46.Margaret Sanger - The Morality of Birth Control
描述女人的经典语录
描述女人的经典语录描述女人的经典语录来看看下面这些描述女人的经典语录吧!1. Marilyn Monroe:玛丽莲·梦露A wise woman likes but doesn't love, listens but doesn't believe and leaves before she is left.聪明的女人会有喜欢，但是不会爱，会倾听但是不会相信，会在被抛弃以前离开。
2. Margaret Sanger:玛格丽特·桑格Woman must have her freedom, the fundamental freedom of choosing whether or not she will be a mother and how many children she will have. Regardless of what man's attitude may be, that problem is hers — and before it can be his, it is hers alone.女人必须得有她的自由，不管是她会不会成为一位母亲还是她会有多少个孩子。
不管男人的态度是什么，那都是她的问题——在此之前可能是他的，但这是她一个人的。
3. Dick Van Dyke:迪克·范·戴克Women will never be as successful as men because they have no wives to advise them.女性绝不会有和男人一样的成功因为她们没有妻子给她们建议。
4. Whitney Houston:惠特尼·休斯顿I like being a woman, even in a man's world. After all, mencan't wear dresses, but we can wear the pants.即使是生活在男人的世界里我也喜欢做女人。
美国100历史名人
He saved the Union, freed the slaves, and presided over America’s second founding.2 George WashingtonHe made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king, but by declining to become one himself.3 Thomas JeffersonThe author of the five most important words in American history: “All men are created equal.”4 Franklin Delano RooseveltHe said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” and then he pro ved it.5 Alexander HamiltonSoldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarian nation’s transformation into an industrial power.6 Benjamin FranklinThe Founder-of-all-trades— scientist, printer, writer, diplomat, inventor, and more; like his country, he contained multitudes.7 John MarshallThe defining chief justice, he established the Supreme Court as the equal of the other two federal branches.8 Martin Luther King Jr.His dream of racial equality is still elusive, but no one did more to make it real.9 Thomas EdisonIt wasn’t just the light bulb; the Wizard of Menlo Park was the most prolific inventor in American history.10 Woodrow WilsonHe made the world safe for U.S. interventionism, if not for democracy.11 John D. RockefellerThe man behind Standard Oil set the mold for our tycoons—first by making money, then by giving it away.12 Ulysses S. GrantHe was a poor president, but he was the general Lincoln needed; he also wrote the greatest political memoir in American history.He fathered the Constitution and wrote the Bill of Rights.14 Henry FordHe gave us the assembly line and the Model T, and sparked America’s love affair with the automobile.15 Theodore RooseveltWhether busting trusts or building canals, he embodied the “strenuous life” and blazed a trail for twentieth-century America.16 Mark TwainAuthor of our national epic, he was the most unsentimental observer of our national life.17 Ronald ReaganThe amiable architect of both the conserva tive realignment and the Cold War’s end.18 Andrew JacksonThe first great populist: he found America a republic and left it a democracy.19 Thomas PaineThe voice of the American Revolution, and our first great radical.20 Andrew CarnegieThe original self-made man forged America’s industrial might and became one of the nation’s greatest philanthropists.21 Harry TrumanAn accidental president, this machine politician ushered in the Atomic Age and then the Cold War.22 Walt WhitmanHe sang of America and shaped the country’s conception of itself.23 Wright BrothersThey got us all off the ground.24 Alexander Graham BellBy inventing the telephone, he opened the age of telecommunications and shrank the world.25 John AdamsHis leadership made the American Revolution possible; his devotion to republicanism made it succeed.26 Walt DisneyThe quintessential entertainer-entrepreneur, he wielded unmatched influence over our childhood.27 Eli WhitneyHis gin made cotton king and sustained an empire for slavery.28 Dwight EisenhowerHe won a war and two elections, and made everybody like Ike.29 Earl WarrenHis Supreme Court transformed American society and bequeathed to us the culture wars.30 Elizabeth Cady StantonOne of the first great American fem inists, she fought for social reform and women’s right to vote.31 Henry ClayOne of America’s greatest legislators and orators, he forged compromises that held off civil war for decades.32 Albert EinsteinHis greatest scientific work was done in Europe, but his humanity earned him undying fame in America.33 Ralph Waldo EmersonThe bard of individualism, he relied on himself—and told us all to do the same.34 Jonas SalkHis vaccine for polio eradicated one of the world’s worst plagues.35 Jackie RobinsonHe broke baseball’s color barrier and embodied integration’s promise.36 William Jennings Bryan“The Great Commoner” lost three presidential elections, but his populism transformed the country.37 J. P. MorganThe great financier and banker was the prototype for all the Wall Street barons who followed.38 Susan B. AnthonyShe was the country’s most eloquent voice for women’s equality under the law.39 Rachel CarsonThe author of Silent Spring was godmother to the environmental movement.40 John DeweyHe sought to make the public school a training ground for democratic life.41 Harriet Beecher StoweHer Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired a generation of abolitionists and set the stage for civil war.42 Eleanor RooseveltShe used the first lady’s office and the mass media to become “first lady of the world.”43 W. E. B. DuBoisOne of America’s great intellectuals, he made the “problem of the color line” his life’s work.44 Lyndon Baines JohnsonHis brilliance gave us civil-rights laws; his stubbornness gave us Vietnam.45 Samuel F. B. MorseBefore the Internet, there was Morse code.46 William Lloyd GarrisonThrough his newspaper, The Liberator, he became the voice of abolition.47 Frederick DouglassAfter escaping from slavery, he pricked the nation’s conscience with an eloquent accounting of its crimes.48 Robert OppenheimerThe father of the atomic bomb and the regretful midwife of the nuclear era.49 Frederick Law OlmstedThe genius behind New York’s Central Park, he inspired the greening of America’s cities.50 James K. PolkThis one-term president’s Mexican War landgrab gave us California, Texas, and the Southwest.51 Margaret SangerThe ardent champion of birth control—and of the sexual freedom that came with it.52 Joseph SmithThe founder of Mormonism, America’s most famous homegrown faith.53 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.Known as “The Great Dissenter,” he wrote Supreme Court opinions that continue to shape American jurisprudence.54 Bill GatesThe Rockefeller of the Information Age, in business and philanthropy alike.55 John Quincy AdamsThe Monroe Doctrine’s real author, he set nineteenth-century America’s diplomatic course.56 Horace MannHis tireless advocacy of universal public schooling earned him the title “The Father of American Educ ation.”57 Robert E. LeeHe was a good general but a better symbol, embodying conciliation in defeat.58 John C. CalhounThe voice of the antebellum South, he was slavery’s most ardent defender.59 Louis SullivanThe father of architectural modernism, he shaped the defining American building: the skyscraper.60 William FaulknerThe most gifted chronicler of America’s tormented and fascinating South.61 Samuel GompersThe country’s greatest labor organizer, he made the golden age of unions possible.62 William JamesThe mind behind Pragmatism, America’s most important philosophical school.63 George MarshallAs a general, he organized the American effort in World War II; as a statesman, he rebuilt Western Europe.64 Jane AddamsThe founder of Hull House, she became the secular saint of social work.65 Henry David ThoreauThe original American dropout, he has inspired seekers of authenticity for 150 years.66 Elvis PresleyThe king of rock and roll. Enough said.67 P. T. BarnumThe circus impresario’s taste for spectacle paved the way for blockbuster movies and reality TV.68 James D. WatsonHe codiscovered DNA’s double helix, revealing the code of life to scientists and entrepreneurs alike.69 James Gordon BennettAs the founding publisher of The New York Herald, he invented the modern American newspaper.70 Lewis and ClarkThey went west to explore, and millions followed in their wake.71 Noah WebsterHe didn’t create American English, but his dictionary defined it.72 Sam WaltonHe promised us “Every Day Low Prices,” and we took him up on the offer.73 Cyrus McCormickHis mechanical reaper spelled the end of traditional farming, and the beginning of industrial agriculture.74 Brigham YoungWhat Joseph Smith founded, Young preserved, leading the Mormons to their promised land.75 George Herman “Babe” RuthHe saved the national pastime in the wake of the Black Sox scandal—and permanently linked sports and celebrity.76 Frank Lloyd WrightAmerica’s most significant architect, he was the archetyp e of the visionary artist at odds with capitalism.77 Betty FriedanShe spoke to the discontent of housewives everywhere—and inspired a revolution in gender roles.78 John BrownWhether a hero, a fanatic, or both, he provided the spark for the Civil War.79 Louis ArmstrongHis talent and charisma took jazz from the cathouses of Storyville to Broadway, television, and beyond.80 William Randolph HearstThe press baron who perfected yellow journalism and helped start the Spanish-American War.81 Margaret MeadWith Coming of Age in Samoa, she made anthropology relevant—and controversial.82 George GallupHe asked Americans what they thought, and the politicians listened.83 James Fenimore CooperThe novels are unreadable, but he was the first great mythologizer of the frontier.84 Thurgood MarshallAs a lawyer and a Supreme Court justice, he was the legal architect of the civil-rights revolution.85 Ernest HemingwayHis spare style defined American modernism, and his life made machismo a cliché.86 Mary Baker EddyShe got off her sickbed and founded Christian Science, which promised spiritual healing to all.87 Benjamin SpockWith a single book—and a singular approach—he changed American parenting.88 Enrico FermiA giant of physics, he helped develop quantum theory and was instrumental in building the atomic bomb.89 Walter LippmannThe last man who could swing an election with a newspaper column.90 Jonathan EdwardsForget the fire and brimstone: his subtle eloquence made him the country’s mostinfluential theologian.91 Lyman BeecherHarriet Beecher Stowe’s clergyman father earned fame as an abolitionist and an evangelist.92 John SteinbeckAs the creator of Tom Joad, he chronicled Depression-era misery.93 Nat TurnerHe was the most successful rebel slave; his specter would stalk the white South for a century.94 George EastmanThe founder of Kodak democratized photography with his handy rolls of film.95 Sam GoldwynA producer for forty years, he was the first great Hollywood mogul.96 Ralph NaderHe made the cars we drive safer; thirty years later, he made George W. Bush the president.97 Stephen FosterAmerica’s first great songwriter, he brought us “O! Susanna” and “My Old Kentucky Home.”98 Booker T. WashingtonAs an educator and a champion of self-help, he tried to lead black America up from slavery.99 Richard NixonHe broke the New Deal majority, and then broke his presidency on a scandal that still haunts America.100 Herman MelvilleMoby Dick was a flop at the time, but Melville is remembered as the American Shakespeare.。
英语家庭计划
英语家庭计划Here is an essay on the topic "English Family Planning" with a word count of over 600 words, as requested:Family planning is a crucial aspect of modern life that allows individuals and couples to take control of their reproductive choices and achieve their desired family size. In the context of the English-speaking world, family planning has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with a greater emphasis on personal autonomy, access to reproductive healthcare, and the empowerment of women. This essay will explore the various facets of English family planning, including its historical development, societal impact, and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.The roots of English family planning can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the birth control movement began to gain momentum in the United Kingdom and the United States. Pioneered by individuals such as Margaret Sanger and Marie Stopes, the movement advocated for the accessibility of contraceptive methods and the right of women to have control over their own bodies and reproductive choices. This was a significant departure from the prevailing societal norms of the time, which often viewed largefamilies as a sign of moral virtue and viewed the use of contraception as unnatural or even sinful.Over the course of the 20th century, the family planning landscape in English-speaking countries underwent a dramatic transformation. The introduction of the birth control pill in the 1960s, along with the legalization of abortion and the increasing availability of other contraceptive options, gave women and couples greater autonomy in their reproductive decision-making. This, in turn, led to a decline in fertility rates and a shift in the composition of families, with more people opting for smaller family sizes or delaying childbearing.The impacts of this shift in family planning practices have been far-reaching. On a societal level, it has contributed to the empowerment of women, as they have been able to pursue education, careers, and other personal aspirations without the constant threat of unintended pregnancy. It has also had significant implications for population growth and demographic trends, with smaller family sizes leading to an aging population in many English-speaking countries.However, the journey towards accessible and equitable family planning has not been without its challenges. Access to reproductive healthcare, including contraception and abortion services, remains uneven, particularly for marginalized communities and those living in rural or underserved areas. Additionally, social and cultural attitudestowards family planning continue to evolve, with ongoing debates around issues such as sex education, the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals, and the moral and ethical considerations surrounding reproductive choices.Despite these challenges, the future of English family planning appears to be cautiously optimistic. Advances in medical technology, such as long-acting reversible contraceptives and new abortion methods, have the potential to further enhance reproductive autonomy. Additionally, there is a growing recognition of the importance of comprehensive sex education and the need to address the social and economic barriers that can hinder access to family planning services.In conclusion, English family planning has come a long way since the early days of the birth control movement. It has evolved into a complex and multifaceted aspect of modern life, with profound implications for individuals, families, and societies. As we look to the future, it is crucial that we continue to prioritize reproductive rights, expand access to healthcare, and address the social and cultural factors that shape family planning decisions. By doing so, we can work towards a world where all people have the freedom and the resources to make informed choices about their reproductive futures.。
美国历史上最有影响的100个人
美国历史上最有影响的100个人马丁·路德·金纪念日快来了，顺便读读美国历史。
发现《大西洋月刊》2006年末整理出来的美国百名历史风流人物中还是有不少听起来很陌生，做一个小笔记，（以绿色字体做了些加注，而以蓝色标注的则是我不先前不知晓的）那些陌生的大人物还是值得了解一下。
虽然这个名单未必符合所有美国人的评判标准，但如果熟知这百名影响美国历史的人物，作为一个外国人对美国的历史文化的掌握即使不能洞悉也足够了。
大家也来读读看你们听说过多少位。
目录∙•美国历史上最有影响的100个人∙•100位影响美国历史的重量级人物中你我知道多少？∙•参考文献美国历史上最有影响的100个人编辑本段回目录1 Abraham Lincoln 林肯美国百名历史风流人物He saved the Union, freed the slaves, and presided over America’ssecond founding.2 George Washington 乔治·华盛顿He made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king,but by declining to become one himself.3 Thomas Jefferson 杰佛逊The author of the five most important words in American history:“All men are created equal.”4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt德拉诺·罗斯福He said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” andthen he proved it.5 Alexander Hamilton 亚历山大·汉密尔顿Soldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion anagrarian nation’s transformation into an industrial power.6 Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林The Founder-of-all-trades— scientist, printer, writer, diplomat,inventor, and more; like his country, he contained multitudes.7 John Marshall 约翰·马歇尔The defining chief justice, he established the Supreme Court as theequal of the other two federal branches.8 Martin Luther King Jr.马丁·路德·金His dream of racial equality is still elusive, but no one did moreto make it real.9 Thomas Edison 爱迪生·托马斯It wasn’t just the lightbulb; the Wizard of Menlo Park was themost prolific inventor in American history.10 Woodrow Wilson 威尔逊He made the world safe for U.S. interventionism, if not fordemocracy.11 John D. Rockefeller 约翰·洛克菲勒The man behind Standard Oil set the mold for our tycoons—first bymaking money, then by giving it away.12 Ulysses S. Grant 尤利西斯·格兰特He was a poor president, but he was the general Lincoln needed; healso wrote the greatest political memoir in American history.13 James Madison 詹姆斯·麦迪逊He fathered the Constitution and wrote the Bill of Rights.14 Henry Ford福特·亨利He gave us the assembly line and the Model T, and sparkedAmerica’s love affair with the automobile.15 Theodore Roosevelt 罗斯福Whether busting trusts or building canals, he embodied the“strenuous life” and blazed a trail for twentieth-centuryAmerica.16 Mark Twain 马克吐温Author of our national epic, he was the most unsentimental observerof our national life.17 Ronald Reagan 里根The amiable architect of both the conservative realignment and theCold War’s end.18 Andrew Jackson杰克逊18年The first great populist: he found America a republic and left it ademocracy.19 Thomas Paine 托马斯paineThe voice of the American Revolution, and our first greatradical.20 Andrew Carnegie 卡内基The original self-made man forged America’s industrial might andbecame one of the nation’s greatest philanthropists.21 Harry Truman 亨利杜鲁门An accidental president, this machine politician ushered in theAtomic Age and then the Cold War.22 Walt Whitman ,惠特曼He sang of America and shaped the country’s conception ofitself.23 Wright Brothers 赖特兄弟They got us all off the ground.24 Alexander Graham Bell亚历山大·格雷厄姆By inventing the telephone, he opened the age of telecommunicationsand shrank the world.25 John Adams亚当斯约翰His leadership made the American Revolution possible; his devotionto republicanism made it succeed.26 Walt Disney 迪士尼The quintessential entertainer-entrepreneur, he wielded unmatchedinfluence over our childhood.27 Eli Whitney ?艾惠His gin made cotton king and sustained an empire for slavery.28 Dwight Eisenhower 艾森豪威尔He won a war and two elections, and made everybody like Ike.29 Earl Warren 厄尔华伦His Supreme Court transformed American society and bequeathed to usthe culture wars.30 Elizabeth Cady Stanton伊丽莎白卡迪stantonOne of the first great American feminists, she fought for socialreform and women’s right to vote.31 Henry Clay 亨利粘土One of America’s greatest legislators and orators, he forgedcompromises that held off civil war for decades.32 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦His greatest scientific work was done in Europe, but his humanityearned him undying fame in America.33 Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生The bard of individualism, he relied on himself—and told us all todo the same.34 Jonas Salk 盟瘟His vaccine for polio eradicated one of the world’s worstplagues.35 Jackie Robinson 济臣He broke baseball’s color barrier and embodied integration’spromise.36 William Jennings Bryan 威廉吉·布莱恩“The Great Commoner” lost three presidential elections, but hispopulism transformed the country."37 J. P. Morgan 摩根大通The great financier and banker was the prototype for all the WallStreet barons who followed.38 Susan B. Anthony 苏珊乙安东尼She was the country’s most eloquent voice for women’s equalityunder the law.39 Rachel Carson卡森雷切尔The author of Silent Spring was godmother to the environmentalmovement.<40 John Dewey 杜威He sought to make the public school a training ground fordemocratic life.41 Harriet Beecher Stowe的Harriet格尔斯托Her Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired a generation of abolitionists andset the stage for civil war.42 Eleanor Roosevelt 罗斯福She used the first lady’s office and the mass media to become“first lady of the world.”43 W. E. B. DuBois 特约e.乙杜波伊斯One of America’s great intellectuals, he made the “problem of thecolor line” his life’s work.44 Lyndon Baines Johnson 贝恩斯约翰逊His brilliance gave us civil-rights laws; his stubbornness gave usVietnam.45 Samuel F. B. Morse 塞缪尔莫尔斯乙六Before the Internet, there was Morse code.46 William Lloyd Garrison 威廉劳埃德驻军Through his newspaper, The Liberator , he became the voice ofabolition.47 Frederick Douglass 道格拉斯After escaping from slavery, he pricked the nation’s consciencewith an eloquent accounting of its crimes.48 Robert Oppenheimer 奥本海默The father of the atomic bomb and the regretful midwife of thenuclear era.49 Frederick Law Olmsted 法检欧姆斯德The genius behind New York’s Central Park, he inspired thegreening of America’s cities.50 James K. Polk 詹姆斯悦结论POLKThis one-term president’s Mexican War landgrab gave us California,Texas, and the Southwest.51 Margaret Sanger 霭桑戈The ardent champion of birth control—and of the sexual freedomthat came with it.52 Joseph Smith 约瑟夫·史密斯The founder of Mormonism, America’s most famous homegrownfaith.53 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.霍姆斯保守派苦海wendellKnown as “The Great Dissenter,” he wrote Supreme Court opinionsthat continue to shape American jurisprudence.54 Bill Gates 盖茨The Rockefeller of the Information Age, in business andphilanthropy alike.55 John Quincy Adams 约翰-昆西·亚当The Monroe Doctrine’s real author, he set nineteenth-centuryAmerica’s diplomatic- course.56 Horace Mann 贺拉斯·曼His tireless advocacy of universal public schooling earned him thetitle “The Father of American Education.”57 Robert E. Lee 罗伯特李e.He was a good general but a better symbol, embodying conciliationin defeat.58 John C. Calhoun 约翰丙卡尔洪The voice of the antebellum South, he was slavery’s most ardentdefender.59 Louis Sullivan沙利文路易The father of architectural modernism, he shaped the definingAmerican building: the skyscraper.60 William Faulkner 福克纳The most gifted chronicler of America’s tormented and fascinatingSouth.61 Samuel Gompers 塞缪尔gompersThe country’s greatest labor organizer, he made the golden age ofunions possible.62 William James 威廉詹姆斯The mind behind Pragmatism, America’s most important philosophicalschool.63 George Marshall 马歇尔乔治As a general, he organized the American effort in World War II; asa statesman, he rebuilt Western Europe.64 Jane Addams 阿珍addamsThe founder of Hull House, she became the secular saint of socialwork.65 Henry David Thoreau 亨利大卫梭罗The original American dropout, he has inspired seekers ofauthenticity for 150 years.66 Elvis Presley 猫王The king of rock and roll.67 P. T. Barnum 第汤匙barnumThe circus impresario’s taste for spectacle paved the way forblockbuster movies and reality TV.68 James D. Watson 理丁沃森He codiscovered DNA’s double helix, revealing the code of life toscientists and entrepreneurs alike.69 James Gordon Bennett詹姆斯治疗Bennett戈登As the founding publisher of The New York Herald , he invented themodern American newspaper.70 Lewis and Clark 刘易斯和克拉克They went west to explore, and millions followed in their wake.71 Noah Webster71年诺亚韦伯斯特He didn’t create American English, but his dictionary definedit.72 Sam Walton 萨姆尔登He promised us “Every Day Low Prices,” and we took him up on theoffer.73 Cyrus McCormick 鲁士和McCormickHis mechanical reaper spelled the end of traditional farming, andthe beginning of industrial agriculture.74 Brigham Young 翰What Joseph Smith founded, Young preserved, leading the Mormons totheir promised land.75 George Herman “Babe” Ruth乔治赫尔曼"贝"罗思He saved the national pastime in the wake of the Black Soxscandal—and permanentl-y linked sports and celebrity.76 Frank Lloyd Wright 赖特America’s most significant architect, he was the archetype of thevisionary artist at odds with capitalism.77 Betty Friedan 傅瑞She spoke to the discontent of housewives everywhere—and inspireda revolution in gender roles.78 John Brown 约翰-布朗Whether a hero, a fanatic, or both, he provided the spark for theCivil War.79 Louis Armstrong斯特朗路易His talent and charisma took jazz from the cathouses of Storyvilleto Broadway, television, and beyond.80 William Randolph Hearst 威廉道夫hearstThe press baron who perfected yellow journalism and helped startthe Spanish-American War.81 Margaret Mead 霭蜂蜜With Coming of Age in Samoa , she made anthropology relevant—andcontroversial.82 George Gallup 乔治·盖洛普He asked Americans what they thought, and the politicianslistened.83 James Fenimore Cooper 库柏The novels are unreadable, but he was the first great mythologizerof the frontier.84 Thurgood Marshall thurgood马歇尔As a lawyer and a Supreme Court justice, he was the legal architectof the civil-rights revolution.85 Ernest Hemingway 海明威His spare style defined American modernism, and his life mademachismo a cliché.86 Mary Baker Eddy 玛丽·贝克·涡She got off her sickbed and founded Christian Science, whichpromised spiritual healing to all.87 Benjamin Spock 开展SPOCK·本杰明With a single book—and a singular approach—he changed Americanparenting.88 Enrico Fermi 费米师EnricoA giant of physics, he helped develop quantum theory and wasinstrumental in building the atomic bomb.89 Walter Lippmann 李普曼The last man who could swing an election with a newspapercolumn.90 Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森爱德华Forget the fire and brimstone: his subtle eloquence made him thecountry’s most influential theologian.91 Lyman Beecher 曼格尔Harriet Beecher Stowe’s clergyman father earned fame as anabolitionist and an evangelist.92 John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克As the creator of Tom Joad, he chronicled Depression-eramisery.93 Nat Turner 奈特·特纳He was the most successful rebel slave; his specter would stalk thewhite South fora century.94 George Eastman 乔治·伊士曼The founder of Kodak democratized photography with his handy rollsof film.95 Sam Goldwyn 萨姆goldwynA producer for forty years, he was the first great Hollywoodmogul.96 Ralph Nader 拉尔夫·纳德He made the cars we drive safer; thirty years later, he made GeorgeW. Bush the president.97 Stephen Foster 斯蒂芬·福斯特America’s first great songwriter, he brought us “Susanna” and“My Old Kentucky Home.”susanna98 Booker T. Washington 布汤匙·华盛顿As an educator and a champion of self-help, he tried to lead blackAmerica up from slavery.99 Richard Nixon 尼克松He broke the New Deal majority, and then broke his presidency on ascandal that still haunts America.100 Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Moby Dick was a flop at the time, but Melville is remembered as theAmerican Shakespeare.100位影响美国历史的重量级人物中你我知道多少？编辑本段回目录The Top 100 by The AtlanticThe most influential figures in American history.1 Abraham LincolnHe saved the Union, freed the slaves, and presided over America’s second founding.2 George WashingtonHe made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king, but by declining to become one himself.3 Thomas JeffersonThe author of the five most important words in American history: “All men are created equal.”4 Franklin Delano RooseveltHe said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” and then he proved it.5 Alexander HamiltonSoldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarian nation’s transformation into an industrial power. 你信不信此人是诗坛情种徐志摩早年的偶像之一，徐的剑桥岁月前有一段美国留学生活学习政治经济，就是想成为中国的汉弥尔顿。
大学英美文学《霍桑》英文介绍
The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Characters’ Name
Hester: Hestier, Hastier, women’s name-Star Arthur Dimmesdale: →AD →Adultery; Dim+Stale=bad luck Roger Chillingworth: cool / chilly; Roger ≈rogue（无赖）;
•He rejected the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. •Sin and evil can be passed from generation to generation, evil educated. •He had a negative attitude toward science.
The Plot
Seven years later, pearls grew into a beautiful girl, and Hester again won the respect of others. Chillingworth also found that adulterer, the minister, Dimmesdale who was constantly subjected to mental torture.
•Cruel •Devious
Chillingworth
The Maker of the Scarlet Letter
The main characters discussion
Pearl
•Beautiful •Pure
美国历史上100个伟大演讲
60.Ronald Reagan Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day
61.Mario Matthew Cuomo Religious Belief and Public Morality
62.Edward M. Kennedy Address to the People of Massachusetts on Chappaquiddick
44. Mary Church Terrell What It Means to be Colored in Capital of the U.S
45. William Jennings Bryan Imperialism
46. Margaret Sanger The Morality of Birth Control
50. Spiro Theodore Agnew Television News Coverage
51.Jesse Jackson 1988 Democratic National Convention Address
52.Mary Fisher 1992 Republication National Convention Address
01. Dr Martin Luther King Jr I Have A Dream
02. John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address
03. Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address
04. Franklin D. Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation War Message
美国国会图书馆推荐书单
美国国会图书馆推荐书单美国国会图书馆"塑造美国的书"（books that shaped America）◆1，本杰明·富兰克林：《对电的实验和观察》(1751)Benjamin Franklin, "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" (1751)◆2，本杰明·富兰克林：《穷理查年鉴：致富之路》(1758)Like us on FacebookBenjamin Franklin, "Poor Richard Improved" (1758) and "The Way to Wealth"◆3，托马斯·潘恩：《常识》(1776)Thomas Paine, "Common Sense" (1776)◆4，诺亚·韦伯斯特：《英语语法原理》(1783)Noah Webster, "A Grammatical Institute of the English Language" (1783)◆5，《联邦党人文集》(1787)"The Federalist" (1787)◆6，《妙趣象形字圣经》(1788)"A Curious Hieroglyphick Bible" (1788)◆7，克里斯托弗·科利斯：《美利坚合众国道路勘测》(1789)Christopher Colles, "A Survey of the Roads of the United States of America" (1789)◆8，本杰明·富兰克林：《已故本杰明·富兰克林博士之个人生活》，即《富兰克林自传》(1793) Benjamin Franklin, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin, LL.D." (1793)◆9，阿梅丽娅·西蒙斯：《美国烹饪》(1796)Amelia Simmons, "American Cookery" (1796)◆10，《新英格兰识字课本》(1803)"New England Primer" (1803)◆11，梅里韦瑟·刘易斯：《在刘易斯和克拉克上尉指挥下探险纪行》(1814)Meriwether Lewis, "History of the Expedition Under the Command of the Captains Lewis and Clark" (1814)◆12，华盛顿·欧文：《睡谷传奇》(1820)Washington Irving, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820)◆13，威廉·霍尔姆斯·麦格菲：《新订麦格菲美德读本》(1836)William Holmes McGuffey, "McGuffey's Newly Revised Eclectic Primer" (1836)◆14，萨缪尔·戈德里奇：《彼得·帕利万国通史》(1837)Samuel Goodrich, "Peter Parley's Universal History" (1837)◆15，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯：《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯自述》(1845)Frederick Douglass, "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" (1845)◆16，纳撒尼尔·霍桑：《红字》(1850)Nathaniel Hawthorne, "The Scarlet Letter" (1850)◆17，赫尔曼·梅尔维尔：《莫比·迪克》，或称《白鲸》(1851)Herman Melville, "Moby-Dick"; or, "The Whale" (1851)◆18，哈丽叶特·比彻·斯托：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(1852)Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852)◆19，亨利·大卫·梭罗：《瓦尔登湖》，或称《林中生活》(1854)Henry David Thoreau, "Walden;" or, "Life in the Woods" (1854)◆20，沃尔特·惠特曼：《草叶集》(1855)Walt Whitman, "Leaves of Grass" (1855)◆21，路易莎·梅·奥尔科特：《小妇人》，或称《梅格、蜀雯、佩丝和艾美》(1868) Louisa May Alcott, "Little Women," or, "Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy" (1868)◆22，霍拉修·阿尔杰：《卖火柴的小男孩马克》(1869)Horatio Alger Jr., "Mark, the Match Boy" (1869)◆23，凯瑟琳·比彻、哈丽叶特·比彻·斯托：《美国妇女家务手册》(1869) Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home" (1869) ◆24，马克·吐温：《哈克贝利·芬历险记》(1884)Mark Twain, "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884)◆25，埃米莉·狄金森：《诗集》(1890)Emily Dickinson, "Poems" (1890)◆26，雅各布·里斯：《另一半怎样生活》(1890)Jacob Riis, "How the Other Half Lives" (1890)◆27，斯蒂芬·克莱恩：《红色英勇勋章》(1895)Stephen Crane, "The Red Badge of Courage" (1895)◆28，弗兰克·鲍姆：《绿野仙踪》(1900)L. Frank Baum, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (1900)◆29，萨拉·布拉德福：《哈丽叶特，人民的摩西》(1901)Sarah H. Bradford, "Harriet, the Moses of Her People" (1901)◆30，杰克·伦敦：《荒野的呼唤》(1903)Jack London, "The Call of the Wild" (1903)◆31，WEB·杜波伊斯：《黑人的灵魂》(1903)W.E.B. Du Bois, "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903)◆32，艾达·塔贝尔：《标准石油公司史》(1904)Ida Tarbell, "The History of Standard Oil" (1904)◆33，厄普顿·辛克莱：《屠场》(1906)Upton Sinclair, "The Jungle" (1906)◆34，亨利·亚当斯：《亨利·亚当斯的教育》(1907)Henry Adams, "The Education of Henry Adams" (1907)◆35，威廉·詹姆士：《实用主义》(1907)William James, "Pragmatism" (1907)◆36，赞恩·格雷：《紫艾草骑士》(1912)Zane Grey, "Riders of the Purple Sage" (1912)◆37，埃德加·赖斯·伯勒斯：《人猿泰山》(1914)Edgar Rice Burroughs, "Tarzan of the Apes" (1914)◆38，玛格丽特·桑杰：《有限生育》(1914)Margaret Sanger, "Family Limitation" (1914)◆39，威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯：《春天及一切》(1923)William Carlos Williams, "Spring and All" (1923)◆40，罗伯特·弗罗斯特：《新罕布什尔》(1923)Robert Frost, "New Hampshire" (1923)◆41，斯科特·菲茨杰拉德：《了不起的盖茨比》(1925)F. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Great Gatsby" (1925)◆42，朗斯顿·休斯：《疲倦的布鲁斯》(1925)Langston Hughes, "The Weary Blues" (1925)◆43，威廉·福克纳：《喧哗与骚动》(1929)William Faulkner, "The Sound and the Fury" (1929)◆44，达谢尔·哈米特：《红色收获》(1929)Dashiell Hammett, "Red Harvest" (1929)◆45，厄玛·罗鲍尔：《烹饪之乐》(1931)Irma Rombauer, "Joy of Cooking" (1931)◆46，玛格丽特·米切尔：《乱世佳人》(1936)Margaret Mitchell, "Gone With the Wind" (1936)◆47，戴尔·卡内基：《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》Dale Carnegie, "How to Win Friends and Influence People" (1936)◆48，佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿：《他们眼望上帝》(1937)Zora Neale Hurston, "Their Eyes Were Watching God" (1937)◆49，联邦作家计划：《爱达荷：图文导览》(1937)Federal Writers' Project, "Idaho: A Guide in Word and Pictures" (1937)◆50，桑顿·怀尔德：《我们的镇子》（1938）Thornton Wilder, "Our Town: A Play" (1938)◆51，《匿名戒酒》(1939)"Alcoholics Anonymous" (1939)◆52，约翰·斯坦贝克：《愤怒的葡萄》(1939)John Steinbeck, "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939)◆53，欧内斯特·海明威：《钟为谁鸣》(1940)Ernest Hemingway, "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940)◆54，理查德·赖特：《土生子》(1940)Richard Wright, "Native Son" (1940)◆55，贝蒂·史密斯：《布鲁克林有棵树》(1943)Betty Smith, "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" (1943)◆56，本杰明·博特金：《美国民歌金库》(1944)Benjamin A. Botkin, "A Treasury of American Folklore" (1944)◆57，格温多琳·布鲁克斯：《铜镇街头》(1945)Gwendolyn Brooks, "A Street in Bronzeville" (1945)◆58，本杰明·斯波克：《育儿常识》(1946)Benjamin Spock, "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" (1946) ◆59，尤金·奥尼尔：《送冰的人来了》(1946) Eugene O'Neill, "The Iceman Cometh" (1946)◆60，玛格丽特·怀斯·布朗：《晚安月球》(1947)Margaret Wise Brown, "Goodnight Moon" (1947)◆61，田纳西·威廉斯：《欲望号街车》(1947)Tennessee Williams, "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1947)◆62，阿尔弗雷德·金赛：《男性性行为》(1948)Alfred C. Kinsey, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" (1948)◆63，JD·塞林格：《麦田里的守望者》(1951)J.D. Salinger, "The Catcher in the Rye" (1951)◆64，拉尔夫·埃利森：《看不见的人》(1952)Ralph Ellison, "Invisible Man" (1952)◆65，EB·怀特：《夏洛的网》(1952)E.B. White, "Charlotte's Web" (1952)◆66，雷·布拉德伯里：《华氏451》(1953)Ray Bradbury, "Fahrenheit 451" (1953)◆67，艾伦·金斯堡：《嚎叫》(1956)Allen Ginsberg, "Howl" (1956)◆68，安·兰德：《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》(1957)Ayn Rand, "Atlas Shrugged" (1957)◆69，苏斯博士：《帽中猫》(1957)Dr. Seuss, "The Cat in the Hat" (1957)◆70，杰克·凯鲁亚克：《在路上》(1957)Jack Kerouac, "On the Road" (1957)◆71，哈珀·李：《杀死一只反舌鸟》(1960)Harper Lee, "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1960)◆72，约瑟夫·海勒：《第二十二条军规》(1961)Joseph Heller, "Catch-22" (1961)◆73，罗伯特·海因莱：《异乡异客》(1961)Robert E. Heinlein, "Stranger in a Strange Land" (1961)◆74，埃兹拉·杰克·基茨：《下雪天》(1962)Ezra Jack Keats, "The Snowy Day" (1962)◆75，莫里斯·森达克：《野兽家园》(1963)Maurice Sendak, "Where the Wild Things Are" (1963)◆76，詹姆斯·鲍德温：《烈火将燃》(1963)James Baldwin, "The Fire Next Time" (1963)◆77，贝蒂·弗里丹：《女性迷思》(1963)Betty Friedan, "The Feminine Mystique" (1963)◆78，马尔科姆·X、亚历克斯·黑利：《马尔科姆·X自传》(1965) Malcolm X and Alex Haley, "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" (1965) ◆79，拉尔夫·纳德：《任何速度都不安全》(1965) Ralph Nader, "Unsafe at Any Speed" (1965)◆80，蕾切尔·卡森：《寂静的春天》(1962)Rachel Carson, "Silent Spring" (1962)◆81，杜鲁门·卡波特：《冷血》(1966)Truman Capote, "In Cold Blood" (1966)◆82，詹姆斯·沃森：《双螺旋》(1968)James D. Watson, "The Double Helix" (1968)◆83，迪·布朗：《魂归伤膝谷》(1970)Dee Brown, "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" (1970)◆84，波士顿妇女健康图书协会：《我们的身体，我们自己》(1971) Boston Women's Health Book Collective, "Our Bodies, Ourselves" (1971) ◆85，卡尔·萨根：《宇宙》(1980)Carl Sagan, "Cosmos" (1980)◆86，托妮·莫里森：《宠儿》(1987)Toni Morrison, "Beloved" (1987)◆87，兰迪·希尔茨：《乐队继续演奏》(1987)Randy Shilts, "And the Band Played On" (1987)◆88，塞萨尔·查韦斯：《塞萨尔·查韦斯语录》(2002) Ce?sar Cha?vez, "The Words of Ce s ar Cha v ez" (2002)美国国会图书馆评出的塑造读者的25本书《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《地球颤栗》《富兰克林自转》《马尔科姆.X自传》《圣经》《麦田里的守望者》《夏洛的网》《安妮日记》《唐吉柯德》《乱世佳人》《广岛》《如何赢取朋友和影响人》《我知道为什么笼中的鸟儿会唱歌》《隐形人》《小王子》《小妇人》《指环王》《根》《神秘园》《寂静的春天》《杀死一只知更鸟》《金银岛》《瓦尔登湖》《战争与和平》《你的降落伞是什么颜色》。
美国历史上最具影响力的20大人物
1. 乔治-华盛顿（George Washington）乔治-华盛顿是美国首任总统，美国独立战争大陆军总司令。
1789年当选为美国第一任总统，1793年获得连任，在两届任期结束后，他自愿放弃权力不再续任，隐退于弗农山庄园。
由于他扮演了美国独立战争和建国中最重要的角色，故被尊称为“美国国父”，学者们则将他和亚伯拉罕-林肯并列为美国历史上两位最伟大的总统。
2.托马斯-杰斐逊（Thomas.Jefferson）在美国的众多开国元老中，托马斯-杰斐逊无疑是最具有远见的一位。
杰斐逊出生于弗吉尼亚一个富裕家庭，曾就读于威廉与玛丽学院。
1800年竞选总统时，他与阿伦-伯尔所得选举人票数相等，后由众议院选择杰斐逊当总统。
截至目前为止，杰斐逊为唯一担任过美国副总统后又选上总统，且任满两个任期者。
作为《独立宣言》的主要起草人，杰斐逊最的成就无疑是《独立宣言》。
自1776年以来，《独立宣言》中所体现的原则就一直为世人所传颂。
美国的改革家们，不论是出于什么动机，不论是为了废除奴隶制，禁止种族隔离或是要提高公民的权利，都会向公众提到“人人生而平等”（All men are created equal）这一名言。
除此之外，杰斐逊还是一个著名的发明家，他兴趣十分广泛，且喜欢自己想出一些新鲜玩艺。
比如，杰斐逊家客厅的双开大门，两扇门会同步转动开闭，是因为他自己在地板下安装了连动两个门轴的装置。
地下室厨房里做好的饭菜，可以通过升降梯送到楼上餐厅，这个我们现在在饭店里司空见惯的装置，却是由杰斐逊第一个设计出来的。
3. 萨卡加维亚（Sacagawea）、梅里韦瑟-刘易斯（Meriwether Lewis）和威廉-克拉克（William Clark）萨卡加维亚、梅里韦瑟-刘易斯和威廉-克拉克这三人都是美国国内首次横越大陆西抵太平洋沿岸的往返考察活动的队员，其中领队为美国陆军的刘易斯上尉和威克拉克少尉为领队，该活动是由杰斐逊总统发起。
当时，在加拿大的英国人和仍然占据着得克萨斯以及西南部地区的西班牙人，从来没有对路易斯安那死心，它们煽动当地的印第安人对抗进入这一地区的美国移民。
格里格作品目录集
OPUSLISTEOp.1Fire pianostykker / Four Piano Pieces1. Allegro con leggerezza2. Non allegro e molto espressivo3. Mazurka4. Allegro con motoOp.2Fire sanger / Four Songs1. Die Müllerin ( Chamisso ) / The Maid of the Mill2. Eingehüllt in grauen Wolken ( Heine ) / Closely Wrapped in Misty Billows3. Ich stand in dunkeln Traümen ( Heine ) / I Stood Before Her Portrait4. Was soll ich sagen ? ( Chamisso ) / What Shall I Say ?Op.3 Poetiske Tonebilder / Poetic Tone Pictures1 Allegro ma non troppo2 Allegro cantabile3 Con moto4 Andante con sentimento5 Allegro moderato6 Allegro scherzandoOp.4Seks dikt / Six Songs1 Die Waise (Chamisso) / The Orphan2 Morgenthau (Chamisso) / Morning Dew3 Abschied (Heine) / Parting4 Jägerlied (Uhland) / Hunting Song5 Das alte Lied (Heine) / The Old Song6 Wo sind sie hin ? (Heine) / Where Have They Gone?Op.5Hjertets Melodier (H. C. Andersen) / Melodies of the Heart1 To brune Øine / Two Brown Eyes2 Du fatter ei Bølgernes evige Gang / The Poet’s Heart3 Jeg elsker dig ! / I Love But Thee4 Min Tanke er et mægtigt Fjeld / My Mind is Like a Mountain SteepOp.6Humoresker / Humoresques1 Tempo di valse2 Tempo de Menuetto ed energico3 Allegretto con grazia4 Allegro con burlaOp.7Sonate for Piano i e-moll / Piano Sonata in E MinorOp.8 Sonate for fiolin og klaver nr. 1 i F-dur / Violin Sonata No. 1 in F MajorOp.9Romancer og Ballader (Andeas Munch) / Songs and Ballads1 Harpen / The Harp2 Vuggesang / Cradle Song3 Solnedgang / Sunset4 Udfaren / Outward BoundOp.10Fire Romancer (Christian Winther) / Four Songs1 Taksigelse / Thanks2 Skovsang / Woodland Song3 Blomsternes tale / Song of the Flowers4 Sang paa Fjeldet / Song on the MountainOp.11I Höst. En fantasi for firhendig piano / In AutumnOp.12Lyriske stykker, Hefte I / Lyric Pieces I1 Arietta2 Vals / Waltz3 Vægtersang / Watchman’s Song4 Elverdans / Fairy Dance5 Folkevise / Folk Song6 Norsk / Norwegian7 Stambogsblad / Album Leaf8 Fædrelandssang / National SongOp.13Sonate for fiolin og klaver nr. 2 i G-dur / Violin Sonata No. 2 in G MajorOp.14To symfoniske stykker / Two Symphonic Pieces1 Adagio cantabile2 Allegro energicoOp.15Romancer / Four Songs1 Margretes Vuggesang fra " Kongsemnerne " (Ibsen) / Margaret’s Cradle Song2 Kjærlighed (H. C. Andersen) / Love3 Langelandsk Folkemelodi (H. C. Andersen) / Folk Song from Langeland4 Modersorg (C. Richardt) / A Mother’s GriefOp.16Klaverkonsert i a-moll / Piano Concerto in A MinorOp.1725 Norske Folkeviser og Danser / 25 Norwegian Folk Songs and Dances1 Springdans / Springar2 Ungersvennen / The Swain3 Springdans / Springar4 Niels Tallefjorden5 Jølstring / Dance from Jølster6 Brurelåt / Wedding Tune7 Halling8 Grisen / The Pig9 Når mit øye / Religious Song10 Friervise / The Wooer’s Song11 Kjempevise / Heroic Ballad12 Solfager og Ormekongen / Solfager and the Snake King13 Reiseslåt / Wedding March14 Jeg sjunger med sorrigfuldt hjerte / I Sing with a Sorrowfull Heart15 Den siste lørdagskvelden / Last Saturday Evening16 Eg veit ei lita jente / I Know a Little Maiden17 Kleggen og Fluga / The Gadfly and the Fly18 Stabbelåten / Peasant Dance19 Hølje Dale20 Halling21 Sæbygga / The Woman from Setesdal22 So lokka me over den myra / Cow Call23 Så du nokke te kjæringa mi / Peasant Song24 Brurelåt / Wedding Tune25 Rabnabryllaup i Kråkeland / The Raven’s WeddingOp18 Romanser og Sanger / Nine Songs1 Vandring i Skoven (H. C. Andersen) / Moonlit Forest2 Hun er saa hvid (H. C. Andersen) / My Darling is as White as Snow3 En Digters sidste Sang (H. C. Andersen) / The Poet’s Farewell4 Efteraarsstormen (C. Richardt) / Autumn Storms5 Poesien (H. C. Andersen) / Poesy6 Ungbirken (Jørgen Moe) / The Young Birch Tree7 Hytten (H. C. Andersen) / The Cottage8 Rosenknoppen (Andersen) / The Rosebud9 Serenade for Welhaven (Bjørnson)Op.19Folkelivsbilleder / Pictures from Folk Life1 Fj eldslåt / In the Mountains2 Brudefølget drar forbi / Bridal Procession3 Fra Karnevalet / From the CarnivalOp.20Foran Sydens Kloster ( Bjørnson ) / Before a Southern ConventOp.21Fire Dikt fra Fiskerjenten (Bjørnson) / Four Songs1 Det første møte / The First Meeting2 God morgen / Good Morning !3 Jeg giver mit digt til våren / To Springtime my Song I’m Singing4 Tak for dit råd / Say What You WillOp.22Sigurd Jorsalfar (Bjørnson)1 Borghilds Drøm / Borghild’s Dream2 Ved Mandjevningen / At the Matching Game3 Kvad: Norrønafolket / Northland folk4 Hyldningsmarsch / Homage March5 Kongekvadet / The King’s SongOp.23Peer Gynt (Ibsen)1 Prelude til 1. akt: I Bryllupsgården / At the Wedding2 Halling3 Springdans4 Prelude til 2. akt: Bruderovet - Ingrids Klage / The Abduction of the Bride5 Peer Gynt og Sæterjentene / Peer Gynt and the Herd Girls6 Den grønklædde / The Woman in Green7 På ridestellet skal storfolk kjennes / You can tell great men by the styleof their mounts8 I Dovregubbens Hall / In the Hall of the Mountain King9 Dans av Dovregubbens Datter / Dance of the Mountain King’s Daughter10 Peer Gynt jages av trollene / Peer Gynt Hunted by the Trolls11 Bøygen / The Bøyg12 Åses Død / The Death of Aase13 Prelude til 4. akt: Morgenstemning / Morning Mood14 Tyven og mottageren / The Thief and the Receiver15 Arabisk Dans / Arabian Dance16 Anitras dans / Anitra’s Danve17 Peer Gynts Serenade18 Peer Gynt og Anitra / Peer Gynt and Anitra19 Solveigs Sang / Solveig’s Song20 Peer Gynt ved Memnonstatuen / Peer Gynt at the Statue of Memnon21 Peer Gynts hjemkomst / Peer Gynt’s Homecoming22 Skipsforliset / The Shipwreck23 Solveigs sang i hytten / Solveig’s Song in the Hut24 Nattscene / Nightscene25 Kirkefolk / Whitsun Hymn26 Solveigs vuggevise / Solveig’s Cradle SongOp.24Ballade i g-moll / ballad in G MinorOp.25Seks dikt (Ibsen) / Six Songs1 Spillemænd / Fiddlers2 En Svane / A Swan3 Stambogsrim / Album Lines4 Med en Vandlilje / With a waterlilly5 Borte / Departed !6 En fuglevise / A Bird-SongOp.26 Fem dikt (John Paulsen) / Five Songs1 Et Håb / Hope2 Jeg reiste en deilig sommerkvæld / I Walked One Balmy Summer Eve3 Den ærgjerrige / You Wispered That You Loved Me4 Med en primula veris / The First Primrose5 På skogstien / Autumn ThoughtsOp.27Strykekvartett i g-moll / String Quartet No. 1 in G MinorOp.284 Albumblad / Album Leaves1 i Ass-dur / Allegro con moto2 i F-dur / Allegretto espressivo3 i A-dur / Vivace4 i ciss-moll / Andantino seriosoOp.29Improvisata over to norske folkeviser / Improvisation on 2 Norwegian Folk Songs1 Guten og gjenta på fjöshellen / Andante2 Dæ var eigong en Kungje / Allegretto con motoOp.30Album for Mannssang / Album for Male Voices1 Jeg lagde mig så sildig / I Lay Down So Late2 Bådn- Låt / Children’s Song3 Torø liti / Little Torø4 Halling5 Dæ æ den største Dårligheit / It Is the Greatest Foolishness6 Går e ut ein Kveld / Springar7 Han Ole / Young Ole8 Halling9 Deiligste blandt Kvinder / Fairest Among Women10 Den store, hvide Flok / The Great White Host11 Fantegutten / The Gypsy Lad12 Røtnams KnutOp.31Landkjenning (Bjørnson) / Land SightingOp.32 Den Bergtekne / The Mountain ThrallOp.3312 Melodier til dikt av A. O. Vinje / 12 Songs to Poems by A. O. Vinje1 Guten / The Youth2 Våren / Last Spring3 Den sårede / The Wounded Heart4 Tytteæret / The Berry5 Langs ei Å / Beside the Stream6 Eit Syn / A Vision7 Gamle Mor / The Old Mother8 Det Første / The First Thing9 Ved Rondane / At Rondane10Et Vennestykke / A Piece of Friendship11 Trudom / Faith12 Fyremål / The GoalOp.34To elegiske melodier for strykeorkester / two Elegic Melodies1 Hjertesår / The Wounded Heart2 Våren / last SpringOp.35Norske danser / Norwegian Dances1 Allegretto marcato2 Allegretto tranquilo e grazioso3 Allegro moderato alla marcia4 Allegro moltoOp.36Sonate for cello og klaver / Cello Sonata in A MinorOp.37Valse-kapriser / Waltz Caprices1 Tempo di Valse moderato2 Tempo di ValseOp.38Lyriske stykker, hefte II / Lyric Pieces II1 Vuggevise / Cradle Song2 Folkevise / Folk Song3 Melodie / Melody4 Halling5 Springdans / Springar6 Elegie / Elegy7 Vals / Waltz8 Kanon / CanonOp.39Romancer (eldre og nyere) / Six Songs (Older and Newer)1 Fra Monte Pincio (Bjørnson)2 Dulgt kjærlighed (Bjørnson) / Hidden Love3 I liden høit deroppe (Jonas Lie) / Upon a Grassy Hillside4 Millom rosor (Kristoffer Janson) / Among Roses5 Ved en ung hustrus båre (O. P. Monrad) / At the Grave of a Young Wife6 Hører jeg sangen klinge (Nordahl Rolfsen) / Hearing a Song or CarolOp.40Fra Holbergs tid (Holbergsuiten) / Hoberg Suite1 Prelude2 Sarabande3 Gavotte4 Air5 RigaudonOp.41Klaverstykker etter egne sanger / Transcriptions of Original Songs1 Vuggesang / Craddle Song2 Liden Håkon / Little Haakon3 Jeg elsker dig / I Love Thee4 Hun er saa hvid / She Is So White5 Prinsessen / The Princess6 Jeg giver mit digt til våren / To SpringOp.42Bergliot (Bjørnson)Op.43Lyriske stykker, hefte III / Lyric Pieces III1 Sommerfugl / Butterfly2 Ensom vandrer / Solitary Traveler3 I Hjemmet / In My Native Country4 Liden Fugl / Little Bird5 Erotik / Erotikon6 Til Foråret / To SpringOp.44Reiseminner fra fjell & fjord (H.Drachmann)1 Prolog / Prologue2 Johanne3 Ragnhild4 Ingebjørg5 Ragna6 Epilog / EpilogueOp.45Sonate for fiolin og klaver nr. 3 i c-moll / Violin Sonata No. 3 in C MinorOp.46 Peer Gynt Suite nr. 11 Morgenstemning / Morning Mood2 Åses Død / The Death of Aase3 Anitras Dans / Anitra’s Dance4 I Dovregubbens Hall / In the Hall of the Mountain KingOp.47Lyriske stykker, hefte IV, Lyric Pieces IV1 Valse-Impromptu2 Albumblad / Album Leaf3 Melodie / Melody4 Halling5 Melankoli / Melancholy6 Springdans / Springar7 Elegie / ElegyOp.48Seks sanger / Six Songs1 Gruß (Heine) / Greeting2 Dereinst, Gedanke mein (Geibel) / One Day, O Heart of Mine3 Lauf der Welt (Uhland) / The Way of the World4 Die verschwiegene Nachtigall (v. der Vogelwelde) / TheNightingale’s Secret5 Zur Rosenzeit (Goethe) / The Time of Roses6 Ein Traum (Bodenstedt) / A DreamOp.49Seks dikt (Holger Drachmann) / Six Songs1 Saa du Knøsen? / Tell Me Now, Did You See the Lad2 Vug, O Vove / Rocking, Rocking on Gentle Waves3 Vær hilset, I Damer / Kind Greetings, F air Ladies4 Nu er Aftnen lys og lang / Now Is Evening Light and Long5 Julesne / Christmas Snow6 Forårsregn / Spring ShowersOp.50Olav Trygvason (Bjørnson)Op.51Gammel norsk melodi med variasjonerOld Norwegian Melody With VariationsOp.52Klaverstykker etter egne sanger / Transcriptions of original Songs1 Modersorg / A Mother’s Grief2 Det første møte / The First Meeting3 Du fatter ei Bølgernes evige Gang / The Poet’s Heart4 Solveigs sang / Solveig’s Song5 Kjærlighed / Love6 Du gamle Mor / The Old MotherOp.53To Melodier for Strykeorkester / Two Melodies for String Orchestra1 Norsk / Norwegian2 Det første Møte / The First MeetingOp.54Lyriske stykker, hefte V / Lyric Pieces V1 Gjætergut / Sherherd’s Boy2 Gangar3 Troldtog / March of the Dwarfs4 Notturno / Nocturne5 Scherzo6 Klokkeklang / Bell RingingOp.55Peer Gynt Suite Nr. II1 Bruderovet ,Ingrids Klage / The Abduction of the Bride, Ingrid’s Lament2 Arabisk Dans / Arabian Dance3 Peer G ynts Hjemfart / Peer Gynt’s Homecoming4 Solveigs Sang / Solveig’s SangOp.563 Orkesterstykker fra Sigurd Jorsalfar / 3 Orchestral Pieces from Sigurd Jorsalfar1 Prelude: Ved Mannjevningen / In the King’s Hall2 Intermezzo: Borhilds Drøm / Borghild’s Dream3 Hyldningsmarsch / Homage MarchOp.57Lyriske stykker, hefte VI, Lyric Pieces VI1 Svundne Dage / Vanished Days2 Gade3 Illusion4 Hemmelighed / Secret5 Hun danser / She Dances6 Hjemve / HomesicknessOp.58Norge (John Paulsen) / Five Songs1 Hjemkomst / Homeward2 Til Norge / To the Motherland3 Henrik Wergeland4 Turisten / The Shepherdess5 Udvandreren / The EmigrantOp.59Elegiske dikt (John Paulsen) / Six Elegiac Songs1 Når jeg vil dø / Autumns Farewell2 På Norges nøgne fjelde / The Pine Tree3 Til en I / To Her I4 Til en II / To Her II5 Farvel / Good-bye6 Nu hviler du i jorden / Tour Eyes Are Closed ForeverOp.60Dikt (Vilhelm Krag) / Five Songs1 Liden Kirsten / Little Kirsten2 Moderen synge r / The Mother’s Lament3 Mens jeg venter / On the Water4 Der skreg en fugl / A Bird Cried Out5 Og jeg vil ha mig en hjertenskjær / Midsummer EveOp.61Barnlige sanger / Seven Children’s Songs1 Havet (N. Rolfsen) / The Ocean2 Sang til Juletæe t (Johan Krohn) / The Christmas Tree3 Lok (Bjørnson) / Farmyard4 Fiskervise (Petter Dass) / Fisherman’s Song5 Kveldsang for Blakken (N. Rolfsen) / Good-night Song for Dobbin6 De norske fjelde (N. Rolfsen) / The Norwegian Mountains7 Fædrelands- Salme (Rolfsen) / Hymn of the FatherlandOp.62Lyriske stykker, hefte VII / Lyric Pieces VII1 Sylphe / Sylph2 Takk / Gratitude3 Fransk Serenade / French Serenade4 Bækken / Brooklet5 Drømmesyn / Phantom6 Hjemad / HomewardOp.63To nordiske melodier / Two Nordic Melodies1 I Folketonestil / In Folk Style2 Kulokk og Stabbelåten / Cow Call and Peasant’s DanceOp.64Symfoniske Danser / Symphonic Dances1 Allegro moderato e marcato2 Allegretto grazioso3 Allegro giocoso4 Andante: Allegro molto e risolutoOp.65Lyriske stykker, hefte VIII / Lyric Pieces VIII1 Fra Ungdomsdagene / From Early Years2 Bondens Sang / Peasant’s Song3 Tungsind / Melancholy4 Salon5 I Balladetone / Ballad6 Bryllupsdag på Troldhaugen / Wedding D ay at TroldhaugenOp.6619 norske folkeviser / 19 Norwegian Folk Songs1 Kuluk / Cow Call2 Det er den største Dårlighed / It Is the Greatest Foolishness3 En Konge hersked i Østerland / A King Ruled in the East4 Siri Dale Visen / The Siri Dale Song5 Det var i min Ungdom / It Was in My Youth6 Lok og bådnlåt / Cow Call and Lullaby7 Bådnlåt / Lullaby8 Lok / Cow Call9 Liten va Guten / Small Was the Lad10 Morgo ska du få gifta deg / Tomorrow You Shall Marry Her11 Det stander to Piger / There Stood Two Girls12 Ranveig13 En liten grå Man / A Little Grey Man14 I Ola-dalom, i Ola-Kjønn / In Ola Valley, in Ola Lake15 Bådnlåt / Lullaby16 Ho vesle Astrid vor / Little Astrid17 Bådnlåt / Lullaby18 Jeg går i tusind Tanker / I Wander Deep in Though ts19 Gjendines Bådnlåt / Gjendine’s LullabyOp.67Haugtussa (Arne Garborg) / The Mountain Maid1 Det syng / The Enticement2 Veslemøy3 Blaabærli / Blueberry Slope4 Møte / The Tryst5 Elsk / Love6 Killingdans / Kidlings’ Dance7 Vond Dag / Hurtful Day8 Ved Gjætle- Bekken / At the BrookOp.68Lyriske stykker, hefte IX / Lyric Pieces IX1 Matrosernes Opsang / Sailors’ Song2 Bestemors menuett / Grandmother’s Minuet3 For dine Føtter / At Your Feet4 Aften på Højfjeldet / Evening in th e Mountains5 Bådnlåt / At the Cradle6 Valse mélancoliqueOp.69Fem dikt (Otto Benzon) / Five Songs1 Der gynger en Baad paa Bølge / A Boat on the Waves Is Rocking2 Til min Dreng / To My Son3 Ved Moders Grav / At Mother’s Grave4 Snegl, Snegl ! / Snail, Snail !5 Drømme / DreamsOp.70Fem dikt (Otto Benzon) / Five Songs1 Eros2 Jeg lever et Liv i Længsel / A Life of Longing3 Lys Nat / Summer Night4 Se dig for, naar du vælger din Vej / Walk With Care5 Digtervise / A Poet’s SongOp.71Lyriske stykker, hefte X / Lyric Pieces X1 Der var engang / Once Upon a Time2 Sommeraften / Summer’s Eve3 Småtrold / Puck4 Skovstilhed / Peace of the Woods5 Halling6 Forbi / Gone7 Efterklang / RemembrancesOp.72Slåtter / Norwegian Peasant’s Dances1 Gibøens Bruremarsj / Gibøen’s Bridal March2 John Væstafæs Springdans / John Væstafæ’s Springar3 Bruremarsj fra Telemark / Bridal March from Telemark4 Haugelåt / Halling from the Fairy Hill5 Prillaren fra Os Præstegjeld / The Pr illar from Os Parish6 Gangar7 Røtnamsknut8 Bruremarsj (etter Myllarguten) / Myllarguten’s Bridal March9 Nils Rekves halling10 Knut Luråsens halling I11 Knut Luråsens halling II12 Springdans (etter Myllarguten) / Myllarguten’s Springar13 Håvar Gibøens Draum ved Oterholtsbrua / Håvar Gibøens Dream14 Tussebrurefæra på Vossevangen / The Goblin’s Bridal Procesion At Voss15 Skuldalsbruri / The Skuldal Bride16 Kivlemøyerne (Springdans) / The Maidens from Kivledal (Springar)17 Kivlemøyerne (Gangar) / Th e Maidens from Kivledal (Gangar)Op.73Stemninger / Moods1 Resignation2 Scherzo-Impromptu3 Nattligt Ridt / Night Ride4 Folketone / Folk Tune from Valdres5 Studie / Homage to Chopin6 Studenternes Serenade / The Student’s Serenade7 Lualåt / Mountain TuneOp.74Fire Salmer / Four Psalms1 Hvad est du dog skjøn (Brorson) / How Fair Is Thy Face2 Guds Søn har gjordt meg fri (Brorson) / God’s Son Has Set Me Free3 Jesus Christus er opfaren ( Thomissøn) / Jesus Christ Our Lord Is Risen4 I Himmelen (Laurentii) / In Heav’n Above。
近代日本的人口状况与人口政策
近代日本的人口状况与人口政策*李卓南开大学日本研究院【摘要】【摘要】明治维新之后，增加人口被作为日本富国强兵的基本国策，结束了江户时代中期以来的人口停滞状态，近代工业文明的发达促成人口增长波浪。
而人口过剩之后，日本政府然通过海外移民及殖民地移民缓解人口压力，在对外侵略战争中，更极力推行人口扩张政策。
【期刊名称】日本研究【年(卷),期】2011(000)004【总页数】8【关键词】【关键词】人口停滞明治维新海外移民殖民地移民人口扩张人口问题不仅是困扰当今日本的严重社会问题，从历史上看，也一直是挥之不去的阴影。
近代日本的人口问题与政治、外交有着密切联系，也与对外侵略息息相关。
了解近代日本的人口状况与人口政策，对认识近代日本内政外交有所裨益。
一、前近代日本人口状况日本在大陆文化的影响下，曾经有短暂的户籍与人口统计的历史，但随着中央集权制度的瓦解及近七百年中中央政权名存实亡，便不再有全国统一的户籍与人口统计。
从11世纪开始，日本进入阙户籍时代，数百年内没有进行全国性的人口调查，使当时的人口状况处于无从可考的状态。
这种现象直到江户时代才有改变。
德川幕府为了禁止基督教的传播和加强对民众的统治，从1671年起要求每年检查民众的宗教信仰，并按村登记“宗门改帐”，“宗门改帐”在当时实际上起到了户籍的作用。
1721年，德川幕府第八代将军德川吉宗为解决财政危机进行“享宝改革”，其内容之一就是要求各藩上报领内的人口。
1726年，再次进行了人口调查。
1726年是丙午年，此后每六年、即在子年和午年进行人口调查成为定制，故德川幕府的人口调查被称作“子午改”。
从1726年至1846年，共进行了19次全国人口调查，并留下了记录，成为了解江户时代人口状况的宝贵资料。
根据这些资料，可知进入17世纪（江户时代前期），由于全国统一后社会安定，经济发展，民众的生活大有改善，出现了人口急速增长。
据推算，1600年全国人口在1200万（历史人口学者速水融观点）至1800万（历史地理学者吉田东伍观点）之间，而到120后的1721年，以年平均5‰－10‰速度增加到3100万人①，历史人口学家鬼头宏称江户时代前期为“人口爆炸”时代。
美国经典英文演讲100篇
美国经典英文演讲100篇篇一：最伟大的100篇英文演讲排名 Top100 speechesTop100 speeches 美国20世纪最伟大演讲100篇Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25SpeakerMartin Luther King, Jr. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt Barbara Charline Jordan Richard Milhous Nixon Malcolm X Ronald Wilson Reagan John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon Baines Johnson Mario Matthew Cuomo Jesse Louis Jackson Barbara Charline Jordan (General) Douglas MacArthur Martin Luther King, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt Robert Francis Kennedy Dwight David Eisenhower Thomas Woodrow Wilson (General) Douglas MacArthur Richard Milhous Nixon John Fitzgerald Kennedy Clarence Seward Darrow Russell H. Conwell Ronald Wilson ReaganTitle/Text/MultiMedia"I Have A Dream" Inaugural Address First Inaugural Address Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation 1976 DNC Keynote Address "Checkers""The Ballot or the Bullet"Shuttle ''Challenger'' Disaster Address Houston Ministerial Association Speech "We Shall Overcome" 1984 DNC Keynote Address 1984 DNC AddressStatement on the Articles of Impeachment Farewell Address to Congress"I've Been to the Mountaintop" "The Man with the Muck-rake" Remarks on the Assassination of MLK Farewell Address War Message "Duty, Honor, Country" "The Great Silent Majority" "Ich bin ein Berliner" "Mercy for Leopold and Loeb" "Acres of Diamonds" "A Time for Choosing"Audiomp3 mp3 mp3.1 mp3.2 mp3 mp3 mp3 TranscriptPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASH PDF FLASHPDF FLASHmp3mp3mp3-Excerpt26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35Huey Pierce Long Anna Howard Shaw Franklin Delano Roosevelt Ronald Wilson Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan Franklin Delano Roosevelt Harry S. Truman William Cuthbert Faulkner Eugene Victor Debs Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton"Every Man a King""The Fundamental Principle of a Republic" "The Arsenal of Democracy" "The Evil Empire" First Inaugural Address First Fireside Chat "The Truman Doctrine" Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech 1918 Statement to the Court "Women's Rights are Human Rights"mp3mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASH PDF FLASHPDF FLASH36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50Dwight David Eisenhower John Fitzgerald Kennedy Dorothy Ann Willis Richards Richard Milhous Nixon Thomas Woodrow Wilson Margaret Chase Smith Franklin Delano Roosevelt Martin Luther King, Jr. William Jennings Bryan Barbara Pierce Bush John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy Spiro Theodore Agnew Jesse Louis Jackson Mary Fisher"Atoms for Peace"American University Commencement Address 1988 DNC Keynote Address Resignation Speech "The Fourteen Points" "Declaration of Conscience" "The Four Freedoms" "A Time to Break Silence" "Against Imperialism"1990 Wellesley College Commencement Address Civil Rights Address Cuban Missile Crisis Address "Television News Coverage" 1988 DNC Address "A Whisper of AIDS"mp3PDF FLASHOff-Site.mp3 mp3 mp3.1 mp3.2PDF FLASH51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74Lyndon Baines Johnson George Catlett Marshall Edward Moore Kennedy Adlai Ewing Stevenson Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Geraldine Anne Ferraro Robert Marion La Follette Ronald Wilson Reagan Mario Matthew Cuomo Edward Moore Kennedy John Llewellyn Lewis Barry Morris Goldwater Stokely Carmichael Hubert Horatio Humphrey Emma Goldman Carrie Chapman Catt Newton Norman Minow Edward Moore Kennedy Anita Faye Hill Thomas Woodrow Wilson Hey Louis ("Lou") Gehrig Richard Milhous Nixon Carrie Chapman Catt Edward Moore Kennedy"The Great Society" "The Marshall Plan""Truth and Tolerance in America" Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address "The Struggle for Human Rights"Vice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech "Free Speech in Wartime"40th Anniversary of D-Day Address "Religious Belief and Public Morality" "Chappaquiddick" "The Rights of Labor"Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address "Black Power" 1948 DNC Address Address to the Jury "The Crisis""Television and the Public Interest" Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee League of Nations Final Address Farewell to Baseball Address Cambodian Incursion Address Address to the U.S. Congress 1980 DNC Addressmp3 mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHmp3mp3Off-Site mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHmp3mp3mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASH75 Lyndon Baines Johnson On Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Election76 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Commonwealth Club Address 77 Thomas Woodrow Wilson First Inaugural Address78 Mario Savio "Sproul Hall Sit-in Speech/An End to History" 79 Elizabeth Glaser 1992 DNC Address 80 Eugene Victor Debs "The Issue" 81 Margaret Higgins Sanger "Children's Era"82 Ursula Kroeber Le Guin "A Left-Handed Commencement Address" 83 Crystal Eastman "Now We Can Begin" 84 Huey Pierce Long "Share Our Wealth"85 Gerald Rudolph Ford Address on Taking the Oath of Office 86 Cesar Estrada Chavez Speech on Ending His 25 Day Fast 87 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Statement at the Smith Act Trial 88 Jimmy Earl Carter "A Crisis of Confidence"89 Malcolm X "Message to the Grassroots" 90 William Jefferson Clinton Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Address 91 Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm "For the Equal Rights Amendment" 92 Ronald Wilson Reagan Brandenburg Gate Address 93 Eliezer ("Elie") Wiesel "The Perils of Indifference"94 Gerald Rudolph Ford National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon 95 Thomas Woodrow Wilson "For the League of Nations" 96 Lyndon Baines Johnson "Let Us Continue"97 Joseph N. Welch "Have You No Sense of Decency" 98 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Adopting the Declaration of Human Rights 99 Robert Francis Kennedy "Day of Affirmation"100John Forbes Kerry"Vietnam Veterans Against the War"PDF FLASHmp3mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASH mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASHmp3mp3PDF FLASH篇二：美国20世纪100个经典英文演讲MP3RankSpeakerTitle/TextAudio1Martin Luther King, Jr. "I Have A Dream"mp3 Stream2John Fitzgerald KennedyInaugural Addressmp3 Stream3Franklin Delano RooseveltFirst Inaugural Addressmp3 Stream4Franklin Delano RooseveltPearl Harbor Address to the Nationmp3Stream5Barbara Charline Jordan1976 DNC Keynote Addressmp3 Stream6Richard MilhousNixon"Checkers"mp3 Stream7Malcolm X"The Ballot or the Bullet"mp3.1mp3.28Ronald Wilson ReaganShuttle ''Challenger'' Disaster Addressmp3Stream9John Fitzgerald KennedyHouston Ministerial Association Speechmp3 Stream10Lyndon Baines Johnson"We Shall Overcome"mp3 Stream11Mario Mathew Cuomo1984 DNC Keynote Addressmp3 Stream12Jesse Louis Jackson1984 DNC Addressmp3.1 mp3.2 mp3.313Barbara Charline JordanStatement on the Articles ofImpeachmentmp3 Stream14(General) Douglas MacArthurFarewell Address to Congressmp3 Stream15Martin Luther King, Jr. "I've Been to the Mountaintop"mp3 Stream16TheodoreRoosevelt"The Man with the Muck-rake"17Robert Francis KennedyRemarks on the Assassination of MLKingmp3 Stream18Dwight David EisenhowerFarewell Addressmp3 Stream19Woodrow Thomas WilsonWar Message20(General) Douglas MacArthur"Duty, Honor, Country"mp3 Stream21Richard Milhous Nixon"The Great Silent Majority"mp3 Stream22John Fitzgerald Kennedy"Ich bin ein Berliner"mp3 Stream23Clarence Seward Darrow"Mercy for Leopold and Loeb"24Russell H. Conwell"Acres of Diamonds"mp3 Stream25Ronald Wilson Reagan"A Time for Choosing"mp3Streamw26Huey Pierce Long"Every Man a King"27Anna Howard Shaw"The Fundamental Principle of a Republic"28Franklin Delano Roosevelt"The Arsenal of Democracy"mp3 Stream29Ronald Wilson Reagan"The Evil Empire"mp3 Stream30Ronald Wilson ReaganFirst Inaugural Addressmp3Stream31Franklin Delano RooseveltFirst Fireside Chatmp3 Stream32Harry S. Truman"The Truman Doctrine"mp3 Stream33William Cuthbert FaulknerNobel Prize Acceptance Speechmp3Stream34Eugene Victor Debs1918 Statement to the Court35Hillary Rodham Clinton"Women's Rights are Human Rights"36Dwight David Eisenhower"Atoms for Peace"mp3 Stream37John FitzgeraldKennedyAmerican University Commencement Addressmp338Dorothy Ann Willis Richards1988 DNC Keynote Addressmp339Richard Milhous NixonResignation Speechmp340Woodrow ThomasWilson"The Fourteen Points"41Margaret Chase Smith"Declaration of Conscience"42Franklin Delano Roosevelt"The Four Freedoms"mp343Martin Luther King, Jr."A Time to Break Silence"mp344Mary Church Terrell"What it Means to be Colored in the...U.S."45William Jennings Bryan"AgainstImperialism"Real Audio Stream46Margaret Higgins Sanger"The Morality of Birth Control"47Barbara Pierce Bush1990 Wellesley College Commencement Addressmp348John Fitzgerald KennedyCivil Rights Addressmp349John Fitzgerald KennedyCuban Missile Crisis Addressmp350Spiro Theodore Agnew"Television News Coverage"mp3 w51Jesse Louis Jackson1988 DNC Addressmp3.1mp3.252Mary Fisher"A Whisper of AIDS"mp353Lyndon Baines Johnson"The Great Society"mp3 Stream54George Catlett Marshall"The Marshall Plan"mp355Edward Moore Kennedy"Truth and Tolerance in America"mp356Adlai Ewing StevensonPresidential Nomination AcceptanceAddress57Anna Eleanor Roosevelt"The Struggle for Human Rights"58Geraldine AnneFerraroVice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speechmp359Robert Marion La Follette"FreeSpeech in Wartime"60Ronald Wilson Reagan40th Anniversary of D-Day Addressmp361Mario Mathew Cuomo"Religious Belief and Public Morality"62Edward MooreKennedy"Chappaquiddick"mp363John Llewellyn Lewis"The Rights ofLabor"64Barry Morris GoldwaterPresidential Nomination AcceptanceAddressmp365Stokely Carmichael"BlackPower"66Hubert Horatio Humphrey1948 DNC Address67Emma GoldmanAddress to the Jury68Carrie Chapman Catt"The Crisis"69Newton Norman Minow"Television and the Public Interest"Real Audio Stream70Edward Moore KennedyEulogy for Robert Francis Kennedymp3 Stream71Anita Faye HillStatement to the Senate Judiciary Committeemp372Woodrow Thomas WilsonLeague of Nations Final Address73Hey Louis ("Lou") GehrigFarewell to Baseball Addressmp374Richard Milhous NixonCambodian Incursion Addressmp375CarrieChapman CattAddress to the U.S.Congresssw76Edward Moore Kennedy1980 DNC Addressmp377Lyndon Baines JohnsonOn Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Electionmp378Franklin Delano RooseveltCommonwealth ClubAddress79Woodrow Thomas WilsonFirst Inaugural Address80Mario Savio"An End toHistory"81Elizabeth Glaser1992 DNC Addressmp382Eugene Victor Debs"The Issue"83Margaret Higgins Sanger"The Children's Era"84Ursula Le Guin"A Left-Handed CommencementAddress"85Crystal Eastman"Now We Can Begin"86Huey Pierce Long"Share Our Wealth"87Gerald Rudolph FordAddress on Taking the Oath of Officemp388Cesar Estrada ChavezSpeech on Ending His 25 Day Fast 89Elizabeth Gurley FlynnStatement at the Smith Act Trial90Jimmy Earl Carter"A Crisis of Confidence"mp391Malcolm X"Message to the Grassroots"mp392William Jefferson ClintonOklahoma Bombing Memorial Addressmp393Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm"For the Equal RightsAmendment"94Ronald Wilson ReaganBrandenburg Gate Addressmp395Eliezer ("Elie") Wiesel"The Perils of Indifference"mp396Gerald Rudolph FordNational Address Pardoning Richard M.Nixonmp397Woodrow Thomas Wilson"For the League of Nations"98Lyndon Baines Johnson"Let Us Continue"mp399Joseph N. Welch"Have You No Sense of Decency"mp3100Anna EleanorRooseveltAdopting the Declaration of Human Rightsmp3From：/wzylc/ /df888/ /slpylc/ /wlxe/ /yfgj/篇三：经典英文演讲100篇13Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Articles of Impeachment"If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United Stateswill not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th century paper shredder." Mr. Chairman, I join my colleague Mr. Rangel in thanking you for giving the junior members of this committee the glorious opportunity of sharing the pain of this inquiry. Mr. Chairman, you are a strong man, and it has not been easy but we have tried as best we can to give you as much assistance as possible.Earlier today, we heard the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States, "We, the people". It's a veryeloquent beginning. But when that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that "We, the people".I felt somehow for many years that George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in "We, the people".Today I am an inquisitor. An hyperbole would not be fictional and would not overstate the solemnness that I feel right now. My faith in the Constitution is whole; it is complete; it is total. And I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction, of the Constitution."Who can so properly be the inquisitors for the nation as therepresentatives of the nation themselves?" (Federalist, no. 65). The subject of its jurisdiction are those offenses which proceed from the misconduct of public men." That is what we are talking about. In other words, the jurisdiction comes from the abuse of violation of some public trust. It is wrong, I suggest, it is a misreading of theConstitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the president should be removed from office. The Constitution doesn't say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the legislature against and upon the encroachments of the executive. The division between the two branches of the legislature, the House and theSenate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other theright to judge, the framers of this Constitution were very astute. They did not make the accusers and the judges the same person.We know the nature of impeachment. We have been talking about it awhile now. "It is chiefly designed for the president and his high ministers" to somehow be called into account. It is designed to"bridle" the executive if he engages in excesses. "It is designed as a method of national inquest into the public men." The framers confined in the congress the power if need be, to remove the president in order to strike a delicate balance between a president swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the executive. The nature of impeachment is a narrowly channeledexception to the separation-of-powers maxim; the federal convention of 1787 said that.The framers limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term "maladministration." "It is to be used onlyfor great misdemeanors," so it was said in the North Carolina ratification convention. And in the Virginia ratificationconvention: "We do not trust our liberty to a particular branch. We need one branch to check the others."The North Carolina ratification convention: "No one need be afraid that officers who commit oppression will pass with immunity.""Prosecutions of impeachments will seldom fail to agitate the passions of the whole community," said Hamilton in the Federalist Papers, no.65. "And to divide it into parties more or less friendly or inimical to the accused." I do not mean political parties in that sense.The drawing of political lines goes to the motivation behindimpeachment; but impeachment must proceed within the confines of the constitutional term "high crimes and misdemeanors." Of theimpeachment process, it was Woodrow Wilson who said that "nothing short of the grossest offenses against the plain law of the land will suffice to givethem speed and effectiveness. Indignation so great as to overgrow partyinterest may secure a conviction; but nothing else can."Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this process for petty reasons. Congress has a lot to do: Appropriation, Tax Reform, Health Insurance, Campaign Finance Reform, Housing,Environmental Protection, Energy Sufficiency, Mass Transportation.Pettiness cannot be allowed to stand in the face of such overwhelming problems. So today we are not being petty. We are trying to be big because the task we have before us is a big one.This morning, in a discussion of the evidence, we were told that the evidence which purports to support the allegations of misuse of the CIA by the President is thin. We are told that that evidence isinsufficient. What that recital of the evidence this morning did notinclude is what the President did know on June the 23rd, 1972. The Presidentdid know that it was Republican money, that it was money from the Committeefor the Re-Election of the President, which was found in the possession of one of the burglars arrested on June the 17th. What the President did know on the 23rd of June was the prior activities of E. Howard Hunt, which included his participation in the break-in of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, whichincluded Howard Hunt's participation in the Dita Beard ITT affair, which includedHoward Hunt's fabrication of cables designed to discredit the Kennedy administration.We were further cautioned today that perhaps these proceedings ought to be delayed because certainly there would be new evidence forthcoming from the president of the United States. There has not even been an obfuscatedindication that this committee would receive any additional materials from the President. The committee subpoena is outstanding, and if the president wantsto supply that material, the committee sits here. The fact is that on yesterday, the Americanpeople waited with great anxiety for eight hours, not knowing whethertheir president would obey an order of the Supreme Court of the United States.At this point, I would like to juxtapose a few of the impeachment criteria with some of actions the President has engaged in.Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginia ratification convention. "If the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter him, he may be impeached."We have heard time and time again that the evidence reflects the payment to defendants of money. The president had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for the 1972 presidential campaign. We know that the president met with Mr. Hey Petersen twenty-seven times to discuss matters related to Watergate and immediately thereafter met with the very persons who were implicated in the information Mr. Petersen was receiving and transmitting to the president. The words are "if the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached."Justice Story: "Impeachment is intended for occasional andextraordinary cases where a superior power acting for the whole people is put into operation to protect their rights and rescue their liberties from violations."We know about the Huston plan. We know about the break-in of the psychiatrist's office. We know that there was absolute completedirection in August 1971 when the president instructed Ehrlichman to "do whatever is necessary." This instruction led to a surreptitious entry into Dr. Fielding's office."Protect their rights." "Rescue their liberties from violation."The South Carolina ratification convention impeachment criteria: those are impeachable "who behave amiss or betray their public trust."Beginning shortly after the Watergate break-in and continuing to the present time, the president has engaged in a series of publicstatements and actions designed to thwart the lawful investigation by government prosecutors. Moreover, the president has made public announcements and assertions bearing on the Watergate case which the evidence will show he knew to be false. These assertions, false assertions, impeachable, those who misbehave. Those who "behave amiss or betray their public trust."James Madison again at the Constitutional Convention: "A president is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution."The Constitution charges the president with the task of taking care thatthe laws be faithfully executed, and yet the president has counseled his aides to commit perjury, willfully disregarded the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, concealed surreptitious entry, attempted to compromise a federal judge while publicly displaying his cooperation with the processes of criminal justice."A president is impeachable if he attempts to subvert theConstitution."If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th centuryConstitution should be abandoned to a 20th century paper shredder.Has the president committed offenses, and planned, and directed, and acquiesced in a course of conduct which the Constitution will not tolerate? That's the question. We know that. We know the question. We should nowforthwith proceed to answer the question. It is reason, and not passion, which must guide our deliberations, guide our debate, and guide our decision.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
英国历史中的女性权益运动
英国历史中的女性权益运动英国历史上的女性权益运动是一个漫长而艰辛的过程，她们为争取性别平等和女性权益做出了重要的贡献。
从19世纪开始，英国妇女开始积极参与社会运动，争取自己的政治和社会权益。
以下是英国历史中几个重要的女性权益运动。
一、妇女教育运动19世纪，女性教育受到严重限制，大多数女孩只能接受基本的家庭教育，缺乏受教育的机会。
然而，女性权益运动者开始倡导妇女教育的重要性，并提出要求改善女性接受教育的机会。
这一运动的重要人物包括迪德洛克夫人（Barbara Bodichon）和杜尔伯女爵夫人（Emily Davies），她们成立了女子学院，为女性提供高等教育的机会。
这个运动推动了英国女性教育的改革，为后来的女性权益运动奠定了基础。
二、妇女选举权运动拥有选举权是争取政治平等的重要一步。
在英国历史上，妇女选举权运动展现了女性为争取平等参政权而进行的抗争。
在19世纪末和20世纪初，女性特别是工人阶级妇女开始要求获得选举权。
著名的女权主义者埃米琳娜·帕克赛德（Emmeline Pankhurst）及其女儿克里斯托贝尔（Christabel）和希尔达（Sylvia）成立了“妇女社会政治联盟”，她们组织大规模的示威和抗议活动，争取妇女选举权。
最终，在1918年，英国政府通过了《1918年妇女选举权法》（Representation of the People Act，1918），给予30岁以上的所有妇女选举权。
三、妇女工会运动妇女工会运动也是英国女性权益运动的重要组成部分。
19世纪末和20世纪初，工人阶级妇女进行了抗争，要求改善工作条件和薪资待遇。
例如，有名的布朗文（Annie Besant）领导了女性在工会运动中的参与，并推动了一系列改革措施，改善了妇女的劳动条件。
妇女工会运动对提高女性的社会地位和争取平等权益起到了重要的作用。
四、妇女组织和女性主义在英国历史中，各种妇女组织和女性主义团体也发挥了重要作用。
E时代大学英语——视听说教程3- Unit 1
Part II In-Class Listening
Now you will hear five short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four possible choices.
Part II In-Class Listening
Now you will hear five short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question. Listen carefully and choose the best answer from the four possible choices.
Part II In-Class Listening
Understanding a Long Conversation
☆ Vocabulary Band
美国历史上100个伟大演讲
27. Anna Howard Shaw The Fundamental Principle of a Republic
28. Franklin Delano of Democracy
29. Ronald Reagan The Evil Empire
所有的演讲都有其特定的社会历史背景。听演讲能更深刻地了解当时社会环境。当然您首先需要对美国史略知一二。如果您不知道70年代的反战浪潮，也就无法理解何为《沉默的大多数》，不知道“水门事件”，也就不清楚尼克松总统为何突然发布《辞职演说》。本人建议，听演讲的同时翻阅一下相关历史资料，有助于更深刻的理解。
14. Barbara Charline Jordan Statement on the Articles of Impeachment
15. General Douglas MacArthur Farewell Address to Congress
16. Martin Luther King, Jr I've Been to the Mountaintop
约翰·肯尼迪的《总统就职演说》紧随其后坐亚望冠。（我们也许更了解肯尼迪总统遇刺而不是肯尼迪总统本人）在大多数美国人心目中，肯尼迪总统的地位极高。肯尼迪总统正直，睿智，俊俏而有活力，他是一个天生的的领导，有一种使大家都愿意跟随他的神奇魅力。肯尼迪29岁当选参议员，并在其后的总统大选中击败当时已经两任副总统的民主党候选人尼克松，当选为美国史上最年轻的总统。肯尼迪总统努力寻求自由，和平的战后新格局。尽管一上任便遭遇古巴导弹危机和太空危机，肯尼迪总统却能成功地带领美国人走出困境。
08. Ronald Reagan The Space Shuttle Challenger Tragedy Address
100个美国历史上的经典演讲
Rank Speaker Title/Text/MultiMedia 1Martin Luther King, Jr.I Have A Dream2John Fitzgerald Kennedy Inaugural Address3Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address4Franklin Delano Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation5Barbara Charline Jordan1976 DNC Keynote Address6Richard Milhous Nixon Checkers7Malcolm X The Ballot or the Bullet8Ronald Wilson Reagan Shuttle ''Challenger'' Disaster Address 9John Fitzgerald Kennedy Houston Ministerial Association Speech 10Lyndon Baines Johnson We Shall Overcome11Mario Matthew Cuomo1984 DNC Keynote Address12Jesse Louis Jackson1984 DNC Address13Barbara Charline Jordan Statement on the Articles of Impeachment点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本14(General) Douglas MacArthur Farewell Address to Congress15Martin Luther King, Jr.I've Been to the Mountaintop16Theodore Roosevelt The Man with the Muck-rake17Robert Francis Kennedy Remarks on the Assassination of MLK 18Dwight David Eisenhower Farewell Address19Thomas Woodrow Wilson War Message20(General) Douglas MacArthur Duty, Honor, Country21Richard Milhous Nixon The Great Silent Majority22John Fitzgerald Kennedy Ich bin ein Berliner23Clarence Seward Darrow Mercy for Leopold and Loeb24Russell H. Conwell Acres of Diamonds25Ronald Wilson Reagan A Time for Choosing26Huey Pierce Long Every Man a King27Anna Howard Shaw The Fundamental Principle of a Republic点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本28Franklin Delano Roosevelt The Arsenal of Democracy29Ronald Wilson Reagan The Evil Empire30Ronald Wilson Reagan First Inaugural Address31Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Fireside Chat32Harry S. Truman The Truman Doctrine33William Cuthbert Faulkner Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech34Eugene Victor Debs1918 Statement to the Court35Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton Women's Rights are Human Rights36Dwight David Eisenhower Atoms for Peace37John Fitzgerald Kennedy American University Commencement Address 38Dorothy Ann Willis Richards1988 DNC Keynote Address39Richard Milhous Nixon Resignation Speech40Thomas Woodrow Wilson The Fourteen Points41Margaret Chase Smith Declaration of Conscience点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本42Franklin Delano Roosevelt The Four Freedoms43Martin Luther King, Jr. A Time to Break Silence44Mary Church Terrell What it Means to be Colored in the...U.S.45William Jennings Bryan Against Imperialism46Margaret Higgins Sanger The Morality of Birth Control47Barbara Pierce Bush1990 Wellesley College Commencement Address 48John Fitzgerald Kennedy Civil Rights Address49John Fitzgerald Kennedy Cuban Missile Crisis Address50Spiro Theodore Agnew Television News Coverage51Jesse Louis Jackson1988 DNC Address52Mary Fisher A Whisper of AIDS53Lyndon Baines Johnson The Great Society54George Catlett Marshall The Marshall Plan55Edward Moore Kennedy Truth and Tolerance in America点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本56Adlai Ewing Stevenson Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address 57Anna Eleanor Roosevelt The Struggle for Human Rights58Geraldine Anne Ferraro Vice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech 59Robert Marion La Follette Free Speech in Wartime60Ronald Wilson Reagan40th Anniversary of D-Day Address61Mario Matthew Cuomo Religious Belief and Public Morality62Edward Moore Kennedy Chappaquiddick63John Llewellyn Lewis The Rights of Labor64Barry Morris Goldwater Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address 65Stokely Carmichael Black Power66Hubert Horatio Humphrey1948 DNC Address67Emma Goldman Address to the Jury68Carrie Chapman Catt The Crisis69Newton Norman Minow Television and the Public Interest点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本70Edward Moore Kennedy Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy71Anita Faye Hill Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee 72Thomas Woodrow Wilson League of Nations Final Address73Henry Louis (Lou) Gehrig Farewell to Baseball Address74Richard Milhous Nixon Cambodian Incursion Address75Carrie Chapman Catt Address to the U.S. Congress76Edward Moore Kennedy1980 DNC Address77Lyndon Baines Johnson On Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Election78Franklin Delano Roosevelt Commonwealth Club Address79Thomas Woodrow Wilson First Inaugural Address80Mario Savio Sproul Hall Sit-in Speech/An End to History 81Elizabeth Glaser1992 DNC Address82Eugene Victor Debs The Issue83Margaret Higgins Sanger Children's Era点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本84Ursula Kroeber Le Guin A Left-Handed Commencement Address85Crystal Eastman Now We Can Begin86Huey Pierce Long Share Our Wealth87Gerald Rudolph Ford Address on Taking the Oath of Office88Cesar Estrada Chavez Speech on Ending His 25 Day Fast89Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Statement at the Smith Act Trial90Jimmy Earl Carter A Crisis of Confidence91Malcolm X Message to the Grassroots92William Jefferson Clinton Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Address93Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm For the Equal Rights Amendment94Ronald Wilson Reagan Brandenburg Gate Address95Eliezer (Elie) Wiesel The Perils of Indifference96Gerald Rudolph Ford National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon 97Thomas Woodrow Wilson For the League of Nations点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本98Lyndon Baines Johnson Let Us Continue99Joseph N. Welch Have You No Sense of Decency100Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Adopting the Declaration of Human Rights点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本。
女权主义·女性主义·“田园女权”
女权主义·女性主义·“田园女权”作者：姚溪向天渊来源：《重庆社会科学》2021年第03期摘要：“Feminism”传入中国后的译名发生了一系列演变与衍生，其中包括有意或无意的曲解。
从20世纪初至今，大致历经诞生期、争论期、新变期三个阶段，涉及“女权主义”“女性主义”以及污名化概念“田园女权”等译名竞争，是学界和民间性别问题论辩的焦点与疑点。
通过梳理近代以来妇女杂志、妇女学译介著作、社交媒体上的女权话题，“女性主义”一词的流变脉络逐渐清晰，它与其他社会文化因素的互动轨迹被揭示，而女性被动或主动的历史姿态也借由多元译名显现出来。
从译介研究和传播研究的角度解读女权关键词的发展历程，有助于了解名词背后的现实意义，追溯中国女性主义的核心理念。
关键词：女权主义;女性主义;女性主义译介;女权污名化基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中美当代女作家小说中渐变的身体话语所传递的女性主义诉求（1980—2000）”（SWU1909546）[中图分类号] I0-03 [文章编号] 1673-0186（2021）003-0117-012[文献标识码] A [DOI编码] 10.19631/ki.css.2021.003.009在中文语境中进行性别问题的讨论，“女权主义”“女性主义”或“男女平权主义”实属绕不开的话题。
19世纪末，欧美妇女解放运动传入东亚，“Feminism”一词便开始历经全球化发展，通过不断演化、变异、融合，最终呈现为一幅动态图景。
20世纪20年代前后，“Feminism”进入中国学者的视野，在晚清维新运动和“五四”新文化运动中崭露头角。
诸如马君武、金天翮等先行者一方面寻求民族的、反西方霸权的女权主义思想，另一方面又必须承认“Feminism”作为国际词条并非是中国妇女的原生话语。
为了达成“启发明智”的目的，对原意进行转换，这就导致公民身份与女性身份受地缘政治影响而产生含混。
茶花女读后感英语100
茶花女读后感英语100In the realm of literature, few novels have captured the hearts of readers as deeply as "The Lady of the Camellias". Based on the memoirs of Alexandre Dumas fils, this tragic tale of love, loss, and redemption tells the story of Marguerite Gautier, a beautiful courtesan in Paris who falls in love with a young man from a respectable family. As I closed the book, my heart was heavy with the sorrow of Marguerite's fate and the poignancy of her love story.Marguerite's character is complex and multi-faceted, a testament to the author's skill in crafting believable and sympathetic characters. She is both a victim of her circumstances and a woman who makes choices that lead to her tragic ending. Her love for Armand Duval is pure and unyielding, despite the obstacles that society places in their path. His naivety and idealism are a stark contrast to the cynicism and jadedness of the world she inhabits. Their love affair is as beautiful as it is doomed, a tragic dance that ends in heartbreak and death.The themes of social class and morality are explored throughout the novel, making it not just a love story but a commentary on the society of its time. Marguerite's status as a courtesan prevents her from leading a normal life, and her love for Armand is constantly tested by the prejudices and expectations of others. The novel asks the reader to question the role of society in determining one's fate and the morality of love in the face of adversity.The writing style of Alexandre Dumas fils is elegant and captivating, his use of language is both poetic and profound. The descriptions of Parisian life and the inner workings of Marguerite's mind are vivid and engaging, transporting the reader to the world of the novel. The emotional depth and sincerity of the characters' feelings are beautifully captured, making the reader empathize with their joys and sorrows.The ending of the novel is particularly heartbreaking. Marguerite's death is both a release from the pain and suffering she has endured and a tragic reminder of the cruelty of fate. Her final letter to Armand is a poignant testament to her love for him and her desire for him tofind happiness. The closing lines of the novel leave the reader with a sense of unresolved sadness, a reminder that love can be both beautiful and devastating.In conclusion, "The Lady of the Camellias" is a timeless novel that transcends the boundaries of culture and era. It is a powerful tale of love, loss, and redemption that speaks to the human heart in a way that is both profound and universal. The characters, themes, and writing style are all executed with remarkable skill and sensitivity, making this novel a must-read for anyone who loves a story that captures the essence of love and human nature.**《茶花女》读后感**在文学的世界里，很少有小说能像《茶花女》那样深深打动读者的心。
英语演讲46
Margaret Sanger: "The Morality of Birth Control"delivered 18 November 1921, Park Theatre, NY after the suppression by the New York Police of the Town Hall Meeting, Sunday Evening, November 13thThe meeting tonight is a postponement of one which was to have taken place at the Town Hall last Sunday evening. It was to be a culmination of a three day conference, two of which were held at the Hotel Plaza, in discussing the Birth Control subject in its various and manifold aspects.The one issue upon which there seems to be most uncertainty and disagreement exists in the moral side of the subject of Birth Control. It seemed only natural for us to call together scientists, educators, members of the medical profession and the theologians of all denominations to ask their opinion upon this uncertain and important phase of the controversy. Letters were sent to the most eminent men and women in the world. We asked in this letter, the following questions:1. Is over-population a menace to the peace of the world?2. Would the legal dissemination of scientific Birth Controlinformation through the medium of clinics by the medicalprofession be the most logical method of checking the problem ofover-population?3. Would knowledge of Birth Control change the moral attitude of men andwomen toward the marriage bond or lower the moral standards of the youth ofthe country?4. Do you believe that knowledge which enables parents to limit the familieswill make for human happiness, and raise the moral, social and intellectualstandards of population?We sent such a letter not only to those who, we thought, might agree with us, but we sent it also to our known opponents. Most of these people answered. Every one who answered did so with sincerity and courtesy, with the exception of one group whose reply to this important question as demonstrated at the Town Hall last Sunday evening was a disgrace to liberty-loving people, and to all traditions we hold dear in the United States. I believed that the discussion of the moral issue was one which did not solely belong to theologians and to scientists, but belonged to the people. And because I believed that the people of this country may and can discuss this subject with dignity and with intelligence I desired to bring them together, and to discuss it in the open.When one speaks of moral, one refers to human conduct. This implies action of many kinds, which in turn depends upon the mind and the brain. So that in speaking of morals one mustremember that there is a direct connection between morality and brain development. Conduct is said to be action in pursuit of ends, and if this is so, then we must hold the irresponsibility and recklessness in our action is immoral, while responsibility and forethought put into action for the benefit of the individual and the race becomes in the highest sense the finest kind of morality.We know that every advance that woman has made in the last half century has been made with opposition, all of which has been based upon the grounds of immorality. When women fought for higher education, it was said that this would cause her to become immoral and she would lose her place in the sanctity of the home. When women asked for the franchise it was said that this would lower her standard of morals, that it was not fit that she should meet with and mix with the members of the opposite sex, but we notice that there was no objection to her meeting with the same members of the opposite sex when she went to church.The church has ever opposed the progress of woman on the ground that her freedom would lead to immorality. We ask the church to have more confidence in women. We ask the opponents of this movement to reverse the methods of the church, which aims to keep women moral by keeping them in fear and in ignorance, and to inculcate into them a higher and truer morality based upon knowledge. And ours is the morality of knowledge. If we cannot trust woman with the knowledge of her own body, then I claim that two thousand years of Christian teaching has proved to be a failure.We stand on the principle that Birth Control should be available to every adult man and woman. We believe that every adult man and woman should be taught the responsibility and the right use of knowledge. We claim that woman should have the right over her own body and to say if she shall or if she shall not be a mother, as she sees fit. We further claim that the first right of a child is to be desired. While the second right is that it should be conceived in love, and the third, that it should have a heritage of sound health.Upon these principles the Birth Control movement in America stands. When it comes to discussing the methods of Birth Control, that is far more difficult. There are laws in this country which forbid the imparting of practical information to the mothers of the land. We claim that every mother in this country, either sick or well, has the right to the best, the safest, the most scientific information. This information should be disseminated directly to the mothers through clinics by members of the medical profession, registered nurses and registered midwives.Our first step is to have the backing of the medical profession so that our laws may be changed, so that motherhood may be the function of dignity and choice, rather than one of ignorance and chance. Conscious control of offspring is now becoming the ideal and the custom in all civilized countries. Those who oppose it claim that however desirable it may be on economic or social grounds, it may be abused and the morals of the youth of the country may be lowered. Such people should be reminded that there are two points to be considered. First, that such control is the inevitable advance in civilization. Every civilization involves an increasing forethought for others, even for those yet unborn. Thereckless abandonment of the impulse of the moment and the careless regard for the consequences, is not morality. The selfish gratification of temporary desire at the expense of suffering to lives that will come may seem very beautiful to some, but it is not our conception of civilization, or is it our concept of morality.In the second place, it is not only inevitable, but it is right to control the size of the family for by this control and adjustment we can raise the level and the standards of the human race. While Nature’s way of reducing her numbers is controlled by disease, famine and war, primitive man has achieved the same results by infanticide, exposure of infants, the abandonment of children, and by abortion. But such ways of controlling population is no longer possible for us. We have attained high standards of life, and along the lines of science must we conduct such control. We must begin farther back and control the beginnings of life. We must control conception. This is a better method, it is a more civilized method, for it involves not only greater forethought for others, but finally a higher sanction for the value of life itself.Society is divided into three groups. Those intelligent and wealthy members of the upper classes who have obtained knowledge of Birth Control and exercise it in regulating the size of their families. They have already benefited by this knowledge, and are today considered the most respectable and moral members of the community. They have only children when they desire, and all society points to them as types that should perpetuate their kind.The second group is equally intelligent and responsible. They desire to control the size of their families, but are unable to obtain knowledge or to put such available knowledge into practice.The third are those irresponsible and reckless ones having little regard for the consequence of their acts, or whose religious scruples prevent their exercising control over their numbers. Many of this group are diseased, feeble-minded, and are of the pauper element dependent entirely upon the normal and fit members of society for their support. There is no doubt in the minds of all thinking people that the procreation of this group should be stopped. For if they are not able to support and care for themselves, they should certainly not be allowed to bring offspring into this world for others to look after. We do not believe that filling the earth with misery, poverty and disease is moral. And it is our desire and intention to carry on our crusade until the perpetuation of such conditions has ceased.We desire to stop at its source the disease, poverty and feeble-mindedness and insanity which exist today, for these lower the standards of civilization and make for race deterioration. We know that the masses of people are growing wiser and are using their own minds to decide their individual conduct. The more people of this kind we have, the less immorality shall exist. For the more responsible people grow, the higher do they and shall they attain real morality.。
GRE填空练习：女权主义者的反思
【导语】成功=时间+⽅法，⾃制⼒是这个等式的保障。
世上⽆天才，⾼⼿都是来⾃刻苦的练习。
⽽⼤家往往只看到“⽜⼈”闪耀的成绩，忽视其成绩背后⽆⽐寂寞的勤奋。
以下为“GRE填空练习：⼥权主义者的反思”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！ 1. The astronomer and feminist Maria Mitchell's own prodigious activity andthe vigor of the Association for the Advancement of Women during the 1870's________ any assertion that feminism was ________ in that period. (A) exclude...thriving (B) contradict...prospering (C) pervade...remote (D) buttress...dormant (E) belie...quiescent 分析：空格 1 填⼊⼀个动词，表⽰"⼥权主义者 Maria Mitchell ⾃⼰活跃(feminist Maria Mitchell's ownprodigiousactivityand the vigor of …)"对于"论断(assertion)"做的动作;空格 2填⼊⼀个形容词，修饰"⼥权主义(feminism)"，同时这是对 assertion 进⾏阐述的同位语从句。
所以，如果空格 2 填⼊正评价，空格 1也应该是正动作;否则，空格 2 是负评价，空格 1 也是负动作。
A 排除，兴旺的，繁盛的;B 驳斥，否认，兴盛的;C 遍及，遥远的;D⽀持，静⽌的，休眠的;E 与，⽭盾，背道⽽驰，静⽌的，不活动的。
E 选项正确。
玛格丽特奈特的英语阅读理解
玛格丽特奈特的英语阅读理解Margaret Bourke white is one of the top journalists in the 20th century. But she doesn't write news. She told her story with a camera. Margaret Bourke white began her career as an industrial photographer in the early 1930s. In 1936, she accepted the invitation of the American publisher Henry Luce to go to his magazine life, and later to another magazine fortune.In the 1930s, Margaret Burke white met with USkin Caldwell, an American writer. They decided to write a book about the people of poor countries in the south. They traveled eight states. Their book "you see their faces" was published in 1937. This is a great success.In 1938, some European countries were on the brink of war. Margaret Burke white and Caldwell went there to report on these events. The next year they got married.During the Second World War, she became an official photographer of the United States Army. Her photos will be used jointly by the military and life magazine. She was the first woman allowed to work in the front line during the Second World WarAfter the war, she went to India and took a picture of the famous Mohandas Gandhi, named Gandhi on the spinning wheel. She was the last person to photograph Gandhi before he was murdered in 1948.Margaret Bourke white is often dissatisfied with what she has done. She will look at her photos and see what she has done badly or wrong. It's not easy to be perfect. Many things hindered her work. She said, "in a moment, a picture was there. After a while, it disappeared forever. My memory is full of those lost pictures."Margaret Burke white.A、Good news writingB、Report the news by taking photosC、Follow industry news as a reporterD、Her career began with working for fortune(2)Margaret Burke white married Erskine Caldwell.A、1936B、1937C、1938D、1939(3)It can be inferred from this article that in the Second World WarA、Before Margaret Burke white, women were not allowed to enter the front lineB、Margaret Burke White gave up her job at life magazineC、Margaret Burke White became the only official photographer in the U.S. ArmyD、Margaret Burke White was murdered after filming Gandhi(4)From the last paragraph, we can know Margaret Burke white________A、I didn't expect the business here to be successfulB、Regret becoming a photographeC、Always try to make her photos perfectD、Proud of her contribution to photography。
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clinics by the medical profession be the most logical method of checking the problem of over population
3
Would knowledge of Birth Control change the moral attitude of men and women toward the marriage bond or lower the moral standards of the youth of the country
together and to discuss it in the open
When one speaks of moral one refers to human conduct This implies action of many kinds which in t depends upon the mind and the brain So that in speaking of morals one must remember that there is direct connection between morality and brain development Conduct is said to be action in pursuit of en and if this is so then we must hold the irresponsibility and recklessness in our action is immoral while responsibility and forethought put into action for tthe race becomes in t
Margaret Sanger
"The Morality of Birth Control
delivered 18 November 1921 Park Theatre NY
About Family Planning
Essential Women s Health Info from Trusted Sources Free Registration
The one issue upon which there seems to be most uncertainty and disagreement exists in the moral si of the subject of Birth Control It seemed only natural for us to call together scientists educators members of the medical profession and the theologians of all denominations to ask their opinion upon uncertain and important phase of the controversy Letters were sent to the most eminent men and wom in the world We asked in this letter the following questions
We sent such a letter not only to those who we thought might agree with us but we sent it also to our known opponents Most of these people answered Every one who answered did so with sincerity an courtesy with the exception of one group whose reply to this important question as demonstrated at the Town Hall last Sunday evening was a disgrace to liberty loving people and to all traditions we hold dea the United States I believed that the discussion of the moral issue was one which did not solely belon theologians and to scientists but belonged to the people And because I believed that the people of th country may and can discuss this subject with dignity and with intelligence I desired to bring them
4
Do you believe that knowledge which enables parents to limit the families will make for human happiness and raise the moral social and intellectual standards of population
she went to church
The church has ever opposed the progress of woman on the ground that her freedom would lead to immorality We ask the church to have more confidence in women We ask the opponents of this movement to reverse the methods of the church which aims to keep women moral by keeping them in fear and in ignorance and to inculcate into them a higher and truer morality based upon knowledge A ours is the morality of knowledge If we cannot trust woman with the knowledge of her own body then
1
Is over population a menace to the peace of the world
2
Would the legal dissemination of scientific Birth Control information through the medium of
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The meeting tonight is a postponement of one which was to have taken place at the Town Hall last Sunday evening It was to be a culmination of a three day conference two of which were held at the H Plaza in discussing the Birth Control subject in its various and manifold aspects
Upon these principles the Birth Control movement in America stands When it comes to discussing the methods of Birth Control that is far more difficult There are laws in this country which forbid the impa of practical information to the mothers of the land We claim that every mother in this country either s or well has the right to the best the safest the most scientific information This information should be disseminated directly to the mothers through clinics by members of the medical profession registered nurses and registered midwives
highest sense the finest kind of morality
We know that every advance that woman has made in the last half century has been made with opposition all of which has been based upon the grounds of immorality When women fought for high education it was said that this would cause her to become immoral and she would lose her place in the sanctity of the home When women asked for the franchise it was said that this would lower her standa of morals that it was not fit that she should meet with and mix with the members of the opposite sex bu we notice that there was no objection to her meeting with the same members of the opposite sex when