色谱术语大全

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有关色谱图的一些术语

有关色谱图的一些术语

从各种色谱仪(包括毛细管电泳仪)上得到的色谱图横坐标均为与流动相有关的信息,一般为流动相流动时间或流动相流出体积;纵坐标均为与流动相中被分离组分含量有关的信息,一般为检测器的响应值。

因此,从每一张色谱图上可以得到每个色谱峰的流出时间(或出峰时流动相流出体积)和该色谱峰在检测器上的响应强度这两个基本信息(数据)。

根据这两个基本信息,结合其他一些方法,就可以对这一色谱峰进行定性和定量的分析。

为了规范色谱图中出现的一些术语,国家标准局制定了有关色谱图的一些术语,现介绍如下:1.色谱图(chromatogram):色谱柱流出物通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号对时间或流动相流出体积的曲线图(见图)。

2.(色谱)峰[(chromatographic)peak]:色谱柱流出组分通过检测器系统时产生的响应信号的微分曲线。

3.峰底(peak base):从峰的起点与终点之间的连接直线(见图中的CD)。

4.峰高( h)(peak height):从峰高最大值到峰底的距离(见图中的BE)。

5.峰宽(W)(peak height):在峰两侧拐点(见图中的F,G)处所作切线与峰底相交两点间的距离(见图中的KL)。

6.半高峰宽(Wh/2)(peak width at half height:通过峰高的中点作平行于峰底的直线,此直线与峰两侧相交两点间的距离(见图中的HJ)。

7.峰面积(A)(peak area):峰与峰底之间的面积(见图中的CHEJDC)。

8.拖尾峰(tailing peak):后沿较前沿平缓的不对称峰。

9.前伸峰(leading peak):前沿较后沿平缓的不对称峰。

10.假峰(ghost peak):并非由试样所产生的峰。

11.畸峰(distorted peak):形状不对称的峰,如拖尾峰、前伸峰。

12.基线(haseline):在正常操作条件下仅有流动相通过检测器系统时产生的响应信号的曲线。

13.基线漂移(baseline drift):基线随时间定向的缓慢变化。

第二节 色谱分析的基本术语

第二节 色谱分析的基本术语

图中O’A’
2. 保留时间(tR)

指组分从进样开始到柱后出现浓度 最大值时所需要的时间。
保留时间取决于色谱过程的热力学因
素,在一定色谱体系和操作条件下,任何 一种化合物都有一个确定的保留时间,这 是色谱定性分析的依据。
图中O’B
3. 调整保留时间(t’R)

指扣除死时间后的保留时间。

t’R= tR- t0
ux u R.......... ......(2)
ms m M ms m M k 1 (3) mM mM mM
(3)代入(1)得 mM 1 R .......... .......( ) 4 mS mM k 1
又:试样通过柱子所时间: 需
tR
L ux L u

(七)几种色谱参数间的关系

设:柱中流动相的流速为 u
试样分子X的平均线速为 ux 色谱柱柱长为 L
试样分子X分配到流动相的分数为 R

mM mM R .......... ..........1) ( m总 m S m M

显然,ux的大小取决于样品分子X分配在
流动相中的分数R和流动相的线速度u,即:
' t R t0 t R tR k 1 .......... ........( ) 7 t0 t0 t0
(7) 式提供了从色谱图上直接计算分配比 (k) 的方法。 它指出 k 是组分的调整保留时间与死时间之比。
(八)色谱基本保留方程
VR VM KVS

自己推导 此方程
分配系数不同的各组分具有不同的 保留值,因而在色谱图上有不同位置的 色谱峰。 VS: 固定相的体积 VM: 流动相的体积

色谱术语中英对照

色谱术语中英对照

1、气相色谱法(GC)—gas chromatography用气体做为流动相的色法。

2、气液色谱法(GLC)—gas liquid chromatography 将固定液涂在载体上作为固定相的气相色谱法。

3、气固色谱法(GSC)—gas solid chromatography 用固体(一般指吸附剂)作固定相的气相色谱法。

4、程序升温气相色谱法—programmed temperature gas chromatography 色谱柱按照预定的程序连续地或分阶段地进升温的气相色谱法。

5、反应气相色谱法—reaction gas chromatography 试样以过色谱前、后的反应区进行化学反应的气相色谱法。

6、裂解气相色谱法—pyrolysis gas chromatography 试样经过高温、激光、电弧等途径,裂解为较小分子后进入色谱柱的气相色谱法。

7、顶空报相色谱法—haed (应为head -编者注)space gas chromatography d在密闭的容器中与液体(或)固体)试样处于势力学平衡(应为热力学平衡 -编者注)状态的气相组分,是间接测定试样中挥发性组分的一种方法。

8、毛细管气相色谱法—capillary gas chromatography 使用具有高分离效能的毛细管柱的气相色谱法。

9、多维气相色谱法—multidimensional gas chromatography 将两个或多个色谱柱组合,通过切换,可进行正吹、反吹或切割等的气相色谱法。

10、制备气相色谱法—preparative gas chromatography 用能处理较大量试样的色谱系统,进行分离、切割和收集组分,以提纯化全物的气相色谱法。

11、色谱柱:chromatographic column内有固定相用以分离混合组分的柱管。

12、填充柱:packed cklumn (应为column-编者注)填充了固定相的色谱柱。

色谱术语中英文对照

色谱术语中英文对照

色谱字典(术语大全)中文英文色谱图c h r o m a t o g r a m色谱峰c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c p e a k峰底p e a k b a s e峰高h,p e a k h e i g h t峰宽W,p e a k w i d t h半高峰宽W h/2,p e a k w i d t h a t h a l f h e i g h t峰面积A,p e a k a r e a拖尾峰t a i l i n g a r e a前伸峰l e a d i n g a r e a假峰g h o s t p e a k畸峰d i s t o r t e d p e a k反峰n e g a t i v e p e a k拐点i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t原点o r i g i n斑点s p o t区带z o n e复班m u l t i p l e s p o t区带脱尾z o n e t a i l i n g基线b a s e l i n e基线漂移b a s e l i n e d r i f t基线噪声N,b a s e l i n e n o i s e统计矩m o m e n t一阶原点矩γ1,f i r s t o r i g i n m o m e n t二阶中心矩μ2,s e c o n d c e n t r a l m o m e n t三阶中心矩μ3,t h i r d c e n t r a l m o m e n t液相色谱法l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,L C液液色谱法l i q u i d l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,L L C 液固色谱法l i q u i d s o l i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,L S C 正相液相色谱法n o r m a l p h a s e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y反相液相色谱法r e v e r s e d p h a s e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y,R P L C柱液相色谱法l i q u i d c o l u m n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y高效液相色谱法h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y,H P L C尺寸排除色谱法s i z e e x c l u s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,S E C凝胶过滤色谱法g e l f i l t r a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y凝胶渗透色谱法g e l p e r m e a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,G P C亲和色谱法a f f i n i t y c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子交换色谱法i o n e x c h a n g e c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,I E C 离子色谱法i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子抑制色谱法i o n s u p p r e s s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子对色谱法i o n p a i r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y疏水作用色谱法h y d r o p h o b i c i n t e r a c t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a p h y制备液相色谱法p r e p a r a t i v e l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y 平面色谱法p l a n a r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y纸色谱法p a p e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y薄层色谱法t h i n l a y e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y,T L C高效薄层色谱法h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y,H P T L C浸渍薄层色谱法i m p r e g n a t e d t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y凝胶薄层色谱法g e l t h i n l a y e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子交换薄层色谱法i o n e x c h a n g e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y制备薄层色谱法p r e p a r a t i v e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y薄层棒色谱法t h i n l a y e r r o d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y液相色谱仪l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h制备液相色谱仪p r e p a r a t i v e l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h 凝胶渗透色谱仪g e l p e r m e a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h涂布器s p r e a d e r点样器s a m p l e a p p l i c a t o r色谱柱c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c c o l u m n棒状色谱柱m o n o l i t h c o l u m n m o n o l i t h c o l u m n微粒柱m i c r o p a r t i c l e c o l u m n填充毛细管柱p a c k e d c a p i l l a r y c o l u m n空心柱o p e n t u b u l a r c o l u m n微径柱m i c r o b o r e c o l u m n混合柱m i x e d c o l u m n组合柱c o u p l e d c o l u m n预柱p r e c o l u m n保护柱g u a r d c o l u m n预饱和柱p r e s a t u r a t i o n c o l u m n浓缩柱c o n c e n t r a t i n g c o l u m n抑制柱s u p p r e s s i o n c o l u m n薄层板t h i n l a y e r p l a 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t o r体积标记器v o l u m e m a r k e r记录器r e c o r d e r积分仪i n t e g r a t o r馏分收集器f r a c t i o n c o l l e c t o r工作站w o r k s t a t i o n固定相s t a t i o n a r y p h a s e固定液s t a t i o n a r y l i q u i d载体s u p p o r t柱填充剂c o l u m n p a c k i n g化学键合相填充剂c h e m i c a l l y b o n d e d p h a s ep a c k i n g薄壳型填充剂p e l l i c u l a r p a c k i n g多孔型填充剂p o r o u s p a c k i n g吸附剂a d s o r b e n t离子交换剂i o n e x c h a n g e r基体m a t r i x载板s u p p o r t p l a t e粘合剂b i n d e r流动相m o b i l e p h a s e洗脱(淋洗)剂e l u a n t,e l u e n t展开剂d e v e l o p e r等水容剂i s o h y d r i c s o l v e n t改性剂m o d i f i e r显色剂c o l o r[d e v e l o p i n g]a g e n t死时间t0,d e a d t i m e保留时间t R,r e t e n t i o n t i m e调整保留时间t'R,a d j u s t e d r e t e n t i o n t i m e死体积V0,d e a d v o l u m e保留体积v R,r e t e n t i o n v o l u m e调整保留体积v'R,a d j u s t e d r e t e n t i o n v o l u m e柱外体积V e x t,e x t r a-c o l u m n v o l u n e粒间体积V0,i n t e r s t i t i a l v o l u m e(多孔填充剂的)孔体积V P,p o r e v o l u m e o f p o r o u s p a c k i n g液相总体积V t o l,t o t a l l i q u i d v o l u m e洗脱体积v e,e l u t i o n v o l u m e流体力学体积v h,h y d r o d y n a m i c v o l u m e相对保留值r i.s,r e l a t i v e r e t e n t i o n v a l u e分离因子α,s e p a r a t i o n f a c t o r流动相迁移距离d m,m o b i l e p h a s e m i g r a t i o nd i s t a n c e流动相前沿m o b i l e p h a s e f r o n t溶质迁移距离d s,s o l u t e m i g r a t i o n d i s t a n c e比移值R f,R f v a l u e高比移值h R f,h i g h R f v a l u e相对比移值R i.s,r e l a t i v e R f v a l u e保留常数值R m,R m v a l u e板效能p l a t e e f f i c i e n c y折合板高h r,r e d u c e d p l a t e h e i g h t分离度R,r e s o l u t i o n液相载荷量l i q u i d p h a s e l o a d i n g离子交换容量i o n e x c h a n g e c a p a c i t y负载容量l o a d i n g c a p a c i t y渗透极限p e r m e a b i l i t y l i m i t排除极限V h,m a x,e x c l u s i o n l i m i t拖尾因子T,t a i l i n g f a c t o r柱外效应e x t r a-c o l u m n e f f e c t管壁效应w a l l e f f e c t间隔臂效应s p a c e r a r m e f f e c t边缘效应e d g e e f f e c t斑点定位法l o c a l i z a t i o n o f s p o t放射自显影法a u t o r 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i n g d e v e l o p m e n t下行展开d e s c e n d i n g d e v e l o p m e n t双向展开t w o d i m e n s i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t环形展开c i r c u l a r d e v e l o p m e n t离心展开c e n t r i f u g a l d e v e l o p m e n t向心展开c e n t r i p e t a l d e v e l o p m e n t 径向展开r a d i a l d e v e l o p m e n t多次展开m u l t i p l e d e v e l o p m e n t分步展开s t e p w i s e d e v e l o p m e n t连续展开c o n t i n u o u s d e v e l o p m e n t 梯度展开g r a d i e n t d e v e l o p m e n t匀浆填充s l u r r y p a c k i n g停流进样s t o p-f l o w i n j e c t i o n阀进样v a l v e i n j e c t i o n柱上富集o n-c o l u m n e n r i c h m e n t流出液e l u a t e柱上检测o n-c o l u m n d e t e c t i o n柱寿命c o l u m n l i f e柱流失c o l u m n b l e e d i n g显谱v i s u a l i z a t i o n活化a c t i v a t i o n反冲b a c k f l u s h i n g脱气d e g a s s i n g沟流c h a n n e l i n g过载o v e r l o a d i n g。

常用色谱术语(中英文对照)

常用色谱术语(中英文对照)

常用色谱术语(中英文对照)色谱图 chromatogram色谱峰chromatographicpeak峰底peak base峰高h,peak height峰宽W,peak width半高峰宽Wh/2,peak width athalf height 峰面积A,peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N,base line noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1,first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2,second central moment三阶中心矩μ3,third central moment液相色谱法liquidchromatography,LC液液色谱法liquid liquidchromatography,LLC液固色谱法liquid solidchromatography,LSC正相液相色谱法normal phaseliquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phaseliquid chromatography,RPLC 柱液相色谱法liquid columnchromatography高效液相色谱法high performanceliquid chromatography,HPLC尺寸排除色谱法size exclusionchromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtrationchromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeationchromatography,GPC亲和色谱法affinitychromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchangechromatography,IEC离子色谱法ionchromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppressionchromatography离子对色谱法ion pairchromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobicinteraction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparativeliquid chromatography平面色谱法 planarchromatography纸色谱法 paperchromatography薄层色谱法 thin layerchromatography,TLC高效薄层色谱法 highperformance thin layerchromatography,HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnatedthin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layerchromatography离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchangethin layer chromatography 制备薄层色谱法 preparativethin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rodchromatography液相色谱仪 liquidchromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparativeliquid chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeationchromatograph涂布器 spreader点样器 sampleapplicator色谱柱 chromatographiccolumn棒状色谱柱 monolith columnmonolith column 微粒柱 microparticlecolumn填充毛细管柱 packedcapillary column空心柱 open tubularcolumn微径柱 microborecolumn混合柱 mixed column组合柱 coupled column预柱 precolumn保护柱 guard column预饱和柱 presaturationcolumn浓缩柱 concentratingcolumn抑制柱 suppressioncolumn薄层板 thin layerplate浓缩区薄层板 concentratingthin layer plate荧光薄层板 fluorescencethin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phasethin layer plate梯度薄层板 gradient thinlayer plate烧结板 sintered plate展开室 developmentchamber往复泵 reciprocatingpump注射泵 syringe pump气动泵 pneumatic pump蠕动泵 peristalticpump检测器 detector微分检测器 differentialdetector积分检测器 integraldetector总体性能检测器 bulk propertydetector溶质性能检测器 solute propertydetector(示差)折光率检测器 [differential] refractive indexdetector 荧光检测器 fluorescencedetector紫外可见光检测器 ultravioletvisible detector电化学检测器 electrochemicaldetector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器 [laser] light scattering detector光密度计 densitometer薄层扫描仪 thin layer scanner柱后反应器 post-columnreactor体积标记器 volume marker记录器 recorder积分仪 integrator馏分收集器 fractioncollector工作站 work station固定相 stationaryphase固定液 stationaryliquid载体 support柱填充剂 column packing化学键合相填充剂 chemicallybonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂 pellicularpacking多孔型填充剂 porous packing吸附剂 adsorbent离子交换剂 ion exchanger基体 matrix载板 support plate粘合剂 binder流动相 mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂 eluant,eluent展开剂 developer等水容剂 isohydricsolvent改性剂 modifier显色剂 color[developing] agent死时间 t0,dead time保留时间 tR,retentiontime调整保留时间 t''R,adjustedretention time死体积 V0,dead volume保留体积 vR,retentionvolume调整保留体积 v''R,adjustedretention volume柱外体积 Vext,extra-columnvolune粒间体积 V0,interstitialvolume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积 VP,pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积 Vtol,total liquidvolume洗脱体积 ve,elutionvolume流体力学体积 vh,hydrodynamicvolume相对保留值 ri.s,relativeretention value分离因子α,separation factor流动相迁移距离 dm,mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿 mobile phasefront溶质迁移距离 ds,solute migration distance比移值 Rf,Rf value高比移值 hRf,high Rf value相对比移值 Ri.s,relative Rfvalue保留常数值 Rm,Rm value板效能 plateefficiency折合板高 hr,reduced plate height分离度 R,resolution液相载荷量 liquid phaseloading离子交换容量 ion exchangecapacity负载容量 loadingcapacity渗透极限 permeabilitylimit排除极限 Vh,max,exclusion limit拖尾因子 T,tailing factor柱外效应 extra-columneffect管壁效应 wall effect间隔臂效应 spacer armeffect边缘效应 edge effect斑点定位法 localization ofspot放射自显影法 autoradiography原位定量 in situquantitation生物自显影法 bioautography归一法 normalizationmethod内标法 internalstandard method外标法 external standardmethod叠加法 addition method普适校准(曲线、函数)calibration function or curve[function] 谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线 universalCalibration function or curve [of separation]加宽校正 broadeningcorrection加宽校正因子 broadeningcorrection factor溶剂强度参数ε0,solvent strength parameter洗脱序列 eluotropicseries洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱 gradientelution梯度洗脱 gradientelution(再)循环洗脱 recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱 linear solventstrength gradient 程序溶剂 programmedsolvent程序压力 programmedpressure程序流速 programmed flow展开 development上行展开 ascendingdevelopment下行展开 descendingdevelopment双向展开 two dimensionaldevelopment环形展开 circulardevelopment离心展开 centrifugaldevelopment向心展开 centripetaldevelopment径向展开 radialdevelopment多次展开 multipledevelopment分步展开 stepwisedevelopment连续展开 continuousdevelopment梯度展开 gradientdevelopment匀浆填充 slurry packing停流进样 stop-flowinjection阀进样 valve injection柱上富集 on-columnenrichment流出液 eluate柱上检测 on-columndetection 柱寿命 column life柱流失 column bleeding显谱 visualization活化 activation反冲 back flushing脱气 degassing沟流 channeling过载 overloading(文章来源:网络)。

HPLC的常用术语

HPLC的常用术语

第一部分色谱曲线1、色谱图(c h r o m a to g ra m):色谱柱流出物通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号对时间或流动相流出体积的曲线图,或者通过适当的方法观察到的纸色谱或薄层色谱斑点、谱带的分布图。

2、(色谱)峰(c h r o m a to g ra p hi c pe a k):色谱柱流出组分通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号的微分曲线。

3、峰底(p e a k b as e):峰的起点与终点之间的连接的直线(图1中的C D)。

4、峰高(h,p e a k he i gh t):色谱峰最大值点到峰底的距离(图1中的B E)。

5、峰宽(W,p e a k wi d th):在峰两侧拐点(图1中的F,G)处所作切线与峰底相交两点的距离(图1中的K L)。

6、半高峰宽(W h/2,p ea k wi t hd at h al f h e ig h t):通过峰高的中点作平行于峰底的直线,此直线与峰两侧相交两点之间的距离(图1中的H J)。

7、峰面积(A,p e a k a re a):峰与峰底之间的面积(图1中的C H E J D C)。

8、拖尾峰(t a i l i n g p e ak):后沿较前沿平缓的不对称的峰。

9、前伸峰(l e a d i n g p e ak):前沿较后沿平缓的不对称的峰。

(又叫伸舌峰、前延峰)10、假峰(g h o s t p e a k):除组分正常产生的色谱峰外,由于仪器条件的变化等原因而在谱图上出现的色谱峰,即并非由试样所产生的峰。

这种色谱峰并不代表具体某一组分,容易给定性、定量带来误差。

(又叫鬼峰)11、畸峰(d i s t r o r te d pe a k):形状不对称的色谱峰,前伸峰、拖尾峰都属于这类。

12、反峰(n e g a t iv e p e ak):也称倒峰、负峰,即出峰的方向与通常的方向相反的色谱峰。

13、原点(o r i g i n):纸或薄层板上滴加试样部位的中心点(图2)。

气相色谱法的一些常用术语及基本概念解释?

气相色谱法的一些常用术语及基本概念解释?

气相色谱法的一些常用术语及基本概念解释?
1、相、固定相和流动相:一个体系中的某一均匀部分称为相;在色谱分离过程中,固定不动的一相称为固定相;通过或沿着固定相移动的流体称为流动相。

2、色谱峰:物质通过色谱柱进到鉴定器后,记录器上出现的一个个曲线称为色谱峰。

3、基线:在色谱操作条件下,没有被测组分通过鉴定器时,记录器所记录的检测器噪声随时间变化图线称为基线。

4、峰高与半峰宽:由色谱峰的浓度极大点向时间座标引垂线与基线相交点间的高度称为峰高,一般以h表示。

色谱峰高一半处的宽为半峰宽,一般以x1/2表示。

5、峰面积:流出曲线(色谱峰)与基线构成之面积称峰面积,用A 表示。

6、死时间、保留时间及校正保留时间:从进样到惰性气体峰出现极大值的时间称为死时间,以td表示。

从进样到出现色谱峰最高值所需的时间称保留时间,以tr表示。

保留时间与死时间之差称校正保留时间。

以Vd表示。

7、死体积,保留体积与校正保留体积:死时间与载气平均流速的乘积称为死体积,以Vd表示,载气平均流速以Fc表示,Vd=tdxFc。

保留时间与载气平均流速的乘积称保留体积,以Vr表示,Vr=trxFc。

8、保留值与相对保留值:保留值是表示试样中各组分在色谱柱中的停留时间的数值,通常用时间或用将组分带出色谱柱所需载气的体积
来表示。

以一种物质作为标准,而求出其他物质的保留值对此标准物的比值,称为相对保留值。

9、仪器噪音:基线的不稳定程度称噪音。

10、基流:氢焰色谱,在没有进样时,仪器本身存在的基始电流(底电流),简称基流.
本文来源:长沙业嘉电子科技有限公司。

色谱基本理论

色谱基本理论

色谱基本理论第一节色谱图及基本参数一、谱图:色谱柱流出物通过检测器时所产生的响应信号对时间的曲线图,其纵标为信号强度(mv),横坐标为保留时间(min)。

二、关术语:色谱峰(Peak):色谱柱流出组分通过检测器时产生的响应信号的微分曲线。

峰底(Peak Base):峰的起点与终点之间连接的直线。

峰高h(Peak Height):峰最大值到峰底的距离。

峰(底)宽W(Peak Width):峰两侧拐点处所作切线与峰底相交两点之间的距离.就是从色谱峰两侧的转折点(拐点)作切线,在基线上的截距叫峰底宽;简称峰宽;峰高一半处色谱峰的宽度叫半峰宽。

由于色谱峰顶呈圆孤形,色谱峰的半峰宽并不等于峰底宽的一半半(高)峰宽W1/2(Peak Width at Half Height):通过峰高的中点作平行于峰的直线,其与峰两侧相交两点之间的距离。

峰面积(Peak Area):峰与峰底之间的面积,又称响应值。

标准偏差(σ)(Standard Error):峰高的0.607倍处所对应峰宽的一半。

拖尾峰(Tailing Peak):后沿较前沿平缓的不对称峰。

前伸峰(Leading Peak):前沿较后沿平缓的不对称峰。

鬼峰(Ghost Peak):不是试样所产生的峰,亦称假峰。

基线(Baseline):在正常操作条件下,仅由流动相所产生的响应信号的曲线。

基线飘移(Baseline Drift):基线随时间定向的缓慢变化。

基线噪声(N) (Baseline Noise);由各种因素所引起的基线波动。

谱带扩展(Band Broadening):由于纵向扩散,传质阻力等因素的影响,使组分在色谱柱内移动过程中谱带宽度增加的现象。

三、保留值的基本参数保留时间(t R)(Retention time):组分从进样到出现峰最大值所需的时间。

死时间(t M)(Dead time):不被固定相滞留的组分从进样到出现峰最大值所需的时间调整保留时间(t’R ):t R’= t R-t M,即扣除了死时间的保留时间。

色谱系统

色谱系统

阐明了色谱、蒸馏和萃取之 间的相似性,将色谱柱设想 成由许多液液萃取单元或理 论塔板组成;色谱分离也是 一个分配平衡过程。这就是 Martin等人提出的塔板理论。
(二)塔板理论--衡量柱效率的指标
Martin和Synge 由于对分配色谱的贡献1952年 获得
Nobel 化学奖。
把色谱柱比作一个精馏塔, 沿用精馏塔中塔板的概念来 描述组分在两相间的分配行 为,同时引入理论塔板数作 为衡量柱效率的指标,即色 谱柱是由一系列连续的、相 等水平的塔板组成。每一块 塔板的高度用H表示,称为塔 板高度,简称板高。
当n足够大时,溶质随流动相流过色谱柱。 溶质的移动速度取决于溶质分配在流动相中的 分数。如果溶质较易分配在固定相, 则它的移 动速度较慢。反之,如果溶质较易分配在流动 相,则溶质就容易从色谱柱中流出来。从数学 上说,流动速度取决于q (流动相中的溶质分 数)。 浓度最大的塔板号数rmax,即峰位置:
V0、t0与被测组分无关,因而V’R 、t’R 更合理地反映了物质在柱中的保留情况。
总结:
(1)色谱峰的位置即保留值—进行定
性分析。
(2)色谱峰的h .A —进行定量分析。
(3)色谱峰的位置及峰的宽度—可评 价色谱 柱效的高度。
色谱分析的目的是将样品中各组分彼此分 离,组分要达到完全分离,两峰间的距离必须 足够远。两峰间的距离是由组分在两相间的分 配系数决定的,即与色谱过程的热力学性质有 关。但是两峰间虽有一定距离,如果每个峰都 很宽,以致彼此重叠,还是不能分开。这些峰 的宽或窄是由组分在色谱柱中传质和扩散行为 决定的,即与色谱过程的动力学性质有关。因 此,要从热力学和动力学两方面来研究色谱行
B H A Cu u 该式称为速率方程(范氏方程)。

色谱术语大全

色谱术语大全

色谱术语大全色谱术语在分析化学领域具有重要的意义。

它们用于描述色谱技术中所涉及的过程、参数和方法。

本文将为您介绍一些常见的色谱术语,以帮助您更好地理解和应用色谱技术。

一、色谱基本概念1. 色谱法(Chromatography):一种将化学混合物分离为其组成部分的物理方法,基于物质在移动相(流动相)和固定相(静止相)之间的分配行为。

2. 色谱柱(Column):色谱仪中用来分离混合物成分的部分,通常由填料填充或涂覆固定相而成。

3. 流动相(Mobile Phase):在色谱柱中通过的移动液体,负责将样品分离物质携带到检测器。

4. 静止相(Stationary Phase):在色谱柱中的固定填料或涂覆物,用于与分离物质相互作用,实现其分离。

5. 保留时间(Retention Time):某化合物从进样口注入到达检测器所需的时间,用来表征化合物在色谱柱中的保留情况。

二、气相色谱术语1. 气相色谱(Gas Chromatography, GC):将气体作为流动相用于分离物质的色谱技术。

2. 气相色谱柱(Gas Chromatography Column):用于气相色谱分离的柱子,通常由带有固定相的管子构成。

3. 信号峰(Peak):在色谱图中呈现的峰状信号,用来表示各组分在不同保留时间下的峰值。

4. 分辨力(Resolution):色谱柱对两相邻峰的识别和分离能力。

5. 峰宽度(Peak Width):色谱图中峰的宽度,常用于评估色谱分离的效果。

三、高效液相色谱术语1. 高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC):将液体作为流动相用于分离物质的色谱技术。

2. 高效液相色谱柱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography Column):在HPLC中用于分离物质的柱子,通常由填料或涂覆有固定相材料制成。

3. 保留因子(Retention Factor):衡量某化合物在流动相和静止相之间分配行为的指标,通常由某组分的保留时间与流动相通过时间之比计算得出。

中英文色谱术语大全(900词)

中英文色谱术语大全(900词)

阴离子交换色谱法anion exchange chromatography, AEC 阴离子交换树脂anion exchange resin荧光薄层板fluorescent thin layer plate荧光检测器fluorescence detector荧光色谱法fluorescence chromatography迎头色谱法frontal chromatography迎头色谱法frontal method硬(质)凝胶hard gel涌浪效应surge effect有机改进剂organic modifier有机相生物传感器Organic biosensor有效峰数effective peak number EPN有效理论塔板数number of effective theoretical plates有效塔板高度effective plate height有效淌度effective mobility釉化处理glazing淤浆填充法slurry packing method予柱guard column予柱pre-column圆筒模型cylindrical model圆型纸色谱法circular paper chromatography圆形色谱法circular chromatography圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor…圆锥模型conical model载气carrier gas载气净化器carry gas cleanser载气流速flow rate载气平均流速average flow rate载体support载体的钝化deactivation of support载体的活性部位active site of support载体涂层开口管柱support coated open tubular column,SCOT再生剂regenerant在线电堆集on-line electrical stacking在柱电导率检测on-column electrical conductivity detection噪声noise噪信比noise –signal ratio皂膜流量计soap film gas meter增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术UV-visible absorption enhanced det…窄粒度分布narrow particle size distribution粘度检测器viscosity detector展开development展开槽developing tank展开槽饱和Chamber saturation展开剂developer折射率检测器refractive index detector, RID真空脱气装置vacuum degasser阵列毛细管电泳capillary array electrophoresis蒸发光散射检测器evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD整体性质检测器integral property detector正相高效液相色谱法normal phase high performance liquid chro…正相离子对色谱法normal phase ion-pair chromatography正相毛细管电色谱positive capillary e lectrokinetic chromatog…直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS直接激光在柱吸收检测on-column direct laser detection指数式流动exponential flow纸色谱法paper chromatography置换色谱法displacement chromatography制备色谱preparative chromatography制备色谱仪preparative chromatograph制备柱preparation column智能色谱chromatography with artificial intelligence质量流量mass flow rate质量色谱mass chromatography质量型检测器mass detector质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector中空纤维抑制器hollow fiber suppressor中压液相色谱middle-pressure liquid chromatography重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram重均分子量weight mean molecular weight轴向扩散longitudinal diffusion轴向吸收池absorption pool of axial direction轴向压缩柱axial compression column柱端电导率检测out-let end detection of electrical conductiv…柱负载能力column loadability柱后衍生化post-column derivatization柱老化column ageing柱老化condition (aging) of column柱流出物(column) effluent柱流失column bleeding柱内径column internal diameter柱前衍生化pro-column derivatization柱切换技术column switching technique柱清洗column cleaning柱容量column capacity柱入口压力column inlet pressure柱色谱法column chromatography柱上检测on-line detection柱渗透性column permeability柱寿命column life柱头进样column head sampling柱外效应extra-column effect柱温箱column oven柱效column efficiency柱压column pressure柱再生column regeneration柱中衍生化on-column derivatization注射泵syringe pump转化定量法trans-quantitative method紫外-可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis紫外吸收检测器ultraviolet absorption detector自动进样器automatic sampler自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 总分离效能指标over-all resolution efficiency总交换容量total exchange capacity总渗透体积total osmotic volume纵向扩散longitudinal diffusion组合式仪器系统building block instrument最佳流速optimum flow rate最佳实际流速optimum practical flow rate最小检测量minimum detectable quantity最小检测浓度minimum detectable concentration萃取色谱法extraction chromatography氩电离检测器argon ionization detector螯合离子交换剂chelating ion exchanger螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography螯合树脂chelating resin脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器DNA sensor外标法external standard method外梯度outside gradient网状结构reticular structure往复泵reciprocating pump往复式隔膜泵reciprocating diaphragm pump微分型检测器differential detector微孔树脂micro-reticular resin微库仑检测器micro coulometric detector微量进样针micro-syringe微量色谱法micro-chromatography微膜抑制器micro-membrane suppressor微乳液电动色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography 微生物传感器Microbial sensor微生物显影bioautography微填充柱micro-packed column微吸附检测器micro adsorption detector微型柱micro-column尾吹气make-up gas味觉传感器taste sensor涡流扩散eddy diffusion无放射源电子俘获检测器non-radioactive electron capture det e…无机离子交换剂inorganic ion exchanger无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis无孔单分散填料non-porous monodisperse packing无脉动色谱泵pulse-free chromatographic pump物理钝化法physical deactivation吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附剂adsorbing material吸附剂活性adsorbent activity吸附平衡常数adsorption equilibrium constant吸附溶剂强度参数adsorption solvent strength parameter吸附色谱法adsorption chromatography吸附型PLOT柱adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum…吸附柱adsorption column吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method洗脱强度eluting power下行展开法descending development method显色器color-developing sprayer限制扩散理论theory of restricted diffusion线速度linear velocity线性梯度linear gradient相比率phase ratio相对保留值relative retention value相对比移值relative Rf value相对挥发度relative volatility相对灵敏度relative sensitivity相对碳(重量)响应因子relative carbon response factor相对响应值relative response相对校正因子relative correction factor相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量heat lens detection of intersect …相似相溶原则rule of similarity响应时间response time响应值response小角激光散射光度计low-angle laser light scatter ing photomet…小内径毛细管柱Microbore column校正保留体积corrected retention volume校正曲线法calibration curve method校正因子correction factor芯片电泳microchip electrophoresis旋转薄层法rotating thin layer chromatography旋转小室逆流色谱rotational little-chamber counter-current c…选择性检测器selective detector循环色谱法recycling chromatography压电晶体piezoelectric crystal压电免疫传感器Piezoelectric Immunosensor压电转换器piezoelectric transducer压力保护pressure protect压力上限pressure high limit压力梯度校正因子pressure gradient correction factor压力下限pressure low limit盐析色谱法salting-out chromatography盐析纸色谱法salting-out paper chromatography衍生化法derivatization method衍生化试剂derivatization reagent阳离子交换剂cation exchanger阳离子交换色谱法cation exchange chromatography, CEC氧化铝色谱法alumina chromatography样品环sample loop样品预处理sample pretreatment液-液分配色谱法liquid-liquid partition chromatography液-液色谱法liquid-liquid chromatography液滴逆流色谱drop counter-current chromatography液固色谱liquid-solid chromatography液晶固定相liquid crystal stationary phase液态离子交换剂liquid ion exchanger液相传质阻力resistance of liquid mass transfer液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用liquid chromatography-FTIR液相色谱-质谱分析法liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 液相色谱-质谱仪liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer液相色谱法liquid chromatography液相载荷量liquid phase loading一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography抑制器suppressor抑制型电导检测suppressed conductance detection抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC抑制柱suppressed column溢流区flooded zonevvv溶解度参数solubility parameter溶液性能检测器solution property detector溶胀swelling溶质性质检测器solute property detector容量因子capacity factor绒毛促性腺传感器Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor乳胶附聚型离子交换剂latex-agglomerated ion exchanger软(质)凝胶soft gel弱碱性阴离子交换剂weak-base anion exchanger弱酸性阳离子交换剂weakly acidic cation exchanger塞式流plug flow塞式流动plug flow色谱法chromatography色谱峰chromatographic peak色谱峰区域宽度peak width色谱富集过样samt injection of chromatography色谱工作站chromatographic working station色谱图chromatogram色谱仪chromatograph色谱纸chromatographic paper色谱柱chromatographic column色谱柱column色谱柱切换技术switching column technique筛分介质sieving medium上行展开法ascending development method蛇笼(状)树脂snake cage resin射频放电检测器radiofrequency discharge detector渗透极限分子量permeation limit molecular weight生物耗氧传感器Biological oxygen-consumption sensor 生物利用度bioavailability生物膜电极Biomembrane electrode生物亲和型传感器Biological affinity sensor生物色谱biological chromatography生物特异性柱biospecific column生物自显影法bioautography升温速率temperature rate湿法柱填充wet column packing十八烷基键合硅胶octadecyl silane石墨化碳黑graphitized carbon black实心载体solid support示差折光检测器differential refraction detector试剂显色法reagent color-developing method手动进样器manual injector手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相chiral amino acid derivatives stat…手性拆分试剂chiral selectors手性固定相chiral stationary phase手性固定相拆分法chiral solid phase separation手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相chiral cyclodextrin der GC手性金属络合物GC固定相chirametal stationary phase in GC手性流动相chiral mobile phase手性流动相拆分法chiral mobile phase separation手性气相色谱法chiral gas chromatography手性色谱chiral chromatography手性试剂chiral reagent手性衍生化法chiral derivation method疏溶剂理论solvophobic theory疏溶剂色谱法solvophobic chromatography疏溶剂作用理论solvophobic interaction principle疏水作用色谱hydrophobic interaction chromatography 树脂交换容量exchange capacity of resin数均分子量number mean molecular weight双保留机理dual reservation mechanism双电层electrical double layer双活塞往复泵two-piston reciprocating pump双束差分检测器detector of dual-beam difference双向展开法two-dimensional development method双柱定性法double-column qualitative method双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography双柱色谱法dual column chromatography水凝胶hydragel水系凝胶色谱柱aqua-system gel column瞬间离子基体效应moment ion matrix effect死区域dead zone死体积dead volume塑料泵plastic pump酸洗法acid wash酸性染料比色法acid dye colorimetry塔板理论方程plate theory equation碳分子筛carbon molecular sieve唐南排斥Donnan exclusion特殊选择固定液selective stationary phase梯度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱装置gradient elution device梯度液相色谱gradient liquid chromatography体积排斥理论size exclusion theory体积排斥色谱size exclusion chromatography体积色谱法volumetric chromatography填充毛细管柱packed capillary column填充柱packed column填料packing material停流进样stop-flow injection通用型检测器common detector涂壁毛细管柱wall coated open tubular column,WCOT 涂布器spreader涂层毛细管coated capillary涂渍coat涂渍效率coating efficiency拖尾峰tailing peak拖尾因子tailing factor流动相mobile phase流动相梯度eluent gradient流体动力学进样hydrostatic pressure injection流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume流型扩散dispersion due to flow profile螺旋传动注射泵screw-driven syringe pump罗什那德常数Rohrschneider’s constant麦克雷诺常数MacReynold’s constant脉冲阻尼器pulse damper毛细管壁静态改性static modification of capillary wall毛细管超临界流体色谱法capillary supercritical fluid chromat…毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用capillary electrophoresis –electr…毛细管电泳基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱离线检测off-line capillar…毛细管电泳离子分析capillary ion analysis毛细管电泳免疫分析immunity analysis of capillary electropho…毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis毛细管凝胶柱capillary gel column毛细管亲和电泳affinity capillary electrophoresis毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis毛细管有效长度the effective length of capillary electrophor…毛细管柱的交联cross-linked capillary毛细管柱去活capillary column deactivation酶传感器Enzyme sensor酶联免疫传感器Enzyme linked immunosensor酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay内标法internal standard method内标物internal standard内梯度inside gradient能量转移技术energy transfer technique逆流色谱法counter-current chromatography逆流色谱仪counter current chromatograph尿素传感器Urea sensor凝胶过滤色谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶内体积gel inner volume凝胶色谱法gel chromatography凝胶色谱仪gel chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱gel permeation chromatography凝胶外体积gel interstitial volume凝胶柱gel column浓度梯度成像检测器concentration gradient imaging detector 浓度型检测器concentration detector浓度型检测器concentration sensitive detector爬行模型crawl model排斥极限分子量exclusion limit molecular weight排斥体积exclusion volume排阻薄层色谱法exclusion TLC泡形池bubble form pool配位体交换色谱ligand exchange chromatography漂移drift平板色谱planar chromatography平衡排斥理论equilibrium exclusion theory平面色谱法Planar chromatography葡萄糖传感器Glucose sensor气-固色谱法gas-solid chromatography, GSC气-液色谱法gas-liquid chromatography, GLC气动泵pneumatic pump气体密度天平检测器gas density balance detector气雾剂取样法aerosol sampling method气相传质阻力resistance of gas mass transfer气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪chromatograph coupled with i nfrared…气相色谱-质谱联用仪gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer气相色谱法gas chromatography,GC气相色谱仪gas chromatography气相色谱专家系统expert system of gas chromatography汽化室vaporizer迁移时间migration time迁移时间窗口the window of migration time前延峰leading peak前沿色谱法frontal chromatography强碱性阴离子交换剂strong-base anion exchanger强酸性阳离子交换剂strongly acidic cation exchanger鞘流池sheath flow pool鞘流液sheath flow liquid切换时间switching time切线切割法tangent incision method亲硅醇基效应silanophilic interaction亲和色谱法affinity chromatography氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization detector, FID氰基键合相cyano-bonded phase区域扩展zone spreading去离子水deionized water去尾剂tailing reducer全多孔硅胶macro-reticular silica gel全多孔型填料macro-reticular packing material全二维色谱Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography…全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation热导检测器thermal conductivity detector,TCD热离子检测器thermionic detector热色谱法chromatothermography热丝(带)裂解器filament pyrolyzer热透镜光谱检测法heat lens absorbance detection热微量转移薄层色谱法thermomicro and transfer- application- …溶剂泵solvent pump溶剂强度solvent strength激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS, LDMS激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer激光色谱laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测detection of laser-induced light beam I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰memory peak记忆效应memory effect夹层槽sandwich chamber假峰ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度(检测)离子色谱法indirect photometric ion chroma to…间接光度(检测)色谱法indirect photometric chromatography间接检测indirect detection间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection检测器detector检测器检测限detector detectability检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity检测器线性范围detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector, AFID碱洗法alkali wash剪纸称重法cut-paper weighing method减尾剂tailing reducer减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography键合固定相bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger焦耳热joule heating胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography交联度crosslinking degree阶梯梯度stagewise gradient介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC 金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography进样阀injection valve进样量sample size进样器injector静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis静态涂渍法static coating method径流柱radial flow column径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography径向压缩柱radial compression column径向展开法radial development径向展开色谱radial development chromatography净保留体积net retention volume居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器absolute detector开口分流open split开口管柱open tubular column可见光检测器visible light detector可交换离子exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space空穴色谱法vacancy chromatography孔结构pore structure孔径pore diameter孔径分布pore size distribution控制单元control unit快速色谱法high-speed chromatography快原子枪fast atom gun离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography, IPC离子对试剂ion pair reagent离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型ion pair formation model离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换位置ion exchange site离子交换柱ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography, ICE离子色谱法ion chromatography, IC离子色谱仪ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography, IIC离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography, ISC理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate(HETP)理论塔板数number of theoretical plates两性电解质ampholytes两性离子zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration淋洗剂eluent淋洗离子eluent ion淋洗色谱法elution chromatography馏分收集器fraction collector流动池flow cell峰面积测量法measurement of peak area峰面积校正calibration of peak area峰容量peak capacity复合柱combined column改性载体modified support干法柱填充dry column packing干凝胶xerogel干扰抑制电导率检测detection of interfere and restrain condu…干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography, DCC高分子多孔微球porous polymer beads, GDX高速逆流色谱法high speed counter-current chromatography高温硅烷化去活high temperature silanizing deactivation高温凝胶色谱法high temperature gel chromatography高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch…高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效柱high performance column高压流通池技术high pressure flow cell technique高压输液泵high pressure pump高压梯度high-pressure gradient高压液相色谱法high pressure liquid chromatography戈雷方程式Golay equation戈雷柱Golay column隔膜泵diaphragm pump隔膜进样septum sampling工业色谱industrial chromatography工业色谱仪industrial chromatograph工作流速working flow rate功能基团functional group谷丙转氨酶传感器Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor,GPT固定化酶immobilized enzyme固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid固定液的相对极性relative polarity of stationary liquid固定液极性stationary liquid polarity固相扩散solid diffusion固相荧光免疫分析solid phase fluorescence immunoassay 固有粘度intrinsic viscosity官能团保留指数function retention index官能团色谱图functional group chromatogram, FGC冠醚固定相crown ether stationary phase管壁效应wall effect管式炉裂解器tube furnace pyrolyzer灌注色谱法perfusion chromatography贯注色谱填料perfusion chromatography packing光离子化检测器photo-ionization detector, PID光密度计densitometer光谱差减法spectral subtraction method光散射检测器light scattering detector光声检测法photoacoustic detection光纤化学传感器Optic fiber sensor硅胶silica gel硅胶基质离子交换剂silica-gel substrate ion exchanger硅烷化法silanization硅烷化法silanizing硅烷化载体silanized support归一化法normalization method过压薄层色谱法over pressured thin layer chromatography, OPT…过压液相色谱法over pressured liquid chromatography,OPLC氦电离检测器helium ionization detector含氧化合物分析器oxygen specific response of the flame ioni…含样去样检测法sample in sample out method赫尔希池检测器Hersch cell detector恒流泵constant flow pump恒温操作constant temperature method恒压泵constant pressure pump红色载体red support红外检测器infrared detector红外总吸光度重建色谱图total infrared absorbance reconstruct…化合物形成色谱compound-formation chromatography化学发光检测器chemiluminescence detector化学发光检测器Chemiluminescence detector, SCD化学键合固定相bonded stationary phase化学键合相色谱bonded phase chromatography化学色谱法chemi-chromatography化学衍生法chemical derivatization method环糊精电动色谱cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography环形展开比移值circular development Rf value环形展开法circular development缓冲溶液添加剂buffer additives辉光放电检测器glow discharge detector混合床离子交换固定相mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase 混合床柱mixed bed column混合溶剂mixed solvent活塞泵piston pump活性activation活性部位active site活性硅胶activated silica gel活性氧化铝activated aluminium oxide活性中心active center火焰光度检测器flame photometric detector, FPD基流background current or base current基线baseline基线宽度baseline width基质substrate materials基质隔离技术matrix isolation technique畸变峰distorted peak积分器integrator电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样electrophoretic injection电渗流electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器electricity potential detector电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector调整保留时间adjusted retention time调整保留体积adjusted retention volume叠加内标法added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography, GC-HS顶替法displacement development顶替色谱法displacement chromatography动态包覆dynamic coating动态顶空分析法dynamic headspace analysis动态分离dynamic separation动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model 动态改性dynamic modification动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍dynamic coating动态涂渍法dynamic coated method动态脱活dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法short column chromatography堆积硅珠stacked silica bead堆积性能bulk property多次反射池multi-reflect pool多分散度polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱porous layer open tubular column,PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱porous polymer beads GLS column GLS 多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon, PGC多孔载体porous support多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ,SCE二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector, DAD二维色谱法two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系dual solvent system反冲洗back wash反吹技术back flushing technique反峰negative peak反离子counter ion反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography (IGC)反相高效液相色谱法reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱reversed phase column反应气相色谱法reaction gas chromatography反应色谱reaction chromatography反圆心式展开anti-circular development反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation仿生传感器Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector放射性检测器radioactivity detector放射自显影autoradiography非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support非线性分流non-linearity split stream非线性色谱non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin分离-反应-分离展开SRS development分离数separation number分离因子separation factor分离柱separation column分流split stream分流比split ratio分流进样法split sampling分流器splitter分配等温线distribution isotherm分配色谱partition chromatography分配系数partition coefficient分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph分子扩散molecular diffusion分子量分布molecular weight distribution分子量检测器molecular weight detector分子筛molecular sieve分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾endcapping峰高peak heightpH梯度动态分离dynamic separation of the pH gradient pH值梯度洗脱pH gradient elutionZata电势Zata potentialZ形池Z-form pool氨基键合相amino-bonded phase氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer安培检测器ampere detector白色载体white support半微柱semimicro-column半制备柱semi-preparation column包覆型离子交换剂coated ion exchanger包覆型填料coated packing material薄层板thin layer plate薄层扫描法thin layer chromatography scanning薄层扫描仪thin layer chromatography scanner薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography TLC薄壳型离子交换剂pellicular ion-exchanger薄壳型微珠载体pellicular microbead support保护柱guard column保留间隙retention gap保留时间retention time保留体积retention volume保留温度retention temperature保留值定性法retention qualitative method保留值沸点规律boiling point rule of retention保留值碳数规律carbon number rule of retention保留指数retention index保留指数定性法retention index qualitative method背景电导background conductance苯酚磺酸树脂phenol sulfonic acid resin苯乙烯styrene比保留体积specific retention volume比例阀proportional valve比渗透率specific permeability比移值Rf value边缘效应edge effect便携式色谱仪portable chromatograph标准偏差standard deviation表观电泳淌度apparent electrophoretic mobility表观交换容量apparent exchange capacity表面电位检测器surface potential detector表面多孔硅胶superficially porous silica gel表面多孔填料superficially porous packing material表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger玻璃球载体glass beads support不分流进样splitless sampling参比柱reference column残余硅醇基residual silanol场放大进样electrical field magnified injection场流分离field-flow fractionation场流分离仪field-flow fractionation场效应生物传感器Field effect transistor based Biosensor常压液相色谱法common-pressure liquid chromatography超临界流体supercritical fluid超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用supercritical fluid …超临界流体色谱法supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱仪supercritical fluid chromatograph超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extract,SFE超声波脱气ultrasonic degas超微传感器ultra-micro sensor程序变流色谱法programmed flow (gas) chromatography程序升温进样programmed temperature sampling程序升温色谱法programmed temperature (gas) chromatography 程序升温蒸发器programmed temperature vaporizer ,PTV程序升压programmed pressure触角载体tentacle supports传质速率rate of mass transfer传质阻力resistance of mass transfer垂直切割法vertical incision method催化色谱法catalytic (gas) chromatography大环化合物色谱large ring compound chromatography大孔树脂macro-reticular resin大孔填料macro-reticular packing material大内径毛细管柱Megaobore column代谢型生物传感器Biological metabolizing sensor单分散气溶胶发生器monodiaperse aerosol generator单活塞往复泵single piston reciprocating pump单相色谱仪single phase chromatograph单向阀one-way valve单柱离子色谱法single column ion chromatography胆固醇传感器Cholesterol sensor氮-磷检测器nitrogen-phosphorus detector ,NPD导数比率法derivative ratio method等度洗脱isocratic elution等离子体色谱法plasma chromatography等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c…低负荷柱low load column低容量柱low capacity column低温色谱low temperature chromatography低压梯度low-pressure gradient低压液相色谱low-pressure liquid chromatography点样sample application点样器sample spotter (spot applicator)电导池conductance cell电导检测法conductance detection电荷转移分光光度法charge transfer spectrophotometry 电化学检测器electrochemical detector电解抑制器electrolyze suppressor。

常用色谱术语(一)

常用色谱术语(一)

阴离⼦交换剂 anion exchanger 阴离⼦交换⾊谱法 anion exchange chromatography, AEC 阴离⼦交换树脂 anion exchange resin 荧光薄层板 fluorescent thin layer plate 荧光检测器 fluorescence detector 荧光⾊谱法 fluorescence chromatography 迎头⾊谱法 frontal chromatography 迎头⾊谱法 frontal method 硬(质)凝胶 hard gel 涌浪效应 surge effect 有机改进剂 organic modifier 有机相⽣物传感器 Organic biosensor 有效峰数 effective peak number EPN 有效理论塔板数 number of effective theoretical plates 有效塔板⾼度 effective plate height 有效淌度 effective mobility 釉化处理 glazing 淤浆填充法 slurry packing method 予柱 guard column 予柱 pre-column 圆筒模型 cylindrical model 圆型纸⾊谱法 circular paper chromatography 圆形⾊谱法 circular chromatography 圆柱状超微薄层⾊谱法 ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor… 圆锥模型 conical model 载⽓ carrier gas 载⽓净化器 carry gas cleanser 载⽓流速 flow rate 载⽓平均流速 average flow rate 载体 support 载体的钝化 deactivation of support 载体的活性部位 active site of support 载体涂层开⼝管柱 support coated open tubular column,SCOT 再⽣剂 regenerant 在线电堆集 on-line electrical stacking 在柱电导率检测 on-column electrical conductivity detection 噪声 noise 噪信⽐ noise –signal ratio 皂膜流量计 soap film gas meter 增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术 UV-visible absorption enhanced det… 窄粒度分布 narrow particle size distribution 粘度检测器 viscosity detector 展开 development 展开槽 developing tank 展开槽饱和 Chamber saturation 展开剂 developer 折射率检测器 refractive index detector, RID 真空脱⽓装置 vacuum degasser 阵列⽑细管电泳 capillary array electrophoresis 蒸发光散射检测器 evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD 整体性质检测器 integral property detector 正相⾼效液相⾊谱法 normal phase high performance liquid chro… 正相离⼦对⾊谱法 normal phase ion-pair chromatography 正相⽑细管电⾊谱 positive capillary electrokinetic chromatog… 直接化学离⼦化 direct chemical ionization GC-MS 直接激光在柱吸收检测 on-column direct laser detection 指数式流动 exponential flow 纸⾊谱法 paper chromatography 置换⾊谱法 displacement chromatography 制备⾊谱 preparative chromatography 制备⾊谱仪 preparative chromatograph 制备柱 preparation column 智能⾊谱 chromatography with artificial intelligence 质量流量 mass flow rate 质量⾊谱 mass chromatography 质量型检测器 mass detector 质量型检测器 mass flow rate sensitive detector 中空纤维抑制器 hollow fiber suppressor 中压液相⾊谱 middle-pressure liquid chromatography 重建⾊谱图 reconstructive chromatogram 重均分⼦量 weight mean molecular weight 轴向扩散 longitudinal diffusion 轴向吸收池 absorption pool of axial direction 轴向压缩柱 axial compression column 柱端电导率检测 out-let end detection of electrical conductiv… 柱负载能⼒ column loadability 柱后衍⽣化 post-column derivatization 柱⽼化 column ageing 柱⽼化 condition (aging) of column 柱流出物(column) effluent 柱流失 column bleeding 柱内径 column internal diameter 柱前衍⽣化 pro-column derivatization 柱切换技术 column switching technique 柱清洗 column cleaning 柱容量 column capacity 柱⼊⼝压⼒ column inlet pressure 柱⾊谱法 column chromatography 柱上检测 on-line detection 柱渗透性 column permeability 柱寿命 column life 柱头进样 column head sampling 柱外效应 extra-column effect 柱温箱 column oven 柱效 column efficiency 柱压 column pressure 柱再⽣ column regeneration 柱中衍⽣化 on-column derivatization 注射泵 syringe pump 转化定量法 trans-quantitative method 紫外-可见光检测器 ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis 紫外吸收检测器 ultraviolet absorption detector ⾃动进样器 automatic sampler ⾃由溶液⽑细管电泳 free solution capillary electrophoresis 总分离效能指标 over-all resolution efficiency 总交换容量 total exchange capacity 总渗透体积 total osmotic volume 纵向扩散 longitudinal diffusion 组合式仪器系统 building block instrument 流速 optimum flow rate 实际流速 optimum practical flow rate 最⼩检测量 minimum detectable quantity 最⼩检测浓度 minimum detectable concentration 萃取⾊谱法 extraction chromatography 氩电离检测器 argon ionization detector 螯合离⼦交换剂 chelating ion exchanger 螯合离⼦⾊谱法 chelating ion chromatography 螯合树脂 chelating resin。

色谱术语大全

色谱术语大全

以上为美瑞泰克公司中国办事处从网上搜集并加以整理的,目的只有一个,就是能让每一个应用色谱分析的朋友能够更方便。

色谱字典(术语大全)中文英文色谱图 chromatogram色谱峰 chromatographic peak峰底 peak base峰高 h, peak height峰宽 W, peak width半高峰宽 Wh/2, peak width at half height峰面积 A, peak area拖尾峰 tailing area前伸峰 leading area假峰 ghost peak畸峰 distorted peak反峰 negative peak拐点 inflection point原点ori£in斑点spot区带zone复班 multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线 base line基线漂移 baseline drift基线噪声 X, baseline noise统讣矩moment一阶原点矩Y 1, first origin moment二阶中心矩 u 2, second central moment三阶中心矩 u 3, third central moment液相色谱法 liquid chromatography, LC液液色谱法 liquid liquid chromatography, LLC 液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography, LSC 正相液相色谱法normal phase liquidchromatography液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography, LSC反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquidchromatography,RPLC柱液相色谱法 liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquidchromatography, HPLC尺寸排除色谱法 size exclusion chromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法 gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法 gel permeation chromatography,GPC亲和色谱法 affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法 hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法 preparative liquid chromatography 平面色谱法 planar chromatography纸色谱法 paper chromatography薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography, TLC高效薄层色谱法 high performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法 preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪 preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器 sample applicator色谱柱 chromatographic column棒状色谱柱 monolith column monolith column微粒柱 microparticle column填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column空心柱 open tubular column微径柱 microbore column混合柱 mixed column组合柱 coupled column预柱 precolumn保护柱 guard column预饱和柱 presaturation column浓缩柱 concentrating column抑制柱 suppression column薄层板 thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板 concentrating thin layer plate 荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate 反相薄层板 reversed phase thin layer plate 梯度薄层板 gradient thin layer plate烧结板 sintered plate展开室 development chamber以上为美瑞泰克公司中国办事处从网上搜集并加以整理的,U的只有一个,就是能让每一个应用色谱分析的朋友能够更方便。

色谱常用术语 1

色谱常用术语 1

色谱常用术语色谱图 chromatogram色谱峰 chromatographic peak峰底 peak base峰高 h,peak height峰宽 W,peak width半高峰宽 Wh/2,peak width at half height峰面积 A,peak area拖尾峰 tailing area前伸峰 leading area假峰 ghost peak畸峰 distorted peak反峰 negative peak拐点 inflection point原点 origin斑点 spot区带 zone复班 multiple spot区带脱尾 zone tailing基线 base line基线漂移 baseline drift基线噪声 N,baseline noise统计矩 moment一阶原点矩γ1,first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2,second central moment三阶中心矩μ3,third central moment液相色谱法 liquid chromatography,LC液液色谱法 liquid liquid chromatography,LLC液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography,LSC正相液相色谱法 normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法 reversed phase liquid chromatography,RPLC柱液相色谱法 liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC尺寸排除色谱法 size exclusion chromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法 gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法 gel permeation chromatography,GPC亲和色谱法 affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法 ion exchange chromatography,IEC离子色谱法 ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法 hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法 preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法 planar chromatography纸色谱法 paper chromatography薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography,TLC高效薄层色谱法 high performance thin layer chromatography,HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法 preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪 preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeation chromatograph涂布器 spreader点样器 sample applicator色谱柱 chromatographic column棒状色谱柱 monolith column monolith column微粒柱 microparticle column填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column 空心柱 open tubular column微径柱 microbore column混合柱 mixed column组合柱 coupled column预柱 precolumn保护柱 guard column预饱和柱 presaturation column浓缩柱 concentrating column抑制柱 suppression column薄层板 thin layer plate。

7.2-色谱术语及色谱理论.

7.2-色谱术语及色谱理论.
C =(Cg + CL)
填充柱气相传质阻力系数Cg为:
Cg
0.01k (1 k)2
d
2 f
Dg
k为容量因子; df 为填充物粒度; Dg 为扩散系数。
如何提高柱效?
减小填充物粒度,选择小分子量的气体作载气 43
C ·u —传质阻力项
传质阻力包括气相传质阻力Cg和液相传质阻力CL即:
C =(Cg + CL)
34
四、速率理论 1. 气相色谱速率理论 1956年荷兰学者范第姆特(Van Deemter)等人将
塔板高度的概念、影响塔板高度的扩散和传质等因素结 合,给出理论塔板高度关系式:
1)范第姆特方程式 H = A + B/u + C·u
H:理论塔板高度, u:载气的线速度(cm/s) A、B、C、为常数,A:涡流扩散系数; B:分子扩 散项系数; C:传质阻力项系数。
当后两项很小可忽略不计时,
死体积(V M): VM = tM ×F0 F0:柱出口处的载气流量, 单位:mL/min。
9
保留体积(VR):指从进样开始到被测组分在柱后
出现浓度极大点时所通过的流动相的体积
VR =tR×F0 F0为柱出口处的载气流量,
单位:mL/min。
调整保留体积(VR'):某组分的保留体积扣除死体积
液相传质阻力系数 CL为:
CL
2 3
k (1 k)2
d
2 f
DL
k为容量因子; df 为固定相的液膜厚度; DL为扩散系数。
如何提高柱效?
减小液膜厚度,k值也变小, CL增大
提高柱温可增大DL,但会使k值减小 44
将上面式总结,即可得 气液色谱速率板高方程

中英文色谱术语大全(900词)

中英文色谱术语大全(900词)

阴离子交换色谱法anion exchange chromatography, AEC 阴离子交换树脂anion exchange resin荧光薄层板fluorescent thin layer plate荧光检测器fluorescence detector荧光色谱法fluorescence chromatography迎头色谱法frontal chromatography迎头色谱法frontal method硬(质)凝胶hard gel涌浪效应surge effect有机改进剂organic modifier有机相生物传感器Organic biosensor有效峰数effective peak number EPN有效理论塔板数number of effective theoretical plates有效塔板高度effective plate height有效淌度effective mobility釉化处理glazing淤浆填充法slurry packing method予柱guard column予柱pre-column圆筒模型cylindrical model圆型纸色谱法circular paper chromatography圆形色谱法circular chromatography圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor…圆锥模型conical model载气carrier gas载气净化器carry gas cleanser载气流速flow rate载气平均流速average flow rate载体support载体的钝化deactivation of support载体的活性部位active site of support载体涂层开口管柱support coated open tubular column,SCOT再生剂regenerant在线电堆集on-line electrical stacking在柱电导率检测on-column electrical conductivity detection噪声noise噪信比noise –signal ratio皂膜流量计soap film gas meter增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术UV-visible absorption enhanced det…窄粒度分布narrow particle size distribution粘度检测器viscosity detector展开development展开槽developing tank展开槽饱和Chamber saturation展开剂developer折射率检测器refractive index detector, RID真空脱气装置vacuum degasser阵列毛细管电泳capillary array electrophoresis蒸发光散射检测器evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD整体性质检测器integral property detector正相高效液相色谱法normal phase high performance liquid chro…正相离子对色谱法normal phase ion-pair chromatography正相毛细管电色谱positive capillary e lectrokinetic chromatog…直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS直接激光在柱吸收检测on-column direct laser detection指数式流动exponential flow纸色谱法paper chromatography置换色谱法displacement chromatography制备色谱preparative chromatography制备色谱仪preparative chromatograph制备柱preparation column智能色谱chromatography with artificial intelligence质量流量mass flow rate质量色谱mass chromatography质量型检测器mass detector质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector中空纤维抑制器hollow fiber suppressor中压液相色谱middle-pressure liquid chromatography重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram重均分子量weight mean molecular weight轴向扩散longitudinal diffusion轴向吸收池absorption pool of axial direction轴向压缩柱axial compression column柱端电导率检测out-let end detection of electrical conductiv…柱负载能力column loadability柱后衍生化post-column derivatization柱老化column ageing柱老化condition (aging) of column柱流出物(column) effluent柱流失column bleeding柱内径column internal diameter柱前衍生化pro-column derivatization柱切换技术column switching technique柱清洗column cleaning柱容量column capacity柱入口压力column inlet pressure柱色谱法column chromatography柱上检测on-line detection柱渗透性column permeability柱寿命column life柱头进样column head sampling柱外效应extra-column effect柱温箱column oven柱效column efficiency柱压column pressure柱再生column regeneration柱中衍生化on-column derivatization注射泵syringe pump转化定量法trans-quantitative method紫外-可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis紫外吸收检测器ultraviolet absorption detector自动进样器automatic sampler自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 总分离效能指标over-all resolution efficiency总交换容量total exchange capacity总渗透体积total osmotic volume纵向扩散longitudinal diffusion组合式仪器系统building block instrument最佳流速optimum flow rate最佳实际流速optimum practical flow rate最小检测量minimum detectable quantity最小检测浓度minimum detectable concentration萃取色谱法extraction chromatography氩电离检测器argon ionization detector螯合离子交换剂chelating ion exchanger螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography螯合树脂chelating resin脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器DNA sensor外标法external standard method外梯度outside gradient网状结构reticular structure往复泵reciprocating pump往复式隔膜泵reciprocating diaphragm pump微分型检测器differential detector微孔树脂micro-reticular resin微库仑检测器micro coulometric detector微量进样针micro-syringe微量色谱法micro-chromatography微膜抑制器micro-membrane suppressor微乳液电动色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography 微生物传感器Microbial sensor微生物显影bioautography微填充柱micro-packed column微吸附检测器micro adsorption detector微型柱micro-column尾吹气make-up gas味觉传感器taste sensor涡流扩散eddy diffusion无放射源电子俘获检测器non-radioactive electron capture det e…无机离子交换剂inorganic ion exchanger无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis无孔单分散填料non-porous monodisperse packing无脉动色谱泵pulse-free chromatographic pump物理钝化法physical deactivation吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附剂adsorbing material吸附剂活性adsorbent activity吸附平衡常数adsorption equilibrium constant吸附溶剂强度参数adsorption solvent strength parameter吸附色谱法adsorption chromatography吸附型PLOT柱adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum…吸附柱adsorption column吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method洗脱强度eluting power下行展开法descending development method显色器color-developing sprayer限制扩散理论theory of restricted diffusion线速度linear velocity线性梯度linear gradient相比率phase ratio相对保留值relative retention value相对比移值relative Rf value相对挥发度relative volatility相对灵敏度relative sensitivity相对碳(重量)响应因子relative carbon response factor相对响应值relative response相对校正因子relative correction factor相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量heat lens detection of intersect …相似相溶原则rule of similarity响应时间response time响应值response小角激光散射光度计low-angle laser light scatter ing photomet…小内径毛细管柱Microbore column校正保留体积corrected retention volume校正曲线法calibration curve method校正因子correction factor芯片电泳microchip electrophoresis旋转薄层法rotating thin layer chromatography旋转小室逆流色谱rotational little-chamber counter-current c…选择性检测器selective detector循环色谱法recycling chromatography压电晶体piezoelectric crystal压电免疫传感器Piezoelectric Immunosensor压电转换器piezoelectric transducer压力保护pressure protect压力上限pressure high limit压力梯度校正因子pressure gradient correction factor压力下限pressure low limit盐析色谱法salting-out chromatography盐析纸色谱法salting-out paper chromatography衍生化法derivatization method衍生化试剂derivatization reagent阳离子交换剂cation exchanger阳离子交换色谱法cation exchange chromatography, CEC氧化铝色谱法alumina chromatography样品环sample loop样品预处理sample pretreatment液-液分配色谱法liquid-liquid partition chromatography液-液色谱法liquid-liquid chromatography液滴逆流色谱drop counter-current chromatography液固色谱liquid-solid chromatography液晶固定相liquid crystal stationary phase液态离子交换剂liquid ion exchanger液相传质阻力resistance of liquid mass transfer液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用liquid chromatography-FTIR液相色谱-质谱分析法liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 液相色谱-质谱仪liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer液相色谱法liquid chromatography液相载荷量liquid phase loading一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography抑制器suppressor抑制型电导检测suppressed conductance detection抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC抑制柱suppressed column溢流区flooded zonevvv溶解度参数solubility parameter溶液性能检测器solution property detector溶胀swelling溶质性质检测器solute property detector容量因子capacity factor绒毛促性腺传感器Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor乳胶附聚型离子交换剂latex-agglomerated ion exchanger软(质)凝胶soft gel弱碱性阴离子交换剂weak-base anion exchanger弱酸性阳离子交换剂weakly acidic cation exchanger塞式流plug flow塞式流动plug flow色谱法chromatography色谱峰chromatographic peak色谱峰区域宽度peak width色谱富集过样samt injection of chromatography色谱工作站chromatographic working station色谱图chromatogram色谱仪chromatograph色谱纸chromatographic paper色谱柱chromatographic column色谱柱column色谱柱切换技术switching column technique筛分介质sieving medium上行展开法ascending development method蛇笼(状)树脂snake cage resin射频放电检测器radiofrequency discharge detector渗透极限分子量permeation limit molecular weight生物耗氧传感器Biological oxygen-consumption sensor 生物利用度bioavailability生物膜电极Biomembrane electrode生物亲和型传感器Biological affinity sensor生物色谱biological chromatography生物特异性柱biospecific column生物自显影法bioautography升温速率temperature rate湿法柱填充wet column packing十八烷基键合硅胶octadecyl silane石墨化碳黑graphitized carbon black实心载体solid support示差折光检测器differential refraction detector试剂显色法reagent color-developing method手动进样器manual injector手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相chiral amino acid derivatives stat…手性拆分试剂chiral selectors手性固定相chiral stationary phase手性固定相拆分法chiral solid phase separation手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相chiral cyclodextrin der GC手性金属络合物GC固定相chirametal stationary phase in GC手性流动相chiral mobile phase手性流动相拆分法chiral mobile phase separation手性气相色谱法chiral gas chromatography手性色谱chiral chromatography手性试剂chiral reagent手性衍生化法chiral derivation method疏溶剂理论solvophobic theory疏溶剂色谱法solvophobic chromatography疏溶剂作用理论solvophobic interaction principle疏水作用色谱hydrophobic interaction chromatography 树脂交换容量exchange capacity of resin数均分子量number mean molecular weight双保留机理dual reservation mechanism双电层electrical double layer双活塞往复泵two-piston reciprocating pump双束差分检测器detector of dual-beam difference双向展开法two-dimensional development method双柱定性法double-column qualitative method双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography双柱色谱法dual column chromatography水凝胶hydragel水系凝胶色谱柱aqua-system gel column瞬间离子基体效应moment ion matrix effect死区域dead zone死体积dead volume塑料泵plastic pump酸洗法acid wash酸性染料比色法acid dye colorimetry塔板理论方程plate theory equation碳分子筛carbon molecular sieve唐南排斥Donnan exclusion特殊选择固定液selective stationary phase梯度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱装置gradient elution device梯度液相色谱gradient liquid chromatography体积排斥理论size exclusion theory体积排斥色谱size exclusion chromatography体积色谱法volumetric chromatography填充毛细管柱packed capillary column填充柱packed column填料packing material停流进样stop-flow injection通用型检测器common detector涂壁毛细管柱wall coated open tubular column,WCOT 涂布器spreader涂层毛细管coated capillary涂渍coat涂渍效率coating efficiency拖尾峰tailing peak拖尾因子tailing factor流动相mobile phase流动相梯度eluent gradient流体动力学进样hydrostatic pressure injection流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume流型扩散dispersion due to flow profile螺旋传动注射泵screw-driven syringe pump罗什那德常数Rohrschneider’s constant麦克雷诺常数MacReynold’s constant脉冲阻尼器pulse damper毛细管壁静态改性static modification of capillary wall毛细管超临界流体色谱法capillary supercritical fluid chromat…毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用capillary electrophoresis –electr…毛细管电泳基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱离线检测off-line capillar…毛细管电泳离子分析capillary ion analysis毛细管电泳免疫分析immunity analysis of capillary electropho…毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis毛细管凝胶柱capillary gel column毛细管亲和电泳affinity capillary electrophoresis毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis毛细管有效长度the effective length of capillary electrophor…毛细管柱的交联cross-linked capillary毛细管柱去活capillary column deactivation酶传感器Enzyme sensor酶联免疫传感器Enzyme linked immunosensor酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay内标法internal standard method内标物internal standard内梯度inside gradient能量转移技术energy transfer technique逆流色谱法counter-current chromatography逆流色谱仪counter current chromatograph尿素传感器Urea sensor凝胶过滤色谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶内体积gel inner volume凝胶色谱法gel chromatography凝胶色谱仪gel chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱gel permeation chromatography凝胶外体积gel interstitial volume凝胶柱gel column浓度梯度成像检测器concentration gradient imaging detector 浓度型检测器concentration detector浓度型检测器concentration sensitive detector爬行模型crawl model排斥极限分子量exclusion limit molecular weight排斥体积exclusion volume排阻薄层色谱法exclusion TLC泡形池bubble form pool配位体交换色谱ligand exchange chromatography漂移drift平板色谱planar chromatography平衡排斥理论equilibrium exclusion theory平面色谱法Planar chromatography葡萄糖传感器Glucose sensor气-固色谱法gas-solid chromatography, GSC气-液色谱法gas-liquid chromatography, GLC气动泵pneumatic pump气体密度天平检测器gas density balance detector气雾剂取样法aerosol sampling method气相传质阻力resistance of gas mass transfer气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪chromatograph coupled with i nfrared…气相色谱-质谱联用仪gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer气相色谱法gas chromatography,GC气相色谱仪gas chromatography气相色谱专家系统expert system of gas chromatography汽化室vaporizer迁移时间migration time迁移时间窗口the window of migration time前延峰leading peak前沿色谱法frontal chromatography强碱性阴离子交换剂strong-base anion exchanger强酸性阳离子交换剂strongly acidic cation exchanger鞘流池sheath flow pool鞘流液sheath flow liquid切换时间switching time切线切割法tangent incision method亲硅醇基效应silanophilic interaction亲和色谱法affinity chromatography氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization detector, FID氰基键合相cyano-bonded phase区域扩展zone spreading去离子水deionized water去尾剂tailing reducer全多孔硅胶macro-reticular silica gel全多孔型填料macro-reticular packing material全二维色谱Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography…全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation热导检测器thermal conductivity detector,TCD热离子检测器thermionic detector热色谱法chromatothermography热丝(带)裂解器filament pyrolyzer热透镜光谱检测法heat lens absorbance detection热微量转移薄层色谱法thermomicro and transfer- application- …溶剂泵solvent pump溶剂强度solvent strength激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS, LDMS激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer激光色谱laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测detection of laser-induced light beam I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰memory peak记忆效应memory effect夹层槽sandwich chamber假峰ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度(检测)离子色谱法indirect photometric ion chroma to…间接光度(检测)色谱法indirect photometric chromatography间接检测indirect detection间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection检测器detector检测器检测限detector detectability检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity检测器线性范围detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector, AFID碱洗法alkali wash剪纸称重法cut-paper weighing method减尾剂tailing reducer减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography键合固定相bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger焦耳热joule heating胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography交联度crosslinking degree阶梯梯度stagewise gradient介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC 金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography进样阀injection valve进样量sample size进样器injector静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis静态涂渍法static coating method径流柱radial flow column径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography径向压缩柱radial compression column径向展开法radial development径向展开色谱radial development chromatography净保留体积net retention volume居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器absolute detector开口分流open split开口管柱open tubular column可见光检测器visible light detector可交换离子exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space空穴色谱法vacancy chromatography孔结构pore structure孔径pore diameter孔径分布pore size distribution控制单元control unit快速色谱法high-speed chromatography快原子枪fast atom gun离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography, IPC离子对试剂ion pair reagent离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型ion pair formation model离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换位置ion exchange site离子交换柱ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography, ICE离子色谱法ion chromatography, IC离子色谱仪ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography, IIC离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography, ISC理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate(HETP)理论塔板数number of theoretical plates两性电解质ampholytes两性离子zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration淋洗剂eluent淋洗离子eluent ion淋洗色谱法elution chromatography馏分收集器fraction collector流动池flow cell峰面积测量法measurement of peak area峰面积校正calibration of peak area峰容量peak capacity复合柱combined column改性载体modified support干法柱填充dry column packing干凝胶xerogel干扰抑制电导率检测detection of interfere and restrain condu…干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography, DCC高分子多孔微球porous polymer beads, GDX高速逆流色谱法high speed counter-current chromatography高温硅烷化去活high temperature silanizing deactivation高温凝胶色谱法high temperature gel chromatography高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch…高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效柱high performance column高压流通池技术high pressure flow cell technique高压输液泵high pressure pump高压梯度high-pressure gradient高压液相色谱法high pressure liquid chromatography戈雷方程式Golay equation戈雷柱Golay column隔膜泵diaphragm pump隔膜进样septum sampling工业色谱industrial chromatography工业色谱仪industrial chromatograph工作流速working flow rate功能基团functional group谷丙转氨酶传感器Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor,GPT固定化酶immobilized enzyme固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid固定液的相对极性relative polarity of stationary liquid固定液极性stationary liquid polarity固相扩散solid diffusion固相荧光免疫分析solid phase fluorescence immunoassay 固有粘度intrinsic viscosity官能团保留指数function retention index官能团色谱图functional group chromatogram, FGC冠醚固定相crown ether stationary phase管壁效应wall effect管式炉裂解器tube furnace pyrolyzer灌注色谱法perfusion chromatography贯注色谱填料perfusion chromatography packing光离子化检测器photo-ionization detector, PID光密度计densitometer光谱差减法spectral subtraction method光散射检测器light scattering detector光声检测法photoacoustic detection光纤化学传感器Optic fiber sensor硅胶silica gel硅胶基质离子交换剂silica-gel substrate ion exchanger硅烷化法silanization硅烷化法silanizing硅烷化载体silanized support归一化法normalization method过压薄层色谱法over pressured thin layer chromatography, OPT…过压液相色谱法over pressured liquid chromatography,OPLC氦电离检测器helium ionization detector含氧化合物分析器oxygen specific response of the flame ioni…含样去样检测法sample in sample out method赫尔希池检测器Hersch cell detector恒流泵constant flow pump恒温操作constant temperature method恒压泵constant pressure pump红色载体red support红外检测器infrared detector红外总吸光度重建色谱图total infrared absorbance reconstruct…化合物形成色谱compound-formation chromatography化学发光检测器chemiluminescence detector化学发光检测器Chemiluminescence detector, SCD化学键合固定相bonded stationary phase化学键合相色谱bonded phase chromatography化学色谱法chemi-chromatography化学衍生法chemical derivatization method环糊精电动色谱cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography环形展开比移值circular development Rf value环形展开法circular development缓冲溶液添加剂buffer additives辉光放电检测器glow discharge detector混合床离子交换固定相mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase 混合床柱mixed bed column混合溶剂mixed solvent活塞泵piston pump活性activation活性部位active site活性硅胶activated silica gel活性氧化铝activated aluminium oxide活性中心active center火焰光度检测器flame photometric detector, FPD基流background current or base current基线baseline基线宽度baseline width基质substrate materials基质隔离技术matrix isolation technique畸变峰distorted peak积分器integrator电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样electrophoretic injection电渗流electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器electricity potential detector电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector调整保留时间adjusted retention time调整保留体积adjusted retention volume叠加内标法added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography, GC-HS顶替法displacement development顶替色谱法displacement chromatography动态包覆dynamic coating动态顶空分析法dynamic headspace analysis动态分离dynamic separation动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model 动态改性dynamic modification动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍dynamic coating动态涂渍法dynamic coated method动态脱活dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法short column chromatography堆积硅珠stacked silica bead堆积性能bulk property多次反射池multi-reflect pool多分散度polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱porous layer open tubular column,PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱porous polymer beads GLS column GLS 多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon, PGC多孔载体porous support多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ,SCE二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector, DAD二维色谱法two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系dual solvent system反冲洗back wash反吹技术back flushing technique反峰negative peak反离子counter ion反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography (IGC)反相高效液相色谱法reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱reversed phase column反应气相色谱法reaction gas chromatography反应色谱reaction chromatography反圆心式展开anti-circular development反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation仿生传感器Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector放射性检测器radioactivity detector放射自显影autoradiography非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support非线性分流non-linearity split stream非线性色谱non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin分离-反应-分离展开SRS development分离数separation number分离因子separation factor分离柱separation column分流split stream分流比split ratio分流进样法split sampling分流器splitter分配等温线distribution isotherm分配色谱partition chromatography分配系数partition coefficient分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph分子扩散molecular diffusion分子量分布molecular weight distribution分子量检测器molecular weight detector分子筛molecular sieve分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾endcapping峰高peak heightpH梯度动态分离dynamic separation of the pH gradient pH值梯度洗脱pH gradient elutionZata电势Zata potentialZ形池Z-form pool氨基键合相amino-bonded phase氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer安培检测器ampere detector白色载体white support半微柱semimicro-column半制备柱semi-preparation column包覆型离子交换剂coated ion exchanger包覆型填料coated packing material薄层板thin layer plate薄层扫描法thin layer chromatography scanning薄层扫描仪thin layer chromatography scanner薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography TLC薄壳型离子交换剂pellicular ion-exchanger薄壳型微珠载体pellicular microbead support保护柱guard column保留间隙retention gap保留时间retention time保留体积retention volume保留温度retention temperature保留值定性法retention qualitative method保留值沸点规律boiling point rule of retention保留值碳数规律carbon number rule of retention保留指数retention index保留指数定性法retention index qualitative method背景电导background conductance苯酚磺酸树脂phenol sulfonic acid resin苯乙烯styrene比保留体积specific retention volume比例阀proportional valve比渗透率specific permeability比移值Rf value边缘效应edge effect便携式色谱仪portable chromatograph标准偏差standard deviation表观电泳淌度apparent electrophoretic mobility表观交换容量apparent exchange capacity表面电位检测器surface potential detector表面多孔硅胶superficially porous silica gel表面多孔填料superficially porous packing material表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger玻璃球载体glass beads support不分流进样splitless sampling参比柱reference column残余硅醇基residual silanol场放大进样electrical field magnified injection场流分离field-flow fractionation场流分离仪field-flow fractionation场效应生物传感器Field effect transistor based Biosensor常压液相色谱法common-pressure liquid chromatography超临界流体supercritical fluid超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用supercritical fluid …超临界流体色谱法supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱仪supercritical fluid chromatograph超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extract,SFE超声波脱气ultrasonic degas超微传感器ultra-micro sensor程序变流色谱法programmed flow (gas) chromatography程序升温进样programmed temperature sampling程序升温色谱法programmed temperature (gas) chromatography 程序升温蒸发器programmed temperature vaporizer ,PTV程序升压programmed pressure触角载体tentacle supports传质速率rate of mass transfer传质阻力resistance of mass transfer垂直切割法vertical incision method催化色谱法catalytic (gas) chromatography大环化合物色谱large ring compound chromatography大孔树脂macro-reticular resin大孔填料macro-reticular packing material大内径毛细管柱Megaobore column代谢型生物传感器Biological metabolizing sensor单分散气溶胶发生器monodiaperse aerosol generator单活塞往复泵single piston reciprocating pump单相色谱仪single phase chromatograph单向阀one-way valve单柱离子色谱法single column ion chromatography胆固醇传感器Cholesterol sensor氮-磷检测器nitrogen-phosphorus detector ,NPD导数比率法derivative ratio method等度洗脱isocratic elution等离子体色谱法plasma chromatography等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c…低负荷柱low load column低容量柱low capacity column低温色谱low temperature chromatography低压梯度low-pressure gradient低压液相色谱low-pressure liquid chromatography点样sample application点样器sample spotter (spot applicator)电导池conductance cell电导检测法conductance detection电荷转移分光光度法charge transfer spectrophotometry 电化学检测器electrochemical detector电解抑制器electrolyze suppressor。

色谱基本理论

色谱基本理论

(二) 塔扳理论存在的不足:
1.塔板理论是模拟在一些假设条件下 而提出的,假设同实际情况有差距, 所以他描述的色谱分配过程定量关系 合有不准确的地方。
2.对于塔板高度H这个抽象的物理量 究竟由哪些参变量决定的?H又将怎 样影响色谱峰扩张等一些实质性的较 深入的问题,塔板理论却不能回答。
3.为什么流动相线速度(U)不同,柱效率 (n)不同;而有时当U值由很小一下变得 很大时,则柱效能(n)指标并未变化许 多,但峰宽各异,这些现象塔板理论也 无能为力.
讨论: K’=0 则 tR = tM 组分无保留行为 K’=1 则 tR = 2tM K’→∞ tR很大 组分峰出不来
所以K’=1-5 最好 如何控制K’? 主要选择合适的固定液 色谱测K’容易(只测tR tM )所以常用K’
四 分配系数K与分配比K’的关系于
K =K’β β = VG/ VL= K/ K’
2,压力校正
jF皂
P0 PW P0
TC Tr
PW ---室温下的的水饱 和蒸汽压 P0---柱出口处压力 Pi ---柱入口处压力
j

3(Pi 2(Pi
/ /
P0 )2 P0 )3
1 1
3,温度校正
FC

jF皂
P0 PW P0
TC Tr
Vg

273.16VN TC M L
Vg

273.16 TC
假设色谱柱由5块塔板组成: (0号板,1号,2号,…4号板) 令N=5(N表示进入柱中载气的脉冲次数 令组分进样量为:W=1 组分在柱内的分配过程是以气液色谱分
配为例,组分在气液两相中进行分配
○表示进入气相的组分分子 □表示进入液相的组分分子 此时若组分容量因子K,=1,即p=q 组分中有p量溶于液相 组分中有q量溶于液相

气相色谱法的一些常用术语

气相色谱法的一些常用术语

气相色谱法的一些常用术语
1、相、固定相和流动相:一个体系中的某一均匀部分称为相;在色谱分离过程中,固定不动的一相称为固定相;通过或沿着固定相移动的流体称为流动相。

2、色谱峰:物质通过色谱柱进到鉴定器后,记录器上出现的一个个曲线称为色谱峰。

3、基线:在色谱操作条件下,没有被测组分通过鉴定器时,记录器所记录的检测器噪声随时间变化图线称为基线。

4、峰高与半峰宽:由色谱峰的浓度极大点向时间座标引垂线与基线相交点间的高度称为峰高,一般以 h 表示。

色谱峰高一半处的宽为半峰宽,一般以 x 1/2表示。

5、峰面积:流出曲线(色谱峰)与基线构成之面积称峰面积,用A表示。

6、死时间、保留时间及校正保留时间:从进样到惰性气体峰出现极大值的时间称为死时间,以 td 表示。

从进样到出现色谱峰最高值所需的时间称保留时间,以 tr 表示。

保留时间与死时间之差称校正保留时间。

以V d 表示。

7、死体积,保留体积与校正保留体积:死时间与载气平均流速的乘积称为死体积,以V d 表示,载气平均流速以F c 表示,V d=tdxFc 。

保留时间与载气平均流速的乘积称保留体积,以V r 表示,V r=trxFc 。

8、保留值与相对保留值:保留值是表示试样中各组分在色谱柱中的停留时间的数值,通常用时间或用将组分带出色谱柱所需载气的体积来表示。

以一种物质作为标准,而求出其他物质的保留值对此标准物的比值,称为相对保留值。

9、仪器噪音:基线的不稳定程度称噪音。

10 、基流:氢焰色谱,在没有进样时,仪器本身存在的基始电流(底电流),简称基流。

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色谱字典(术语大全)中文英文色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h,peak height峰宽W,peak width半高峰宽Wh/2,peak width at half height峰面积A,peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N,baseline noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1,first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2,second central moment三阶中心矩μ3,third central moment液相色谱法liquid chromatography,LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography,LLC液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography,LSC正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography,RPLC柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography,GPC亲和色谱法affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography,IEC 离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography 平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography,TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography,HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector工作站work station固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid载体support柱填充剂column packing化学键合相填充剂chemically bonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂pellicular packing多孔型填充剂porous packing吸附剂adsorbent离子交换剂ion exchanger基体matrix载板support plate粘合剂binder流动相mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant,eluent展开剂developer等水容剂isohydric solvent改性剂modifier显色剂color [developing] agent死时间t0,dead time 保留时间tR,retention time调整保留时间t'R,adjusted retention time死体积V0,dead volume保留体积vR,retention volume调整保留体积v'R,adjusted retention volume柱外体积V ext,extra-column volune粒间体积V0,interstitial volume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP,pore volume of porous packing液相总体积Vtol,total liquid volume洗脱体积ve,elution volume流体力学体积vh,hydrodynamic volume相对保留值ri.s,relative retention value分离因子α,separation factor流动相迁移距离dm,mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿mobile phase front溶质迁移距离ds,solute migration distance比移值Rf,Rf value高比移值hRf,high Rf value相对比移值Ri.s,relative Rf value保留常数值Rm,Rm value板效能plate efficiency折合板高hr,reduced plate height分离度R,resolution液相载荷量liquid phase loading离子交换容量ion exchange capacity负载容量loading capacity渗透极限permeability limit排除极限Vh,max,exclusion limit拖尾因子T,tailing factor柱外效应extra-column effect管壁效应wall effect间隔臂效应spacer arm effect边缘效应edge effect斑点定位法localization of spot放射自显影法autoradiography原位定量in situ quantitation生物自显影法bioautography归一法normalization method内标法internal standard method外标法external standard method叠加法addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve[function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation]加宽校正broadening correction加宽校正因子broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数ε0,solvent strength parameter洗脱序列eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱gradient elution(再)循环洗脱recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient 程序溶剂programmed solvent程序压力programmed pressure程序流速programmed flow展开development上行展开ascending development下行展开descending development双向展开two dimensional development环形展开circular development离心展开centrifugal development向心展开centripetal development径向展开radial development多次展开multiple development分步展开stepwise development连续展开continuous development梯度展开gradient development匀浆填充slurry packing停流进样stop-flow injection阀进样valve injection柱上富集on-column enrichment流出液eluate柱上检测on-column detection柱寿命column life柱流失column bleeding显谱visualization活化activation反冲back flushing脱气degassing沟流channeling过载overloadingAAA - Amino acid analysis – 氨基酸分析AAS - Atomic absorption spectrometry – 原子吸收光谱AED - Atomic emission detection – 原子发射检测AES - Atomic emission spectrometry – 原子发射光谱AFD - Alkali flame detection – 碱火焰检测API - Atmospheric-pressure ionization – 常压电离AX/HPLC - Anion-exchange HPLC – 离子交换HPLCCC - Open (low pressure) column chromatography – 开口(低压)柱色谱法CD - Conductivity detection – 电导检测CEC - Capillary Electrochromatography – 毛细管电色谱法CF-FAB - Continuous flow FAB – 持流FABCGC - Capillary column gas chromatography – 毛细管柱气相色谱法CI/MS - Chemical ionization MS – 化学电离MSCIA - Capillary ion analysis – 毛细管离子分析CLD - Chemiluminescence detection – 化学发光检测CLSE - Column liquid-solid extraction – 液固柱萃取13C-NMR - Carbon-13 NMR – 碳13NMRCSFC - Capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography – 毛细管超临界流体色谱法CV - Cyclic voltammetry – 循环伏安法CX/HPLC - Cation-exchange HPLC – 阳离子交换HPLCCZE - Capillary zone electrophoresis – 毛细管区域电泳EC - Electron capture detection – 电子捕获检测ECD - Electrochemical detection – 电化学检测EI/MS - Electron-impact MS – 电子碰撞MSEIA - Enzyme immunoassay – 酶免疫测定ELISA - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – 酶联免疫吸附测定EMIT - Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique – 酶多联免疫测定技术EPR - Electron paramagnetic resonance – 电子顺磁共振FAB/MS - Fast-atom-bombardment MS – 快速原子轰击MSFD - Fluorescence detection – 荧光检测FIA - Flow injection analysis – 流动注射分析FID - Flame ionization detection – 火焰离子化检测FPD - Flame photometric detection – 火焰光度检测FPIA - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay – 荧光偏振免疫测定FTD - Flame thermionic detection (alkali flame ionization ) – 火焰热离子检测(碱火焰离子化) GC - Gas chromatography – 气相色谱法GC/MS - GC/mass spectrometry – GC/MSGFC - Gel filtration chromatography – 凝胶过滤色谱法GPC - Gel permeation chromatography – 凝胶渗透色谱法HallECD - Hall electrolytic conductivity detection – 霍尔电解质电导率检测HPLC - High performance liquid chromatography – 高效液相色谱法µHPLC - Microcolumn HPLC – 微径柱HPLCHPTLC - High performance TLC – 高效TLCHRGC - High resolution GC – 高分辨GCIE/HPLC - Ion-exchange HPLC – 离子交换HPLCIEC - Ion-exchange (low pressure) chromatography – 离子交换(低压)色谱法IEF - Isoelectric focusing – 等电点聚焦ILC - Ion liquid chromatography – 离子液相色谱法IMS - Ion mobility spectrometer – 离子淌度光谱仪IR - Infrared spectrometry – 红外光谱法LC - Liquid chromatography – 液相色谱法µLC - Microcolumn LC – 微径柱LCLC/MS - Coupled HPLC- mass spectrometry – LC/MS联用LIFD - Laser-induced fluorescence detection – 激光诱导荧光检测LLE - Liquid-liquid extraction – 液液萃取LSC - Liquid scintillation counting – 液滴闪烁计数LSE - Liquid-solid extraction – 液固萃取MD - Mass detection – 质量检测MECC - Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography – 胶束电动毛细管色谱法MSD - Mass selective detection – 质量选择检测NICI/MS - Negative-ion CI/MS – 负离子CI/MSNMR - Nuclear magnetic resonance – 核磁共振NP/HPLC - Normal-phase HPLC – 正相HPLCNPD - Nitrogen phosphorous detection – 氮磷检测PAD - Pulsed-amperometric detection – 脉冲电流检测PAGE - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis – 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCR - Post-column reaction (on-line) – 后柱反应(在线)PDA - Photodiode array – 二极管阵列PI/HPLC - Paired-ion HPLC – 离子对上HPLCPICI/MS - Positive-ion CI/MS – 正离子CI/MS1H-NMR - Proton NMR – 质子NMRPSFID - Phosphorus sulfur flame ionization detection – 磷硫火焰离子化检测PTLC - Preparative TLC – 制备TLCRD - Radioactivity detection – 放射性检测RI - Refractive index detection – 示差折光检测RIA – Radioimmunoassay – 放射免疫测定RP/HPLC - Reversed-phase HPLC – 反相HPLCRRA - Radioreceptor assay – 放射受体测定SAX - Strong anion exchange – 强阴离子交换SCX - Strong cation exchange – 强阳离子交换SDS-PAGE - Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE – 十二烷基磺酸钠PAGESEC - Size exclusion chromatography – 尺寸排阻色谱法SFC - Supercritical-fluid chromatography – 超临界流体色谱法SID - Surface ionization detection – 表面离子化检测SIM - Selective ion monitoring – 选择性离子监测SPE - Solid phase extraction – 固相萃取TCA - Total carbon analysis – 总碳分析TCD - Thermal conductivity detection – 热导检测2-D TLC - Two-dimensional TLC – 二维TLCTEA - Thermal energy analyzer – 热能分析仪TLC - Thin layer chromatography – 薄层色谱法TSMS - Mass spectrometric detection with thermospray interface – 带热喷雾接口的质谱检测UV/VIS - Ultraviolet/visible detection – 紫外/可见光检测WAX - Weak anion exchange – 弱阴离子交换WCX - Weak cation exchange – 弱阳离子交换¶ 以上内容来自中国‘中国色谱网’http://www.sepu.net,收集整理vabs lee(vabs@163.com) 。

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