第2套
第二套全国小学生广播体操
第二套全国小学生广播体操《雏鹰起飞》分解动作讲解预备节（2个八拍）预备姿势直立第一个八拍：一至二拍：右脚向后一步，前脚掌着地（一拍到位）；同时两臂测下举抬头（二拍）；三至四拍全蹲（一拍到位）同时手指触地，低头。
（五至六拍）抬头（一拍到位）；七至八拍低头（一拍到位）同时两臂收至体侧。
第二个八拍：一拍起立，同时两臂测下举曲弯掌心向内。
二拍两臂还原身外掌心向下；三拍两臂侧举曲外掌心向内；四拍两臂还原身外掌心向下；五至六拍：两臂向上举曲弯相触掌心向外（一拍到位），七至八拍还原成直立。
第一节：伸展运动（四个八拍）预备姿势：直立第一个八拍：一至二拍：左脚向测前一步，重心移置左脚，同时两臂侧前上举，掌心向下抬头挺胸，三至四拍两臂交叉，胸前平息，手拍上臂两次，同时头向右转（一拍到位），五至六拍左脚并右脚成半蹲同时两臂轻成身后摆置侧后举掌心向上，上身前倾，头向左转；七至八拍还原成直立。
第二个八拍：同第一个八拍动作相反。
第三、四个八拍同一、二个八拍。
第二节：肩胸运动（四个八拍）预备姿势：直立第一个八拍：一至二拍：左脚开始向侧前跑跳两步，右脚并左脚同时两臂曲肘一次向前绕环，五指分开掌心向内头向右转；三至四拍;同一至二拍，但脚方向相反。
最后一拍还原成直立姿势。
五至六拍：左脚向前成弓步，同时两臂交叉平举向侧后整，七至八拍左脚还原成并立同时两臂轻前举还原成体侧。
第二个八拍：同第一个八拍动作相反。
第三、四个八拍同一、二个八拍。
第三节：体侧运动（四个八拍）预备姿势：直立第一个八拍：一拍：左脚向侧一步同时两臂经胸前起至前举，握拳拇指向上；二拍右脚并左脚，同时两臂胸前平息拳心向后，三拍半蹲，四拍还原成直立。
五至六拍：左脚向侧一步，重心在两脚之间，同时左手叉腰，右臂轻侧上举，上体向左侧轻；七至八拍换原成直立第二个八拍：同第一个八拍动作相反。
第三、四个八拍同一、二个八拍。
第四节：体转运动（（四个八拍）预备姿势：直立第一个八拍：一至二拍：左脚开始高抬腿踏两步大腿与地面平行绷脚尖同时两臂轻轻平曲，小臂重叠一次向前绕环握拳拳心向下，三至四拍;左脚向侧一步同时两手叉腰；五至六拍：向左转体（一拍到位）同时右臂轻下摆至胸前上曲，握拳至七号拳心向内,抬头挺胸耿静，七至八拍还原成直立。
八年级英语上册第二套综合测试题(Unit2)人教新目标版
( A )15.What's Lucy's favorite program? A．Animal World. C．Around the World. B．Sports News.
Ⅲ、长对话理解(每段对话读两遍；共 5 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 5 分) 听下面一段对话，回答第 16－17 题。 ( B )16.Where do Jane's grandparents live? A．In Malaysia. C．In Australia. ( A )17.How often does Jane go to see her grandparents? A．Once a month. C．Once a year. B．Once a week. B．In America.
听下面一段对话，回答第 18－20 题。 ( C )18.How often does Mr.Fat exercise? A．Sometimes. C．Hardly ever. ( C )19.How does he like vegetables and milk? A．He likes them very much. C．He doesn't like them at all. ( B )20.Which one is RIGHT? A．He sleeps 9 hours every night. B．He eats junk food three or four times a week. C．Mr.Fat has a healthy lifestyle. B．He likes them a little. B．Very often.
Ⅱ、短对话理解(每段对话读两遍；共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分) ( B )6.What do they want to do tomorrow?
第二套全国小学生广播体操分解动作
第二套全国小学生广播体操“雏鹰起飞”分解教学预备节（8拍×2）直立第1个8拍1——2拍：右脚向后一步，前脚掌着地；两臂侧下举，抬头。
3——4拍：前蹲，手指触地，低头。
5——6拍：抬头。
7——8拍：低头，两臂收至体侧。
第2个8拍1拍：起立，两臂侧下举，屈腕，掌心向内。
2拍：两臂还原，伸腕，掌心向下。
3拍：两臂侧举，屈腕，掌心向内。
4拍：同2拍。
5拍：两臂上举，掌心向外屈腕相触。
7——8拍：还原成直立。
第一节伸展运动（8拍×4）直立，第1个8拍1——2拍：左脚向侧前一步，重心移至左脚；两臂侧前上举，掌心向下，抬头挺胸。
3——4拍：两臂交叉胸前平屈（左臂在外），手拍上臂两次，头向右转。
5——6拍：左脚并右脚成半蹲，两臂经前胸后摆至侧后举，掌心向上，上体前倾，头向左转。
7——8拍：还原成直立。
第2个8拍同第1个8拍，但方向相反。
第3、4个8拍同第1、2个8拍。
第二节肩胸运动（8拍×4）直立，第1个8拍1——2拍：左脚开始向侧前跑跳两步，右脚并左脚，两臂屈肘依次向前绕环，五指分开，掌心向内，头向右转。
3——4拍：同1——2拍，但脚的方向相反，最后一拍还原成直立。
5——6拍：左脚上前成弓步，两臂经交叉前举向侧后振。
7——8拍：左脚还原成并立，两臂经前举还原至体侧。
第2个8拍同第1个8拍，但方向相反。
第3、4个8拍同第1、2个8拍。
第三节体侧运动(8拍×4)预备姿势直立第1个8拍第1拍：左脚向侧一步，两臂经胸前屈至前举，握拳，拇指向上。
第2拍：右脚并左脚，同时两臂胸前平屈，拳心向后。
第3拍：半蹲。
第4拍：还原成直立。
5——6拍：左脚向侧一步，重心在两脚之间，左手叉腰，右臂经侧至上举，向左侧屈。
7——8拍：还原成直立。
第2个8拍同第1个8拍，但方向相反。
第3、4个8拍同第1、2个8拍。
第四节体转运动（8拍×4）预备姿势直立第1个8拍第1——2拍：左脚开始高抬腿踏两步，大腿与地面平行，绷脚尖，同时两臂胸前平屈，小臂重叠依次向前打环，握拳，拳心向下。
少年拳第二套
少年拳（第二套）预备式一、抡臂砸拳二、望月平衡三、跃步冲拳四、弹踢冲拳五、马步横打六、并步搂手七、弓步推掌八、搂手勾踢九、缠腕冲拳十、转身劈掌十一、砸拳侧踹十二、撩掌收抱还原式预备式两脚并拢，两手握拳放于腰间，拳心向上，下颚微收，头向左转，眼看左方。
一、抡臂砸拳上体右转，左脚向左跨，左掌直臂至右下方向上向后抡臂，右拳直臂上举后下砸，成并步砸拳，目视右拳。
转身，环绕，抡臂动作要协调一致；砸拳与震脚要同时并要有力。
二、望月平衡上体右转90度，右脚后侧半步，左腿屈膝后摆，左臂上摆至头顶两掌，右臂后摆成立掌侧平举，目视右后方。
抖腕、转头、踢腿要同时，平衡、稳。
三、跃步冲拳1、上身左转90度，左腿屈膝前摆至提膝平衡，两臂下摆至左腿外侧。
2、左脚落地后蹬地大跃步前窜成左扑步，两臂向前向上向后摆，左掌收至右肩内侧，右手抱拳收于腰间。
3、左掌搂手后变拳收于腰间，右冲拳，右腿蹬伸成右弓步，目视前方。
跃步要高而远，冲拳前须做扑步搂手过左脚面。
四、弹踢冲拳右腿提膝弹踢，左拳冲出右拳收回，目视前方。
弹踢时，腿由屈到伸，脚面绷平，弹踢与冲拳要同时。
五、马步横打身体左转，右脚落地成马步，左拳收回至腰侧，右拳横打，目视右拳。
横打与转体的动作要引腰发力，肘伸直。
六、并步搂手右脚向左并步，屈膝半蹲，右拳变勾手下搂，目视右下方。
并步与搂手要同时，勾尖向上。
七、弓步推掌左脚左跨成弓步，左拳変掌前推，右手变拳收回腰侧，目视左前方。
转体、上步与推掌动作要协调一致。
八、搂手勾踢前右拳変掌，伸臂前轮摆，架于左腕上方，重心前移，右脚向左前勾踢，同时两手变勾手下搂，目视前方。
右摆掌和双掌搂手的动作要连贯，勾踢时力达脚踝前部。
九、缠腕冲拳1、双臂前摆至腹前，两手変掌，左掌附于右掌背。
2、左腿蹬地换跳步，身体右转180度，右臂屈肘后摆同时做缠腕动作。
3、右脚落地后，左脚左前跨步成马步，左手变拳向左侧冲拳，目视左方。
屈肘后拉与转体、跨步与冲拳要同时。
2024年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析(第二套)
2024年06月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university sports facilities should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It hit a bird shortly after takeoff.B) Its crew members went on strike.C) It narrowly escaped a plane crash when turning around.D) Its captain got slightly injured during the forced landing.2. A) Panic. C) Relieved.B) Nervous. D) Contented.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) He is now kept in a secure area.B) He has escaped the zoo once again.C) He has been caught a second time.D) He finally disappeared six days ago.4. A) Squeezed.B) Threatened.C) Disappointed.D) Frustrated.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It is condemned as a crazy idea.B) It is enriching the city’s night life.C) It is questioned by local residents.D) It is giving rise to safety concerns.6. A) Avoid entering one-way streets.B) Ensure the safety of pedestrians.C) Follow all the traffic rules drivers do.D) Give way to automobiles at all times.7. A) To ease the city’s busy traffic.B) To bring new life into the city.C) To add a new means of transport.D) To reduce the city’s air pollution.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Take it seriously. C) Make it sound scary.B) Discuss it regularly. D) Talk about it openly.9. A) By shopping around for the best deals. C) By citing concrete examples.B) By making abstract sums relevant. D) By visiting discount stores.10. A) Paying their kids to help with housework.B) Setting kids a good example by sharing chores.C) Giving kids pocket money according to their needs.D) Urging kids to deposit some of their gift money.11. A) The importance of cutting down family expenses.B) The need to learn important lessons from her elders.C) The delight in seeing their savings grow.D) The necessity of saving into a pension.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He is a successful businessman.B) He reviews books on political affairs.C) He has published a new bestseller.D) He has worked in several banks.13. A) The man’s ideas about education.B) The man’s academic background.C) The man’s attempts at drawing public attention.D) The man’s proposals to solve economic problems.14. A) To reduce students’ financial burden.B) To motivate all students to be successful.C) To give students incentive to excel in economics.D) To provide remedies for students’ poor performance.15. A) Improving school budgeting. C) Seeking donations.B) Increasing tuition fees. D) Raising taxes.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To show his sympathy towards people always being busy.B) To prevent people from complaining about being “busy”.C) To call on busy people to take care of themselves.D) To help busy people to sort out their priorities.17. A) Avoid saying we are busy. C) Describe our schedule in detail.B) Reflect on their true purpose. D) Respond as most busy people do.18. A) To show their achievements resulted from great efforts.B) To prove they stand out as accomplished professionals.C) To cover up their failure to achieve some purpose.D) To tell others a complete lie about their inability.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They will help one reduce fear. C) They will be less challenging after a time.B) They should become so popular. D) They should cover so many different types.20. A) To break one’s ultimate limits. C) To avoid dangerous mistakes.B) To stop being extremely afraid. D) To enjoy the sports to the full.21. A) By allowing our motivation to be at an all-time high.B) By stopping us hurting the same muscles repeatedly.C) By burning as many as 300 calories per hour.D) By enabling us to get an all-over workout.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is natural.B) It is instrumental.C) It is personal.D) It is vital.23. A) To guard against being perceived negatively. C) To conceal personality preferences.B) To prevent themselves from being isolated. D) To maintain workplace harmony.24. A) It helps to enhance team spirit.B) It stimulates innovative ideas.C) It helps to resolve problems.D) It facilitates policy-making.25. A) An innovative mind.B) Corporate culture.C) Mutual trust.D) A healthy mentality.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on “communicative abstraction” to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use “abstract speech that focuses on the broader pi cture and 26 purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the means of 27 action.” Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.To arrive at this 28 , the researchers examined the linguistic (语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600,000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for 29 40,000 commonly used words in the English language. Words conside red to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as “table” or “chair”. Words that were more 30 to visualize, for example, “justice” or “morality” were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used 31 more abstract language in their blog posts.What is the 32 of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders— that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant (决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers 33 power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a 34 tendency of men or women but rather 35 within specific contexts.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to better work towards long-term goalsA)Hal Hershfield, a psychologist at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, wanted toknow why people weren’t saving for retirement. Across the board, people are living longer.Logically, they’ll need more money to live comfortably in their post-work years. And yet, savings rates in the U.S. have gone down in recent decades, not up.B)To help explain this seemingly irrational behavior, Hershfield and his team scanned thebrains of study participants while asking them to what degree various traits (特征)—like “honorable”or “funny”—applied to their current self, their future self, a current other, or a future other. As participants answered, Hershfield’s team recorded which parts of their brains lit up. Unsurprisingly, people’s brains were most active when thinking about their current selves and least active when thinking about a current other. But the team found that participants’ brain activity while considering their future selves more closely resembled their brain activity while thinking about a current other rather than the current self.C)Put in practical terms, when thinking of yourself in a month or a year or a decade, yourbrain registers that person in ways similar to how it would register Taylor Swift or the mailman. Understood in that way, saving for retirement is the equivalent of giving money away to someone else entirely.D)In light of Hershfield’s study, one simple question arises: Is it possible to make our presentselves give a damn about our future selves? The answers are anything but simple.E)Seen through the lens of the present self versus the future self, our self-defeating actions—like choosing to watch television rather than go to the gym—suddenly make perfect sense.We get to enjoy the very concrete, immediate benefits of our actions while someone else (namely, our future selves) suffers the hypothetical(假设的), far-off consequences. As a result, the decisions we make for our present selves often look very different from our decisions for our future selves. We believe that tomorrow will be different. We believe that we will be different tomorrow; but in doing so, we prioritize our current mood over the consequences of our inaction for the future self.F)Understanding our procrastination (拖延) through the lens of the present and future selves,we’re left with three possible solutions: The first is to force your future self to do whatever your present self doesn’t want to do. The second is to convince your present self that your future self is, in fact, still you. If the central problem is that we think of our future selves as other people, it follows that trying to identify more closely with our future selves will encourage us to make better long-term decisions.G)In a follow-up study, Hershfield wanted to explore ways to bridge the disconnect betweenthe present and future selves and encourage people to save more for retirement. He and his team took photos of study participants, and then used image processing to visually age their faces. Participants were then placed in a virtual reality setting where they could look into a mirror and see their aged selves looking back at them. Participants who saw their aged selves said they would save 30% more of their salary for retirement than the control group.H)Whatever your long-term goals may be—getting in better shape, launching your ownbusiness, writing a book—thinking about your deadline in terms of days rather than months or years can help you wrap your mind around how close the future really is.I)The third solution is to forget about your future self and use your present self’s love ofinstant gratification (满足感) to your advantage. While the two tactics (手段) above can be effective in making better long-term choices, in the end, you’re still struggling againsthuman nature. Our brains are hard-wired for instant gratification. Instead of fighting your present self’s need for immediate rewards, why not use it to your advantage? When most of us set goals, we focus on long-term results we want to see—e.g., losing weight, gettinga promotion, retiring in comfort, etc. While those visions of our future selves can beinspiring, when it comes to actually doing the day-to-day work, it may be more effective to reframe activities in terms of their immediate, or at least very near-term, rewards.J)Take writing this article, for instance. It’s easy for me to imagine how amazing it will feel at the end of the workday to have this article done. This isn’t just my opinion. Research partners Kaitlin Woolley of Cornell University and Ayelet Fishbach of the University of Chicago have made a career out of studying the differences between the goals that people achieve and the ones that fall to the wayside.K)“In one study, we asked people online about the goals they set at the beginning of the year.Most people set goals to achieve delayed, long-term benefits, such as career advancement, debt repayment, or improved health. We asked these individuals how enjoyable it was to pursue their goal, as well as how important their goal was. We also asked whether they were still working on their goals two months after setting them. We found that enjoyment predicted people’s goal persistence two months after setting the goal far more than how important they rated their goal to be,” Woolley said.L)This pattern held true across a wide variety of goals from exercising to studying to eating healthier foods. For example, people ate 50% more of a healthy food when directed to focus on the good taste rather than the long-term health benefits. Other studies have shown a greater uptake of exercise in people who were told to think of the enjoyment of doing the exercise now rather than future health gains.M)These findings suggest that when it comes to achieving your goals, enjoying the process itself is more important than wanting the long-term benefits. In other words, present self trumps (战胜) future self. Who says instant gratification has to be a bad thing? By all means, set ambitious long-term goals for your future self, but when it comes to actually following through day-to-day, make sure your present self knows what’s in it for her too.36. Our brains are genetically determined to satisfy immediate desires.37. Taken in a practical way, saving for post-work years is like giving money away to others.38. Research found that, as regards achievement of one’s goals, it is important to focus more on enjoying the process than the long-term benefits.39. Regarding our future selves as still being ourselves will help us make better long-term decisions.40. Savings rates in America have dropped in recent decades even though people’s life expectancy has increased.41. Researchers found that enjoyment rather than importance enabled people to persist in their goals.42. When making decisions, we give priority to our current frame of mind without thinking much of the consequences.43. People ate more of a healthy food when they focused on its good taste instead of its long-term benefits.44. As was expected, when people thought of their present selves, their brains were observed to become more active.45. Researchers found that participants who saw the images of their aged selves would save more for their later years than those who didn’t.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.People often wonder why some entrepreneurs have greater success than others. Is it habits, connections, luck, work ethic or any other behavior? I believe the key to success is willpower. Willpower is the ability to control yourself. It is a strong determination that allows you to do something difficult. It is a behavior we are born with more than one we learn; however, it is possible to not only learn it, but also strengthen it with constant exercise.Willpower is just like a muscle; to keep it strong you need to constantly exercise it. People with a great amount of willpower have the discipline to develop positive, successful habits. Even with an incredible amount of talent, without the discipline and motivation to create positive habits, it can be difficult to achieve success.Willpower and habits go hand in hand. It is critical to create good habits and take the actions necessary to stick to those habits day in and day out for greater success. Almost half of our daily actions are part of our habits and not decisions, so once the correct habits are in place, you will automatically perform those tasks on a day-today basis.The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It’s easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is somethin g you’re passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don’t contribute to your success and adopt those that do.Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.46. What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?A) Keep it under control. C) Learn from entrepreneurs.B) Apply it continuously. D) Aim at success determinedly.47. How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?A) Out of habit. C) Like muscle building.B) With determination. D) By self-discipline.48. What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?A) Practising it on a day-to-day basis. C) Possessing a reasonable amount of talent.B) Associating it with improving health. D) Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.49. How does the art of self-control help us succeed?A) By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently.B) By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly.C) By enabling us to take positive actions.D) By allowing us to avoid taking risks.50. Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?A) Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control.B) We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.C) Self-control tends to be associated with pains.D) Self-control only brings about small benefits.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Today, most scientific research is funded by government grants, companies doing research and development, and non-profit foundations. As a society, we reap the rewards from this science, but we also help pay for it. You indirectly support science through taxes you pay, products and services you purchase, and donations you make.Funding for science has changed with the times. Historically, science has been largely supported through private patronage(资助), church sponsorship, or simply paying for the research yourself. Today, researchers are likely to be funded by a mix of grants from various government agencies, institutions, and foundations. Other research is funded by private companies. Such corporate sponsorship is widespread in some fields. Almost 75% of U.S. clinical trials in medicine are paid for by private companies. And, of course, some researchers today still fund small-scale studies out of their own pockets. Most of us can’t afford to do nuclear research as a private hobby, but birdwatchers, rock collectors, and others can do real research on a limited budget.In a perfect world, money wouldn’t matter—all scientific studies would be completely objective. But in the real world, funding may introduce biases. Drug research sponsored by the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry is more likely to end up favoring the drug under consideration than studies sponsored by government grants or charitable organizations. Similarly, nutrition research sponsored by the food industry is more likely to end up favoring the food under consideration than independently funded research.So what should we make of all this? Should we ignore any research funded by companies or special interest groups? Certainly not. These groups provide invaluable funding for scientific research. Furthermore, science has many safeguards in place to catch instances of bias that affect research outcomes. Ultimately, misleading results will be corrected as science proceeds; however, this process takes time. Meanwhile, it pays to examine studies funded by industry or special interest groups with extra care. Are the results consistent with other independently funded studies? What do other scientists have to say about this research? A little examination can go a long way towards identifying bias associated with the funding source.51. What does the passage mainly discuss regarding scientific research?A) Its foundation.B) Its rewards.C) Its prospect.D) Its funding.52. What do we learn from the passage about researchers like birdwatchers and rock collectors?A) They have little access to government funding.B) They can do research with limited resources.C) They can do amateur work in their own fields.D) They have no means for large-scale research.53. What would scientific studies look like in a perfect world according to the author?A) They would be totally unbiased.B) They would be independently funded.C) They would be responsibly conducted.D) They would be strictly supervised.54. What does the author say about companies and special interest groups?A) They try hard to pull down the safeguards for research.B) They make extra efforts to research their own products.C) They provide valuable resources for scientific research.D) They reap the most benefits from scientific research.55. What does the author think of research funded by industry or special interest groups?A) Its recommendations should be examined for feasibility.B) Its misleading results should be corrected in time.C) Its validity should be checked with additional care.D) Its hidden biases should be identified independently.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农历（the lunar calendar）起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
2019年6月英语六级第二套听力原文翻译
2019年6月听力第2套Conversation 1W: Hi, my name’s Cathy, nice to meet you.女：嗨，我叫凯西，很开心认识你。
M: nice to meet you too, Cathy. My name’s John. I’m a university friend of the bride. What about you? Who do you know at this party?男：你好，凯西。
我叫约翰。
我是新娘的大学同学，你是？W: I am a colleague of Brenda. I was a little surprised to be invited, to be honest. we’ve only been working together the last six months, but we quickly became good friends. (1) we just wrapped up a project with a difficult client last week. I bet Brenda is glad it’s done with, and she can focus on wedding preparations.女：我是新娘布兰达的同时。
说实话，被邀请参加婚礼我挺意外的。
我们一块儿共事只有半年，但是我们很快成为好朋友啦。
我们上周才结束了一个客户很难缠的项目。
我觉得布兰达一定很开心项目结束了，所以她可以好好地操办婚礼了。
M: oh, yes. so you are the Cathy from the office. Actually, I’ve heard a lot about you in that project, the client sounded like a real nightmare.男：哦是吗，所以你是布兰达公司的凯西。
功夫扇第二套
夕阳美太极功夫扇的动作名称（第二套56式） 第一组 1.白猿献果（起式） 2.金刚撩衣（虚步撩扇）卧似一张弓 3.海底翻花（震脚斗扇）站似一棵松 4.插步云手（云手拨扇）不动不摇坐如钟 5.搂膝拗步（弓步推扇）走如一阵风 6.挑帘推窗（架扇蹬脚）南拳和北腿 7.哪吒探海（独立劈扇）少林武当功 8.大蟒翻身（回身崩扇）太极八卦连环掌 9.弯弓射虎（举扇冲拳）中华有神功 第二组 10.古树盘根（歇步带扇）卧似一张弓 11.雏燕凌空（点步亮扇）站似一棵松 12.天女散花（歇步云抱）不动不摇坐如钟 13.燕子抄水（弓步下截）走如一阵风 14.怀中抱月（抱扇弹踢）南拳和北腿 15.顺水推舟（弓步推扇）少林武当功 16.白蛇吐信（劈扇探掌）太极八卦连环掌 17.武松脱烤（舞花击扇）中华有神功 第三组 18.力扫千军（转身云扫）棍扫一大片 19.白虎搅尾（弓步扎扇）枪挑一条线 20.青龙回首（叉步后崩）身轻好似云中燕 21.推窗望月（背扇推掌）我们豪气冲云天 22.二郎推山（马步跨肘）外练筋骨皮 23.坐马提缰（马步推山扇）内练一口气 24.狮子滚球（插步反撩）钢柔并进不低头 25.常娥舒袖（望月亮扇）我们心中有天地 26怀抱乾坤.（转身抱扇）（过门） 27.白猿献果（转身捧扇）（过门） 第四组 28..古树盘根（歇步带扇）卧似一张弓 29..雏燕凌空（点步亮扇）站似一棵松 30..天女散花（歇步云抱）不动不摇坐如钟 31..燕子抄水（弓步下截）走如一阵风 32..怀中抱月（抱扇弹踢）南拳和北腿 33..顺水推舟（弓步推扇）少林武当功 34..白蛇吐信（劈扇探掌）太极八卦连环掌 35..武松脱烤（舞花击扇）中华有神功 第五组 36.蜻蜓点水（云扇前点）清风剑在手 37.风卷残云（弓步劈扇）双刀就看走 38.掩手肱捶（掩手推扇）行家功夫一出手 39.金鸡抖翎（马步撑扇）他就知道有没有 40.蹬一跟（崩掌蹬脚）手似两扇门 41.翻花舞袖（跳步劈扇）脚下是一条根 42.鹞子束身（背手后撩）四方水土养育了 43.燕子入云（点步上刺）我们中华武术魂 44.披身伏虎（弓步崩扇）（过门） 45.霸王扬旗（歇步亮扇）（过门） 46.怀抱乾坤（开立抱扇）（过门） 第六组 47.野马分鬃（共步分靠）东方一条龙 48.手挥琵琶（虚步抱扇）儿女是英雄 49.如封似闭（共步平推）天高地远八面风 50.仆步分扇（分掌下势）中华有神功 51.独立跨虎（举腿挑扇）东方一条龙 52.转身摆莲（摆腿拍脚）儿女是英雄 53.当头炮（撞拳撩扇）天高地远八面风 54.白鹤亮翅（虚步亮扇）中华有神功 55.白猿献果（并步抱扇）中华有神功 56.收势（垂手还原）。
第二套广播体操《时代在召唤
2、弓步练习。上体要正直，后腿要蹬直。
3、侧上举练习。要充分伸展，手臂注意经前路线，两臂的开度不要太大。
25
结
束ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
部
分
1放松运动：
1)手臂放松2)腿部放松3）跳跃放松。
2小结本课：
3宣布下次课教学内容和课外练习内容。
8╳
4
5
小
结
心
率
曲
线
预
计
脉搏（次/分）
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
010203040时间（分）
2教学要求：手臂、上下侧要伸直、边示范边提要求。
3教学方法：学生听口令集体练习。
4教学组织：四列横队成体操队形站。（同上）
8拍
╳
4
7
基
本
部
分
《时代在召唤》（第3次课35分钟）
（一）动作名称：扩胸运动。
（二）教学任务：学习广播体操《时代在召唤》第4节动作和复习第1-3节动作。
（三）教学要求：
胸前平屈、向上伸臂要有力度，前后移动重心要平稳，扩胸后振时与肩要平，四肢配合要协调一致。
练习密度预计
38%
第二课时
教
学
内
容
第二套广播体操《时代在召唤》
教
学
任
务
学习广播体操《时代在召唤》第2、3节动作和复习第1节动作。
部分
教学内容、组织、方法、要求
次数
时间
开
绐
部
分
1体育委员整队，检查人数，向教师报告。€€€€€€€€€€
2师生问好！€€€€€€€€€€
3宣布教学任务、检查服装、报数。€€€€€€€€€€
第二套全国中学生系列广播体操
（四）教学重点：
胸前平屈、向上伸臂要有力度，前后移动重心要平稳。
（五）教学难点：
扩胸后振时与肩要平，四肢配合要协调一致。
（六）教学手段：
1）复习第1-3节动作。 2）第4节动作分解动作练习。
3）第4、5节动作完整动作练习。 4）听口令或音乐练习。
2师生问好！€€€€€€€€€€
3宣布教学任务、检查服装、报数。€€€€€€€€€€
4队列练习：立正、稍息、看齐、报数。€€€€€€€€€€
5教学组织：成四列横队。
€
3
准
备
部
分
1准备活动。
１、扩胸运动２、振背运动 ３、体侧运动 ４、肩绕环运动 ５、踢腿运动 ６、腹背运动 ７、膝关节运动 ８、踝腕关运动 ９、压腿运动 １０、跳跃运动
25
结
束
部
分
1放松运动：
1)手臂放松 2)腿部放松 3）跳跃放松。
2小结本课：
3宣布下次课教学内容和课外练习内容。
8╳
4
5
小结
心
率
曲
线
预
计
脉搏（次/分）
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
0 10 20 30 40时间（分）
练习密度预计
38 %
第四课时
教
学
内
容
第二套广播体操《时代在召唤》
教
学
任务Leabharlann 学习广播体操《时代在召唤》第5节动作和复习第1-4节动作。
8╳
4
5
小
结
康姿百德健身操(第二套)动作要领及配套音乐
前平分掌手向前伸直（掌心向上）→手向两侧转半圈（分掌、回掌）（分掌时掌心向下、回掌时掌心向上至向前伸直状态）→手缩回抱胸
上下双摆手手向上4摆（先左后右）、向下4摆（先左后右）
曲肘侧平双手移至胸前（掌心向上、指尖相对）→手向左右拉伸（掌心向上）
注意：一整套所有动作起步、换节都在左脚。整套健身操要求，头正、颈直，挺胸、收腹。
双臂后环前（双手伸直高至胸前）、至胸前时双手向两侧半圆打圈（形似∩∩）、后（双手在体侧向后摆动）、前（双手在体侧向前摆动高至胸前）
上下交叉两手向上交叉（×）、中（←→）、下（×）、中（←→）
振臂摆动手前后上、下摆动
第二节：肩部运动（音乐：又见艳阳天）
曲肘耸肩两手握拳在胸前耸肩
侧平耸肩两臂向两侧伸直耸肩
按肩上举拍肩→上举（掌心相对）→拍肩→下垂
按肩上侧平拍肩→上举（掌心相对）→拍肩→两侧平伸直
前曲侧上握拳斜对→上下斜侧伸直
前平侧平前（掌心相对）→侧（掌心向下）→前→下（两侧）
前平扩胸前（掌心相对）→侧（掌心方向不变）
揉肩侧平拍肩→向两侧平向伸展（掌心向上）
第七节:拍打运动（音乐：新龙船调）
手心手背双手在胸前（掌心向上）、交替拍手
侧曲耸肩两手指尖压在肩上耸肩
压掌耸肩两手下伸（指尖相对、掌心向下）耸肩
碰腕压掌两手下伸手腕相碰（耸肩）→两指尖相对（掌运动（音乐：幸福香巴拉）
前平侧摆两手向前伸直侧摆（两手掌左右摆动）
曲肘侧摆两手握拳对接、肘一上一下侧摆
左右反掌一手插腰（先右后左）、一手伸直（先左后右）上下翻掌4次
侧平摆臂握拳向上左右摇摆（摇摆时一手曲肘一手伸直）
抱头侧摆两手（手指交叉连接）抱头后脑摆动
第二套健身腰鼓规定套路动作说明手册
第二套健身腰鼓规定套路动作说明手册
一、开场引子
第1拍：左脚向左迈出，马步蹲，同时双手面前交叉分别打两侧
鼓面。
（如图01）
第2拍：原地马步蹲，同时打两侧鼓面。
第3拍：脚不变，身体的重心移向左腿，形成左弓右箭步，同时
左手向左斜上方甩绸：右手打右鼓面。
（如图02）
第4拍：脚不变，身体的重心由左腿移到右腿，形成右弓左箭步，同时右手向右斜上方甩绸，左手收回打右鼓面。
（如图03）第5拍：左脚不动，右脚向后撤步，形成前弓步后箭步，同时右
手向下打右鼓面甩后，左手向前甩绸。
（如图04）
第6拍：脚和腿的重心不变，右手由下向前上方甩绸，左手收回
打右边的鼓面。
（如图05）
第7-8拍：小碎步向前跑队形，同时两手打右鼓面。
（如图06）第9-10拍：左脚踏向右脚前，双腿并拢立起，同时右手打右鼓
面甩后，左手向前上方甩绸。
（如图07）（1×10拍）二二二二、、、、二、单跳缠腰步
第1-4拍：做两个小跳步（左脚顺着右脚抬起，左脚吸在右膝盖
的位置，然后放下，同时右手打右鼓面，左手向前斜上方甩绸）。
（如图08、09）（注：拍手的重心，在落左脚和甩左绸）
第5拍：左脚向左迈出马步，同时两手由下向上划开打两边的
鼓面。
（如图10）
1。
烟台第二套有氧健身操(操普)
烟台第二套快乐舞步有氧健身操
——《大海的梦想》
第一节、热身运动 1、摆臂行进 2、摆臂踢腿 3、直臂行进 4、摆臂侧平
第二节、上肢运动 1、直臂侧平 2、侧平绕环 3、曲臂上举 4、上举侧平
第三节、肩部运动 1、曲臂交叉 2、曲臂侧平 3、前直侧平 4、曲臂提肩
第四节、扩胸运动 1、后肩扩胸 2、平曲扩胸 3、直臂扩胸 4、拉弓扩胸
第五节、腰腹运动 1、前曲下摆 2、脱手摆动 3、后曲上举 4、直驱护劲
第六节、自由运动 1、翻腕点步 2、交叉点步 3、侧平点步 4、上摆点步
第七节、手指运动 1、斜侧抓手 2、曲臂拍手 3、前后抓手 4、侧躯抓手
第八节、足部运动 1、平身曲臂 2、合掌腰摆 3、直臂护劲 4、叉腰垫步
第九节、胯摆运动 1、平曲翻腕 2、直臂合掌 3、单曲翻腕 4、直臂护劲
第十节、体侧运动 1、上举摆手 2、曲臂腰摆 3、护劲摇摆 4、平曲摇摆
第十一节、下肢运动 1、空拳摆手 2、平曲竖拳 3、曲直点地 4、竖拳抬腿
第十二节、整理运动 1、行进推手 2、行进侧摆 3、行进留手 4、行进拍手。
第二套人民币大全套
第二套人民币大全（藏易购整理首发）第二人民币共有1分、2分、5分、1角、2角和5角、1元、2元、3元，5元、10元11种面额，其中5角分为有水印与无水印两个版本；1元分黑色天安门与红色天安门两种；5元分红版5元，黄版5元及海鸥水印5元3种，其余的面额均只有一个版别。
第二套人民币纸币共有11种不同的面值，16种不同的版别，其中分币采用平版印制技术，角券正面采用凹印，背面使用平印印制技术。
元券正、背面采用凹印印制技术，具有版纹深、墨层厚，容易识别的特点，纸质相对第三套人民币纸币较厚。
第二套人民币纸币的流通时间约10年左右，53年版，从55年3月1日发行，约在64年开始银行只收不付；56年版，约在62年发行，在70年代回收。
其中值得一提的便是第二版的钞王大黑拾，存世量少，苏版印刷，早就大黑拾的高收藏价值。
而三元的人民币在人民币历史上可是独此一家的，加上其有周总理的关注，以及苏联老大哥的临时毁约，一切的因素造就了苏三元的历史地位。
藏易购小编为各位看官整理了一下各个面值的图片与故事：一分：【藏品名称】第二套人民币53年壹分长号码【藏品类别】人民币单张【发行时间】1955年3月1日【藏品面值】1分【正面图案】解放牌汽车主茶色【背面图案】花符、国徽及汉、蒙、维、藏文字主茶色【票面尺寸】90x42.5mm【印刷工艺】胶印四色【印刷单位】天津印钞厂【发行单位】中国人民银行1955年3月1日公布发行的第二套人民币共10种，1分、2分、3分、1角、2角、5角、1元、2元、3元和5元，1957年12月1日又发行10元1 种。
同时，为便于流通，国务院发布命令自1957年12月1日起发行1分、2分、5分三种硬币，与纸分币等值流通。
后来，对1元纸币和5元纸币的图案、花纹又分别进行了调整和更换颜色，于1961年3月25日和1962年4月20日分别发行了黑色1元券和棕色5元券，使第二套人民币的版别分别由开始公布的11种增加到16种。
高电压技术第二套作业答案
第2套您已经通过该套作业,请参看正确答案1、架空输电线路防护直击雷的主要措施是装设().A.避雷器B.避雷针C.电阻D.避雷线参考答案：D您的答案：D2、波在线路上传播，当末端短路时，以下关于反射描述正确的是（）。
A．电流为0，电压增大一倍B．电压为0，电流增大一倍C．电流不变，电压增大一倍D．电压不变，电流增大一倍参考答案：B您的答案：B3、下列表述中，对波阻抗描述不正确的是（）。
A．波阻抗是前行波电压与前行波电流之比B．对于电源来说波阻抗与电阻是等效的C．线路越长，波阻抗越大D．波阻抗的大小与线路的几何尺寸有关参考答案：C您的答案：C4、减少绝缘介质的介电常数可以______电缆中电磁波的传播速度。
A．降低B．提高C．不改变D．不一定参考答案：B您的答案：B5、两个不同波阻抗Z1和Z2的长线相连于A点,当直角电流波长从Z2上入射,传递至A点时将发生折射与反射.则电流的反射系数βi为（）A. B.C. D.参考答案：B您的答案：B6、输电线路的波阻抗的大小与线路的长度（）。
A．成正比B．成反比C．无关D．不确定参考答案：C您的答案：C7、雷击线路附近大地时,当线路高10m，雷击点距线路100m，雷电流幅值40KA，线路上感应雷过电压最大值U G约为（）A．25Kv B. 50Kv C.100Kv D. 200Kv参考答案：C您的答案：C8、根据我国有关标准，220kV线路的绕击耐雷水平是（）A．12kA B．16kAC．80kA D．120kA参考答案：A您的答案：A9、在发电厂和变电站中，对直击雷的保护通常采用哪几种方式？（）A．避雷针B．避雷线C．并联电容器D．接地装置参考答案：A, B您的答案：A, B10、以下属于操作过电压的是（）。
A．工频电压升高B．电弧接地过电压C．变电所侵入波过电压D．铁磁谐振过电压参考答案：B您的答案：B11、空载线路合闸的时候，可能产生的最大过电压为（）。
A．1.5B．2C．3 D.4参考答案：C您的答案：C12、单相变压器绕组在受到过电压作用的瞬间可等值为一个（）。
第二套(1956年版)教科书目录
3.暑假日记
4.最重要的是工作
5.开国大典
6.民歌无首
7.公约
8.变
9.灾年变丰年
10.“安二”型飞机
11.写作要有中心
12.平型关大捷
13.寓言四则
14.会议记录
15.古诗四首
16.劳动的开端
17.我的伯父鲁迅先生
18.不平凡的星期天
19.老孟泰的故事
20.在三门峡工地山
第四册
1.帝国主义和一切反动派都是纸老虎
12.冲破乌江天险
13.金色的鱼钩
14.非凡的四十分钟
15.岛上的姑娘
16.舍己为人
17.苏联人民给了我新的双手
18.盐碱地上稻花香
19.契机的创造
20.一个善于宰牛的人
21.孔明借箭
22.唐诗四首
23.十果树
24.图书管理员
25.工地的雪夜
26.凡卡
27.罂粟为什么开红花
28.夜莺之歌
第三册
1.要珍惜幸福的学习生活
1.我们的教室
2.用心学习
3.两个好朋友
4.皮球浮上来了
5.乌鸦喝水
6.两朵花
7.老婆婆
8.一支铅笔
9.上学和回家的路
10.春风
11.种向日葵
12.燕子
13.养猪
14.孵小鸡
15.养小鸭
16.除四害
17.灭蝇队
18.你做到了吗
19.请假条
20.毛主席来到我的家
21.北京
22.“五一”国际劳动节
23.吃水不忘打井人
24.全国人民齐动手
25.还是人又办法
26.大家都有本领
27.铁有什么用处
28.武汉长江大桥
第二套
第2套一、选择题(从所列的备选答案中选出一个，多选为错)1．“要么p，要么q”与“或者p，或者q”这两个命题形式，它们含有（）A．相同的逻辑常项，相同的变项B．相同的逻辑常项，不同的变项C．不同的逻辑常项，相同的变项D．不同的逻辑常项，不同的变项E．相同的语言表达形式2．下列各组概念具有交叉关系的是（）A．机关；学校B．小麦；农作物C．企业；工厂D．大学生；共产党员E．教师；学生3 ．“我最爱阅读外国文学作品，英国的、法国的、古典的，我都爱读。
”这以陈述在逻辑上犯了哪项错误？（）A．划分外国文学作品的标准混乱，前者是按国别的，后者是按时代的。
B．外国文学作品，没有按究竟是诗歌、小说还是戏剧等。
C．没有说最喜好什么。
D．没有说是外文原版还是翻译本。
E．在“古典的”后面，没有紧接着指出“现代的”。
4．在“知识分子是国家的宝贵财富”和“大学教师是知识分子”这两个命题中，“知识分子”（）A．都是集合概念B．都是非集合概念C．前者是集合概念，后者是非集合概念D．前者是非集合概念，前者是集合概念5．金属是导电的物质，分为贵重金属（如金、银）和一般金属（如铜、铁）。
上述语句中划横线的部分，对于“金属”这个概念来说（）A．明确了内涵，但没有明确外延B．没有明确内涵，但明确了外延C．明确了内涵，并且明确了外延D．没有明确内涵，并且没有明确外延6．“森林”和“树木”，这两个概念是（）A．交叉关系B．属种关系C．矛盾关系D．对立关系E．既非矛盾关系，也非对立的不相容关系。
7．下列各组概念中，具有属种关系的是：（）（1）对象的本质属性——对象的固有属性（2）相容关系——属种关系（3）亚洲——中国（4）美国人——美国黑人A．（1）、（2）、(3)和（4）B．仅（1）和（3）C．仅（2）和（4）D．仅（1）、（3）和（4）E．（1）、（2）、（3）和（4）都不是8．“有作案动机”和“有作案行为”之间是什么关系？（）A．前者是后者的充分条件B．前者是后者的必要条件C．前者是后者的充分必要条件D．前者和后者不构成条件关系(注：若C成立，则A和B自然同时成立。
2023年3月六级真题第二套
2023年3月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “People are now increasingly aware of the challenges in making a decision when facedwith too many choices.”You can make comments, cite examples or use your personalexperiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 说明：由于2023年3月六级考试全国只考了一套听力，本套真题听力与第一套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
第二套人民币硬币的版别
第⼆套⼈民币硬币的版别第⼆套⼈民币硬币的版别在第⼆套⼈民币主币印制发⾏期间，我国铸造发⾏了1分、2分、5分⾦属辅币。
这套⾦属辅币被称为第⼆套⼈民币硬币、新中国第⼀套流通硬币或1955年版流通硬币，俗称硬分币。
硬分币⾃发⾏到2013年，流通时间已长达50多年。
现在，硬分币的流通功能逐渐减弱，收藏功能⽇益强化，版别问题成了众多收藏爱好者的议题，版别研究也随之⽇渐细化深化。
本⼈曾在2000年初版和2001年修订版《中国流通硬币》中，对硬分币的铸造、发⾏和收藏情况作了介绍，本⽂再结合近10多年来的硬分币铸造发⾏的新情况和钱界研究的新成果，专题阐述对硬分币版别的看法。
⼀、硬分币版别的判定原则硬分币的版别判定与⼈民币纸币的版别判定有相同处也有不同处。
⼈民币纸币版别的较⼤调整尤其是年号更换，可见于发⾏公告，⽽硬分币不能通过公告作出版别判定。
硬分币只见最初发⾏公告。
1957年11⽉20⽇，中国⼈民银⾏通告：“奉中华⼈民共和国国务院命令，本⾏⾃1957年12⽉1⽇发⾏⾦属分币（简称硬币），硬币的种类、形状和图案如下：硬币计有壹分、贰分、伍分三种，都是银⽩⾊，圆形。
壹分币直径1.8公分，贰分币直径2.1公分，伍分币直径2.4公分，周边有细丝齿。
正⾯图案：三枚硬币图案都⼀样，中部是国徽，国徽上⽅有‘中华⼈民共和国’字样。
背⾯图案：中部分别是‘壹分’、‘贰分’、‘伍分’⼆字，字的周围是麦穗图案，上⽅分别有阿拉伯数字‘1’、‘2’、‘5’。
下⽅有铸造年号。
”此通告⼀直沿⽤⾄今。
由于硬分币铸造发⾏时间长，⽣产批次多，涉及到年号更换、图案字体变化、材质配⽐调整、制作⼯艺不同、模版初制和连续铸造的差别等，形成了币品之间的差异，由此产⽣对版别的不同认识。
因此，研究和判定硬分币版别，⾸先必须确定基本原则。
硬分币版别判定的基本原则可参照第⼀套⼈民币版别判定的基本原则来确定。
1988年，中国⼈民银⾏为纪念建⾏40周年⽽出版《⼈民币图册》时，商定了判定版别的三条原则：（⼀）凡经国务院批准，并由中国⼈民银⾏在《⼈民⽇报》上公告发⾏的才算，否则不算。
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五年级第一学期体育与健康教学内容安排
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