河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考(10月)理综化学试题Word版含答案
河南省郑州市第一中学2022-2023学年英语高三第一学期期末复习检测模拟试题含解析
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第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.—Do you know why the teacher asks for me?—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.A.account for B.call forC.send for D.reach for2.— I wonder what chance there is of me passing by the old places without thinking of you.— ______. Time cures all wounds.A.My pleasure B.Don’t mention it C.I can’t agree m ore D.Never mind 3.Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees.A.where B.from whereC.which D.from which4.—I am wondering ________ makes you study so hard?—To go to my dream university.A.what is it that B.that is whatC.what is that D.what it is that5.Doris Lessing,an author who has had a fascinating life,lived in Iran _______ she was five before moving to Zimbabwe.A.unless B.sinceC.until D.after6.At the back of the old temple __________ twelve huge stone statues together with__________ pagoda.A.does stand; a 8-storeyed B.do stand; a 8- storyC.stands; an 8-storey D.stand; an 8- storied7.—Jenny, how was your trip to Beijing?—Oh, I missed it. I wish I ________ my vacation there.A.am spending B.will spend C.have spent D.had spent8.Look! Here’ s a photo ______ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognizeme in it?A.taken B.takingC.to take D.being taken9.Tom’s score on the test is the highest in the c lass. He _____.A.should study last nightB.should have studied last nightC.must have studied last nightD.must study last night10.—What did you say you were reluctant to risk just now?—_________ to high levels of radiation.A.Being exposed B.Having been exposedC.To be exposed D.Exposed11.— Someone wants you on the phone.— ________ nobody knows I am here.A.Although B.AndC.So D.But12.The little girl ________ a foreign language fairly quickly.A.picked up B.got up C.stepped up D.made up13.Right now, lots of people search for products on the Internet but still buy them at stores. Internet shopping will really ____ when people are sure that it is safe.A.set up B.set off C.take off D.take up14.It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so many innocent people.A.are blamed B.was to blame C.was blamed D.were to blame 15.———It was a green dinner. _______———Thanks. But it really only took an hour.A.You must be tired. B.I enjoyed it very much.C.You must have spent all day cooking. D.I have never had it before.16.They went to the street to ________ to the whole city to help the poor boy. A.apply B.appealC.add D.reply17.“ ________ I went through ups and downs in life,” Gordon said, “I never found the imp ortance of being selfdisciplined as well as the significance of life.”A.If B.SinceC.Until D.Unless18.I certainly expect to be elected best student of the year. It’s really ________! A.a good Samaritan B.a wet blanketC.a feather in my cap D.a piece of cake19.World Food Day is held each year to underline the progress that ________ against hunger and that still needs to be made.A.is made B.was madeC.has been made D.will be made20.Nowadays, the Internet is a popular ________ for the public to access information and voice their opinions.A.track B.trendC.channel D.lane第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二下学期期中考试生物试题
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二下学期期中考试生物试题1.据国家卫健委数据显示,2023年9月-11月,支原体肺炎在我国发病率有所上升,尤其是在部分南方地区上升明显。
支原体肺炎是由肺炎支原体感染、呼吸道感染所引起肺部炎症的一种传染病,支原体是介乎于病毒和细菌间的一种病原体。
下列叙述正确的是()A.支原体的遗传物质主要分布在染色体上B.支原体的核酸经彻底水解后,可产生8种产物C.阿奇霉素能够有效抑制支原体细胞壁的形成,从而抑制其生长和繁殖,从而快速减轻病情并缩短疾病的持续D.支原体虽没有细胞结构,却能独立完成各项生命活动2.细胞和生物体的各种生命活动都有其物质基础,下列关于元素与化合物叙述正确的是()A.细胞中的各种元素、无机盐大多数分别以化合物、离子的形式存在B.碳是生物体内最基本的元素,其原因是碳元素在细胞干重中含量第一C.细胞中的糖类都是主要的能源物质,脂质都是良好的储能物质D.多糖、蛋白质、核酸彻底水解产物分别为葡萄糖、氨基酸和核苷酸3.阿胶被称为“中药三宝”之一,是利用驴皮为主要原材料熬制而成,因含有大量的胶原蛋白呈暗红的凝胶状,对于贫血、营养不良等有明显的疗效,下列有关分析正确的是()A.驴胶能用于治疗贫血症状是因为驴胶中含有Fe、Zn、Ca等微量元素B.驴胶能用于治疗营养不良症状是因为驴胶能为人体提供多种非必需氨基酸C.高温能破坏蛋白质的肽键,会使阿胶蛋白失去其营养价值D.驴皮细胞内的某种蛋白质含有n条肽链,由m个氨基酸参与合成,则该蛋白质至少含有m+n个氧原子4.经常饮用奶茶容易导致人体肥胖、神经过敏、早衰、糖尿病等危害,这些危害与奶茶中所含成分有很大关系。
某生物兴趣小组从某著名品牌的奶茶店买回一杯无色奶茶,欲对其相关成分进行鉴定。
下列相关叙述错误的是()A.可用碘液检测是否含淀粉,若呈蓝色,则奶茶中含淀粉B.用双缩脲试剂检测是否含蛋白质,应先加A液,再加B液C.用苏丹Ⅲ染液检测是否含脂肪,若呈橘黄色,则说明奶茶中含有脂肪D.若奶茶中含还原糖,用斐林试剂检测时,混匀后可观察到奶茶由无色变成砖红色5.油炸臭豆腐是一种风味小吃,制作时需要将豆腐浸入含有乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌等微生物的卤汁中发酵,相关叙述错误的是()A.卤汁中的乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌存在竞争关系B.乳酸菌发酵产生了乳酸和二氧化碳,需定期排气C.微生物发酵产生不同的代谢物使得臭豆腐具有独特的味道D.制作臭豆腐时,豆腐相当于微生物生长的培养基6.如下是利用微生物制作果酒、果醋的流程示意图,下列相关叙述正确的是()A.挑选葡萄时,去除腐烂的籽粒和枝梗后再冲洗B.果酒制作时,将葡萄汁装入发酵瓶时,要留有大约2/3的空间,有利于增加酵母菌数量C.为提高果酒的品质,可在果汁中加入人工培养的菌种D.制作果醋时,利用了醋酸菌在无氧条件下产生了乙酸7.某种物质S(一种含有C、H、N的有机物)难以降解,会对环境造成污染,只有某些细菌能降解S。
河南省郑州市第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期期中考试数学(理)试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年河南省郑州市第一中学高二下学期期中考试数学(理)试题一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.用反证法证明命题55整除”时,其反设正确的是()A. 5整除B. 5整除C. 5整除5整除【答案】C【解析】【分析】5整除的否定即可.55整除,选C.【点睛】本题考查反证法,考查基本分析判断能力,属基础题.2.)A. B. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】,,对应点为 B.【点睛】本题考查复数代数形式以及复数几何意义,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.3.)A. B. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】先求导数,再根据导数几何意义得结果.D.【点睛】本题考查导数几何意义,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.4.a、b、c S,内切圆半径为r可知,四面体S−ABC的四个面的面积分别为S1、S2、S3、S4,内切球半径为R,四面体S−ABC的体积为V,则R等于C.【答案】C【解析】解:设四面体的内切球的球心为O,则球心O到四个面的距离都是R,所以四面体的体积等于以O为顶点,分别以四个面为底面的4个三棱锥体积的和.则四面体的体积为R=B5.)A. 60B. 64C. 160D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】根据二项展开式通项公式求特定项系数.,因此含项的系数为 A.【点睛】本题考查二项展开式通项公式,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.6.高二年级的三个班去甲、乙、丙、丁四个工厂参加社会实践,但去哪个工厂可以自由选择,甲工厂必须有班级要去,则不同的分配方案有()A. B. 37种 C. 18种 D. 16种【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据间接法求解甲工厂没有班级去的方法数即可.【详解】高二年级的B.【点睛】本题考查排列组合,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题. 7.的模等于()A. B. D. 2【答案】D【解析】【分析】.,所以 D.【点睛】本题考查纯虚数以及复数的模,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.8.停车场划出一排9个停车位置,今有5辆不同的车需要停放,若要求剩余的4个空车位连在一起,则不同的停车方法有()A. B. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】剩余的4个空车位看作一个元素,由相邻问题用捆绑法求排列数.【详解】剩余的4个空车位看作一个元素,则不同的停车方法有 D. 【点睛】本题考查排列组合,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.9.()A. B. D. 【答案】A【解析】【分析】.得,所以A,【点睛】本题考查利用定积分求面积,考查基本分析求解能力,属基础题.10.)A. B. C. D. 【答案】B【解析】【分析】.,选B.【点睛】本题考查函数极值,考查等价转化思想方法与基本求解能力,属中档题.11.在二项式则有理项不相邻的概率为()A. B. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】.有理项不相邻有种方法,因此所求概率为选A.【点睛】本题考查二项式定理以及古典概型概率,考查综合分析求解能力,属中档题.12.,则称函数.已知函数是区间上的双中值函数,则实数)A. B. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】转化为函数有两个零点问题,再根据二次函数图象可得不等式,即得结果.或C.【点睛】本题考查函数零点,考查综合分析求解能力,属中档题二、填空题: 本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.袋中有3个白球2个黑球共5个小球,现从袋中每次取一个小球,每个小球被抽到的可能性均相同,不放回地抽取两次,则在第一次取到黑球的条件下,第二次仍取到黑球的概率是________.【解析】 试题分析:记事件A 为“第一次取到白球”,事件B 为“第二次取到白球”,则事件AB 为“两次都取到白球”,考点:条件概率与独立事件. 点评:本题考查条件概率,是高中阶段见到的比较少的一种题目,针对于这道题同学们要好好分析,再用事件数表示的概率公式做一遍,有助于理解本题.14.【解析】 【分析】根据正态分布对称性求解. 【点睛】本题考查正态分布,考查综合分析求解能力,属中档题15.________.【解析】【分析】.,增,时,【点睛】本题考查利用导数研究函数单调性以及利用导数解决不等式恒成立问题,考查综合分析求解能力,属中档题16.________.【答案】【解析】【分析】利用导数求函数最值.【详解】因,对应值为时,,对应值为,【点睛】本题考查利用导数求函数最值,考查综合分析求解能力,属中档题三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分. 解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.【答案】(Ⅰ)【解析】【分析】(Ⅰ)根据复数相等列方程组,(Ⅱ)先化复数为代数形式,再根据复数为实数列式,解得实数值.【详解】解:,即为所求.【点睛】本题考查复数相等以及复数概念,考查基本分析求解能力,属中档题18.的通项公式;【答案】【解析】【分析】(Ⅰ)根据递推关系逐一代入求解,再根据规律归纳,(Ⅱ)根据和项与通项关系得递推关系式,再利用求根公式解得相邻项关系,最后根据数学归纳法证明.【详解】解:,解得.时,由(Ⅰ)可知成立,所以当时猜想也成立.【点睛】本题考查数学归纳法求与证数列通项公式,考查基本分析求解能力,属中档题19.(2013•重庆)设f(x)=a(x﹣5)2+6lnx,其中a∈R,曲线y=f(x)在点(1,f(1))处的切线与y轴相交于点(0,6).(1)确定a的值;(2)求函数f(x)的单调区间与极值.【答案】(1)(2)见解析【解析】试题分析:(1(2的单调性可知是极大值点还是极小值点.试题解析:(1,得(2)由(1),.令,解得,.考点:导数的几何意义,用导数研究函数的单调性与极值.【名师点睛】导数的几何意义是切点处切线的斜率,应用时主要体现在以下几个方面(1)已知切点A(x0,f(x0))求斜率k,即求该点处的导数值:k=f′(x0);(2)已知斜率k,求切点A(x1,f(x1)),即解方程f′(x1)=k;(3)已知过某点M(x1,f(x1))(不是切点)的切线斜率为k时,常需设出切点A(x0,f(x0)),利用k20..(Ⅰ)假设这名射手射击3次,求至少1次击中目标的概率;(Ⅱ)假设这名射手射击3次,每次击中目标得10分,未击中目标得0分.在3次射击中,若有2次连续3次全部击中,则额外加10分.手射击3次后的总得分,求.【答案】(I(II 的分布列是【解析】试题分析:解:⑴3,所以所求概率为.⑵的所有可能取值为“”,,,.考点:n次独立重复试验中恰好发生k次的概率;离散型随机变量的期望与方差.点评:本题主要考查n次独立重复实验中恰好发生k次的概率,离散型随机变量的数学期望的求法,属于中档题.21.某分公司经销某种品牌产品,每件产品的成本为30然对数的底数)万件.已知每件产品的售价为40元时,该产品一年的销售量为500万件.经物价部门核定每35元,最高不超过41元.【答案】(1) L(x)= 500(x-30-a)e40-x(35≤x≤41);(2) 当2≤a≤4时,每件产品的售价为35元,该产品一年的利润L(x)最大,最大为500(5-a)e5万元;当4<a≤5时,每件产品的售价为(31+a)元时,该产品一年的利润L(x)最大,最大为500e9-a万元.【解析】试题分析:(1)先根据条件求出k,再根据利润等于销售量乘以单个利润得函数解析式,最后交代定义域(2)先求导数,再求导函数零点,根据零点与定义区间关系分类讨论,确定导函数符号,进而确定最大值试题解析:(1)由题意,该产品一年的销售量为y=.将x=40,y=500代入,得k=500e40.故该产品一年的销售量y(万件)关于x(元)的函数关系式为y=500e40-x.所以L(x)=(x-30-a)y=500(x-30-a)e40-x(35≤x≤41).(2)由(1)得,L′(x)=500[e40-x-(x-30-a)e40-x]=500e40-x(31+a-x).①当2≤a≤4时,L′(x)≤500e40-x(31+4-35)=0,当且仅当a=4,x=35时取等号.所以L(x)在[35,41]上单调递减.因此,L(x)max=L(35)=500(5-a)e5.②当4<a≤5时,L′(x)>0⇔35≤x<31+a,L′(x)<0⇔31+a<x≤41.所以L(x)在[35,31+a)上单调递增,在[31+a,41]上单调递减.因此,L(x)max=L(31+a)=500e9-a.综上所述当2≤a≤4时,每件产品的售价为35元,该产品一年的利润L(x)最大,最大为500(5-a)e5万元;当4<a≤5时,每件产品的售价为(31+a)元时,该产品一年的利润L(x)最大,最大为500e9-a万元.22.【答案】(1)函数的递增区间为,函数的递减区间为23)见解析.【解析】试题分析:(1(2)由(1上是增函数,由(1)可;(3)由(2)知,,,进而换元可得即可得证.试题解析:(1在上单调递增时,在上单调递增;(2)由(1)知,时,不可能成立;(3)由(2.点睛:(1)导数综合题中对于含有字母参数的问题,一般用到分类讨论的方法,解题时要注意分类要不重不漏;(2)对于恒成立的问题,直接转化为求函数的最值即可;(3)对于导数中,数列不等式的证明,解题时常常用到前面的结论,需要根据题目的特点构造合适的不等式,然后转化成数列的问题解决,解题时往往用到数列的求和.。
河南省郑州市第一中学2018_2019学年高二英语上学期入学测试试题
河南省郑州市第一中学2018-2019学年高二英语上学期入学测试试题完形填空(每题1.5分)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has(1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place---- a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) whichsystem to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs".Still, the administration's plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud theapproach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.(1) A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden(2) A.for B.within C.while D.though(3) A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless(4) A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal(5) A . information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent(6) A. by B. into C. from D. over(7) A. linked B. directed C. chained D. compared(8) A. dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve(9) A. recall B. suggest C. select D. realize(10)A. released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered(11)A. carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in(12) A. In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In cintrast(13) A. trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing(14) A. caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience(15) A. on B. after C. beyond D. across(16) A. divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united(17) A. frequently B. incidentally C. occassionally D. eventually(18) A. skepticism B. tolerence C. indifference D. enthusiasm(19) A. manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible(20) A. invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
河南省郑州市2018届高中毕业班第一次质量检测(模拟)化学试题+Word版含答案
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页,第Ⅱ卷4至8页,考试时间90分钟,满分100分。
考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息,然后在答题卡上作答,在试题卷上作答无效。
交卷时只交答题卡。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Na-23 Cr-52第Ⅰ卷(选择题共45分)(本题包括15小题,每小题3分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.“天更蓝、山更绿、水更清、环境更优美”是我们的共同愿望。
下列说法不正确的是A.PM2.5是指粒径不大于2.5µm的可吸入悬浮颗粒物B.煤经过气化和液化等物理变化可转化为清洁能源C.开展植树造林、增加植被面积,可吸收大量CO2D.生活污水直接排放,可引起水体富营养化2.NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A.标准状况下,2.24LC6H14中所含碳碳单键数目为0.5NAB.25℃时,1L 0.1mol·L-1CH3COOH溶液中所含的H+数目为0.1 NAC.常温常压下,1.4 g N2 与CO 的混合气体中所含原子总数为0.1 NAD.50 mL12 mol·L-1的浓盐酸与足量MnO2 反应,转移的电子数为0.3 NA3.下列有关有机化合物的叙述正确的是A.分子式为C2H6O 的有机物具有相同的化学性质B.分子式为C8H10的芳香烃共有3 种C.在水中的溶解度:甲酸甲酯<乙酸D.可以用酸性高锰酸钾溶液除去甲烷中的乙烯4.下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A.用石墨电极电解MgCl2 溶液:Mg2++2Cl-+2H2O Mg(OH)2↓+Cl2↑+H2↑B.向明矾溶液中滴加碳酸钠溶液:2Al3++3CO32-=Al2(CO3)3↓C.向Ca(HCO3)2 溶液中滴加少量NaOH 溶液:Ca2++2HCO3-+2OH-=CaCO3↓+CO32-+2H2OD.向Fe(NO3)3溶液中加入过量的HI 溶液:2NO3-+8H++6I-=3I2+2NO↑+4H2O5.下列能量转化过程与氧化还原反应无关的是A.电解质溶液导电时,电能转化成化学能B.锂离子电池工作时,化学能转化成电能C 硅太阳能电池工作时,光能转化成电能D.葡萄糖为人类生命活动提供能量时,化学能转化成热能6.根据下列实验操作和现象,得出的结论不正确的是选项实验操作、现象结论A 向淀粉容液中滴入硫酸,加热一段时间后,滴淀粉未水解入银氨溶液,水浴加热,无银镜现象出现。
河南省郑州市第一中学高二下学期期中考试化学试题(含答案)
郑州市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试化学试题说明:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题),满分100分. 2.考试时间:75分钟.3.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在答题卡上.可能用到的原子:H1C12N14S32Na23Al27P31Zn65As75第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共42分)一、选择题:本题共14小题,每小题3分,共42分.1.下列有关氧原子结构的化学用语中,对电子运动状态描述最详尽的是( )A .168O B .C .2241s 2s 2p D .2.下列分离混合物的实验方法中不正确的是( )A .分离乙酸(沸点77.1℃)与某种液态有机物(沸点120℃)的混合物-蒸馏B .从含有少量NaCl 的3KNO 溶液中提取3KNO 的操作为热水溶解、蒸发浓缩、降温结晶、过滤C .用CCl4萃取碘水中的碘,液体分层后,下层液体从下口放出,上层液体从上口倒出D .将溴水中的溴转移到有机溶剂中-加入乙醇萃取3.某烯烃分子的结构简式为用系统命名法命名其名称为( )A .2,2,4-三甲基-3-乙基-3-戊烯B .2,4,4-三甲基-3-乙基-2-戊烯C .2,2,4-三甲基3-乙基-2-戊烯D .2-甲基-3-叔丁基-2-戊烯 4.下列有关性质的比较不正确的是( )A .沸点:23H O>HF>NHB .熔点:二氧化硅2>NaCl>IC .硬度:碳化硅<金刚石D .沸点:5.日光灯中用到的某种荧光粉的主要成分为()34223W ZX WY ⋅.已知:X 、Y 、Z 和W 为原子序数依次增大的前20号元素,W 为金属元素.基态X 原子s 轨道上的电子数和p 轨道上的电子数相等,基态X 、Y 、Z 原子的未成对电子数之比为2:1:3,下列说法正确的是( ) A .电负性:X Y Z W >>> B .原子半径:X<Y<Z<WC .Y 和W 的单质都能与水反应生成气体D .Z 元素最高价氧化物对应的水化物具有强氧化性 6.下列说法中正确的有( )①金属晶体的导电性、导热性均与自由电子有关 ②若晶体中有阳离子,必然有阴离子 ③分子晶体的熔点一定比金属晶体低 ④共价键的强弱决定分子晶体熔、沸点的高低 ⑤共价晶体中一定含有共价键 ⑥含有离子的晶体一定是离子晶体 ⑦硬度由大到小:金刚石>碳化硅>晶体硅⑧NaCl 和CsCl 晶体中,阴离子周围紧邻的阳离子数均为8 A .2个 B .3个 C .4个 D .5个7.一种锌的配合物结构如图所示,下列有关说法正确的是( )A .中心离子提供空轨道的能级是3d 和4sB .该配合物中H N H --的键角比3NH 中H N H --的键角小C .溴原子不同形状的轨道上的电子数之比是8:17:10D .该化合物中C 、N 的杂化类型相同8.科学家合成了一种高温超导材料,其晶胞结构如图所示,该立方晶胞参数为apm .阿伏加德罗常数的值为A N .下列说法错误的是( )A .晶体最简化学式为66KCaBC B .晶体中与K +最近且距离相等的2Ca+有8个C .晶胞中B 和C 原子构成的多面体有12个面D .晶体的密度为3233A2.1710g cm a N -⨯⋅⋅ 9.某有机物分子的结构简式如图所示,下列相关叙述正确的是( )A .该有机化合物含有3种官能团B .该有机物分子中最多有12个碳原子在同一平面内C .该有机物分子中最多有6个碳原子共线D .该有机物分子中最多有14个碳原子在同一平面内10.抗癌药物CADD522的结构如图.关于该药物的说法错误..的是( )A .能发生水解反应B .含有2个手性碳原子C .能使2Br 的4CCl 溶液褪色D .碳原子杂化方式有2sp 和3sp11.中国工程院李兰娟院士团队公布研究成果,药物阿比朵尔对新冠病毒有明显抑制作用,其分子结构如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )A .其分子式为222523C H BrN O SB .分子中碳原子均采取2sp 杂化 C .阿比朵尔为芳香烃D .分子结构中含有多个官能团,如羟基,酯基,碳溴键,苯环12.下列关于烃的说法正确的是( )A .共面的C 原子最多为14个B .共直线的C 原子只能为4个C .1mol 该烃最多可以和26molH 发生加成反应D .1mol 该烃最多可以消耗26molBr13.某烃的分子式为1014C H ,它不能使溴水褪色,可使酸性4KMnO 溶液褪色,分子结构中只含有一个烷基,符合上述条件的烃有( )A .2种B .3种C .4种D .5种14.下列关于物质的结构或性质及解释都正确的是( )A .AB .BC .CD .D第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共58分)二、非选择题:本题共4小题,共58分.15.(10分)用系统命名法给有机物命名①_____________;②_____________;③22CH CHCH Cl _____________;④2223|CH CH CCH CH CH 命名为____________________;⑤49C H Cl 的核磁共振氢谱表明其只有一种化学环境的氢,则其化学名称为______________________;⑥2CH CHCOONa 发生聚合反应可得到一种高吸水性树脂,该树脂名称为_____________.16.(22分)东晋《华阳国志·南中志》卷四中已有关于白铜的记载,云南镍白铜(铜镍合金)闻名中外,曾主要用于造币,亦可用于制作仿银饰品.回答下列问题: (1)硫酸镍溶于氨水形成()346Ni NH SO ⎡⎤⎣⎦蓝色溶液. ①()346Ni NH SO ⎡⎤⎣⎦中阴离子的立体构型是_____________.②在()346Ni NH SO ⎡⎤⎣⎦所含非金属元素的电负性由大到小为_______________.③333NH PH AsH 、、的沸点由高到低的顺序为_____________(填化学式,下同),键角由小到大的顺序为_____________.④基态Zn 原子的价电子排布式为_____________,在周期表中位置为_____________.(2)丁二酮肟是检验N2+的灵敏试剂.丁二酮肟分子(||CH3CH3HON C CNOH—)中C 原子轨道杂化类型为_____________,1mol 丁二酮肟分子所含σ键的数目为_____________.(3)配合物[]4Ni(CO)常温下为液体,易溶于4CCl 、苯等有机溶剂.[]4Ni(CO)中Ni 与CO 的C 原子形成配位键.不考虑空间构型,[]4Ni(CO)的结构可用示意图表示为_____________(用“→”表示出配位键). (4)33NH BH 分子中,N B —化学键称为_____________键,其电子对由_____________提供.氨硼烷在催化剂作用下水解释放氢气:333243623NH BH 6H O 3NH B O 9H +-+=++↑.336B O -的结构为.在该反应中,B 原子的杂化轨道类型由_____________变为_____________.17.(14分)晶体世界丰富多彩,复杂多样,各类晶体具有不同的结构特点,决定着它具有不同的性质和用途,回答下列问题:(I )氢化铝钠()4NaAlH 是一种新型轻质储氢材料,其晶胞结构如图所示,为长方体.4NaAlH 晶体中,与4AlH -紧邻且等距的Na +有_____________个;4NaAlH 晶体的密度为_____________3g cm -⋅(用含a 、A N 的代数式表示).(2)氮化钼作为锂离子电池负极材料具有很好的发展前景.它属于填隙式氮化物,N 原子部分填充在Mo 原子立方晶格的八面体空隙中,晶胞结构如图所示.氮化钼的化学式为_____________,Mo 原子周围与之等距离的Mo 原子个数为_____________. (3)ZnS 的晶胞结构如图所示:晶体中2S -填充在2Zn +围成的四面体空隙中,则四面体空隙的填充率为_____________;已知ZnS 的晶胞密度是3ag /cm ,则2Zn +与2S -的最短距离为_____________pm (用含a 、A N 的代数式表示).(4)已知Co 可形成晶胞结构如图所示,以晶胞参数为单位长度建立的坐标系可表示晶胞中各原子的位置,称作原子的分数坐标,已知晶胞含对称中心,其中1号O 原子的分数坐标为(0.6667,0.3333,0.1077),2号O 原子的分数坐标为_____________.18.(12分)异戊二烯()232CH =C CH CH=CH ⎡⎤⎣⎦是一种重要的化工原料,能发生以下反应:已知:①烯烃与酸性4KMnO 溶液反应的氧化产物对应关系:②请回答下列问题:(1)异戊二烯的一氯代物有_____________种;写出一种反应①发生1,2—加成所得有机产物的结构简式为_____________.(2)X 存在顺反异构,写出它的反式异构体的结构简式:_____________;可能发生的反应有_____________(填字母).A .加成反应B .氧化反应C .酯化反应(3)Y 的结构简式为_____________;B 为含有六元环的有机物,其结构简式为_____________.郑州市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试化学参考答案一、选择题:本题共14小题,每小题3分,共42分.二、非选择题:本题共4小题,共58分.15.(10分)【除标注分值外,每空2分】(1)3,3,4-三甲基己烷(1分) (2)乙苯(1分) (3)3-氯-1-丙烯 (4)2-乙基-1,3-丁二烯 (5)2-甲基-2-氯丙烷 (6)聚丙烯酸钠 16.(22分)【除标注分值外,每空2分】(1)①.正四面体形(1分) ②.O 、N 、S 、H (1分) ③.333NH AsH PH 、、 333AsH PH NH 、、 ④1023d 4s 第四周期B Ⅱ族 (2)3sp 和2sp A 15N(3)(4)配位(1分) N (或氮原子)(1分) 3sp 2sp 17.(14分)【每空2分】(1)8 233A1.0810a N ⨯ (2)2Mo N 12 (3)50% 10104 (4)(0.3333,0.6667,0.6077) 18.(12分)【每空2分】(1)6 ()232BrCH CBr CH CH CH =或()232CH C CH CHBrCH Br =(2) AB(3)3||O C CH COOH ——。
2018届高三第一次模拟考试理综化学试题 含解析
1.已知①中国古代四大发明之一的黑火药,它是由硫磺、木炭粉和硝石组成;②油条中铝含量超标十分普遍,是影响人们健康的食品安全隐患。
油条无铝配方由碳酸氢钠(小苏打)和臭粉组成。
下列关于硝石和臭粉的成份组合正确的是A.KNO3、NH4HCO3 B.KNO3、Na2CO3 C.HNO3、(NH4)2CO3 D.NH4NO3、Na2CO3【答案】A【解析】黑火药是我国古代的四大发明之一,它是硝酸钾、硫粉、木炭粉按一定比例混合而成的,硝石是指硝酸钾,油条无铝配方由碳酸氢钠(小苏打)和臭粉组成,碳酸氢铵能说出刺激性气味的氨气,臭粉组成为NH4HCO3,硝石和臭粉的成份组合为:KNO3、NH4HCO3 ,故选A。
【点睛】解题关键是能够用化学知识解释化学现象,黑火药是我国古代的四大发明之一,它是硝酸钾、硫粉、木炭粉按一定比例混合而成的,硝石是指硝酸钾,油条无铝配方由碳酸氢钠(小苏打)和臭粉组成,碳酸氢铵能说出刺激性气味的氨气。
2.常温下,下列各组离子一定能在指定溶浓中大量共存的是A.pH=l的溶液:Ba2+、Al3+、Cl-、SO42-B.能使酚酞试液变红的溶液:Na+、K+、HCO3-、I-C.c(OH-)/c(H+)=10-12的溶液:NH4+、Cu2+、NO3-、Cl-D.含有0.1mol/LFe(NO3)2的溶液:H+、Mg2+、SCN-、SO42-【答案】C3.下列说法正确的是A.乙烯使溴水或酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色均属于加成反应B.CH3CH2CH3分子中的3个碳原子不可能在同一直线上C.聚氯乙烯、麦芽糖和蛋白质均属于有机高分子化合物D.等质量的乙烯和乙醇完全燃烧,消耗O2的物质的量相同【答案】B【解析】A.乙烯含有碳碳双键,可与溴水发生加成反应,与高锰酸钾发生氧化还原反应,反应类型不同,故A错误;B.CH3CH2CH3为烷烃,具有甲烷的结构特点,则3个碳原子不可能在同一直线上,故B正确;C.麦芽糖相对分子质量较小,不是高分子化合物,故C错误;D.乙醇可拆写成C2H4•H2O的形式,等质量的C2H4和C2H4•H2O含C2H4,乙烯高于乙醇,故消耗氧气的量乙烯大于乙醇,故D错误;故选B。
2022-2023学年河南省郑州市第一〇一中学高二上学期10月月考数学试卷(含详解)
7.将直线y=3x绕坐标原点按逆时针方向旋转90°,再向右平移1个单位长度,所得直线方程为()
A.y=- x+ B.y=- x+3C.y=3x-3D.y=- x-1
8.已知直线 与 互相垂直,垂足为 ,则 值是
A.24B.20C.0D. 9.设直线 与直线 的交点为 ,则 到直线 的距离最大值为
A. B.
C. D.
4.已知直线 的方向向量为 ,平面 的法向量为 ,则“ ”是“ ∥ ”的()
A.充要条件B.既不充分也不必要条件
C.充分不必要条件D.必要不充分条件
5.已知向量 、 分别是平面 和平面 的法向量,若 ,则 与 的夹角为()
A. B.
C. D.
6.已知两点 ,过点 的直线 与线段 有公共点.则直线 的斜率 的取值范围()
三.解答题
17.设椭圆C: 过点(0,4),离心率为 ,求椭圆C 方程.18.已知 和 满足 ,求 的取值范围.
19.已知正方形的中心为直线 和 的交点,正方形一边所在直线方程为 ,求其它三边方程.
20.如图,在底面是菱形的四棱锥PABCD中,∠ABC=60°,PA=AB=a,PB=PD= a,点E在PD上,且PE∶ED=2∶1,求异面直线PB与CE的距离.
A. B. C. D.
10.若直线 被圆 所截得的弦长为 ,则实数a的值为()
A.0或4B.0或3C. 或6D. 或
11.已知在平面直角坐标系 中,圆 的方程为 ,直线 过点 且与直线 垂直.若直线 与圆 交于 两点,则 的面积为
A. 1B. Cபைடு நூலகம் 2D.
12.已知圆O: ,A,B为圆O上的两个动点,且|AB|=2,M为弦AB的中点, , .当A,B在圆O上运动时,始终有∠CMD为锐角,则实数a的取值范围为()
河南省顶级名校2017-2018学年高三10月第一次月考理综化学试题 Word版含答案
河南省顶级名校2017-2018学年高三上学期第一次月考化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1、C-12、N-14、O-16、S-32、Cl-35.5、Ba-1377.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是()A.标准状况下,11.2 L SO3所含的氧原子数为1.5N AB.电解精炼铜时,若阳极质量减少6.4 g,则电路中转移电子数为0.2N AC.在含Al3+总数为N A的AlCl3溶液中,Cl-总数为3N AD.常温常压下,7.8 gNa2S和Na2O2的混合物中,阴离子所含电子数为1.8 N A8.关于下列图示的说法中,正确的是()A.图1制备并收集少量NO2气体 B.图2是原电池装置,Fe电极为负极C.图3常用于分离互不相溶的液体 D.图4可用于实验室制取和收集乙酸乙酯9.某有机物的结构简式如右图所示。
下列关于该有机物的叙述错误的是()A.分子式为C12H13O3ClB.分子中含有四种官能团C.能够发生加成反应、取代反应、消去反应和酯化反应D.可使溴水和酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色10.短周期元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大,X原子在元素周期表中原子半径最小,Y的次外层电子数是最外层的13,ZX2是一种生氢剂,W与Y属于同一主族。
下列叙述正确的是:()A.原子半径:r W>r Z>r YB.化合物X2Y、ZY、ZX2中化学键的类型相同C.由X、Y、Z、W组成的化合物的水溶液可能显酸性D.由Y元素形成的离子与W元素形成的离子的电子数不可能相同11.下列离子方程式书写正确的是()A.用醋酸除去水垢:CaCO3+2H+═Ca2++H2O+CO2↑COO C CH2OHCH2ClCH2B.用铜为电极电解饱和食盐水:2Cl﹣+2H2O Cl2↑+H2↑+2OH﹣C.FeBr2溶液中通入过量Cl2:2Fe2++2Br﹣+2Cl2═2Fe3++Br2+4Cl﹣D.氢氧化铁沉淀溶解于过量氢碘酸溶液中:2Fe(OH)3+6H++2I- =2Fe2++6H2O+I212、今有一混合物的水溶液,只可能含有以下离子中的若干种(不考虑水的电离):K+、NH4+、Cl-、Mg2+、Ba2+、CO32-、SO42-,现取三份100mL溶液进行如下实验:(1)第一份加入AgNO3溶液有沉淀产生;(2)第二份加足量NaOH溶液加热后,收集到标准状况下气体896mL(气体全部逸出);(3)第三份加足量BaCl2溶液后,得干燥沉淀6.63g,经足量盐酸洗涤、干燥后,沉淀质量4.66g.根据上述实验,以下推测正确的是()A.K+一定存在B.100 mL溶液中含0.02 mol CO32-C.Cl-一定存在D.Ba2+一定不存在,Mg2+可能存在13.装置(Ⅰ)为铁镍(Fe-Ni)可充电电池:Fe+NiO2+2H2O Fe(OH)2+Ni(OH)2;装置(Ⅱ)为电解示意图。
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学高一上学期第二次考试英语试题
2023-2024学年河南省郑州市中牟县第一高级中学高一上学期第二次考试英语试题In America, when the eighth graders leave the middle school, they are often worried about moving to the high school. It is a hard time for them, but it can be an exciting one as well. To make it easier, students need to get familiar with their school.Even though they’ve done this already in the middle school, it’s still important to find where their class-rooms are. Most schools take students to the high school for a visit at the end of their eighth grade year. And, most schools also have a freshman (新生) speech for parents and students before the first year begins. Sometimes the main office will give away a map of the school. This can help students and parents to find different places in the school.One way to know your high school more and make new friends is to join a club or play a sport. Schools often offer chances to join different clubs and sports. Fall activities begin in August before the first day of school. If you are not interested in sports, there are clubs for any interest, such as drama, dance, chess, photography, community service, etc. These clubs allow students from different grades. By joining an activity, students can find new friendships, not to mention improving their chances in future college applications (申请). The school office will have a list of activities offered at the school and information on how to join them.What’s more, to have a great start to a high school yea r, students can write down some of their worries, and ask for help from teachers and school workers.1. According to the text, most students feel when entering the high school.A.excited B.nervousC.lonely D.disappointed2. When do many schools take students to visit their new high school?A.Before the eighth grade year starts.B.Right after the high school year starts.C.At the end of their eighth grade year.D.At the beginning of the new term in the high school.3. What can we conclude about the school clubs?A.There are fewer students from higher grades in the school clubs.B.The school clubs in high school only welcome sports fans.C.Summer activities begin before school starts.D.The school office can help new students join school clubs.After graduating from Ontario College of Teachers, I became a teacher at a one-room country school in Aldborough Township.That first day of school as a 19-year-old female teacher was a frightening experience. It was one thing to have graduated as a successful student; it was another thing to face a classroom of little faces that were waiting for the “new teacher.” I had a classroom of 21 children of different shapes and sizes. The youngest was five going on six and the eldest was 16.There were two doors for entrance in my school, one for the girls, one for the boys and just inside each door was a chemical toilet—no outdoor facilities for us! The heat in the building was a wood-burning furnace(火炉) down in the basement. Tending the furnace was one of my responsibilities. Luckily, I knew a bit about starting a fire, so the school didn’t burn down.What I found most difficult was that a parent might take a child out of school for any reason. I had one Dutch family, whose father would keep the children out of school to help with the farm work. Finally, I got tired of this and sent an education officer to solve the problem. Needless to say, I was very unpopular with that father from then on, but the children came to school much more regularly! In the classroom, the older students helped the younger ones with learning, as well as with putting on coats and hats. If someone’s lunch was forgotten, everyone shared a bit of their food. We were a family. We had good times and bad times, but we kept learning. Far beyond maths, social studies, reading, grammar and writing, we learned how to get along with each other.I loved teaching at this small school and knew I was teaching the children about life as much as about subjects. I’d like to believe some students will have an i nfluence on the world that will last long after I am gone.4. Why did the author feel her first day as a teacher frightening?A.So many students were in class.B.The situations were quite different.C.No outdoor facilities were provided.D.The students were curious about her.5. What do we know about the school?A.It was poorly equipped. B.The playground was large.C.It was once damaged by a fire. D.The students were of similar age.6. What was a headache for the author?A.A Dutch family hated her.B.The students preferred farm work.C.The education officer offered little help.D.Some parents ignored children’s education.7. What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?A.They cared about each other. B.They had an influence on the world.C.They laughed away bad times. D.They did well in almost every subject.It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put myheadp hones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate?Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration.However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are c ertainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.”“Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.”8. What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Worrying. B.Exciting. C.Interesting. D.Relaxing.9. What can we learn from the small study?A.Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music.B.Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity.C.Different types of music lead to different performances.D.The volume of music affects concentration.10. What do Taj and Danela have in common?A.They believe music doesn’t help concentrate.B.They use music to help with their paper-writing.C.They can’t focus on reading while listening to music.D.They don’t listen to music while doing math problems.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Should Students Listen to Music? B.Does Music Help Concentration?C.Is Music Related to Reading? D.Can Music Change Mood?At the beginning of my Senior Two, I received my letter from the New York University (NYU) exchange program, and I was very relieved (如释重负的). I finally had the chance to take high level courses, experience college student life, and gain some extra credit. My aim was to learn the basics of accounting, economics, marketing, and psychology.When I arrived, I found that there were only 30 students in the program. I was so excited, but also nervous. I was worried that I would not make friends in my new environment. However, I turned out to be totally wrong. NYU hosts free events every week, giving students the chance to meet new people and explore New York City. My favorite events were the Broadway show trips. But there were always a limited number of spots. Therefore, I had to sign up online as soon as I received the reminder and hope that I would be chosen to go.This summer, I have watched ten Broadway shows, including To Kill a Mockingbird, Aladdin, and Frozen. Actually, I was fully attracted by the shows. Watching a performance almost every week was so amazing. On the way to the different shows, I always met someone new and we’d often chat about our lives. I was so thankful for making so many new friends.By the time the shows were finished, it was usually late at night. However, I wasn’t scared as Times Square was always so busy, filled with people and lights. This summer was the best ever and I certainly caught a glimpse (一瞥) into college life at NYU. Surprisingly, it is not as scary as I thought.12. Who might be the author of this text?A.A college student. B.A high school student.C.A high school teacher. D.A student’s parent.13. What made the author anxious when arriving at New York?A.’ The difficult courses.B.The challenging program.C.The trouble in making friends. D.The strict and serious teachers.14. Why are the Broadway shows mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To introduce some Broadway shows.B.To show the author’s performance skills.C.To attract people to watch Broadway shows.D.To express the author’s appreciation for the program.15. What can be the best title for the text?A.A Taste of NYU College Life B.An Exploration in New YorkC.The Amazing Courses at NYU D.The Attractive Shows of Broadway What do you think when you hear the phrase “when pigs fly”? 16 This common saying is used to express the idea that something is highly impossible. For example, if you ask your parents when they’re going to buy you something very expensive, the answer might be: “When pigs fly!”17 An old mention of pigs flying appe ared in Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. However, it is believed that Carroll may have picked up the phrase from the Scottish, who had been using the phrase for several hundred years. That may be right.There are also those who believe the phrase may have gotten its start in America. 18 It’s not surprising that many common sayings that developed back then had an animal or farm background. For example, farmers used to take pigs to slaughterhouse (屠宰场) along rivers on small boats. If it was foggy, people on the bank could only see the pigs’ heads above the fog. 19 This might have caused the saying to appear.Other countries also use animals to show impossibility. 20 Other countries, such as France and Spain, use phrases like “when frogs grow hair” or “when hens grow teeth”.FriendshipTwenty-one years ago, my husband gave me an eight-week-old dog, Sam, to help me ease the loss of our daughter. Later my husband and I moved from New York to New Jersey. Our neighbor, whose cat had recently had kittens, asked us if we would like one. We were afraid that Sam would not be _______, but we made up our _______ to take a kitten.We picked a little, gray, playful cat. She raced around running after imaginary mice and squirrels and jumped from table to chair very _______, so we named her Lightning (闪电).At _______, Sam and Lightning were not close to each other. But slowly, as the days went on, Lightning started _______ Sam. They slept together, ate together and played together. When I took _______ one out of the house, the other was always _______ by the door when we returned. That was the way it was for years.Then, without any warning, Sam suddenly died of a weak heart. This time, there was no Sam for Lightning to greet and no way to _______ why she would never see her friend again.In the _______ that followed, Lightning seemed heartbroken. She could not ________ me in words that she was suffering (承受), but I could see the pain and ________ in her eyes whenever anyone opened the front door. The weeks ________ by, and the cat’s sorrow seemed to be lifting (消失). One day as I walked into our living room, I ________ to have a look at the floor next to our sofa________ we had a sculptured replica (雕塑复制品) of Sam that we had bought a few years before. Lying next to the statue, one arm wrapped (围绕) around the statue’s neck, was Lightning, sleepi ng with her best ________.21.A.sad B.excited C.disappointed D.glad22.A.minds B.hearts C.heads D.brains23.A.slowly B.quickly C.carefully D.bravely24.A.last B.noon C.night D.first25.A.leaving B.following C.hating D.catching26.A.neither B.both C.either D.any27.A.waiting B.sleeping C.crying D.barking28.A.talk B.explain C.think D.write29.A.days B.months C.seasons D.years30.A.express B.tell C.report D.speak31.A.disappointment B.anger C.hunger D.fun32.A.came B.went C.gathered D.walked33.A.seemed B.appeared C.happened D.meant34.A.what B.which C.that D.where35.A.friend B.enemy C.sofa D.chair语法填空At my old school in Toronto, I was on the football and volleyball teams, so I was very popular and 36 (have) lots of friends. Everything changed when I was 16 years old because my parents decided to move to Florida. The first few 37 (day) in my new school were very difficult. The class timetable was different, and the teachers were 38 (strict) than those in my old school. Each teacher gave us a lot of homework every night. As 39 result, my free time became limited (有限的). My homework kept me 40 busy that I could only watch TV on Saturday nights. All the students were dressed in shorts and T-shirts instead of school uniforms. Some kids tried to be nice 41 me, but I did not want to talk to 42 (they). To me, they looked and acted funny! After a few weeks, no one even tried to talk to me anymore. I began to feel lonely. Two months passed before I got the courage 43 (talk) to some classmates. 44 (final), I found they were normal (正常的) people, just like me. I began to develop some relationships and even good friendships. I learned a valuable lesson about 45 (make) friends that year.46. 假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Eric近日发来邮件,说他和自己的一位篮球队友在商定训练时间时产生了矛盾,为此他很苦恼。
河南省郑州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试物理试题
郑州一中2022~2023学年上学期期中考试高一(物理)试题说明:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题),满分100分。
2.考试时间:90分钟。
3.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在答题卡上。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共48分)一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
1.关于重力、弹力、摩擦力,下列说法中正确的是( )A. 一质量均匀分布的圆形薄板,重心在圆心处,若将其中央挖去一个小圆,重心就不存在了B. 放在桌面上的书对桌面产生了压力,其原因是书发生了形变C. 接触面间的摩擦力方向总是与这个接触面间的弹力方向平行D. 滑动摩擦力的方向总是和物体的运动方向相反2.一辆车由静止开始做匀加速直线运动,在第8s末开始刹车,经4s停下来,汽车刹车过程也在做匀变速运动,那么前后两段加速度的大小之比是( )A. 1:4B. 1:2C. 2:1D. 4:13.竖井中的升降机可将地下深处的矿石快速运送到地面。
某一竖井的深度为104m,升降机运行的最大速度为8m/s,加速度大小不超过1m/s2。
假定升降机到井口的速度为0,则将矿石从井底提升到井口的最短时间是。
( )A. 13 s;B. 16 s;C. 21 s;D. 26 s4.物体从静止开始做匀加速直线运动,已知第3 s内与第2 s内的位移之差是6 m,则可知( )A. 物体运动的加速度大小为3 m/s2B. 第2 s末的速度大小为12 m/sC. 第1 s内的位移大小为1 mD. 物体在前4 s内的平均速度大小为15 m/s5.一质点从t =0时刻开始沿直线运动,运动时间为t 时,对应的位移为x ,规定向右为正方向,其x t ―t 图像如图所示,则下列说法正确的是( )A. t =0时,物体的初速度大小为3m/sB. 物体的加速度大小为3m/s 2C. 0∼2s 内物体的位移为6mD. 3s 末物体位于出发点左侧9m 处6.如图所示,将小球a 从地面以初速度v 0竖直上抛的同时,将另一相同小球b 从地面上方某处由静止释放,两球在空中相遇时速度大小恰好均为12v 0(不计空气阻力)。
河南省郑州市第一中学高三上学期第二次月考理综化学试题(解析版)Word版含解斩
河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考理综化学试题注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、学生号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上把对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔或涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:C-12 H-1 0-16 Fe-56 K-39 N-14 S-171. 化学与生活密切相关。
下列有关说法中错误的是A. 纤维素是多糖,但不能作人类的营养物质B. 生理盐水就是物质的量浓度为0.9 mol•L-1的氯化钠水溶液C. 葡萄酒中可添加适量的二氧化硫起抗氧化、防腐和杀菌等作用D. “卤水点豆腐”就是胶体的聚沉,豆腐、豆腐脑就是凝聚的豆类蛋白质【答案】B2. 设为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列有关叙述正确的是A. 标准状况下,22.4LH202中含有共价键的数目为3B. 4.6g甲苯(C7H8)和丙三醇(C3H803)的混合物中含有的氢原子数为0.4C. 50mL18.4mol•L-1浓硫酸与足量铜微热反应,转移的电子数目为0.92D. 已知S02(g)+l/202(g)=S03(g) △H=-98.32 KJ.mol-1,则向容器中充入个S02分子和0.5个02分子在一定条件下充分反应,最终放出的热量为98.32 kJ【答案】B【解析】A. 标准状况下,过氧化氢不是气体,无法计算22.4LH2O2中含有共价键的数目,故A错误;B.甲苯(C7H8)和丙三醇(C3H8O)的相对分子质量相等,4.6g甲苯(C7H8)和丙三醇(C3H8O)的物质的量为=0.05mol,混合物中含有的氢原子为0.05mol×8=0.4mol,故B正确;C.随着反应的进行,浓硫酸的浓度逐渐减小,变成稀硫酸后反应不再进行,因此50 mL 18.4 mol/L浓硫酸与足量铜微热反应,转移的电子数目少于0.92N A,故C错误;D.可逆反应不能完全进行,向容器中充入N A个SO2分子和0.5N A个O2分子在一定条件下充分反应,最终放出的热量少于98.32KJ,故D错误;故选B。
河南省郑州市第一〇二中学2018年高三化学月考试题含解析
河南省郑州市第一〇二中学2018年高三化学月考试题含解析一、单选题(本大题共15个小题,每小题4分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,共60分。
)1. 短周期元素Q、R、T、W在元素周期表中的位置如右图所示,其中T所处的周期序数与主族序数相等,下列推断正确的是( )A、T的氧化物是光导纤维的主要成分B、Q与氢形成的化合物均含极性共价键C、R的最高正价氧化物的水化物是弱电解质D、W的氢化物的化学式为HCl参考答案:B略2. 元素X、Y、Z原子序数之和为36,X、Y在同一周期,X+与Z2-具有相同的核外电子层结构。
下列推测正确的是A.同周期元素中X的金属性最强 B.原子半径X>Y,离子半径X+>Z2-C.同族元素中Z的氢化物沸点最低 D.同周期元素中Y的最高价含氧酸的酸性最强参考答案:AD略3. 在下列各组离子在一定条件下能够大量共存的是A.无色溶液:Cu2+、K+、MnO4-、SO42-B.能溶解Al2O3的溶液:Na+、Ca2+、HCO3-、NO3-C.c(OH-)=1×10-13mol·L-1的溶液:NH4+、Al3+、SO42-、Cl-D.含0.1 mol·L-1 NO3-的溶液:H+、Fe2+、Mg2+、Br-参考答案:C略4. 下列说法中错误的是()A.从1 L 1 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液中取出10 mL,其浓度仍是1 mol·L-1B.制成0.5 L 10 mol·L-1的盐酸,需要氯化氢气体112 L(标准状况)C.0.5 L 2 mol·L-1 BaCl2溶液中,Ba2+和Cl-总数为3×6.02×1023D.10 g 98%的硫酸(密度为1.84 g·cm-3)与10 mL18.4 mol·L-1的硫酸的浓度是不同的参考答案:D略5. J、M、R、T是原子序数依次增大的短周期主族元素,J、R在周期表中的相对位置如右下表。
河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三上学期周测化学试题含答案
7、化学与生活密切联系。
下列日用品主要成分是无机物的是8、A.塑料桶 B。
木板床 C。
烧水壶 D.羊毛衫8、N A代表阿伏加德罗常数。
下列说法正确的是A。
1L1mol/LNa2S2O3溶液中含硫粒子总数为2N AB.1L1mol/LFeCl3溶液与足量铜粉反应,,转移电子数为3N AC.71gCl2溶于足量水得到的溶液中HCl分子数小于N AD。
标准状况下,44.8L的乙烯和丙烯混合物中含碳碳双键数目为2N A 9、短周期元素a、b、c、d的原子序数依次增大,a、b的简单气态氢化物发生反应生成离子化合物。
b和c的简单离子的电子层结构相同,d的最高正化合价和最低负化合价代数和等于0。
下列推断正确的是A。
原子半径:c>d>a>b B。
非金属性:b>d>aC。
在常温常压下,db4呈液态 D.d3a4中既含离子健又含共价键10、下列实验操作、现象和结论都正确的是选项操作现象结论A在某溶液中滴加KI溶液客液变蓝色该溶液是淀粉溶液B在某植物油中滴加酸性高锰紫红色褪去该油含破碳双键酸钾溶液C 在蔗糖的水解液中加入银氨溶液并加热无银镜产生燕糖没有水解 D 在赤热氧化铜粉末中通人乙醇蒸气 黑色粉末变红色乙醇表现氧化性11、工业上,用电解法精炼粗银.已知粗银中含有Cu 、Zn 、Au 等杂质,以含Ag (NH 3)2-溶液为电解质溶液。
下列说法错误的是12、A 。
用纯银作明极材料 B.阴极反应式为Ag ++e -==Ag13、C.粗银与电源的正极连接 D 。
每转移0。
1mol 电子.析出10。
8g Ag12、298K 下,浓度均为0.10mol/L ,体积均为V 0的HX 、HY 溶液,分别加水稀释至体积为V.pH 随1g 0V V的变化如图所示。
下列说法不正确的是A.HX 、HY 都是弱酸,电离常数:K (HX)>K(HY )B.水的电离程度:a 点等于b 点C 。
等体积等浓度HX 和NaOH 溶液的混合液中:c(OH —)=c (H +)+e (HX )D 。
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河南省郑州市第一中学2018届高三级阶段检测(二)理科综合本试卷共38小题,满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项: 1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题) 和第II卷(非选择题) 两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、学生号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上把对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑:;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的锕笔或签字作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区城内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案; 不准使用铅笔或涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:C-12 H-1 O-16 Fe-56 K-39 N-14 S-32第I卷(选择题)1.化学与生活密切相关。
下列有关说法中错误的是( )A.纤维素是多糖,但不能作人类的营养物质B.生理盐水就是物质的量浓度为0.9mol·L-1的氯化钠水溶液C.葡萄酒中可添加适量的二氧化硫起抗氧化、防腐和杀菌等作用D.“卤水点豆腐“就是胶体的聚沉,豆腐、互腐脑就是凝聚的豆类蛋白质2.设NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.标准状况下,22.4L H2O2中含有共价键的数目4N AB.4.6g甲苯(C7H8)和丙三醇(C3H8O3)的混合物中含有的氢原子数为0.4N AC.50mL 18.4 mol·L-1浓硫酸与足量铜微热反应,转移的电子数目为0.92N AD.已知SO2(g)+1/2O2(g)⇌SO3(g) ΔH=98.32KJ·mol-1,则向容器中充入N A个SO2分子和0.5N A 个O2分子在一定条件下充分反应,最终放出的热量为98.32KJ3.下列关于有机化合物的说法中正确的是()A.乙苯的同分异构体有三种B.丙烯与溴的四氯化碳溶液反应能生成BrCH2CH2CH2BrC.己二酸可以发生氧化反应、取代反应、加聚反应D.有机物分子中所有碳原子不可能共平面4.下列实验操作能达到实验目的的是()A.用点燃的方法除去CO,中少量的COB.在蒸发皿中蒸发氯化镁溶液制备无水氯化镁C.室温下测定等浓度的醋酸和盐酸的PH比较者酸性强弱D.用酸性高锰酸钾溶液检验氯化亚铁溶液中的亚铁离子是否存在5.为了强化安全管理,某油库引进了一台空气中汽油含量的测量仪,其工作原理如图所示(用强酸性溶液作电解质溶液)。
下列说法中不正确的是()A.石墨电极作正极,发生还原反应B.铂电极的电极反应式为:C8H18+16H2O-50e-═8CO2↑+5OH+C.H+由质子交换膜左侧向右侧迁移D.每消耗标准状况下5.6L O2溶液中通过I mol 电子6.常温下,0.1 mol·L-1的某二元酸H2A 的溶液中可能存在的含A粒子(H2A、HA-、A2-) 的物质的量分数随PH 的变化如图所示,下列说法中不正确的是()A.H2A的电离方程式为H2A ⇌HA-+H+,HA-⇌H++A2-B.Na2A溶液一定呈碱性,NaHA溶液一定呈酸性C.常温下,电离常数K(HA-)= 10-3D.W点的溶液中pH=3-lg37.主族元素A、B、C、D 的原子序数依次增加。
甲、丙、戊是由这些元素组成的二元化合物,丙分子中原子个数比为1:1,乙是元素D的单质,通常为深红棕色液体,丁为淡黄色固体,0.01mol·L-1戊溶液的PH为2,己为难溶于水、密度比水大的油状物。
上述物质的转化关系如图所示。
下列说法中不正确的是()A.四种元素既不同周期也不同主族B.元素的非金属性A<B<CC.丙常温常压下为气态D.C的最高价氧化物对应的水化物为强酸第II卷(非选择题)8.(14分) 氯气和氨气是重要的工业原料,二者在常温下混合即可发生反应。
某兴趣小组同学拟用如下装置设计实验来探究纯净、干燥的氯气与氨气的反应。
回答下列问题:(1)气体的制备与净化①氯气的发生装置可以选择上图中的,反应的化学方程式为。
②干燥氨气选用上图中的。
氯气的净化装置的连接顺序为b→ (按气流顺序,用小写字母表示)。
(2)氨气与氯气的反应①上图中的装置连接顺序为A→→→→→B(用大写字母表示)。
氨气的入口是 (填“e”或"f”),原因是。
装置D内出现浓厚的白烟并在容器内壁凝结,另一生成物是空气的要成分之一,试写出该反应的化学方程式,写出一种此反应的工业用途:。
②设计一个实验方案鉴定该固体是氯化铵(要求写出操作、现象及结论):。
若从装置D的G处逸出的尾气中含有少量Cl2+为防止其污染环境,可将尾气通过盛有的洗气瓶。
9.(15分) 锰元素在济液中主要以Mn2+(很浅的肉色,近平无色) MnO42-(绿色)、MnO4-(紫色) 形式存在。
MnO2不溶于稀硫酸。
(1)将8mL 0.1mol·L-1的酸性高锰酸钾溶液和2mL L0mol·L-1的草酸(H2C204)溶液在试管中混合,然后将试管置于25°C水浴中,KMn0。
溶液浓度随时间变化关系如下图所示。
①写出发生反应的离子方程式: 。
②计算前40秒用草酸表示的平均反应速率v (草酸)= 。
③40s-65s的反应速率比前40s快,解释原因。
(2)已知反应3MnO42- +2H2O ⇌MnO2↓ +2MnO4-+4OH-。
①在K2MnO4溶液中加入足量稀硫酸,可观察到的现象是。
②常温下,在0.512mol·L-1 K2MnO4溶液中,当pH= 14时K2MnO4的转化率为4/9,则该反应的平衡常数的值为。
③在其他条件不变的条件下,适当升温有利于降低K2MnO4的转化率,则该反应的ΔH0 (填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)。
(3)碳酸锰是一种重要的工业原料。
工业生产中常用复分解法生产MnCO3;MnSO4+2NH4HCO3═MnCO3 ↓+(NH4)2SO4+CO2 ↑+H2O。
反应中通常需加入稍过量的NH4HCO3,且控制溶液的PH为6.8~7.4。
溶液的PH 不能过低也不能过高,原因是。
设MnSO4溶液为0.19mol+L-1,则溶液的PH最高不能超过。
[已知MnCO3、Mn(OH)2的K SP分别为1.8X10-11和1.9X10-13](4)制备单质锰的实验装置如图,阳极以稀硫酸为电解液,阴极以硫酸锰和硫酸混合液为电解液,电解装置中“ ”表示溶液中阴离子移动的方向。
铂电极的电极反应式为。
10.(14分) 高铁酸盐在能源、环保等方面有着广泛的用途。
实验室用氯化钠、废铁屑、稀硫酸、氢氧化钾溶液等为原料,通过以下过程制备高铁酸钾(K2FeO4):(1)Na2O2 的电子式为。
(2)操作I的步骤为蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、过滤、洗涤、隔绝空气减压干燥。
其中隔绝空气减压干燥的目的是。
(3)汽体X为,写出FeSO4与Na2O2反应的化学方程式。
(4)最终在溶液中可得到K2FeO4晶体的原理是。
(5)已知K2FeO4在水溶液中可以发生: 4FeO42-+10H2O ⇌4Fe(OH)3(胶体)+80H-+3O2↑,则K2FeO4可以在水处理中的作用是。
(6)称取提纯后的K2FeO4样品0.2100g于烧杯中,加入强碱性亚铬酸盐溶液,反应后再加稀硫酸调节溶液呈强酸性,配成250mL溶液,取出25.00 mL放入锥形瓶,用0.01000mol·L-1的(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2溶液滴定至终点,重复操作2次,平均消耗(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2溶液30.00mL。
涉及的主要反应为: Cr(OH)4-+FeO42-⇌Fe(OH)3+CrO42-+OH-Cr2O72- +6Fe2++ 14H+═6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2O则该K2FeO4样品的纯度为。
11.[化学一选修3: 物质结构与性质] (15分)(1)基态As原子的核外电子排布式为[Ar] ,有个未成对电子。
(2)As与N是同主族元素,从原子结构角度分析:为什么As的最高价含氧酸H3AsO4。
是三元酸(含三个羟基),而N的最高价含氧酸HNO3是一元酸(只含一个羟基) 。
(3)比较下列氢化物的熔点和沸点,分析其变化规律及原因。
(4)Na3AsO3中Na、As、O电负性由大至小的顺序是。
AsO33-的空间构型为。
AsO33-中As杂化轨道类型为。
(5)砷化镓(GaAs)为黑灰色固体,熔点为1238°C,该晶体属于晶体,微粒之间存在的作用力是。
(6)图为GaAs的晶胞,原子半径相对大小是符合事实的,则白球代表原子。
已知的GaAs的密度为5.307g·cm-3,Ga和As的相对原子质量分别为69.72、74.92,求晶胞参数a = pm(列出计算式即可)。
12.[化学一选修5:有机化学基础](15分)阿托酸甲酯A(C10H10O2)是一种用于辅助胃肠道痉挛及溃疡的药物,其合成路线如下图所示:请回答下列问题(1)试剂X是甲醇,则B的名称 ,是B中含有的官能团的名称为。
(2)写出反应②的化学方程式。
(3)C的分了式为,写出C的最简单同系物的名称。
G的结构简式为。
(4)A的同分异构体中,能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色、能水解、能发生银镜反应、含有苯环且只有一个取代基的同分异构体有种。
写出其中核磁共振氢谱吸收峰最多的一种(写结构简式)。
(5)写出以甲基丙烯为原料制备甲基丙烯的合成路线图(无机试剂任选): 。
合成反应流程图表示方法示例如下:8.答案(1)①B(1分)MnO2+4HCl(浓) MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H20(2分) ②C (I分) ghij(1分)(2)①C D F E (1分) e (1分) 使密度大的氯气与密度小的氨气较快地均匀混合(1分) 8NH3+3Cl2═6NH4CI+N2(2分) 用氨气检验氯气管道是否泄露(1分)②将固体在烧杯中溶解,用试管取少量溶液,然后滴加少量硝酸酸化的硝酸银溶液,有白色沉淀产生,证明有氯离子: 用试管另取少量溶液,然后加入浓烧碱溶液,加热,再将湿润的红色石蕊试纸放在试管口,红色石蕊试纸变蓝,说明有铵根离子(2分)氢氧化钠溶液(1分) 9.答案(1) ①5H2C2O4+6H++2MnO4- ═10CO2↑+2Mn2++8H2O( 1分)②1x10-3mol·L-1s-1 ( 2分)③Mn2+是此反应的催化剂,随着反应的进行,开始生成Mn2+,且浓度越来越大(1分)(2)①溶液由绿色变为紫色,并有黑色固体生成(2分)(3)pH过低沉淀量少; pH过高MnCO3会生成Mn(OH)2 (2分) 8.0(2分)(4)Mn2++2e-═Mn (1分) 2H++2e-═ H2↑ (1分)10.答案(1)(2分)(2)将FeSO4·7H2O转变成不含结晶水的FeSO4,同时防止亚铁离子被氧化(2分)(3)02(1分) FeSO4+4Na2O2═Na2FeO4+2Na2O+Na2SO4+O2↑ [答案不唯一,FeSO4+( 2+2n)Na 2O 2═Na 2FeO 4+2nNa 2O+Na 2SO 4+nO 2↑ (n 为正整数) ](2分)(4)在O °C 时K 2FeO 4的溶解度比Na 2FeO 4、NaOH 、KOH 和Na 2SO 4的溶解度小(2分)(5)杀菌消毒、净水(2分)(6)94.3% (3分)11.答案(1)3d 104s 24p 3 (1分) 3 (1分)(2)N 原子半径太小,又没有d 轨道,容纳不了多个羟基(1分)(3)除NH 3外,其余三种氢化物的熔、沸点均随相对分子质量的增大而升高。