贝克森锤井下油水分离技术

DOWS Technology 井下油水分离技术 Subsep 井下分离July 2009Copyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.井下油水分离议题 • 什么是井下分离 • 为什么要井下分离 • 系统工作原理 • 水力旋流器 • 性能介绍 • 技术要求– – – 套管尺寸相关 细节要求 影响分离的因素AGENDA • What is Subsep • Why Subsep • How does it work • The Hydrocyclone • Performance Characteristics • Technical Requirements– – – Rates by casing size Specifics Separation factors• 成功要素 • 应用经验Copyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.• Success Factors • Field Experience什么是井下分离•井下分离是井下油水分离（DOWS）技术 •井下分离系统帮助将井液举升至地面前处理生产 水 •将分离出的水注入注水层 •并将原油举升至地面•Subsep is DOWS (downhole oil and water separation) technology •A Subsep system will help manage water from the well fluid prior to being produced to surface •Inject separated water in the well •Produce oil to the surfaceCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.为什么要井下分离•降低举升费用 •减少水举升费用•Reduced lifting cost •Water lifting costs reduced•降低地面的水处理费 •Reduced surface water 用 management costs •回注井 •水处理 •地面管汇 •地面泵 •Disposal wells •Water treatment •Surface pipelines •Surface pumpsCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.如何实现井下分离•Electrospeed 3 变频柜 •3相电缆 •电机引接电缆 •插入式电机接头 •倒置式电潜电机 •Electrospeed 3 Variable Speed Drive •3 phase power cable •Motor Lead Extension •Plug in Pothead •Inverted submersible motor•双保护器 •多级离心注入泵 •水力旋流器油水分离 •旁通管 •需要时应用多级泵举升产油•2 seal sections •A multi stage centrifugal injection pump •The oil-water separator with Hydrocyclone •By pass tubes •A multi stage oil boost pump if requiredCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.如何实现井下分离•高含水井液流经马达和保护器为其降温 •井液被增压并使其向下流动 •水力旋流器产生涡流从比重大的水中分离出比重小的原油– 产生高达 2000g的重力加速度 •分离出的水继续向下流动 •富含油的井液通过旁通管向上流动，进入油管 •依据特定井况也许需要额外的泵举升井液至地面 •High water cut well fluid passes the motor and seal providing cooling •This fluid is pressurized and forced down •The Hydrocyclone induces a vortex separating the lighter oil from the heavier water – up to 2,000 g’s created •The separated water continues to travel downwards •The oil rich fluid is forced up by pass tubes to the production tubing •Unique well characteristics may require a pump to push the fluid to surfaceCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.如何实现井下分离性能示例： Performance Example:BFPD 井液 井液 Well Fluid （原始状况） 10,000 BWPD 水 9,000 1,000 8,000 BOPD 油 1,000 1,000 < 500 ppm地面液体 Surface Fluid 2,000 （分离后） 注入液体 Injected Fluid （井下） 8,000Copyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.气体分离器• 利用旋转叶轮 (转子) 或制造涡 流通过离心作用驱动井液, 迫 使比重高的液体在外侧流动， 而游离气（比重低）移动至中 心。

• 液体导入至泵入口，气体则被 排至套管环空 • 可以选用耐磨设备 • Rotating chamber (rotor) or induced vortex imparts centrifugal force on the fluid, forcing heavier fluids to the outside while free gas migrates to the center • Liquid is ported internally to the pump inlet while the gas is vented to the casing annulus • Abrasion resistant options are availableCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.常规电泵系统Variable speed drive Power Ride Through Step-Up Transformer Transformer•传统电潜泵选型设计 •Traditional ESP Sizing •绝大部分能量（马力）用于增加总动压头（TDH） • largest component of HP is total dynamic head (TDH) •总动压头=流体举升+油管流阻+地面管汇压力 •TDH = Lift + Tubing Friction + Surface Tubing Pressure •流体举升=f（静液面，井的生产指数）Cable PumpSealMotor•Lift = f(static fluid level, Well Productivity Index) Sensor •总动压头→叶轮级数 →电机马力 •TDH → # stages → Motor HPCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.如何实现井下分离总动压头井下分离 =总动压头注入+总动压头生产TDHsubsep = TDHinjection + TDHproduction • 最终产生的压头也许足以将油举升至地面 •The resulting head created may be sufficient to carry the oil to the surface •若不够，可采用增压泵 •If not a boost pump is required •回压（背压）装置设计 •Backpressure device designBACK PRESSURE DEVICE REDUCING SECTION LIGHT PHASE OVERFLOWFEED INLETACCELERATING HELICAL FLOW PATHLIGHTER PHASE MIGRATES TO CENTRAL COREDENSE PHASE UNDER FLOWCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.水力旋流器油流至地面Oil Stream to Surface纯净的生产水至注入层Clean Water to Disposal从泵或产层进入Inlet From Pump Or Reservoir油/水从射孔段进入Oil / Water From Perforations性能介绍含水率WATER CUT (%)50100单级SINGLE STAGE双级旋流器分离TWO STAGE CYCLONE SEPARATION分离效果较弱POOR SEPARATION 5015API 重度API GRAVITY10030摄氏温度TEMP.(deg.C)井下分离能力Subsep Capabilities2,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,00020,0005 1/2"7"9 5/8"C a s i n gD i a m e t e rFluid Rates (bpd)** - Preferred*分离能力套管尺寸流量（BPD ）技术需求•Water cut ≥75% 含水率≥75%•≥90% preferred ≥90%最佳•干净的井况–最小至无颗粒•Clean Well –minimal to no solids •Variable Speed Drive变频设备•Adjustable surface choke 可调地面油嘴•Injectivity testing 注入能力测试•Injection zone below producing zonepreferred注入层低于产层最佳•Non-shrouded preferred不需导流罩最佳•Gauging preferred 最好使用井下传感器•水油比，含水量，压力•Water & oil rates, water cut, pressures分离参数LIGHT PHASE OVERFLOWFEED INLETDENSE PHASE UNDER FLOWREDUCING SECTIONFLOW PATHACCELERATING HELICAL TO CENTRAL CORELIGHTER PHASE MIGRATES BACK PRESSUREDEVICE•混合粘度•Mixture Viscosity–油的粘度，油浓度及温度的函数–Function of oil viscosity, oil concentration and temperature•温度•Temperature–越高越佳–Hotter the better •密度差•Differential density–最低0.05比重差–Minimum .05 sg (specific gravity)•入口浓度•Inlet concentration–含水量越高越佳–Higher water cut is better •旋流器结构合理性•Cyclone geometry–经过验证–Proven design成功要素•Proven Technology •Focus on Execution–Flawless Service•Field engineering–Install –Start-up –Operation •Manufacturing •Assembly •QA/QC•Factory AcceptanceTesting–Flawless Support•Acquire good well data •Analyze data •Sizing•Project management•经验证的技术•注重实施–完美的服务•现场工程–安装–启动–作业•制造•安装•质量监控•工厂验收试验–完美的技术支持•获取精准的井数据•分析数据•选型•项目管理深锤公司井下油/水分离经验含水量重度采用井下分离双级旋流器分离单级分离不同地点的应用经验Diverse Location Experience•5 Canada 加拿大5口•4 Argentina 阿根廷4口•2 USA (1 test) 美国2口（1口测试井）•1 China 中国1口••1 Ecuador 厄瓜多尔1口•1 France (test) 法国1口测试井2 Subsep systems in process in Congo 刚果正在安装2口井下分离系统注水层岩性注入层沙堵注入率过低高硫化氢电机烧毁测试碳酸盐岩砂岩注水层在上注水层在下起井原因注水层位置（相对产层）含水量比较采用井下分离前的含水量日产桶数井数井下分离现场经验HydroSep Configuration #2PRODUCTION DETAILSTotal Well Inflow Oil to Surface Water to Surface Water to InjectionBEFORE4020 70 3950 0AFTER5500 78 337 5085 bfpd bopd bwpd bwpdNET CHANGE+ 37 %PRODUCTION TUBING+11% - 91%BOOSTER PUMP HIGH PRESS. SEAL UPPER SEAL PRODUCTION ZONESEPARATION DETAILSOil gravity Water gravity Percent Water Cut Percent Gas into the Pump (GIP) Bottom hole temperature 20.6 1.0 99 0.1 API sg % %MECHANICALCasing size Casing weight Tubing Size Bypass Tubes Shroud 8 5/8 inches 32 lb/ft 3 ½ inches 3 x 1/2” YesMOTORTHRUST CHAMBER OIL BYPASS TUBES INJECTION PUMP135 °FPRODUCTION ZONEFormation Type Perforations (TVD) Productivity Index (PI) Static pressure Madison Carbonate 3951 ft 3.929 bpd/psi 1480 psiINJECTION ZONEFormation Type Perforations (TVD) Injectivity index Static pressure Madison Carbonate 4348 ft 22.9 bpd/psi 1515 psiCASING OIL-WATER SEPARATOR INJECTION TUBING SEAL BORE ASM.PACKER INJECTION ZONECopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.井下分离现场经验HydroSep Configuration #2PRODUCTION TUBINGPRODUCTION DETAILSTotal Well Inflow Oil to Surface Water to Surface Water to InjectionBEFORE371 19 352 0AFTER1761 62 250 1449 bfpd bopd bwpd bwpdNET CHANGE+ 374 % + 226 % - 29 %BOOSTER PUMP HIGH PRESS. SEAL UPPER SEAL PRODUCTION ZONESEPARATION DETAILSOil gravity Water gravity Percent Water Cut Percent Gas into the Pump (GIP) Bottom hole temperature 38 1.2 93 0.7 111 API sg % % °FMECHANICALCasing size Casing weight Tubing Size Bypass Tubes Shroud 5 ½ inches 15.5 lb/ft 2.875 inches 3 x 3/8” NOMOTORTHRUST CHAMBER OIL BYPASS TUBES INJECTION PUMPPRODUCTION ZONEFormation Type Perforations (TVD) Productivity Index (PI) Static pressure Nisku-2 Carbonate 5784 ft - 5788 ft 3.38 bpd/psi 1813 psiINJECTION ZONEFormation Type Perforations (TVD) Injectivity index Static pressure Nisku-3 Carbonate 6060 ft - 6135 ft 7.8 bpd/psi 1998 psiCASING OIL-WATER SEPARATOR INJECTION TUBING SEAL BORE ASM.PACKER INJECTION ZONECopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.井下油/水分离技术 DHOWS Technology 井下分离 Subsep讨论 DiscussionCopyright © 2007, Baker Hughes, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential. No portion of this material may be copied, reproduced, transferred or stored without the express written permission of Baker Hughes, Inc.。