˌestəˈmeɪʃən] 估计,近似parentheses括号proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]比例permutation[ˌpɜ:mjʊˈteɪʃən]排列combination[ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən]组合probability[ˌprɔbəˈbiliti] 概率,或然率distribution [ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən]分布normal distribution[ˈnɔ:məl ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən ]正态分布graph[ɡrɑ:f] 图表bar [bɑːr]graph条形统计图histogram[ˈhistəuɡræm] 柱形统计图broken line graph[ˈbrəukən lain]折线统计图curve[kə:v,kɜːv/]diagram[ˈdaiəɡræm]曲线统计图pie[pai]diagram扇形统计图Numerical [nju:ˈmerikəl] analysis【GMAT】数值分析Mutually exclusive [iksˈklu:siv]【GMA T】互相排斥Standard [ˈstændəd] deviationdeviation [ˌdi:vi:ˈeɪʃən] 【GMA T】标准方差Algebra [ˈældʒibrə]代数学【GRE】algebraic expression[iksˈpreʃən]【GRE】代数式algebraic [ˌældʒiˈbreiik]term 【GRE】代数项assume that[əˈsju:m]【GRE】假定义……at random[ˈrændəm]【GRE】随机地round brackets[raund brækɪt] ;parentheses[pəˈrenθɪsɪs]圆括号【GRE】square[skwɛə] brackets方括号【GRE】braces['breisiz] 花括号【GRE】几何部分 (Geometry part)1.所有的角(angles)alternate[ɔ:lˈtə:nit] angle[ˈæŋɡl]内错角corresponding[ˌkɔrisˈpɔndiŋ,ˌkɒrəˈspɒndɪŋ] angle同位角vertical [ˈvə:tikəl]angle对顶角central [ˈsentrəl]angle圆心角interior[inˈtiəriə] angle内角exterior[eksˈtiəriə] angle外角supplement[ˈsʌpliment] aryangles补角complement [ˈkɔmplimənt]aryangle余角adjacent[əˈdʒeisənt] angle邻角acute [əˈkju:t]angle锐角obtuse [ɔbˈtu:s, -ˈtju:s, əb-] angle钝角right [rait]angle直角round[raund] angle周角straight [streit]angle平角included [ɪnˈklu:dɪd]angle夹角Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]【GMA T】同旁外角at right angles [ˈæŋglz]with与……成直角【GRE】be perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ] to【GRE】垂直于2.所有的三角形(triangle)[ˈtraiæŋɡl]equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] triangle等边三角形scalene[ˈskeɪˌli:n, skeɪˈli:n] triangle不等边三角形isosceles[aɪˈsɔsəˌli:z] triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed[ɪnˈskraɪbt] triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外(plain graph)semicircle[ˈsemɪˌsɜ:kəl]半圆concentriccircles[kənˈsentrɪk sɜ:kəl]同心圆eccentric偏心圆,;不同圆心的【GRE】quadrilateral[ˌkwɔdrəˈlætərəl] 四边形pentagon[ˈpentəˌgɔn]五边形hexagon[ˈheksəˌgɔn]六边形heptagon[ˈheptəɡən] 七边形octagon[ˈɔktəˌgɔn]八边形nonagon[ˈnɔnəɡən] 九边形decagon[ˈdekəˌgɔn]十边形polygon[ˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 多边形parallelogram[ˌpærəˈleləˌgræm]平行四边形equilateral[ˌi:kwəˈlætərəl, ˌekwə-] 等边形plane[plein]平面square[skwɛə]正方形,平方rectangle[ˈrektæŋɡl] 长方形regular polygon[ˈreɡjuləˈpɔli:ˌgɔn] 正多边形rhombus[ˈrɔmbəs] 菱形trapezoid[ˈtræpizɔid]梯形4.其它平面图形(others)arc[ɑ:k] 弧line[lain] ,straight line直线line segment[ˈseɡmənt] 线段parallel [ˈpærəlel]lines平行线segment of a circle[ˈsə:kl] 弧形secant[ˈsi:kənt]割线【GRE】segment[ˈseɡmənt] 【GRE】弓形;部分transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]横截线【GRE】e.g. ~of parallel lines 5.有关立体图形(solid figure)cube立方体,立方数rectangular[rekˈtæŋɡjulə] solid[ˈsɔlid]长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron[pɔliˈhedrən]正多面体circular cylinder[ˈsə:kjuləˈsilində]圆柱体cone cone圆锥sphere[sfiə] 球体solid[ˈsɔlid]立体的6.有关图形上的附属物(adjunct)altitude[ˈæltitju:d] 高depth[depθ]深度side边长circumference[səˈkʌmfərəns],perimeter[pəˈrɪmɪtə]周长radian[ˈreidjən]弧度surface area[ˈsə:fis][ˈɛəriə]表面积volume[ˈvɔlju:m]体积arm[ɑ:m]直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord[kɔ:d] 弦radius[ˈreidjəs]半径angle bisector[ˈbaɪˌsektə, baɪˈsek-] 角平分线diagonal[daɪˈægənəl]对角线diameter[daiˈæmitə] 直径edge[edʒ] 棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse[haɪˈpɔtnˌu:s, -ˌju:s]斜边included side夹边leg[leɡ]三角形的直角边medianofatriangle[ˈmi:djə,nɔfeiˈtraiæŋɡl] 三角形的中线base[beis] 底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite[ˈɔpəzit]直角三角形中的对边midpoint[ˈmidˌpɔint]中点endpoint[ˈendpɔint]端点vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks] (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent[ˈtændʒənt]切线的transversal[trænzˈvə:səl]截线intercept[ˌɪntəˈsept]截距vertex[ˈvɜ:ˌteks]顶点【GRE】7.有关坐标(coordinate)coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit]system坐标系rectangular coordinate[rekˈtæŋɡjuləkəuˈɔ:dineit]直角坐标系origin[ˈɔridʒin]原点X-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]【GRE】X坐标abscissa[æbˈsɪsə] 横坐标Y-coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]Y坐标【GRE】ordinate[ˈɔ:dnɪt, -ˌeɪt]纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant[ˈkwɔdrənt,ˈkwɑːd-]象限slope[sləup]斜率complex plane[plein] 复平面8.其它(others)plane geometry[dʒiˈɔmitri]平面几何trigonometry[ˌtrɪgəˈnɔmɪtri:] 三角学bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt]平分circumscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]外切inscribe[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb]内切intersect[ˌɪntəˈsekt]相交perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pənˈdɪkjələ]垂直pythagorean theorem[ˈθi:ərəm, ˈθɪərəm]勾股定理congruent[ˈkɔŋgru:ənt, kənˈgru:-] 全等的multilateral[ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl]多边的Clockwise[ˈklɔkwaiz]【GMAT】顺时钟方向Counterclockwise[ˌkaʊntəˈklɔkˌwaɪz]【GMAT】逆时钟方向bisect[ˈbaɪˌsekt, baɪˈsekt] 【GRE】把……二等分bound[baund] 【GRE】辩解,范围;邻接其它done(drawn[drɔ:n]) to scale[skeil]【GRE】按比例绘制1.单位类cent[sent] 美分penny[ˈpeni]一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime[daim]一角硬币dozen[ˈdʌzn] 打(12个)score[skɔ:] 廿(20个)Centigrade[ˈsentiɡreid]摄氏Fahrenheit[ˈfærənˌhaɪt] 华氏quart[kwɔ:t]夸脱gallon[ˈɡælən]加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard[jɑ:d]码meter[ˈmi:tə]米micron[ˈmaikrɔn]微米inch[intʃ]英寸foot[intʃ]英尺minute[ˈminit] 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter[ˈkju:bɪkˈmi:tə]立方米pint[paɪnt]品脱(干量或液量的单位)footcandle[ˈfutˈkændl]【GRE】(物理)英尺烛光(照度单位)2、数据类Apiece[əˈpi:s] 每人Per capita[ˈkeɪpətə]每人Decrease[di:ˈkri:s] to 减少到Decrease decrease by 减少了Brace[breis] 双Down payment[ˈpeimənt]定金,预付金Interest[ˈintrist]利息Simple interest[ˈintrist] 单利Compounded interest 复利compound[ˈkɔmpaund] annual interest年复利【GRE】Discount [ˈdiskaunt] 折扣Cumulative [ˈkju:mjulətiv]graph 累计图Margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] 利润Retail[ˈri:teil] price 批发价Common[ˈkɔmən] year 平年Intercalary[inˈtə:kələri] year(leap year) 闰年3.30上午张依蕾整理。
数学常用词汇英汉互译对照文库
数学词汇中英文对照abbreviation 简写符号;简写abscissa 横坐标absolute complement 绝对补集absolute error 绝对误差absolute inequality 绝不等式absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute monotonic 绝对单调absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation 累积accumulative 累积的accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) (概率)加法定律additive inverse 加法逆元; 加法反元additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式;代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algebraically closed 代数封闭algorithm 算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle (交)错角alternate segment 内错弓形alternating series 交错级数alternative hypothesis 择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude 高;高度;顶垂线;高线ambiguous case 两义情况;二义情况amount 本利和;总数analysis 分析;解析analytic geometry 解析几何angle 角angle at the centre 圆心角angle at the circumference 圆周角angle between a line and a planeangle between two planes 两平面的交角angle bisection 角平分angle bisectorangle in the alternate segment 交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment 同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of friction 静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of intersection 相交角;交角angle of projection 投射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of the sector 扇形角angle sum of a triangle 三角形内角和angles at a point 同顶角angular displacement 角移位angular momentum 角动量angular motion 角运动angular velocity 角速度annum(X% per annum) 年(年利率X%)anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向anti-clockwise moment 逆时针力矩anti-derivative 反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm 逆对数;反对数anti-symmetric 反对称apex 顶点approach 接近;趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似;略计;逼近Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc length 弧长arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积Argand diagram 阿根图, 阿氏图argument (1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number 复数的辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术arithmetic mean 算术平均;等差中顶;算术中顶arithmetic progression 算术级数;等差级数arithmetic sequence 等差序列arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边array 数组; 数组arrow 前号ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂assertion 断语; 断定associative law 结合律assumed mean 假定平均数assumption 假定;假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptoteasymptotic error constant 渐近误差常数at rest 静止augmented matrix 增广矩阵auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 辅助方程average 平均;平均数;平均值average speed 平均速率axiom 公理axiom of existence 存在公理axiom of extension 延伸公理axiom of inclusion 包含公理axiom of pairing 配对公理axiom of power 幂集公理axiom of specification 分类公理axiomatic theory of probability 概率公理论axis 轴axis of parabola 抛物线的轴axis of revolution 旋转轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴back substitution 回代bar chart 棒形图;条线图;条形图;线条图base (1)底;(2)基;基数base angle 底角base area 底面base linebase number 底数;基数base of logarithm 对数的底basis 基Bayes theorem 贝叶斯定理bearing 方位(角);角方向(角)bell-shaped curve 钟形图belong to 属于Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布Bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bias 偏差;偏倚biconditional 双修件式; 双修件句bijection 对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function 对射函数; 只射函数billion 十亿bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制binomial 二项式binomial distribution 二项分布binomial expression 二项式binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理bisect 平分;等分bisection method 分半法;分半方法bisectorBoolean algebra 布尔代数boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界(线);边界bounded 有界的bounded above 有上界的;上有界的bounded below 有下界的;下有界的bounded function 有界函数bounded sequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broken line graph 折线图calculation 计算calculator 计算器;计算器calculus (1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel 消法;相消canellation law 消去律canonical 典型; 标准capacity 容量cardioidCartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面Cartesian product 笛卡儿积category 类型;范畴catenaryCauchy sequence 柯西序列Cauchy s principal value 柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem 中心极限定理central linecentral tendency 集中趋centre 中心;心centre of a circle 圆心centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质量中心centrifugal force 离心力centripedal acceleration 向心加速度centripedal force force 向心力centroid 形心;距心certain event 必然事件chain rule 链式法则chance 机会change of axes 坐标轴的变换change of base 基的变换change of coordinates 坐标轴的变换change of subject 主项变换change of variable 换元;变量的换characteristic equation 特征(征)方程characteristic function 特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root 特征(征)根chart 图;图表check digit 检验数位checking 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular 圆形;圆的circular function 圆函数;三角函数circular measure 弧度法circular motion 圆周运动circular permutation 环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre 外心;外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumference 圆周circumradius 外接圆半径circumscribed circle 外接圆cissoidclass 区;组;类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间;组距class limit 组限;区限class mark 组中点;区中点classical theory of probability 古典概率论classification 分类clnometer 测斜仪clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise moment 顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coaxial 共轴coaxial circles 共轴圆coaxial system 共轴系coded data 编码数据coding method 编码法co-domain 上域coefficient 系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of restitution 碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation 变差系数cofactor 余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix 列矩阵coincide 迭合;重合collection of terms 并项collinearcollinear planes 共线面collision 碰撞column (1)列;纵行;(2) 柱column matrix 列矩阵column vector 列向量combination 组合common chord 公弦common denominator 同分母;公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数;公约common factor 公因子;公因子common logarithm 常用对数common multiple 公位数;公倍common ratio 公比common tangentcommutative law 交换律comparable 可比较的compass 罗盘compass bearing 罗盘方位角compasses 圆规compasses construction 圆规作图compatible 可相容的complement 余;补余complement law 补余律complementary angle 余角complementary equation 补充方程complementary event 互补事件complementary function 余函数complementary probability 互补概率complete oscillation 全振动completing the square 配方complex conjugate 复共轭complex number 复数complex unmber plane 复数平面complex root 复数根component 分量component of force 分力composite function 复合函数; 合成函数composite number 复合数;合成数composition of mappings 映射构合composition of relations 复合关系compound angle 复角compound angle formula 复角公式compound bar chart 综合棒形图compound discount 复折扣compound interest 复利;复利息compound probability 合成概率compound statement 复合命题; 复合叙述computation 计算computer 计算机;电子计算器concave 凹concave downward 凹向下的concave polygon 凹多边形concave upward 凹向上的concentric circles 同心圆concept 概念conclusion 结论concurrent 共点concyclic 共圆concyclic points 共圆点condition 条件conditional 条件句;条件式conditional identity 条件恒等式conditional inequality 条件不等式conditional probability 条件概率cone 锥;圆锥(体)confidence coefficient 置信系数confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信极限confocal sectioncongruence (1)全等;(2)同余congruence class 同余类congruent 全等congruent figures 全等图形congruent triangles 全等三角形conic ;conic section ;conical pendulum 圆锥摆conjecture 猜想conjugate 共轭conjugate axis 共轭conjugate diameters 共轭轴conjugate hyperbola 共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number conjugate radical 共轭虚/复数conjugate surd 共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction 合取connective 连词connector box 捙接框consecutive integers 连续整数consecutive numbers 连续数;相邻数consequence 结论;推论consequent 条件;后项conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation of momentum 动量守恒conserved 守恒consistency condition 相容条件consistent 一贯的;相容的consistent estimator 相容估计量constant 常数constant acceleration 恒加速度constant force 恒力constant of integration 积分常数constant speed 恒速率constant term 常项constant velocity 怛速度constraint 约束;约束条件construct 作construction 作图construction of equation 方程的设立continued proportion 连比例continued ratio 连比continuity 连续性continuity correction 连续校正continuous 连续的continuous data 连续数据continuous function 连续函数continuous proportion 连续比例continuous random variable 连续随机变量contradiction 矛盾converge 收敛convergence 收敛性convergent 收敛的convergent iteration 收敛的迭代convergent sequence 收敛序列convergent series 收敛级数converse 逆(定理)converse of a relation 逆关系converse theorem 逆定理conversion 转换convex 凸convex polygon 凸多边形convexity 凸性coordinate 坐标coordinate geometry 解析几何;坐标几何coordinate system 坐标系系定理;系;推论coplanar 共面coplanar forces 共面力coplanar linesco-prime 互质; 互素corollary 系定理; 系; 推论correct to 准确至;取值至correlation 相关correlation coefficient 相关系数correspondence 对应corresponding angles (1)同位角;(2)对应角corresponding element 对应边corresponding sides 对应边cosecant 余割cosine 余弦cosine formula 余弦公式cost price 成本cotangent 余切countable 可数countable set 可数集countably infinite 可数无限counter clockwise direction 逆时针方向;返时针方向counter example 反例counting 数数;计数couple 力偶Carmer s rule 克莱玛法则criterion 准则critical point 临界点critical region 临界域cirtical value 临界值cross-multiplication 交叉相乘cross-section 横切面;横截面;截痕cube 正方体;立方;立方体cube root 立方根cubic 三次方;立方;三次(的)cubic equation 三次方程cubic roots of unity 单位的立方根cuboid 长方体;矩体cumulative 累积的cumulative distribution function 累积分布函数cumulative frequecy 累积频数;累积频率cumulative frequency curvecumulative frequcncy distribution 累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon 累积频数多边形;累积频率直方图curvature of a curve 曲线的曲率curvecurve sketching 曲线描绘(法)curve tracing 曲线描迹(法)curved linecurved surface 曲面curved surface area 曲面面积cyclic expression 输换式cyclic permutation 圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral 圆内接四边形cycloid 旋输线; 摆线cylinder 柱;圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱形的damped oscillation 阻尼振动data 数据De Moivre s theorem 棣美弗定理De Morgan s law 德摩根律decagon 十边形decay 衰变decay factor 衰变因子decelerate 减速decelaration 减速度decile 十分位数decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制decision box 判定框declarative sentence 说明语句declarative statement 说明命题decoding 译码decrease 递减decreasing function 递减函数;下降函数decreasing sequence 递减序列;下降序列decreasing series 递减级数;下降级数decrement 减量deduce 演绎deduction 推论deductive reasoning 演绎推理definite 确定的;定的definite integral 定积分definition 定义degenerated conic section 降级锥曲线degree (1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of confidence 置信度degree of freedom 自由度degree of ODE 常微分方程次数degree of precision 精确度delete 删除; 删去denary number 十进数denominator 分母dependence (1)相关; (2)应变dependent event(s) 相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable 应变量; 应变数depreciation 折旧derivable 可导derivative 导数derived curve 导函数曲线derived function 导函数derived statistics 推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order 递降序descending powers of x x的降序descriptive statistics 描述统计学detached coefficients 分离系数(法)determinant 行列式deviation 偏差; 变差deviation from the mean 离均差diagonal 对角线diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagram 图; 图表diameter 直径diameter of a conic 二次曲线的直径difference 差difference equation 差分方程difference of sets 差集differentiable 可微differential 微分differential coefficient 微商; 微分系数differential equation 微分方程differential mean value theorem 微分中值定理differentiate 求...的导数differentiate from first principle 从基本原理求导数differentiation 微分法digit 数字dimension 量; 量网; 维(数)direct impact 直接碰撞direct image 直接像direct proportion 正比例direct tax, direct taxation 直接税direct variation 正变(分)directed angle 有向角directed line 有向直线directed line segment 有向线段directed number 有向数direction 方向; 方位direction angle 方向角direction cosine 方向余弦direction number 方向数direction ratio 方向比directrix 准线Dirichlet function 狄利克来函数discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous 间断(的);连续(的); 不连续(的) discontinuous point 不连续点discount 折扣discrete 分立; 离散discrete data 离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable 间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution 离散均匀分布discriminant 判别式disjoint 不相交的disjoint sets 不相交的集disjunction 析取dispersion 离差displacement 位移disprove 反证distance 距离distance formula 距离公式distinct roots 相异根distincr solution 相异解distribution 公布distributive law 分配律diverge 发散divergence 发散(性)divergent 发散的divergent iteration 发散性迭代divergent sequence 发散序列divergent series 发散级数divide 除dividend (1)被除数;(2)股息divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数;除式;因子divisor of zero 零因子dodecagon 十二边形domain 定义域dot 点dot product 点积double angle 二倍角double angle formula 二倍角公式double root 二重根dual 对偶duality (1)对偶性; (2) 双重性due east/ south/ west /north 向东/ 南/ 西/ 北dynamics 动力学eccentric angle 离心角eccentric circles 离心圆eccentricity 离心率echelon form 梯阵式echelon matrix 梯矩阵edge 棱;边efficient estimator 有效估计量effort 施力eigenvalue 本征值eigenvector 本征向量elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic force 弹力elasticity 弹性element 元素elementary event 基本事件elementary function 初等函数elementary row operation 基本行运算elimination 消法elimination method 消去法;消元法ellipse 椭圆ellipsiod 椭球体elliptic function 椭圆函数elongation 伸张;展empirical data 实验数据empirical formula 实验公式empirical probability 实验概率;经验概率empty set 空集encoding 编码enclosure 界限end point 端点energy 能; 能量entire surd 整方根epicycloid 外摆线equal 相等equal ratios theorem 等比定理equal roots 等根equal sets 等集equality 等(式)equality sign 等号equation 方程equation in one unknown 一元方程equation in two unknowns(variables) 二元方程equation of a straight line 直线方程equation of locus 轨迹方程equiangular 等角(的)equidistant 等距(的)equilateral 等边(的)equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equilibrium 平衡equiprobable 等概率的equiprobable space 等概率空间equivalence 等价equivalence class 等价类equivalence relation 等价关系equivalent 等价(的)error 误差error allowance 误差宽容度error estimate 误差估计error term 误差项error tolerance 误差宽容度escribed circle 旁切圆estimate 估计;估计量estimator 估计量Euclidean algorithm 欧几里德算法Euclidean geometry 欧几里德几何Euler s formula 尤拉公式;欧拉公式evaluate 计值even function 偶函数even number 偶数evenly distributed 均匀分布的event 事件exact 真确exact differential form 恰当微分形式exact solution 准确解;精确解;真确解exact value 法确解;精确解;真确解example 例excentre 外心exception 例外excess 起exclusive 不包含exclusive disjunction 不包含性析取exclusive events 互斥事件exercise 练习exhaustive event(s) 彻底事件existential quantifier 存在量词expand 展开expand form 展开式expansion 展式expectation 期望expectation value, expected value 期望值;预期值experiment 实验;试验experimental 试验的experimental probability 实验概率explicit function 显函数exponent 指数exponential function 指数函数exponential order 指数阶; 指数级express…in terms of…以………表达expression 式;数式extension 外延;延长;扩张;扩充extension of a function 函数的扩张exterior angle 外角external angle bisectorexternal point of division 外分点extreme point 极值点extreme value 极值extremum 极值face 面factor 因子;因式;商factor method 因式分解法factor theorem 因子定理;因式定理factorial 阶乘factorization 因子分解;因式分解factorization of polynomial 多项式因式分解fallacy 谬误FALSE 假(的)falsehood 假值family 族family of circles 圆族family of concentric circles 同心圆族family of straight lines 直线族feasible solution 可行解;容许解Fermat s last theorem 费尔马最后定理Fibonacci number 斐波那契数;黄金分割数Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fictitious mean 假定平均数figure (1)图(形);(2)数字final velocity 末速度finite 有限finite dimensional vector space 有限维向量空间finite population 有限总体finite probability space 有限概率空间finite sequence 有限序列finite series 有限级数finite set 有限集first approximation 首近似值first derivative 一阶导数first order differential equation 一阶微分方程first projection 第一投影; 第一射影first quartile 第一四分位数first term 首项fixed deposit 定期存款fixed point 定点fixed point iteration method 定点迭代法fixed pulley 定滑轮flow chart 流程图focal axis 焦轴focal chord 焦弦focal length 焦距focus(foci) 焦点folium of Descartes 笛卡儿叶形线foot of perpendicular 垂足for all X 对所有Xfor each /every X 对每一Xforce 力forced oscillation 受迫振动form 形式;型formal proof 形式化的证明format 格式;规格formula(formulae) 公式four leaved rose curve 四瓣玫瑰线four rules 四则four-figure table 四位数表fourth root 四次方根fraction 分数;分式fraction in lowest term 最简分数fractional equation 分式方程fractional index 分数指数fractional inequality 分式不等式free fall 自由下坠free vector 自由向量; 自由矢量frequency 频数;频率frequency distribution 频数分布;频率分布frequency distribution table 频数分布表frequency polygon 频数多边形;频率多边形friction 摩擦; 摩擦力frictionless motion 无摩擦运动frustum 平截头体fulcrum 支点function 函数function of function 复合函数;迭函数functional notation 函数记号fundamental theorem of algebra 代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理gain 增益;赚;盈利gain perent 赚率;增益率;盈利百分率game (1)对策;(2)博奕Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Gaussian elimination 高斯消去法general form 一般式;通式general solution 通解;一般解general term 通项generating function 母函数; 生成函数generator (1)母线; (2)生成元geoborad 几何板geometric distribution 几何分布geometric mean 几何平均数;等比中项geometric progression 几何级数;等比级数geometric sequence 等比序列geometric series 等比级数geometry 几何;几何学given 给定;已知global 全局; 整体global maximum 全局极大值; 整体极大值global minimum 全局极小值; 整体极小值golden section 黄金分割grade 等级gradient (1)斜率;倾斜率;(2)梯度grand total 总计graph 图像;图形;图表graph paper 图表纸graphical method 图解法graphical representation 图示;以图样表达graphical solution 图解gravitational acceleration 重力加速度gravity 重力greatest term 最大项greatest value 最大值grid lines 网网格线groupgrouped data 分组数据;分类数据grouping terms 并项;集项growth 增长growth factor 增长因子half angle 半角half angle formula 半角公式half closed interval 半闭区间half open interval 半开区间harmonic mean (1) 调和平均数; (2) 调和中项harmonic progression 调和级数head 正面(钱币)height 高(度)helix 螺旋线hemisphere 半球体;半球heptagon 七边形Heron s formula 希罗公式heterogeneous (1)参差的; (2)不纯一的hexagon 六边形higher order derivative 高阶导数highest common factor(H.C.F) 最大公因子;最高公因式;最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral 阿刺伯数字histogram 组织图;直方图;矩形图Holder s Inequality 赫耳德不等式homogeneous 齐次的homogeneous equation 齐次方程Hooke s law 虎克定律horizontal 水平的;水平horizontal asymptote 水平渐近线horizontal component 水平分量horizontal linehorizontal range 水平射程hyperbolahyperbolic function 双曲函数hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布hypocycloid 内摆线hypotenuse 斜边hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验hypothetical syllogism 假设三段论hypotrochoid 次内摆线idempotent 全幂等的identical 全等;恒等identity 等(式)identity element 单位元identity law 同一律identity mapping 恒等映射identity matrix 恒等矩阵identity relation 恒等关系式if and only if/iff 当且仅当;若且仅若if…, then 若….则;如果…..则illustration 例证;说明image 像点;像image axis 虚轴imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary number 虚数imaginary part 虚部imaginary root 虚根imaginary unit 虚数单位impact 碰撞implication 蕴涵式;蕴含式implicit definition 隐定义implicit function 隐函数imply 蕴涵;蕴含impossible event 不可能事件improper fraction 假分数improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分impulse 冲量impulsive force 冲力incentre 内力incircle 内切圆inclination 倾角;斜角inclined plane 斜面included angle 夹角included side 夹边inclusion mapping 包含映射inclusive 包含的;可兼的inclusive disjunction 包含性析取;可兼析取inconsistent 不相的(的);不一致(的) increase 递增;增加increasing function 递增函数increasing sequence 递增序列increasing series 递增级数increment 增量indefinite integral 不定积分idenfinite integration 不定积分法independence 独立;自变independent equations 独立方程independent event 独立事件independent variable 自变量;独立变量indeterminate (1)不定的;(2)不定元;未定元indeterminate coefficient 不定系数;未定系数indeterminate form 待定型;不定型index,indices 指数;指index notation 指数记数法induced operation 诱导运算induction hypothesis 归纳法假设inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inequality 不等式;不等inequality sign 不等号inertia 惯性;惯量infer 推断inference 推论infinite 无限;无穷infinite dimensional 无限维infinite population 无限总体infinite sequence 无限序列;无穷序列infinite series 无限级数;无穷级数infinitely many 无穷多infinitesimal 无限小;无穷小infinity 无限(大);无穷(大)inflection (inflexion) point 拐点;转折点inherent error 固有误差initial approximation 初始近似值initial condition 原始条件;初值条件initial point 始点;起点initial side 始边initial value 初值;始值initial velocity 初速度initial-value problem 初值问题injection 内射injective function 内射函数inner product 内积input 输入input box 输入inscribed circle 内切圆insertion 插入insertion of brackets 加括号instantaneous 瞬时的instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度instantaneous speed 瞬时速率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度integer 整数integrable 可积integrable function 可积函数integral 积分integral index 整数指数integral mean value theorem 积数指数integral part 整数部份integral solution 整数解integral value 整数值integrand 被积函数integrate 积;积分;......的积分integrating factor 积分因子integration 积分法integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法;换元积分法integration constant 积分常数interaction 相互作用intercept 截距;截段intercept form 截距式intercept theorem 截线定理interchange 互换interest 利息interest rate 利率interest tax 利息税interior angle 内角interior angles on the same side of the transversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角intermediate value theorem 介值定理internal bisectorinternal division 内分割internal energy 内能internal force 内力internal point of division 内分点interpolating polynomial 插值多项式interpolation 插值inter-quartile range 四分位数间距intersect 相交intersection (1)交集;(2)相交;(3)交点interval 区间interval estimation 区间估计;区域估计intuition 直观invalid 失效;无效invariance 不变性invariant (1)不变的;(2)不变量;不变式inverse 反的;逆的inverse circular function 反三角函数inverse cosine function 反余弦函数inverse function 反函数;逆函数inverse cosine function 反三角函数inverse function 反函数;逆映射inverse mapping 反向映射;逆映射inverse matrix 逆矩阵inverse problem 逆算问题inverse proportion 反比例;逆比例inverse relation 逆关系inverse sine function 反正弦函数inverse tangent function 反正切函数inverse variation 反变(分);逆变(分)invertible 可逆的invertible matrix 可逆矩阵irrational equation 无理方程irrational number 无理数irreducibility 不可约性irregular 不规则isomorphism 同构isosceles triangle 等腰三角形iterate (1)迭代值; (2)迭代iteration 迭代iteration form 迭代形iterative function 迭代函数iterative method 迭代法jet propulsion 喷气推进joint variation 联变(分);连变(分)kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦known 己知L.H.S. 末项L Hospital s rule 洛必达法则Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日插值多项代Lagrange theorem 拉格朗日定理Lami s law 拉密定律Laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展式last term 末项latent root 本征根; 首通径lattice point 格点latus rectum 正焦弦; 首通径law 律;定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of indices 指数律;指数定律law of inference 推论律law of trichotomy 三分律leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 主对角线least common multiple, lowest common multiple (L.C.M) 最小公倍数;最低公倍式least value 最小值left hand limit 左方极限lemma 引理lemniscate 双纽线length 长(度)letter 文字;字母like surd 同类根式like terms 同类项limacon 蜗牛线limit 极限limit of sequence 序列的极限limiting case 极限情况limiting friction 最大静摩擦limiting position 极限位置line 线;行line of action 作用力线line of best-fitline of greatest slopeline of intersectionline segment 线段linear 线性;一次linear convergence 线性收敛性linear differeantial equation 线性微分方程linear equation 线性方程;一次方程linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程;二元线性方程linear inequality 一次不等式;线性不等式linear momentum 线动量linear programming 线性规划linearly dependent 线性相关的linearly independent 线性无关的literal coefficient 文字系数literal equation 文字方程load 负荷loaded coin 不公正钱币loaded die 不公正骰子local maximum 局部极大(值)local minimum 局部极小(值)locus, loci 轨迹logarithm 对数logarithmic equation 对数方程logarithmic function 对数函数logic 逻辑logical deduction 逻辑推论;逻辑推理logical step 逻辑步骤long division method 长除法loop 回路loss 赔本;亏蚀loss per cent 赔率;亏蚀百分率lower bound 下界lower limit 下限lower quartile 下四分位数lower sum 下和lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵lowest common multiple(L.C.M) 最小公倍数machine 机械Maclaurin expansion 麦克劳林展开式Maclaurin series 麦克劳林级数magnitude 量;数量;长度;大小major arc 优弧;大弧major axis 长轴major sector 优扇形;大扇形major segment 优弓形;大弓形mantissa 尾数mantissa of logarithm 对数的尾数;对数的定值部many to one 多个对一个many-sided figure 多边形many-valued 多值的map into 映入map onto 映上mapping 映射marked price 标价Markov chain 马可夫链mass 质量mathematical analysis 数学分析mathematical induction 数学归纳法mathematical sentence 数句mathematics 数学matrix 阵; 矩阵matrix addition 矩阵加法matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix multiplication 矩阵乘法matrix operation 矩阵运算maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差maximum point 极大点maximum value 极大值mean 平均(值);平均数;中数mean deviation 中均差;平均偏差mean value theorem 中值定理measure of dispersion 离差的量度measurement 量度mechanical energy 机械能median (1)中位数;(2)meet 相交;相遇mensuration 计量;求积法method 方法method of completing square 配方法method of interpolation 插值法; 内插法method of least squares 最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution 代换法;换元法method of successive substitution 逐次代换法; 逐次调替法method of superposition 迭合法metric unit 十进制单位mid-point 中点mid-point formula 中点公式mid-point theorem 中点定理million 百万minimize 极小minimum point 极小点minimum value 极小值Minkowski Inequality 闵可夫斯基不等式minor (1)子行列式;(2)劣;较小的minor arc 劣弧;小弧minor axis 短轴minor of a determinant 子行列式minor sector 劣扇形;小扇形minor segment 劣弓形;小弓形minus 减minute 分mixed number(fraction) 带分数modal class 众数组mode 众数model 模型modulo (1)模; 模数; (2)同余modulo arithmetic 同余算术modulus 模; 模数modulus of a complex number 复数的模modulus of elasticity 弹性模(数)moment arm (1)矩臂; (2)力臂moment of a force 力矩moment of inertia 贯性矩momentum 动量monomial 单项式monotone 单调monotonic convergence 单调收敛性monotonic decreasing 单调递减monotonic decreasing function 单调递减函数monotonic function 单调函数monotonic increasing 单调递增monotonic increasing function 单调递增函数motion 运动movable pulley 动滑轮multinomial 多项式multiple 倍数multiple angle 倍角multiple-angle formula 倍角公式multiple root 多重根multiplicand 被乘数multiplication 乘法multiplication law (of probability) (概率)乘法定律multiplicative inverse 乘法逆元multiplicative property 可乘性multiplicity 重数multiplier 乘数;乘式multiply 乘multi-value 多值的mulually disjoint 互不相交mutually exclusive events 互斥事件mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular linesn factorial n阶乘n th derivative n阶导数n th root n次根;n次方根n the root of unity 单位的n次根Napierian logarithm 纳皮尔对数; 自然对数natural logarithm 自然对数natural number 自然数natural surjection 自然满射necessary and sufficient condition 充要条件necessary condition 必要条件negation 否定式negative 负negative angle 负角negative binomial distribution 负二项式分布negative index 负指数negative integer 负整数negative number 负数negative vector 负向量; 负矢量neighborhood 邻域net 净(值)net force 净力Newton-Cote s rule 牛顿 - 高斯法则Newton-Raphson s method 牛顿 - 纳逊方法Newton s formula 牛顿公式Newton s law of motion 牛顿运动定律Newton s method 牛顿方法n-gon n边形nonagon 九边形non-collinearnon-commutative 非交换的non-linear 非线性non-linear equation 非线性方程non-negative 非负的。
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SAT数学常用词汇中英文对照1.基本的数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值round off四舍五入2. 有关几何中的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle 圆心角straight angle 平角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角⒊所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形⒋有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体 circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的⒌有关图形上的附属物altitude高slope 斜率parabola 抛物线directrix [几]准线vertex 顶点depth深度side 边,边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数)⒍有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数 irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数reciprocal aj, n 倒数composite number合数排列(permutation) 组合(combination)2/3 as many A as B: A=2/3*B...twice as many... A as B: A=2*Bpower 次方(2^5=the fifth power of 2)tie 并列,齐平bisect 平分plane 平面intercede截距(有正负之分)median of an trangle 三角形的中线median 中数<medium adj.>in terms of 用...表达be contained in 位于...上to the nearest 最接近的closest approximation 最近似的least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小的可能值least common multiple最小公倍数abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标quadrant象限coordinate 坐标interest rate 利率single interest 单利compound interest 复利down paymentmargin=profit 利润depreciation 折旧discount 折扣list price 标价sale price 买价purchasing price 卖价retail value 零售价mark up 涨价mark down 降价plus prep.加/adj.正的, 加的addition 加sum 和minus prep.减去/adj.负的, 减的/n.负数subtract v.减(subtraction n.减法)difference 差multiply v.乘(multiplication n.乘法/繁殖)multiplier乘数multiple倍数times 倍product乘积at 总计(乘法)divide v.除(division n.除法/分开)divisor 除数dividend 被除数/红利divided evenly被整除divisible 可整除的quotient 商composite number合数<>prime number质数set 集合prime factor质因子common factor公因子=common divisor公约数sequence 数列geometric progression 等比数列<geometric mean 几何平均值> arithmetic progression等差数列(等差级数)3-digit number三位数decimal 小数decimal point 小数点tenth s’ digit=tenth 十分位units’ digit 个位ratio=proportion=fraction 比例fraction 分数/比例denominator分母numerator分子improper fraction假分数proper fraction真分数parallel line 平行线<parallelogram 平行四边形>number line 数线arm/lag 直角三角形的股trapezoid梯形rhombus菱形polygon多边形parallelogram 平行四边形quadrilateral四边形square 正方形/平方(数)<>square root 平方根parallelogram 平行四边形quadrilateral四边形square 正方形/平方(数)<>square root 平方根-agon -边形*常用tetragon=quadrilateral 四边形*pentagon五边形*hexagon六边形heptagon七边形*octagon八边形enneagon=nonagon九变形*decagon十变形hendecagon=undecagon十一边形dodecagon十二边形quindecagon十五边形-hedron -面体hexahedron六面体quadrihedron四面体=三角锥cone圆锥(体积=1/3PI*R*R*H)pyramid 角锥、棱椎, 金字塔, 叠罗汉volume体积cube立方数/立方体cylinder圆柱体sphere球体tangent 相切的circumscribe外切,外接inscribe内切,内接concentric circle同心圆几何部分 1.所有的角 alternate angle内错角 corresponding angle同位角 vertical angle对顶角 central angle圆心角 interior angle内角 exterior angle 外角 supplement aryangles补角 complement aryangle余角 adjacent angle邻角 acute angle锐角 obtuse angle钝角 right angle直角 round angle周角 straight angle平角 included angle夹角 2.所有的三角形 equilateral triangle等边三角形 scalene triangle不等边三角形 isosceles triangle等腰三角形 right triangle直角三角形 oblique斜三角形 inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外 semicircle半圆 concentric circles同心圆 quadrilateral四边形 pentagon五边形 hexagon六边形 heptagon七边形 octagon八边形 nonagon九边形 decagon十边形 polygon多边形 parallelogram平行四边形 equilateral等边形 plane平面 square正方形,平方 rectangle长方形 regular polygon正多边形 rhombus菱形 trapezoid梯形 4.其它平面图形 arc弧 line,straight line直线 line segment线段 parallel lines平行线 segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形 cube立方体,立方数 rectangular solid长方体 regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体 circular cylinder圆柱体 cone圆锥 sphere球体 solid立体的 6.有关图形上的附属物 altitude高 depth深度 side边长 circumference,perimeter周长 radian弧度 surface area 表面积 volume体积 arm直角三角形的股 cros ssection横截面 center of acircle圆心 chord弦 radius半径 angle bisector角平分线 diagonal对角线 diameter直径 edge棱 face of a solid立体的面 hypotenuse斜边 included side夹边 leg三角形的直角边 medianofatriangle三角形的中线 base底边,底数(e.g.2的5次方,2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边 midpoint中点 endpoint端点 vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点 tangent切线的 transversal截线 intercept截距7.有关坐标 coordinatesystem坐标系 rectangular coordinate直角坐标系 origin原点 abscissa横坐标 ordinate纵坐标 numberline数轴 quadrant象限 slope斜率 complexplane复平面 8. 其它 plane geometry平面几何 trigonometry三角学 bisect平分 circumscribe外切 inscribe内切 intersect相交 perpendicular垂直 pythagorean theorem勾股定理 congruent全等的 multilateral多边的。