EIGRP和RIP单播实验

EIGRP和RIP单播实验
试验拓扑图如下:
根据拓扑图，做好相应基本配置并启用EIGRP协议
一
RA(config)#router eigrp 99
RA(config-router)#passive-int s1/0
*Aug 8 03:25:24.827: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 99: Neighbor 12.1.1.2 (Seria l1/0) is down: interface passive
RA#show ip eig nei
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 99
将RTA的s1/0接口被动掉并查看邻居表，发现此时邻居表为空，即A丢失与B的邻居关系，为了得到更详细的信息，查看一下Hello包的发送情况RA#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
RA#
*Aug 8 03:27:51.179: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:27:51.179: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:27:51.179: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:27:51.179: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:27:51.179: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
RA#
*Aug 8 03:27:55.747: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:27:55.747: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:27:55.747: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:27:55.747: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:27:55.747: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
发现此时RTA在接口s1/0上既不能发送也不能接受Hello包，测试一下RTA到RTB环回接口的连通性
RA#ping 2.2.2.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
二：对此思考如果此时在RTA上的s1/0接口上为其指定邻居后是否能使邻居关系重新建立起来
RA(config)#router eigrp 99
RA(config-router)#nei 12.1.1.2 s1/0
RB#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 99
查看邻居表后发现邻居关系依然没有建立起来，再查看一下Hello包的发送情况
RA#debug eig pack
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
RA#
*Aug 8 03:34:02.975: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:34:02.975: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:34:02.979: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:34:02.979: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:34:02.979: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
RA#
*Aug 8 03:34:07.295: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:34:07.295: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:34:07.299: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:34:07.299: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:34:07.299: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
结果同上次一样，在RTA的接口S1/0上依然没有任何Hello包的发送与接收，考虑到是否需要同时在RTB上也为相应端口指定邻居
RB(config)#router eig 99
RB(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.1 s2/0
RB#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 99
查看RTB的邻居表发现为空，邻居关系还是没能建立起来，查看Hello包的发送情况
RB#debug eigrp packet
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
RB#
*Aug 8 03:46:43.027: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial2/0 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:46:43.027: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
RB#
*Aug 8 03:46:44.839: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:46:44.839: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:46:44.839: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 2.2.2.2
*Aug 8 03:46:44.839: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:46:44.839: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
RB#
*Aug 8 03:46:47.687: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial2/0 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:46:47.687: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
发现虽然此时RTB仍然收不到RTA发送过来的Hello包，但它发往RTA的Hello包由多播发送变为了单播发送，同时，也得出结论，无论是否为路由器接口指定邻居，只要该接口被动掉以后，将不能发送也不能接受Hello包，邻居关系永远不可能建立起来。

三：将RTA上s1/0端口的被动取消掉，看看此时是否能将邻居关系建立起来。

RA(config)#router eigrp 99
RA(config-router)#no passive-interface s1/0
RA#show ip eig nei
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 99。

发现邻居关系此时已经建立起来，为了探明究竟，查看一下Hello包的发送情况
RA#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
RA#
*Aug 8 03:52:24.715: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial1/0 nbr 12.1.1.2
*Aug 8 03:52:24.715: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:52:25.547: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial1/0 nbr 12.1.1.2
*Aug 8 03:52:25.547: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
RA#
*Aug 8 03:52:27.195: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:52:27.195: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:52:27.195: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:52:27.195: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:52:27.195: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
RTA的s1/0口开始正常接收与发送Hello包了，但不同的是，此时发送的是单播而非多播，为此得出结论，在接口没有被动掉的情况下，为相邻路由器接口分别指定邻居可以以单播方式将邻居关系建立起来，同时又有疑问了，如果只在一台路由器上指明邻居而另一台路由器上不指明呢。

四：将为RTA上s1/0端口指定的邻居取消
RA(config)#router eigrp 99
RA(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.2 s1/0
RA#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 99
RTA的邻居表后发现又变为空了，邻居关系再次丢失，查看一下Hello包的发送情况，是否还有Hello包发送出去或是接收进来。

RA#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
*Aug 8 03:57:51.199: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 03:57:51.199: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 03:57:51.199: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1
*Aug 8 03:57:51.199: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:57:51.199: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
*Aug 8 03:57:51.427: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial1/0
*Aug 8 03:57:51.427: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
RA#
*Aug 8 03:57:53.587: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial1/0 nbr 12.1.1.2
*Aug 8 03:57:53.587: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 03:57:53.587: EIGRP: Ignore unicast Hello from Serial1/0 12.1.1.2
RTA这时以多播方式发送Hello包，同时也能接收RTB发送过来的Hello包，所不同的是将收到的单播包忽略掉了，那RTA以多播发送到RTB的Hello包是否也会被RTB忽略掉呢？RB#debug eigrp packets
EIGRP Packets debugging is on
(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUE RY, SIAREPLY)
*Aug 8 04:00:09.771: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial2/0 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Aug 8 04:00:09.771: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 04:00:09.771: EIGRP: Ignore multicast Hello Serial2/0 12.1.1.1
RB#
*Aug 8 04:00:12.179: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial2/0 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Aug 8 04:00:12.179: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 04:00:12.379: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0
*Aug 8 04:00:12.379: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0
*Aug 8 04:00:12.379: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 2.2.2.2
*Aug 8 04:00:12.379: AS 99, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0
*Aug 8 04:00:12.379: EIGRP: Packet from ourselves ignored
RTB将接收到RTB以多播发送的Hello包忽略掉了。

由此得出EIGRP只有在邻居同时以单播或多播发送Hello包时才能将邻居关系建立起来。

同样以上面拓扑图，与RIP单播的比较。

RA(config)#router rip
RA(config-router)#passive-int s1/0 将接口s1/0被动掉
RA#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
*Aug 8 02:53:15.775: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (1.1.1.1) *Aug 8 02:53:15.775: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:53:15.775: network 2.0.0.0 metric 2
*Aug 8 02:53:15.775: network 12.0.0.0 metric 1
RA#
*Aug 8 02:53:33.799: RIP: received v1 update from 12.1.1.2 on Serial1/0
*Aug 8 02:53:33.799: 2.0.0.0 in 1 hops
此时只接收更新信息
RA(config)#router rip
RA(config-router)#nei
RA(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.2 为RA指定邻居 12.1.1.2
RA#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
*Aug 8 02:55:22.967: RIP: received v1 update from 12.1.1.2 on Serial1/0
*Aug 8 02:55:22.967: 2.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RA#
*Aug 8 02:55:29.119: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (1.1.1.1) *Aug 8 02:55:29.119: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:55:29.119: network 2.0.0.0 metric 2
*Aug 8 02:55:29.119: network 12.0.0.0 metric 1
RA#
*Aug 8 02:55:45.799: RIP: sending v1 update to 12.1.1.2 via Serial1/0 (12.1.1.1)
*Aug 8 02:55:45.799: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:55:45.799: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1
以单播发送更新信息同时接收更新信息
RA(config)#router rip
RA(config-router)#no passive-int s1/0 将接口s1/0被动取消
RA#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
*Aug 8 02:58:44.335: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (1.1.1.1) *Aug 8 02:58:44.335: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:58:44.335: network 2.0.0.0 metric 2
*Aug 8 02:58:44.335: network 12.0.0.0 metric 1
RA#
*Aug 8 02:59:02.955: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1/0 (12.1.1.1) *Aug 8 02:59:02.955: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:59:02.955: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1
*Aug 8 02:59:02.955: RIP: sending v1 update to 12.1.1.2 via Serial1/0 (12.1.1.1)
*Aug 8 02:59:02.955: RIP: build update entries
*Aug 8 02:59:02.955: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1
RA#
*Aug 8 02:59:07.487: RIP: received v1 update from 12.1.1.2 on Serial1/0
*Aug 8 02:59:07.487: 2.0.0.0 in 1 hops
同时以单播和多播发送更新信息
结论：
EIGRP：
∙无论是否为路由器接口指定邻居，只要该接口被动掉以后，将不能发送也不能接受He llo包，邻居关系永远不可能建立起来
∙在接口没有被动掉的情况下，为相邻路由器接口分别指定邻居可以以单播方式将邻居关系建立起来
RIP：
∙只将接口被动掉后只收不发更新包
∙将接口被动掉同时为其指定邻居后将以单播方式发送更新包同时接收更新包
∙只为接口指定邻居将同时以单播和多播形式发送更新包同时接收更新包
该结论对RIP1和RIP2都适用
转自：/viewthread.php?tid=5656&page=1。