色谱术语
色谱分离-2
意义： 溶质流过色谱柱时，K大的组份通过色 谱柱所需要的时间长，K小的组份需要的时 间短。 当样品中各组份在两相的m不同时， 就能实现差速迁移，达到分离的目的。
2、基线：在实验条件下，色谱 柱仅有纯流动相进入检测器 时的流出曲线称为基线。 3、峰高：色谱峰顶与基线间的 垂直距离，以h表示。 4、保留值： A 死时间tm：不被固定相吸附或 溶解的物质进入色谱柱时， 从进样到出现峰极大值所需 的时间。因为物质不被固定 相吸附，故其流动速度将与 流动相的流动速度相近： B保留时间tr ：试样从进样到柱 后出现峰极大点时所经历的 时间。 C 调整保留时间tr’： .
GFC可分离系统体积介于V0和Vt之间的溶
质，分离精度有限，料液处理量也很小，只有
当料液体积小于两溶质的洗脱体积差，才有可
能完全分离。
二、 凝胶层析的操作
（1）凝胶的处理 葡聚糖凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶以干品出售的，所 以在使用前必须溶胀。可以将它们浸泡在洗脱剂中， 慢慢搅拌。 洗脱剂应具有一定的离子强度（约为0.08）。这 是因为大多数凝胶都含有少量羧基，如果洗脱剂的离 子强度低于0.08，少量羧基不能被屏蔽，凝胶颗粒就 具有离子交换性质，从而改变溶质的分配系数。
将色谱柱视为精馏塔，即色谱柱是一系列连续的、 相等的水平塔板组成。 每一块塔板高(plate high)为H。 假设在每一块塔板上，溶质在两相间很快达到分 配平衡，然后随着流动相按一个一个塔板的方式向前 转移。对一长为L的色谱柱，溶质平衡的次数应为：
n称为 理论塔板数 (theoretical plate number)。 与精馏塔一样，色谱柱的柱效 随理论塔板数n的 增加而增加，随塔板高H的增大而减小。
气相色谱中常用的术语和参数
1.典型的色谱图在用热导检测器时，往色谱仪中注入带有少量空气的单一样品时，得到图1-3-4的典型气相色谱图。
在图1-3-4中当没有样品进入色谱仪检测器时0t是噪声随时间变化的曲线，一般是一条直线，叫作“基线” 。
h是峰高，其他符号将在后边解释。
2. 区域宽度区域宽度是色谱流出曲线中很重要的参数，它的大小反映色谱柱或所选色谱条件的好坏。
区域宽度有以下三种表示方法：（1）半高峰宽（peak width at half height）（Wh/2）是在峰高一半处的色谱峰的宽度，即图 1-3--2中的CD ，单位可用时间或距离表示。
（2）峰宽（peak width）（W ）是在流出曲线拐点处作切线，在图1-3-2中于基线上相交于E，F 处，此两点间的距离叫峰宽，有些色谱书上叫做“基线宽度” 。
（3）标准偏差（σ ）在图 1-3-2中AB距离的一半叫标准偏差。
在这三种表示方法中以前两者使用较多，三者的关系是：3. 保留值（retention value）保留值是总称，具体参数的名称有以下一些：（1）死时间（dead time）(tM) 一些不被固定相吸收或吸附的气体通过色谱柱的时间，如用热导池作检测器时，从注射空气样品到空气峰顶出现时的时间，以s或min为单位表示。
（2）死体积（dead volume）（Vm）指色谱柱中不被固定相占据的空间及进样系统管道和检测系统的总体积，等于死时间乘以载气的流速。
（3）死区域（dead zone）（ Vg）指色谱柱中不被固定相占据的空间。
（4）保留时间（retention time）（ tR）从注射样品到色谱峰顶出现时的时间，以s或min为单位表示。
（5）调整保留时间（adjusted retention time）保留时间减去死时间即为调整保留时间（tR-tM）。
（6）保留体积（retention volume）（ Vr）从注射样品到色谱峰顶出现时，通过色谱系统载气的体积，一般可用保留时间乘载气流速求得，以mL为单位表示。
第二节 色谱分析的基本术语
图中O’A’
2. 保留时间(tR)
指组分从进样开始到柱后出现浓度 最大值时所需要的时间。
保留时间取决于色谱过程的热力学因
素，在一定色谱体系和操作条件下，任何 一种化合物都有一个确定的保留时间，这 是色谱定性分析的依据。
图中O’B
3. 调整保留时间(t’R)
指扣除死时间后的保留时间。
t’R= tR- t0
ux u R.......... ......(2)
ms m M ms m M k 1 (3) mM mM mM
(3)代入(1)得 mM 1 R .......... .......( ) 4 mS mM k 1
又：试样通过柱子所时间： 需
tR
L ux L u
(七)几种色谱参数间的关系
设：柱中流动相的流速为 u
试样分子X的平均线速为 ux 色谱柱柱长为 L
试样分子X分配到流动相的分数为 R
则
mM mM R .......... ..........1) ( m总 m S m M
显然，ux的大小取决于样品分子X分配在
流动相中的分数R和流动相的线速度u，即:
' t R t0 t R tR k 1 .......... ........( ) 7 t0 t0 t0
(7) 式提供了从色谱图上直接计算分配比 (k) 的方法。 它指出 k 是组分的调整保留时间与死时间之比。
(八)色谱基本保留方程
VR VM KVS
自己推导 此方程
分配系数不同的各组分具有不同的 保留值，因而在色谱图上有不同位置的 色谱峰。 VS: 固定相的体积 VM: 流动相的体积
色谱术语中英对照
1、气相色谱法（GC）—gas chromatography用气体做为流动相的色法。
2、气液色谱法（GLC）—gas liquid chromatography 将固定液涂在载体上作为固定相的气相色谱法。
3、气固色谱法（GSC）—gas solid chromatography 用固体（一般指吸附剂）作固定相的气相色谱法。
4、程序升温气相色谱法—programmed temperature gas chromatography 色谱柱按照预定的程序连续地或分阶段地进升温的气相色谱法。
5、反应气相色谱法—reaction gas chromatography 试样以过色谱前、后的反应区进行化学反应的气相色谱法。
6、裂解气相色谱法—pyrolysis gas chromatography 试样经过高温、激光、电弧等途径，裂解为较小分子后进入色谱柱的气相色谱法。
7、顶空报相色谱法—haed （应为head -编者注）space gas chromatography d在密闭的容器中与液体（或）固体）试样处于势力学平衡（应为热力学平衡 -编者注）状态的气相组分，是间接测定试样中挥发性组分的一种方法。
8、毛细管气相色谱法—capillary gas chromatography 使用具有高分离效能的毛细管柱的气相色谱法。
9、多维气相色谱法—multidimensional gas chromatography 将两个或多个色谱柱组合，通过切换，可进行正吹、反吹或切割等的气相色谱法。
10、制备气相色谱法—preparative gas chromatography 用能处理较大量试样的色谱系统，进行分离、切割和收集组分，以提纯化全物的气相色谱法。
11、色谱柱：chromatographic column内有固定相用以分离混合组分的柱管。
12、填充柱：packed cklumn （应为column-编者注）填充了固定相的色谱柱。
色谱术语中英文对照
色谱字典（术语大全）中文英文色谱图c h r o m a t o g r a m色谱峰c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c p e a k峰底p e a k b a s e峰高h，p e a k h e i g h t峰宽W，p e a k w i d t h半高峰宽W h/2，p e a k w i d t h a t h a l f h e i g h t峰面积A，p e a k a r e a拖尾峰t a i l i n g a r e a前伸峰l e a d i n g a r e a假峰g h o s t p e a k畸峰d i s t o r t e d p e a k反峰n e g a t i v e p e a k拐点i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t原点o r i g i n斑点s p o t区带z o n e复班m u l t i p l e s p o t区带脱尾z o n e t a i l i n g基线b a s e l i n e基线漂移b a s e l i n e d r i f t基线噪声N，b a s e l i n e n o i s e统计矩m o m e n t一阶原点矩γ1，f i r s t o r i g i n m o m e n t二阶中心矩μ2，s e c o n d c e n t r a l m o m e n t三阶中心矩μ3，t h i r d c e n t r a l m o m e n t液相色谱法l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，L C液液色谱法l i q u i d l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，L L C 液固色谱法l i q u i d s o l i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，L S C 正相液相色谱法n o r m a l p h a s e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y反相液相色谱法r e v e r s e d p h a s e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y，R P L C柱液相色谱法l i q u i d c o l u m n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y高效液相色谱法h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e l i q u i dc h r o m a t o g r a p h y，H P L C尺寸排除色谱法s i z e e x c l u s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，S E C凝胶过滤色谱法g e l f i l t r a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y凝胶渗透色谱法g e l p e r m e a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，G P C亲和色谱法a f f i n i t y c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子交换色谱法i o n e x c h a n g e c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，I E C 离子色谱法i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子抑制色谱法i o n s u p p r e s s i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子对色谱法i o n p a i r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y疏水作用色谱法h y d r o p h o b i c i n t e r a c t i o nc h r o m a t o g r a p h y制备液相色谱法p r e p a r a t i v e l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y 平面色谱法p l a n a r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y纸色谱法p a p e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y薄层色谱法t h i n l a y e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y，T L C高效薄层色谱法h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y，H P T L C浸渍薄层色谱法i m p r e g n a t e d t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y凝胶薄层色谱法g e l t h i n l a y e r c h r o m a t o g r a p h y离子交换薄层色谱法i o n e x c h a n g e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y制备薄层色谱法p r e p a r a t i v e t h i n l a y e rc h r o m a t o g r a p h y薄层棒色谱法t h i n l a y e r r o d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y液相色谱仪l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h制备液相色谱仪p r e p a r a t i v e l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h 凝胶渗透色谱仪g e l p e r m e a t i o n c h r o m a t o g r a p h涂布器s p r e a d e r点样器s a m p l e a p p l i c a t o r色谱柱c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c c o l u m n棒状色谱柱m o n o l i t h c o l u m n m o n o l i t h c o l u m n微粒柱m i c r o p a r t i c l e c o l u m n填充毛细管柱p a c k e d c a p i l l a r y c o l u m n空心柱o p e n t u b u l a r c o l u m n微径柱m i c r o b o r e c o l u m n混合柱m i x e d c o l u m n组合柱c o u p l e d c o l u m n预柱p r e c o l u m n保护柱g u a r d c o l u m n预饱和柱p r e s a t u r a t i o n c o l u m n浓缩柱c o n c e n t r a t i n g c o l u m n抑制柱s u p p r e s s i o n c o l u m n薄层板t h i n l a y e r p l a t e浓缩区薄层板c o n c e n t r a t i n g t h i n l a y e r p l a t e荧光薄层板f l u o r e s c e n c e t h i n l a y e r p l a t e反相薄层板r e v e r s e d p h a s e t h i n l a y e r p l a t e梯度薄层板g r a d i e n t t h i n l a y e r p l a t e烧结板s i n t e r e d p l a t e展开室d e v e l o p m e n t c h a m b e r往复泵r e c i p r o c a t i n g p u m p注射泵s y r i n g e p u m p气动泵p n e u m a t i c p u m p蠕动泵p e r i s t a l t i c p u m p检测器d e t e c t o r微分检测器d i f f e r e n t i a l d e t e c t o r积分检测器i n t e g r a l d e t e c t o r总体性能检测器b u l k p r o p e r t y d e t e c t o r溶质性能检测器s o l u t e p r o p e r t y d e t e c t o r(示差)折光率检测器[d i f f e r e n t i a l]r e f r a c t i v e i n d e xd e t e c t o r荧光检测器f l u o r e s c e n c e d e t e c t o r紫外可见光检测器u l t r a v i o l e t v i s i b l e d e t e c t o r电化学检测器e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l d e t e c t o r蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[l a s e r]l i g h t s c a t t e r i n g d e t e c t o r光密度计d e n s i t o m e t e r薄层扫描仪t h i n l a y e r s c a n n e r柱后反应器p o s t-c o l u m n r e a c t o r体积标记器v o l u m e m a r k e r记录器r e c o r d e r积分仪i n t e g r a t o r馏分收集器f r a c t i o n c o l l e c t o r工作站w o r k s t a t i o n固定相s t a t i o n a r y p h a s e固定液s t a t i o n a r y l i q u i d载体s u p p o r t柱填充剂c o l u m n p a c k i n g化学键合相填充剂c h e m i c a l l y b o n d e d p h a s ep a c k i n g薄壳型填充剂p e l l i c u l a r p a c k i n g多孔型填充剂p o r o u s p a c k i n g吸附剂a d s o r b e n t离子交换剂i o n e x c h a n g e r基体m a t r i x载板s u p p o r t p l a t e粘合剂b i n d e r流动相m o b i l e p h a s e洗脱(淋洗)剂e l u a n t，e l u e n t展开剂d e v e l o p e r等水容剂i s o h y d r i c s o l v e n t改性剂m o d i f i e r显色剂c o l o r[d e v e l o p i n g]a g e n t死时间t0，d e a d t i m e保留时间t R，r e t e n t i o n t i m e调整保留时间t'R，a d j u s t e d r e t e n t i o n t i m e死体积V0，d e a d v o l u m e保留体积v R，r e t e n t i o n v o l u m e调整保留体积v'R，a d j u s t e d r e t e n t i o n v o l u m e柱外体积V e x t，e x t r a-c o l u m n v o l u n e粒间体积V0，i n t e r s t i t i a l v o l u m e(多孔填充剂的)孔体积V P，p o r e v o l u m e o f p o r o u s p a c k i n g液相总体积V t o l，t o t a l l i q u i d v o l u m e洗脱体积v e，e l u t i o n v o l u m e流体力学体积v h，h y d r o d y n a m i c v o l u m e相对保留值r i.s，r e l a t i v e r e t e n t i o n v a l u e分离因子α，s e p a r a t i o n f a c t o r流动相迁移距离d m，m o b i l e p h a s e m i g r a t i o nd i s t a n c e流动相前沿m o b i l e p h a s e f r o n t溶质迁移距离d s，s o l u t e m i g r a t i o n d i s t a n c e比移值R f，R f v a l u e高比移值h R f，h i g h R f v a l u e相对比移值R i.s，r e l a t i v e R f v a l u e保留常数值R m，R m v a l u e板效能p l a t e e f f i c i e n c y折合板高h r，r e d u c e d p l a t e h e i g h t分离度R，r e s o l u t i o n液相载荷量l i q u i d p h a s e l o a d i n g离子交换容量i o n e x c h a n g e c a p a c i t y负载容量l o a d i n g c a p a c i t y渗透极限p e r m e a b i l i t y l i m i t排除极限V h，m a x，e x c l u s i o n l i m i t拖尾因子T，t a i l i n g f a c t o r柱外效应e x t r a-c o l u m n e f f e c t管壁效应w a l l e f f e c t间隔臂效应s p a c e r a r m e f f e c t边缘效应e d g e e f f e c t斑点定位法l o c a l i z a t i o n o f s p o t放射自显影法a u t o r a d i o g r a p h y原位定量i n s i t u q u a n t i t a t i o n生物自显影法b i o a u t o g r a p h y归一法n o r m a l i z a t i o n m e t h o d内标法i n t e r n a l s t a n d a r d m e t h o d外标法e x t e r n a l s t a n d a r d m e t h o d叠加法a d d i t i o n m e t h o d普适校准(曲线、函数)c a l i b r a t i o n f u n c t i o n o r c u r v e[f u n c t i o n]谱带扩展(加宽)b a n d b r o a d e n i n g(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线u n i v e r s a l c a l i b r a t i o n f u n c t i o n o r c u r v e[o f s e p a r a t i o n]加宽校正b r o a d e n i n g c o r r e c t i o n加宽校正因子b r o a d e n i n g c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r溶剂强度参数ε0，s o l v e n t s t r e n g t h p a r a m e t e r洗脱序列e l u o t r o p i c s e r i e s洗脱(淋洗)e l u t i o n等度洗脱g r a d i e n t e l u t i o n梯度洗脱g r a d i e n t e l u t i o n(再)循环洗脱r e c y c l i n g e l u t i o n线性溶剂强度洗脱l i n e a r s o l v e n t s t r e n g t h g r a d i e n t程序溶剂p r o g r a m m e d s o l v e n t程序压力p r o g r a m m e d p r e s s u r e程序流速p r o g r a m m e d f l o w展开d e v e l o p m e n t上行展开a s c e n d i n g d e v e l o p m e n t下行展开d e s c e n d i n g d e v e l o p m e n t双向展开t w o d i m e n s i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t环形展开c i r c u l a r d e v e l o p m e n t离心展开c e n t r i f u g a l d e v e l o p m e n t向心展开c e n t r i p e t a l d e v e l o p m e n t 径向展开r a d i a l d e v e l o p m e n t多次展开m u l t i p l e d e v e l o p m e n t分步展开s t e p w i s e d e v e l o p m e n t连续展开c o n t i n u o u s d e v e l o p m e n t 梯度展开g r a d i e n t d e v e l o p m e n t匀浆填充s l u r r y p a c k i n g停流进样s t o p-f l o w i n j e c t i o n阀进样v a l v e i n j e c t i o n柱上富集o n-c o l u m n e n r i c h m e n t流出液e l u a t e柱上检测o n-c o l u m n d e t e c t i o n柱寿命c o l u m n l i f e柱流失c o l u m n b l e e d i n g显谱v i s u a l i z a t i o n活化a c t i v a t i o n反冲b a c k f l u s h i n g脱气d e g a s s i n g沟流c h a n n e l i n g过载o v e r l o a d i n g。
色谱基本概念和理论
Ⅱ 基本概念和理论一、基本概念和术语1.色谱图和峰参数⊕色谱图（chromatogram）--样品流经色谱柱和检测器，所得到的信号－时间曲线，又称色谱流出曲线（elution profile）.⊕基线（base line）--流动相冲洗，柱与流动相达到平衡后，检测器测出一段时间的流出曲线。
一般应平行于时间轴。
⊕噪音（noise）――基线信号的波动。
通常因电源接触不良或瞬时过载、检测器不稳定、流动相含有气泡或色谱柱被污染所致。
⊕漂移（drift）基线随时间的缓缓变化。
主要由于操作条件如电压、温度、流动相及流量的不稳定所引起，柱内的污染物或固定相不断被洗脱下来也会产生漂移。
⊕色谱峰（peak）--组分流经检测器时相应的连续信号产生的曲线。
流出曲线上的突起部分。
正常色谱峰近似于对称性正态分布曲线（高斯Gauss曲线）。
不对称色谱峰有两种：前延峰（leading peak）和脱尾峰（tailing peak ）.前者少见。
⊕拖尾因子（tailing factor,T）--T=B/A,用以衡量色谱峰的对称性。
也称为对称因子（symmetry factor）或不对称因子（asymmetry factor）《中国药典》规定T应为0.95～1.05。
T<0.95为前延峰，T>1.05为拖尾峰。
⊕峰底――基线上峰的起点至终点的距离。
⊕峰高（Peak height,h）――峰的最高点至峰底的距离。
⊕峰宽（peak width,W）--峰两侧拐点处所作两条切线与基线的两个交点间的距离。
W=4σ。
⊕半峰宽（peak width at half-height,Wh/2）--峰高一半处的峰宽。
W h/2＝2.355σ。
⊕标准偏差（standard deviation, σ）--正态分布曲线x=±1时（拐点）的峰宽之半。
正常峰宽的拐点在峰高的0.607倍处。
标准偏差的大小说明组分在流出色谱柱过程中的分散程度。
HPLC的常用术语
第一部分色谱曲线1、色谱图（c h r o m a to g ra m）：色谱柱流出物通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号对时间或流动相流出体积的曲线图，或者通过适当的方法观察到的纸色谱或薄层色谱斑点、谱带的分布图。
2、（色谱）峰（c h r o m a to g ra p hi c pe a k）：色谱柱流出组分通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号的微分曲线。
3、峰底（p e a k b as e）：峰的起点与终点之间的连接的直线（图1中的C D）。
4、峰高（h，p e a k he i gh t）：色谱峰最大值点到峰底的距离（图1中的B E）。
5、峰宽（W，p e a k wi d th）：在峰两侧拐点（图1中的F，G）处所作切线与峰底相交两点的距离（图1中的K L）。
6、半高峰宽（W h/2，p ea k wi t hd at h al f h e ig h t）：通过峰高的中点作平行于峰底的直线，此直线与峰两侧相交两点之间的距离（图1中的H J）。
7、峰面积（A，p e a k a re a）：峰与峰底之间的面积（图1中的C H E J D C）。
8、拖尾峰（t a i l i n g p e ak）：后沿较前沿平缓的不对称的峰。
9、前伸峰（l e a d i n g p e ak）：前沿较后沿平缓的不对称的峰。
（又叫伸舌峰、前延峰）10、假峰（g h o s t p e a k）：除组分正常产生的色谱峰外，由于仪器条件的变化等原因而在谱图上出现的色谱峰，即并非由试样所产生的峰。
这种色谱峰并不代表具体某一组分，容易给定性、定量带来误差。
（又叫鬼峰）11、畸峰（d i s t r o r te d pe a k）：形状不对称的色谱峰，前伸峰、拖尾峰都属于这类。
12、反峰（n e g a t iv e p e ak）：也称倒峰、负峰，即出峰的方向与通常的方向相反的色谱峰。
13、原点（o r i g i n）：纸或薄层板上滴加试样部位的中心点（图２）。
分析实验室常用色谱术语中英文对照
分析实验室常用色谱术语中英文对照色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographicpeak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width athalf height峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，base line noise统计矩moment液相色谱法liquidchromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquidchromatography，LLC液固色谱法liquid solidchromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法normal phaseliquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phaseliquid chromatography，RPLC柱液相色谱法liquid columnchromatography高效液相色谱法high performanceliquid chromatography，HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法size exclusionchromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtrationchromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeationchromatography，GPC亲和色谱法affinitychromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchangechromatography，IEC离子色谱法ionchromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppressionchromatography离子对色谱法ion pairchromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobicinteraction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparativeliquid chromatography平面色谱法planarchromatography纸色谱法paperchromatography薄层色谱法thin layerchromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法highperformance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法impregnatedthin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layerchromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchangethin layer chromatography 制备薄层色谱法preparativethin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rodchromatography液相色谱仪liquidchromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparativeliquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeationchromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sampleapplicator色谱柱chromatographiccolumn棒状色谱柱monolith columnmonolith column微粒柱microparticlecolumn填充毛细管柱packedcapillary column空心柱open tubularcolumn微径柱microborecolumn混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturationcolumn浓缩柱concentratingcolumn抑制柱suppressioncolumn薄层板thin layerplate浓缩区薄层板concentratingthin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescencethin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phasethin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thinlayer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室developmentchamber往复泵reciprocatingpump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristalticpump检测器detector微分检测器differentialdetector积分检测器integraldetector总体性能检测器bulk propertydetector溶质性能检测器solute propertydetector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive indexdetector 荧光检测器fluorescencedetector紫外可见光检测器ultravioletvisible detector电化学检测器electrochemicaldetector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-columnreactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fractioncollector工作站work station固定相stationaryphase固定液stationaryliquid载体support柱填充剂column packing化学键合相填充剂chemicallybonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂pellicularpacking多孔型填充剂porous packing吸附剂adsorbent离子交换剂ion exchanger基体matrix载板support plate粘合剂binder流动相mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant，eluent展开剂developer等水容剂isohydricsolvent改性剂modifier显色剂color[developing] agent死时间t0，dead time保留时间tR，retentiontime调整保留时间t''R，adjustedretention time死体积V0，dead volume保留体积vR，retentionvolume调整保留体积v''R，adjustedretention volume柱外体积Vext，extra-columnvolune粒间体积V0，interstitialvolume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP，pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积Vtol，total liquidvolume洗脱体积ve，elutionvolume流体力学体积vh，hydrodynamicvolume相对保留值ri.s，relativeretention value分离因子α，separation factor流动相迁移距离dm，mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿mobile phasefront溶质迁移距离ds，solute migration distance比移值Rf，Rf value高比移值hRf，high Rf value相对比移值Ri.s，relative Rfvalue保留常数值Rm，Rm value板效能plateefficiency折合板高hr，reduced plate height分离度R，resolution液相载荷量liquid phaseloading离子交换容量ion exchangecapacity负载容量loadingcapacity渗透极限permeabilitylimit排除极限Vh，max，exclusion limit拖尾因子T，tailing factor柱外效应extra-columneffect管壁效应wall effect间隔臂效应spacer armeffect边缘效应edge effect归一法normalizationmethod内标法internalstandard method外标法external standardmethod叠加法addition method洗脱序列eluotropicseries洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱gradientelution梯度洗脱gradientelution(再)循环洗脱recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solventstrength gradient 程序溶剂programmedsolvent程序压力programmedpressure程序流速programmed flow。
色谱基本理论
色谱基本理论第一节色谱图及基本参数一、谱图：色谱柱流出物通过检测器时所产生的响应信号对时间的曲线图，其纵标为信号强度(mv)，横坐标为保留时间(min)。
二、关术语：色谱峰(Peak)：色谱柱流出组分通过检测器时产生的响应信号的微分曲线。
峰底(Peak Base)：峰的起点与终点之间连接的直线。
峰高h(Peak Height)：峰最大值到峰底的距离。
峰(底)宽W(Peak Width)：峰两侧拐点处所作切线与峰底相交两点之间的距离.就是从色谱峰两侧的转折点(拐点)作切线，在基线上的截距叫峰底宽；简称峰宽；峰高一半处色谱峰的宽度叫半峰宽。
由于色谱峰顶呈圆孤形，色谱峰的半峰宽并不等于峰底宽的一半半(高)峰宽W1/2(Peak Width at Half Height)：通过峰高的中点作平行于峰的直线，其与峰两侧相交两点之间的距离。
峰面积(Peak Area)：峰与峰底之间的面积，又称响应值。
标准偏差(σ)(Standard Error)：峰高的0.607倍处所对应峰宽的一半。
拖尾峰(Tailing Peak)：后沿较前沿平缓的不对称峰。
前伸峰(Leading Peak)：前沿较后沿平缓的不对称峰。
鬼峰(Ghost Peak)：不是试样所产生的峰，亦称假峰。
基线(Baseline)：在正常操作条件下,仅由流动相所产生的响应信号的曲线。
基线飘移(Baseline Drift)：基线随时间定向的缓慢变化。
基线噪声(N) (Baseline Noise)；由各种因素所引起的基线波动。
谱带扩展（Band Broadening）：由于纵向扩散，传质阻力等因素的影响，使组分在色谱柱内移动过程中谱带宽度增加的现象。
三、保留值的基本参数保留时间(t R)(Retention time)：组分从进样到出现峰最大值所需的时间。
死时间(t M)(Dead time)：不被固定相滞留的组分从进样到出现峰最大值所需的时间调整保留时间(t’R )：t R’= t R-t M，即扣除了死时间的保留时间。
色谱系统
阐明了色谱、蒸馏和萃取之 间的相似性，将色谱柱设想 成由许多液液萃取单元或理 论塔板组成；色谱分离也是 一个分配平衡过程。这就是 Martin等人提出的塔板理论。
(二)塔板理论--衡量柱效率的指标
Martin和Synge 由于对分配色谱的贡献1952年 获得
Nobel 化学奖。
把色谱柱比作一个精馏塔， 沿用精馏塔中塔板的概念来 描述组分在两相间的分配行 为，同时引入理论塔板数作 为衡量柱效率的指标，即色 谱柱是由一系列连续的、相 等水平的塔板组成。每一块 塔板的高度用H表示，称为塔 板高度，简称板高。
当n足够大时，溶质随流动相流过色谱柱。 溶质的移动速度取决于溶质分配在流动相中的 分数。如果溶质较易分配在固定相, 则它的移 动速度较慢。反之，如果溶质较易分配在流动 相，则溶质就容易从色谱柱中流出来。从数学 上说，流动速度取决于q （流动相中的溶质分 数）。 浓度最大的塔板号数rmax，即峰位置：
V0、t0与被测组分无关，因而V’R 、t’R 更合理地反映了物质在柱中的保留情况。
总结：
（1）色谱峰的位置即保留值—进行定
性分析。
（2）色谱峰的h .A —进行定量分析。
（3）色谱峰的位置及峰的宽度—可评 价色谱 柱效的高度。
色谱分析的目的是将样品中各组分彼此分 离，组分要达到完全分离，两峰间的距离必须 足够远。两峰间的距离是由组分在两相间的分 配系数决定的，即与色谱过程的热力学性质有 关。但是两峰间虽有一定距离，如果每个峰都 很宽，以致彼此重叠，还是不能分开。这些峰 的宽或窄是由组分在色谱柱中传质和扩散行为 决定的，即与色谱过程的动力学性质有关。因 此，要从热力学和动力学两方面来研究色谱行
B H A Cu u 该式称为速率方程（范氏方程）。
HPLC的常用术语等
HPLC的常用术语等第一部分色谱曲线1、色谱图（chromatogram）：色谱柱流出物通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号对时间或流动相流出体积的曲线图，或者通过适当的方法观察到的纸色谱或薄层色谱斑点、谱带的分布图。
2、（色谱）峰（chromatographic peak）：色谱柱流出组分通过检测器系统时所产生的响应信号的微分曲线。
3、峰底（peak base）：峰的起点与终点之间的连接的直线（图1 中的CD）。
4、峰高（h ，peak height）：色谱峰最大值点到峰底的距离（图1 中的BE）。
5、峰宽（W ，peak width）：在峰两侧拐点（图1 中的F ，G）处所作切线与峰底相交两点的距离（图1中的KL）。
6、半高峰宽（W h/2 ，peak withd at half height）：通过峰高的中点作平行于峰底的直线，此直线与峰两侧相交两点之间的距离（图1 中的HJ）。
7、峰面积（A ，peak area）：峰与峰底之间的面积（图1中的CHEJDC）。
8、拖尾峰（tailing peak）：后沿较前沿平缓的不对称的峰。
9、前伸峰（leading peak）：前沿较后沿平缓的不对称的峰。
（又叫伸舌峰、前延峰）10、假峰（ghost peak）：除组分正常产生的色谱峰外，由于仪器条件的变化等原因而在谱图上出现的色谱峰，即并非由试样所产生的峰。
这种色谱峰并不代表具体某一组分，容易给定性、定量带来误差。
（又叫鬼峰）11、畸峰（distrorted peak）：形状不对称的色谱峰，前伸峰、拖尾峰都属于这类。
12、反峰（negative peak）：也称倒峰、负峰，即出峰的方向与通常的方向相反的色谱峰。
14、原点（origin）：纸或薄层板上滴加试样部位的中心点（图２）。
15、斑点（spot）：平面色谱法中，组分在展开和显谱后呈现近似圆形或椭圆形的色区（图2）。
16、区带（zone）：在色谱柱、纸或薄层板上被分离组分所占的区域。
色谱术语大全
色谱术语大全色谱术语在分析化学领域具有重要的意义。
它们用于描述色谱技术中所涉及的过程、参数和方法。
本文将为您介绍一些常见的色谱术语，以帮助您更好地理解和应用色谱技术。
一、色谱基本概念1. 色谱法（Chromatography）：一种将化学混合物分离为其组成部分的物理方法，基于物质在移动相（流动相）和固定相（静止相）之间的分配行为。
2. 色谱柱（Column）：色谱仪中用来分离混合物成分的部分，通常由填料填充或涂覆固定相而成。
3. 流动相（Mobile Phase）：在色谱柱中通过的移动液体，负责将样品分离物质携带到检测器。
4. 静止相（Stationary Phase）：在色谱柱中的固定填料或涂覆物，用于与分离物质相互作用，实现其分离。
5. 保留时间（Retention Time）：某化合物从进样口注入到达检测器所需的时间，用来表征化合物在色谱柱中的保留情况。
二、气相色谱术语1. 气相色谱（Gas Chromatography, GC）：将气体作为流动相用于分离物质的色谱技术。
2. 气相色谱柱（Gas Chromatography Column）：用于气相色谱分离的柱子，通常由带有固定相的管子构成。
3. 信号峰（Peak）：在色谱图中呈现的峰状信号，用来表示各组分在不同保留时间下的峰值。
4. 分辨力（Resolution）：色谱柱对两相邻峰的识别和分离能力。
5. 峰宽度（Peak Width）：色谱图中峰的宽度，常用于评估色谱分离的效果。
三、高效液相色谱术语1. 高效液相色谱（High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC）：将液体作为流动相用于分离物质的色谱技术。
2. 高效液相色谱柱（High Performance Liquid Chromatography Column）：在HPLC中用于分离物质的柱子，通常由填料或涂覆有固定相材料制成。
3. 保留因子（Retention Factor）：衡量某化合物在流动相和静止相之间分配行为的指标，通常由某组分的保留时间与流动相通过时间之比计算得出。
中英文色谱术语大全(900词)
阴离子交换色谱法anion exchange chromatography, AEC 阴离子交换树脂anion exchange resin荧光薄层板fluorescent thin layer plate荧光检测器fluorescence detector荧光色谱法fluorescence chromatography迎头色谱法frontal chromatography迎头色谱法frontal method硬（质）凝胶hard gel涌浪效应surge effect有机改进剂organic modifier有机相生物传感器Organic biosensor有效峰数effective peak number EPN有效理论塔板数number of effective theoretical plates有效塔板高度effective plate height有效淌度effective mobility釉化处理glazing淤浆填充法slurry packing method予柱guard column予柱pre-column圆筒模型cylindrical model圆型纸色谱法circular paper chromatography圆形色谱法circular chromatography圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor…圆锥模型conical model载气carrier gas载气净化器carry gas cleanser载气流速flow rate载气平均流速average flow rate载体support载体的钝化deactivation of support载体的活性部位active site of support载体涂层开口管柱support coated open tubular column，SCOT再生剂regenerant在线电堆集on-line electrical stacking在柱电导率检测on-column electrical conductivity detection噪声noise噪信比noise –signal ratio皂膜流量计soap film gas meter增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术UV-visible absorption enhanced det…窄粒度分布narrow particle size distribution粘度检测器viscosity detector展开development展开槽developing tank展开槽饱和Chamber saturation展开剂developer折射率检测器refractive index detector, RID真空脱气装置vacuum degasser阵列毛细管电泳capillary array electrophoresis蒸发光散射检测器evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD整体性质检测器integral property detector正相高效液相色谱法normal phase high performance liquid chro…正相离子对色谱法normal phase ion-pair chromatography正相毛细管电色谱positive capillary e lectrokinetic chromatog…直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS直接激光在柱吸收检测on-column direct laser detection指数式流动exponential flow纸色谱法paper chromatography置换色谱法displacement chromatography制备色谱preparative chromatography制备色谱仪preparative chromatograph制备柱preparation column智能色谱chromatography with artificial intelligence质量流量mass flow rate质量色谱mass chromatography质量型检测器mass detector质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector中空纤维抑制器hollow fiber suppressor中压液相色谱middle-pressure liquid chromatography重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram重均分子量weight mean molecular weight轴向扩散longitudinal diffusion轴向吸收池absorption pool of axial direction轴向压缩柱axial compression column柱端电导率检测out-let end detection of electrical conductiv…柱负载能力column loadability柱后衍生化post-column derivatization柱老化column ageing柱老化condition (aging) of column柱流出物(column) effluent柱流失column bleeding柱内径column internal diameter柱前衍生化pro-column derivatization柱切换技术column switching technique柱清洗column cleaning柱容量column capacity柱入口压力column inlet pressure柱色谱法column chromatography柱上检测on-line detection柱渗透性column permeability柱寿命column life柱头进样column head sampling柱外效应extra-column effect柱温箱column oven柱效column efficiency柱压column pressure柱再生column regeneration柱中衍生化on-column derivatization注射泵syringe pump转化定量法trans-quantitative method紫外-可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis紫外吸收检测器ultraviolet absorption detector自动进样器automatic sampler自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 总分离效能指标over-all resolution efficiency总交换容量total exchange capacity总渗透体积total osmotic volume纵向扩散longitudinal diffusion组合式仪器系统building block instrument最佳流速optimum flow rate最佳实际流速optimum practical flow rate最小检测量minimum detectable quantity最小检测浓度minimum detectable concentration萃取色谱法extraction chromatography氩电离检测器argon ionization detector螯合离子交换剂chelating ion exchanger螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography螯合树脂chelating resin脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器DNA sensor外标法external standard method外梯度outside gradient网状结构reticular structure往复泵reciprocating pump往复式隔膜泵reciprocating diaphragm pump微分型检测器differential detector微孔树脂micro-reticular resin微库仑检测器micro coulometric detector微量进样针micro-syringe微量色谱法micro-chromatography微膜抑制器micro-membrane suppressor微乳液电动色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography 微生物传感器Microbial sensor微生物显影bioautography微填充柱micro-packed column微吸附检测器micro adsorption detector微型柱micro-column尾吹气make-up gas味觉传感器taste sensor涡流扩散eddy diffusion无放射源电子俘获检测器non-radioactive electron capture det e…无机离子交换剂inorganic ion exchanger无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis无孔单分散填料non-porous monodisperse packing无脉动色谱泵pulse-free chromatographic pump物理钝化法physical deactivation吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附剂adsorbing material吸附剂活性adsorbent activity吸附平衡常数adsorption equilibrium constant吸附溶剂强度参数adsorption solvent strength parameter吸附色谱法adsorption chromatography吸附型PLOT柱adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum…吸附柱adsorption column吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method洗脱强度eluting power下行展开法descending development method显色器color-developing sprayer限制扩散理论theory of restricted diffusion线速度linear velocity线性梯度linear gradient相比率phase ratio相对保留值relative retention value相对比移值relative Rf value相对挥发度relative volatility相对灵敏度relative sensitivity相对碳（重量）响应因子relative carbon response factor相对响应值relative response相对校正因子relative correction factor相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量heat lens detection of intersect …相似相溶原则rule of similarity响应时间response time响应值response小角激光散射光度计low-angle laser light scatter ing photomet…小内径毛细管柱Microbore column校正保留体积corrected retention volume校正曲线法calibration curve method校正因子correction factor芯片电泳microchip electrophoresis旋转薄层法rotating thin layer chromatography旋转小室逆流色谱rotational little-chamber counter-current c…选择性检测器selective detector循环色谱法recycling chromatography压电晶体piezoelectric crystal压电免疫传感器Piezoelectric Immunosensor压电转换器piezoelectric transducer压力保护pressure protect压力上限pressure high limit压力梯度校正因子pressure gradient correction factor压力下限pressure low limit盐析色谱法salting-out chromatography盐析纸色谱法salting-out paper chromatography衍生化法derivatization method衍生化试剂derivatization reagent阳离子交换剂cation exchanger阳离子交换色谱法cation exchange chromatography, CEC氧化铝色谱法alumina chromatography样品环sample loop样品预处理sample pretreatment液-液分配色谱法liquid-liquid partition chromatography液-液色谱法liquid-liquid chromatography液滴逆流色谱drop counter-current chromatography液固色谱liquid-solid chromatography液晶固定相liquid crystal stationary phase液态离子交换剂liquid ion exchanger液相传质阻力resistance of liquid mass transfer液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用liquid chromatography-FTIR液相色谱-质谱分析法liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 液相色谱-质谱仪liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer液相色谱法liquid chromatography液相载荷量liquid phase loading一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography抑制器suppressor抑制型电导检测suppressed conductance detection抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC抑制柱suppressed column溢流区flooded zonevvv溶解度参数solubility parameter溶液性能检测器solution property detector溶胀swelling溶质性质检测器solute property detector容量因子capacity factor绒毛促性腺传感器Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor乳胶附聚型离子交换剂latex-agglomerated ion exchanger软（质）凝胶soft gel弱碱性阴离子交换剂weak-base anion exchanger弱酸性阳离子交换剂weakly acidic cation exchanger塞式流plug flow塞式流动plug flow色谱法chromatography色谱峰chromatographic peak色谱峰区域宽度peak width色谱富集过样samt injection of chromatography色谱工作站chromatographic working station色谱图chromatogram色谱仪chromatograph色谱纸chromatographic paper色谱柱chromatographic column色谱柱column色谱柱切换技术switching column technique筛分介质sieving medium上行展开法ascending development method蛇笼（状）树脂snake cage resin射频放电检测器radiofrequency discharge detector渗透极限分子量permeation limit molecular weight生物耗氧传感器Biological oxygen-consumption sensor 生物利用度bioavailability生物膜电极Biomembrane electrode生物亲和型传感器Biological affinity sensor生物色谱biological chromatography生物特异性柱biospecific column生物自显影法bioautography升温速率temperature rate湿法柱填充wet column packing十八烷基键合硅胶octadecyl silane石墨化碳黑graphitized carbon black实心载体solid support示差折光检测器differential refraction detector试剂显色法reagent color-developing method手动进样器manual injector手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相chiral amino acid derivatives stat…手性拆分试剂chiral selectors手性固定相chiral stationary phase手性固定相拆分法chiral solid phase separation手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相chiral cyclodextrin der GC手性金属络合物GC固定相chirametal stationary phase in GC手性流动相chiral mobile phase手性流动相拆分法chiral mobile phase separation手性气相色谱法chiral gas chromatography手性色谱chiral chromatography手性试剂chiral reagent手性衍生化法chiral derivation method疏溶剂理论solvophobic theory疏溶剂色谱法solvophobic chromatography疏溶剂作用理论solvophobic interaction principle疏水作用色谱hydrophobic interaction chromatography 树脂交换容量exchange capacity of resin数均分子量number mean molecular weight双保留机理dual reservation mechanism双电层electrical double layer双活塞往复泵two-piston reciprocating pump双束差分检测器detector of dual-beam difference双向展开法two-dimensional development method双柱定性法double-column qualitative method双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography双柱色谱法dual column chromatography水凝胶hydragel水系凝胶色谱柱aqua-system gel column瞬间离子基体效应moment ion matrix effect死区域dead zone死体积dead volume塑料泵plastic pump酸洗法acid wash酸性染料比色法acid dye colorimetry塔板理论方程plate theory equation碳分子筛carbon molecular sieve唐南排斥Donnan exclusion特殊选择固定液selective stationary phase梯度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱装置gradient elution device梯度液相色谱gradient liquid chromatography体积排斥理论size exclusion theory体积排斥色谱size exclusion chromatography体积色谱法volumetric chromatography填充毛细管柱packed capillary column填充柱packed column填料packing material停流进样stop-flow injection通用型检测器common detector涂壁毛细管柱wall coated open tubular column，WCOT 涂布器spreader涂层毛细管coated capillary涂渍coat涂渍效率coating efficiency拖尾峰tailing peak拖尾因子tailing factor流动相mobile phase流动相梯度eluent gradient流体动力学进样hydrostatic pressure injection流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume流型扩散dispersion due to flow profile螺旋传动注射泵screw-driven syringe pump罗什那德常数Rohrschneider’s constant麦克雷诺常数MacReynold’s constant脉冲阻尼器pulse damper毛细管壁静态改性static modification of capillary wall毛细管超临界流体色谱法capillary supercritical fluid chromat…毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用capillary electrophoresis –electr…毛细管电泳基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱离线检测off-line capillar…毛细管电泳离子分析capillary ion analysis毛细管电泳免疫分析immunity analysis of capillary electropho…毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis毛细管凝胶柱capillary gel column毛细管亲和电泳affinity capillary electrophoresis毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis毛细管有效长度the effective length of capillary electrophor…毛细管柱的交联cross-linked capillary毛细管柱去活capillary column deactivation酶传感器Enzyme sensor酶联免疫传感器Enzyme linked immunosensor酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay内标法internal standard method内标物internal standard内梯度inside gradient能量转移技术energy transfer technique逆流色谱法counter-current chromatography逆流色谱仪counter current chromatograph尿素传感器Urea sensor凝胶过滤色谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶内体积gel inner volume凝胶色谱法gel chromatography凝胶色谱仪gel chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱gel permeation chromatography凝胶外体积gel interstitial volume凝胶柱gel column浓度梯度成像检测器concentration gradient imaging detector 浓度型检测器concentration detector浓度型检测器concentration sensitive detector爬行模型crawl model排斥极限分子量exclusion limit molecular weight排斥体积exclusion volume排阻薄层色谱法exclusion TLC泡形池bubble form pool配位体交换色谱ligand exchange chromatography漂移drift平板色谱planar chromatography平衡排斥理论equilibrium exclusion theory平面色谱法Planar chromatography葡萄糖传感器Glucose sensor气-固色谱法gas-solid chromatography, GSC气-液色谱法gas-liquid chromatography, GLC气动泵pneumatic pump气体密度天平检测器gas density balance detector气雾剂取样法aerosol sampling method气相传质阻力resistance of gas mass transfer气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪chromatograph coupled with i nfrared…气相色谱-质谱联用仪gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer气相色谱法gas chromatography，GC气相色谱仪gas chromatography气相色谱专家系统expert system of gas chromatography汽化室vaporizer迁移时间migration time迁移时间窗口the window of migration time前延峰leading peak前沿色谱法frontal chromatography强碱性阴离子交换剂strong-base anion exchanger强酸性阳离子交换剂strongly acidic cation exchanger鞘流池sheath flow pool鞘流液sheath flow liquid切换时间switching time切线切割法tangent incision method亲硅醇基效应silanophilic interaction亲和色谱法affinity chromatography氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization detector, FID氰基键合相cyano-bonded phase区域扩展zone spreading去离子水deionized water去尾剂tailing reducer全多孔硅胶macro-reticular silica gel全多孔型填料macro-reticular packing material全二维色谱Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography…全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation热导检测器thermal conductivity detector,TCD热离子检测器thermionic detector热色谱法chromatothermography热丝（带）裂解器filament pyrolyzer热透镜光谱检测法heat lens absorbance detection热微量转移薄层色谱法thermomicro and transfer- application- …溶剂泵solvent pump溶剂强度solvent strength激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS, LDMS激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer激光色谱laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测detection of laser-induced light beam I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰memory peak记忆效应memory effect夹层槽sandwich chamber假峰ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度（检测）离子色谱法indirect photometric ion chroma to…间接光度（检测）色谱法indirect photometric chromatography间接检测indirect detection间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection检测器detector检测器检测限detector detectability检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity检测器线性范围detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector, AFID碱洗法alkali wash剪纸称重法cut-paper weighing method减尾剂tailing reducer减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography键合固定相bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger焦耳热joule heating胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography交联度crosslinking degree阶梯梯度stagewise gradient介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC 金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography进样阀injection valve进样量sample size进样器injector静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis静态涂渍法static coating method径流柱radial flow column径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography径向压缩柱radial compression column径向展开法radial development径向展开色谱radial development chromatography净保留体积net retention volume居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器absolute detector开口分流open split开口管柱open tubular column可见光检测器visible light detector可交换离子exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space空穴色谱法vacancy chromatography孔结构pore structure孔径pore diameter孔径分布pore size distribution控制单元control unit快速色谱法high-speed chromatography快原子枪fast atom gun离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography, IPC离子对试剂ion pair reagent离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型ion pair formation model离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换位置ion exchange site离子交换柱ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography, ICE离子色谱法ion chromatography, IC离子色谱仪ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography, IIC离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography, ISC理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate（HETP）理论塔板数number of theoretical plates两性电解质ampholytes两性离子zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration淋洗剂eluent淋洗离子eluent ion淋洗色谱法elution chromatography馏分收集器fraction collector流动池flow cell峰面积测量法measurement of peak area峰面积校正calibration of peak area峰容量peak capacity复合柱combined column改性载体modified support干法柱填充dry column packing干凝胶xerogel干扰抑制电导率检测detection of interfere and restrain condu…干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography, DCC高分子多孔微球porous polymer beads, GDX高速逆流色谱法high speed counter-current chromatography高温硅烷化去活high temperature silanizing deactivation高温凝胶色谱法high temperature gel chromatography高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch…高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效柱high performance column高压流通池技术high pressure flow cell technique高压输液泵high pressure pump高压梯度high-pressure gradient高压液相色谱法high pressure liquid chromatography戈雷方程式Golay equation戈雷柱Golay column隔膜泵diaphragm pump隔膜进样septum sampling工业色谱industrial chromatography工业色谱仪industrial chromatograph工作流速working flow rate功能基团functional group谷丙转氨酶传感器Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor,GPT固定化酶immobilized enzyme固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid固定液的相对极性relative polarity of stationary liquid固定液极性stationary liquid polarity固相扩散solid diffusion固相荧光免疫分析solid phase fluorescence immunoassay 固有粘度intrinsic viscosity官能团保留指数function retention index官能团色谱图functional group chromatogram, FGC冠醚固定相crown ether stationary phase管壁效应wall effect管式炉裂解器tube furnace pyrolyzer灌注色谱法perfusion chromatography贯注色谱填料perfusion chromatography packing光离子化检测器photo-ionization detector, PID光密度计densitometer光谱差减法spectral subtraction method光散射检测器light scattering detector光声检测法photoacoustic detection光纤化学传感器Optic fiber sensor硅胶silica gel硅胶基质离子交换剂silica-gel substrate ion exchanger硅烷化法silanization硅烷化法silanizing硅烷化载体silanized support归一化法normalization method过压薄层色谱法over pressured thin layer chromatography, OPT…过压液相色谱法over pressured liquid chromatography,OPLC氦电离检测器helium ionization detector含氧化合物分析器oxygen specific response of the flame ioni…含样去样检测法sample in sample out method赫尔希池检测器Hersch cell detector恒流泵constant flow pump恒温操作constant temperature method恒压泵constant pressure pump红色载体red support红外检测器infrared detector红外总吸光度重建色谱图total infrared absorbance reconstruct…化合物形成色谱compound-formation chromatography化学发光检测器chemiluminescence detector化学发光检测器Chemiluminescence detector, SCD化学键合固定相bonded stationary phase化学键合相色谱bonded phase chromatography化学色谱法chemi-chromatography化学衍生法chemical derivatization method环糊精电动色谱cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography环形展开比移值circular development Rf value环形展开法circular development缓冲溶液添加剂buffer additives辉光放电检测器glow discharge detector混合床离子交换固定相mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase 混合床柱mixed bed column混合溶剂mixed solvent活塞泵piston pump活性activation活性部位active site活性硅胶activated silica gel活性氧化铝activated aluminium oxide活性中心active center火焰光度检测器flame photometric detector, FPD基流background current or base current基线baseline基线宽度baseline width基质substrate materials基质隔离技术matrix isolation technique畸变峰distorted peak积分器integrator电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样electrophoretic injection电渗流electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器electricity potential detector电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector调整保留时间adjusted retention time调整保留体积adjusted retention volume叠加内标法added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography, GC-HS顶替法displacement development顶替色谱法displacement chromatography动态包覆dynamic coating动态顶空分析法dynamic headspace analysis动态分离dynamic separation动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model 动态改性dynamic modification动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍dynamic coating动态涂渍法dynamic coated method动态脱活dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法short column chromatography堆积硅珠stacked silica bead堆积性能bulk property多次反射池multi-reflect pool多分散度polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱porous layer open tubular column，PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱porous polymer beads GLS column GLS 多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon, PGC多孔载体porous support多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ,SCE二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector, DAD二维色谱法two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系dual solvent system反冲洗back wash反吹技术back flushing technique反峰negative peak反离子counter ion反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography (IGC)反相高效液相色谱法reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱reversed phase column反应气相色谱法reaction gas chromatography反应色谱reaction chromatography反圆心式展开anti-circular development反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation仿生传感器Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector放射性检测器radioactivity detector放射自显影autoradiography非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support非线性分流non-linearity split stream非线性色谱non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin分离－反应－分离展开SRS development分离数separation number分离因子separation factor分离柱separation column分流split stream分流比split ratio分流进样法split sampling分流器splitter分配等温线distribution isotherm分配色谱partition chromatography分配系数partition coefficient分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph分子扩散molecular diffusion分子量分布molecular weight distribution分子量检测器molecular weight detector分子筛molecular sieve分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾endcapping峰高peak heightpH梯度动态分离dynamic separation of the pH gradient pH值梯度洗脱pH gradient elutionZata电势Zata potentialZ形池Z-form pool氨基键合相amino-bonded phase氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer安培检测器ampere detector白色载体white support半微柱semimicro-column半制备柱semi-preparation column包覆型离子交换剂coated ion exchanger包覆型填料coated packing material薄层板thin layer plate薄层扫描法thin layer chromatography scanning薄层扫描仪thin layer chromatography scanner薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography TLC薄壳型离子交换剂pellicular ion-exchanger薄壳型微珠载体pellicular microbead support保护柱guard column保留间隙retention gap保留时间retention time保留体积retention volume保留温度retention temperature保留值定性法retention qualitative method保留值沸点规律boiling point rule of retention保留值碳数规律carbon number rule of retention保留指数retention index保留指数定性法retention index qualitative method背景电导background conductance苯酚磺酸树脂phenol sulfonic acid resin苯乙烯styrene比保留体积specific retention volume比例阀proportional valve比渗透率specific permeability比移值Rf value边缘效应edge effect便携式色谱仪portable chromatograph标准偏差standard deviation表观电泳淌度apparent electrophoretic mobility表观交换容量apparent exchange capacity表面电位检测器surface potential detector表面多孔硅胶superficially porous silica gel表面多孔填料superficially porous packing material表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger玻璃球载体glass beads support不分流进样splitless sampling参比柱reference column残余硅醇基residual silanol场放大进样electrical field magnified injection场流分离field-flow fractionation场流分离仪field-flow fractionation场效应生物传感器Field effect transistor based Biosensor常压液相色谱法common-pressure liquid chromatography超临界流体supercritical fluid超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用supercritical fluid …超临界流体色谱法supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱仪supercritical fluid chromatograph超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extract，SFE超声波脱气ultrasonic degas超微传感器ultra-micro sensor程序变流色谱法programmed flow (gas) chromatography程序升温进样programmed temperature sampling程序升温色谱法programmed temperature (gas) chromatography 程序升温蒸发器programmed temperature vaporizer ,PTV程序升压programmed pressure触角载体tentacle supports传质速率rate of mass transfer传质阻力resistance of mass transfer垂直切割法vertical incision method催化色谱法catalytic (gas) chromatography大环化合物色谱large ring compound chromatography大孔树脂macro-reticular resin大孔填料macro-reticular packing material大内径毛细管柱Megaobore column代谢型生物传感器Biological metabolizing sensor单分散气溶胶发生器monodiaperse aerosol generator单活塞往复泵single piston reciprocating pump单相色谱仪single phase chromatograph单向阀one-way valve单柱离子色谱法single column ion chromatography胆固醇传感器Cholesterol sensor氮-磷检测器nitrogen-phosphorus detector ,NPD导数比率法derivative ratio method等度洗脱isocratic elution等离子体色谱法plasma chromatography等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c…低负荷柱low load column低容量柱low capacity column低温色谱low temperature chromatography低压梯度low-pressure gradient低压液相色谱low-pressure liquid chromatography点样sample application点样器sample spotter (spot applicator)电导池conductance cell电导检测法conductance detection电荷转移分光光度法charge transfer spectrophotometry 电化学检测器electrochemical detector电解抑制器electrolyze suppressor。
色谱术语大全
以上为美瑞泰克公司中国办事处从网上搜集并加以整理的，目的只有一个，就是能让每一个应用色谱分析的朋友能够更方便。
色谱字典（术语大全）中文英文色谱图 chromatogram色谱峰 chromatographic peak峰底 peak base峰高 h, peak height峰宽 W, peak width半高峰宽 Wh/2, peak width at half height峰面积 A, peak area拖尾峰 tailing area前伸峰 leading area假峰 ghost peak畸峰 distorted peak反峰 negative peak拐点 inflection point原点ori£in斑点spot区带zone复班 multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线 base line基线漂移 baseline drift基线噪声 X, baseline noise统讣矩moment一阶原点矩Y 1, first origin moment二阶中心矩 u 2, second central moment三阶中心矩 u 3, third central moment液相色谱法 liquid chromatography, LC液液色谱法 liquid liquid chromatography, LLC 液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography, LSC 正相液相色谱法normal phase liquidchromatography液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography, LSC反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquidchromatography,RPLC柱液相色谱法 liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquidchromatography, HPLC尺寸排除色谱法 size exclusion chromatography,SEC凝胶过滤色谱法 gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法 gel permeation chromatography,GPC亲和色谱法 affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法 hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法 preparative liquid chromatography 平面色谱法 planar chromatography纸色谱法 paper chromatography薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography, TLC高效薄层色谱法 high performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法 preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪 preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器 sample applicator色谱柱 chromatographic column棒状色谱柱 monolith column monolith column微粒柱 microparticle column填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column空心柱 open tubular column微径柱 microbore column混合柱 mixed column组合柱 coupled column预柱 precolumn保护柱 guard column预饱和柱 presaturation column浓缩柱 concentrating column抑制柱 suppression column薄层板 thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板 concentrating thin layer plate 荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate 反相薄层板 reversed phase thin layer plate 梯度薄层板 gradient thin layer plate烧结板 sintered plate展开室 development chamber以上为美瑞泰克公司中国办事处从网上搜集并加以整理的，U的只有一个，就是能让每一个应用色谱分析的朋友能够更方便。
色谱常用术语表
色谱常用术语表下面列出了所有的符号的意义及单位（除非无量纲）。
<<常用术语>>A：吸收度（式3.1,3.2）；也作面积CAN：乙腈（acetonitrile）B（%B）：二元流动相中的强溶剂（% v/v）C8，C18：烷基键合相的键长度（八烷基或十八烷基）CD：环糊精（cyclodextrin）CV：变异系数（通常以%表示）；式15.3dC：色谱柱内径（cm）dP：颗粒直径(μm)DAD：二极管阵列检测器EC：电化学(检测器)F：流速(ml/min)FL：荧光(检测器)GS：梯度斜度参数(式8.2a)；k*=20/GSh'：峰高HP：惠普公司(Hewlett-Peckard)HPLC：高效液相色谱ID：内径，dCIEC：离子交换色谱（ion-exchange chromatography）IPC：离子对色谱 (ion-paire chromatography)k：保留因子（式2.4）k*：梯度洗脱中,k的有效值或平均值(式8.1)ka，kZ：色谱图中，首峰（a）和末峰（z）的k值L：色谱柱长度（cm）LC-MS：液相色谱-质谱M：分子量MC：二氯甲烷（methylene chloride）MeOH：甲醇(methanol)MS：质谱MTBE：甲基-叔-丁醚（methyl-t-butyl ether）N：色谱柱塔板数(式2.82.8b)N'：噪音(式3.3,图3.3)NARP：非水反相HPLCNPC：正相色谱P：色谱柱压力降(通常以psi表示)(式2.9)pKa：酸或供质子碱的酸性常数PAH：多环芳烃(polyaromatic hydrocarbon)RS：分离度(式2.1)RI：折光指数RPC：反相色谱S：信号;式3.3;图3.3;以及由式6.1定义的参数tD：延迟或滞留时间(min,用于梯度洗脱中);等于VD/FtG：梯度时间(min)tR：保留时间(min)(图2.2);等于tO(1+k)tRa,tRz：色谱图中首峰（a）与末峰（z）的保留时间，tR（min）（图8.6a）tO：色谱柱死时间(min)(式2.5)t1,t2：相邻谱峰1与谱峰2的保留时间(min)TEA：三乙胺(triethylamine)THF：四氢呋喃(tetrahydrofuran)UV：紫外光谱VD：延迟或滞留体积(mL);为梯度混合器与色谱柱人口之间的体积(包括混合器的体积) Vm：色谱柱死体积(mL)(式2.6);Vm为色谱柱内部的流动相体积,不包括附于固定相上的溶剂Vmax：最大样品体积(mL)(式13.1)Va：样品体积(mL)w：重量(mg);也作半峰高处的峰宽(min)wmax：不超载色谱柱的最大进样量(mg)(式2.17)wS：色谱柱的饱和容量(mg)(式13.4)W：峰底宽(min)(图2.2)Wth：大进样量对峰底宽的贡献(min)(式13.2)WO：小进样量的峰底宽(min)W1/2：半峰高处的峰宽(min)(图1.1)a：分离因子,等于k2/k1,其中k2与k1分别为相邻谱峰2和谱峰1的k值△tR：tRz-tR(min)△%B：梯度洗脱期间,%B的变化ε：摩尔吸收系数εo：正相HPLC 中溶剂或溶剂混合液的强度η：粘度(CP)<<不常有符号>>A,B,C：式2.11中的常数;数值A,B与C随k值而变化,但改变其它条件或溶质时基本不变A',B',C'：式2.10中的常数;数值A',B'与C'随条件和样品而变化A'',B'',C''：式2.10a中的常数;数值A'',B''与C''随条件和样品而变化C：谱峰最大值处的浓度(mol/L)CO：注入样品中溶质的浓度(mol/L)GI：化学电离(MS)DGA：N,N-二甲基-1-萘酰胺;(也作二甲基苯胺dimethylaniline)EI：电子电离(MS)ELS：蒸发光散射击(Evaporative light scattering)EtOAc：乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)FAB：快速原子轰击(MS)FD：场解吸附(MS)h：折合板高,等于H/dP(式2.11)HB：羟基苯甲酸(hydrxybenzoic acid)(图7.8,7.17与7.19)HFBA：七氟丁酸(hyptafluorobutyric acid)IPA：异丙醇(isopropanol)kW：以水作为流动相的k值(式6.1)LCEC：液相色谱电化学检测器LD：激光解吸(MS)LSIMS：液态二级离子质谱MALDI：基质辅助激光解吸电离MP：对羟苯甲酸甲酯[P-]m：流动相中离子对试剂P-的浓度(mmol/L)PAD：脉冲电流分析检测器PBP：极性键合相PD：等离子解吸(MS)PP：对羟苯甲酸丙酯PTH：乙内酰苯硫脲R+,R-：分别为阴离子与阳离子离子交换色谱柱中的荷电功能基困(式7.4和7.5[如-N(CH3)3+和-SO3-]RF：响应因子TBA+：四丁基铵离子tBME：见MTBETMS：三甲基硅烷(trimethylsilyl;也为C1)TNB：1,3,5-三硝基苯(1,3,5-trinitrobenzene)TOF MS：时间飞行质谱TSP：热喷雾(MS)u：流动相通过色谱柱的速度(cm/s);等于L/toV：峰底宽(mL)Vc：色谱柱内峰展宽对V的贡献;也作小样品量峰底宽(mL)(式2.16)VR：保留体积(mL)W：峰宽(min)(式2.12)Wc，WS，：分别为色谱柱，进样器，连续管和流通池对W的贡献（min）Wlc，Wfc：（式2.12）X,X1,：无特征结构的溶质(图7.8,7.17和7.19)X2,X3XB：流动相中的B溶剂的摩尔分数V：折合速度,等于udp/Dm(式2.11)б：高斯曲线的标准偏差;等于峰底的1/4ι：检测器响应时间常数(S)φ：流动相中B溶剂的体积分数;等于0.01%B。
7.2-色谱术语及色谱理论.
填充柱气相传质阻力系数Cg为：
Cg
0.01k (1 k)2
d
2 f
Dg
k为容量因子； df 为填充物粒度； Dg 为扩散系数。
如何提高柱效？
减小填充物粒度，选择小分子量的气体作载气 43
C ·u —传质阻力项
传质阻力包括气相传质阻力Cg和液相传质阻力CL即：
C =（Cg + CL）
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四、速率理论 1. 气相色谱速率理论 1956年荷兰学者范第姆特(Van Deemter)等人将
塔板高度的概念、影响塔板高度的扩散和传质等因素结 合，给出理论塔板高度关系式：
1）范第姆特方程式 H = A + B/u + C·u
H：理论塔板高度， u：载气的线速度(cm/s) A、B、C、为常数，A：涡流扩散系数； B：分子扩 散项系数; C:传质阻力项系数。
当后两项很小可忽略不计时，
死体积（V M）： VM = tM ×F0 F0:柱出口处的载气流量， 单位：mL/min。
9
保留体积（VR）：指从进样开始到被测组分在柱后
出现浓度极大点时所通过的流动相的体积
VR =tR×F0 F0为柱出口处的载气流量，
单位：mL/min。
调整保留体积(VR＇)：某组分的保留体积扣除死体积
液相传质阻力系数 CL为：
CL
2 3
k (1 k)2
d
2 f
DL
k为容量因子； df 为固定相的液膜厚度； DL为扩散系数。
如何提高柱效？
减小液膜厚度，k值也变小， CL增大
提高柱温可增大DL，但会使k值减小 44
将上面式总结，即可得 气液色谱速率板高方程
中英文色谱术语大全(900词)
阴离子交换色谱法anion exchange chromatography, AEC 阴离子交换树脂anion exchange resin荧光薄层板fluorescent thin layer plate荧光检测器fluorescence detector荧光色谱法fluorescence chromatography迎头色谱法frontal chromatography迎头色谱法frontal method硬（质）凝胶hard gel涌浪效应surge effect有机改进剂organic modifier有机相生物传感器Organic biosensor有效峰数effective peak number EPN有效理论塔板数number of effective theoretical plates有效塔板高度effective plate height有效淌度effective mobility釉化处理glazing淤浆填充法slurry packing method予柱guard column予柱pre-column圆筒模型cylindrical model圆型纸色谱法circular paper chromatography圆形色谱法circular chromatography圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor…圆锥模型conical model载气carrier gas载气净化器carry gas cleanser载气流速flow rate载气平均流速average flow rate载体support载体的钝化deactivation of support载体的活性部位active site of support载体涂层开口管柱support coated open tubular column，SCOT再生剂regenerant在线电堆集on-line electrical stacking在柱电导率检测on-column electrical conductivity detection噪声noise噪信比noise –signal ratio皂膜流量计soap film gas meter增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术UV-visible absorption enhanced det…窄粒度分布narrow particle size distribution粘度检测器viscosity detector展开development展开槽developing tank展开槽饱和Chamber saturation展开剂developer折射率检测器refractive index detector, RID真空脱气装置vacuum degasser阵列毛细管电泳capillary array electrophoresis蒸发光散射检测器evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD整体性质检测器integral property detector正相高效液相色谱法normal phase high performance liquid chro…正相离子对色谱法normal phase ion-pair chromatography正相毛细管电色谱positive capillary e lectrokinetic chromatog…直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS直接激光在柱吸收检测on-column direct laser detection指数式流动exponential flow纸色谱法paper chromatography置换色谱法displacement chromatography制备色谱preparative chromatography制备色谱仪preparative chromatograph制备柱preparation column智能色谱chromatography with artificial intelligence质量流量mass flow rate质量色谱mass chromatography质量型检测器mass detector质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector中空纤维抑制器hollow fiber suppressor中压液相色谱middle-pressure liquid chromatography重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram重均分子量weight mean molecular weight轴向扩散longitudinal diffusion轴向吸收池absorption pool of axial direction轴向压缩柱axial compression column柱端电导率检测out-let end detection of electrical conductiv…柱负载能力column loadability柱后衍生化post-column derivatization柱老化column ageing柱老化condition (aging) of column柱流出物(column) effluent柱流失column bleeding柱内径column internal diameter柱前衍生化pro-column derivatization柱切换技术column switching technique柱清洗column cleaning柱容量column capacity柱入口压力column inlet pressure柱色谱法column chromatography柱上检测on-line detection柱渗透性column permeability柱寿命column life柱头进样column head sampling柱外效应extra-column effect柱温箱column oven柱效column efficiency柱压column pressure柱再生column regeneration柱中衍生化on-column derivatization注射泵syringe pump转化定量法trans-quantitative method紫外-可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis紫外吸收检测器ultraviolet absorption detector自动进样器automatic sampler自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 总分离效能指标over-all resolution efficiency总交换容量total exchange capacity总渗透体积total osmotic volume纵向扩散longitudinal diffusion组合式仪器系统building block instrument最佳流速optimum flow rate最佳实际流速optimum practical flow rate最小检测量minimum detectable quantity最小检测浓度minimum detectable concentration萃取色谱法extraction chromatography氩电离检测器argon ionization detector螯合离子交换剂chelating ion exchanger螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography螯合树脂chelating resin脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器DNA sensor外标法external standard method外梯度outside gradient网状结构reticular structure往复泵reciprocating pump往复式隔膜泵reciprocating diaphragm pump微分型检测器differential detector微孔树脂micro-reticular resin微库仑检测器micro coulometric detector微量进样针micro-syringe微量色谱法micro-chromatography微膜抑制器micro-membrane suppressor微乳液电动色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography 微生物传感器Microbial sensor微生物显影bioautography微填充柱micro-packed column微吸附检测器micro adsorption detector微型柱micro-column尾吹气make-up gas味觉传感器taste sensor涡流扩散eddy diffusion无放射源电子俘获检测器non-radioactive electron capture det e…无机离子交换剂inorganic ion exchanger无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis无孔单分散填料non-porous monodisperse packing无脉动色谱泵pulse-free chromatographic pump物理钝化法physical deactivation吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附剂adsorbing material吸附剂活性adsorbent activity吸附平衡常数adsorption equilibrium constant吸附溶剂强度参数adsorption solvent strength parameter吸附色谱法adsorption chromatography吸附型PLOT柱adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum…吸附柱adsorption column吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method洗脱强度eluting power下行展开法descending development method显色器color-developing sprayer限制扩散理论theory of restricted diffusion线速度linear velocity线性梯度linear gradient相比率phase ratio相对保留值relative retention value相对比移值relative Rf value相对挥发度relative volatility相对灵敏度relative sensitivity相对碳（重量）响应因子relative carbon response factor相对响应值relative response相对校正因子relative correction factor相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量heat lens detection of intersect …相似相溶原则rule of similarity响应时间response time响应值response小角激光散射光度计low-angle laser light scatter ing photomet…小内径毛细管柱Microbore column校正保留体积corrected retention volume校正曲线法calibration curve method校正因子correction factor芯片电泳microchip electrophoresis旋转薄层法rotating thin layer chromatography旋转小室逆流色谱rotational little-chamber counter-current c…选择性检测器selective detector循环色谱法recycling chromatography压电晶体piezoelectric crystal压电免疫传感器Piezoelectric Immunosensor压电转换器piezoelectric transducer压力保护pressure protect压力上限pressure high limit压力梯度校正因子pressure gradient correction factor压力下限pressure low limit盐析色谱法salting-out chromatography盐析纸色谱法salting-out paper chromatography衍生化法derivatization method衍生化试剂derivatization reagent阳离子交换剂cation exchanger阳离子交换色谱法cation exchange chromatography, CEC氧化铝色谱法alumina chromatography样品环sample loop样品预处理sample pretreatment液-液分配色谱法liquid-liquid partition chromatography液-液色谱法liquid-liquid chromatography液滴逆流色谱drop counter-current chromatography液固色谱liquid-solid chromatography液晶固定相liquid crystal stationary phase液态离子交换剂liquid ion exchanger液相传质阻力resistance of liquid mass transfer液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用liquid chromatography-FTIR液相色谱-质谱分析法liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 液相色谱-质谱仪liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer液相色谱法liquid chromatography液相载荷量liquid phase loading一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography抑制器suppressor抑制型电导检测suppressed conductance detection抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC抑制柱suppressed column溢流区flooded zonevvv溶解度参数solubility parameter溶液性能检测器solution property detector溶胀swelling溶质性质检测器solute property detector容量因子capacity factor绒毛促性腺传感器Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor乳胶附聚型离子交换剂latex-agglomerated ion exchanger软（质）凝胶soft gel弱碱性阴离子交换剂weak-base anion exchanger弱酸性阳离子交换剂weakly acidic cation exchanger塞式流plug flow塞式流动plug flow色谱法chromatography色谱峰chromatographic peak色谱峰区域宽度peak width色谱富集过样samt injection of chromatography色谱工作站chromatographic working station色谱图chromatogram色谱仪chromatograph色谱纸chromatographic paper色谱柱chromatographic column色谱柱column色谱柱切换技术switching column technique筛分介质sieving medium上行展开法ascending development method蛇笼（状）树脂snake cage resin射频放电检测器radiofrequency discharge detector渗透极限分子量permeation limit molecular weight生物耗氧传感器Biological oxygen-consumption sensor 生物利用度bioavailability生物膜电极Biomembrane electrode生物亲和型传感器Biological affinity sensor生物色谱biological chromatography生物特异性柱biospecific column生物自显影法bioautography升温速率temperature rate湿法柱填充wet column packing十八烷基键合硅胶octadecyl silane石墨化碳黑graphitized carbon black实心载体solid support示差折光检测器differential refraction detector试剂显色法reagent color-developing method手动进样器manual injector手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相chiral amino acid derivatives stat…手性拆分试剂chiral selectors手性固定相chiral stationary phase手性固定相拆分法chiral solid phase separation手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相chiral cyclodextrin der GC手性金属络合物GC固定相chirametal stationary phase in GC手性流动相chiral mobile phase手性流动相拆分法chiral mobile phase separation手性气相色谱法chiral gas chromatography手性色谱chiral chromatography手性试剂chiral reagent手性衍生化法chiral derivation method疏溶剂理论solvophobic theory疏溶剂色谱法solvophobic chromatography疏溶剂作用理论solvophobic interaction principle疏水作用色谱hydrophobic interaction chromatography 树脂交换容量exchange capacity of resin数均分子量number mean molecular weight双保留机理dual reservation mechanism双电层electrical double layer双活塞往复泵two-piston reciprocating pump双束差分检测器detector of dual-beam difference双向展开法two-dimensional development method双柱定性法double-column qualitative method双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography双柱色谱法dual column chromatography水凝胶hydragel水系凝胶色谱柱aqua-system gel column瞬间离子基体效应moment ion matrix effect死区域dead zone死体积dead volume塑料泵plastic pump酸洗法acid wash酸性染料比色法acid dye colorimetry塔板理论方程plate theory equation碳分子筛carbon molecular sieve唐南排斥Donnan exclusion特殊选择固定液selective stationary phase梯度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱装置gradient elution device梯度液相色谱gradient liquid chromatography体积排斥理论size exclusion theory体积排斥色谱size exclusion chromatography体积色谱法volumetric chromatography填充毛细管柱packed capillary column填充柱packed column填料packing material停流进样stop-flow injection通用型检测器common detector涂壁毛细管柱wall coated open tubular column，WCOT 涂布器spreader涂层毛细管coated capillary涂渍coat涂渍效率coating efficiency拖尾峰tailing peak拖尾因子tailing factor流动相mobile phase流动相梯度eluent gradient流体动力学进样hydrostatic pressure injection流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume流型扩散dispersion due to flow profile螺旋传动注射泵screw-driven syringe pump罗什那德常数Rohrschneider’s constant麦克雷诺常数MacReynold’s constant脉冲阻尼器pulse damper毛细管壁静态改性static modification of capillary wall毛细管超临界流体色谱法capillary supercritical fluid chromat…毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用capillary electrophoresis –electr…毛细管电泳基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱离线检测off-line capillar…毛细管电泳离子分析capillary ion analysis毛细管电泳免疫分析immunity analysis of capillary electropho…毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis毛细管凝胶柱capillary gel column毛细管亲和电泳affinity capillary electrophoresis毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis毛细管有效长度the effective length of capillary electrophor…毛细管柱的交联cross-linked capillary毛细管柱去活capillary column deactivation酶传感器Enzyme sensor酶联免疫传感器Enzyme linked immunosensor酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay内标法internal standard method内标物internal standard内梯度inside gradient能量转移技术energy transfer technique逆流色谱法counter-current chromatography逆流色谱仪counter current chromatograph尿素传感器Urea sensor凝胶过滤色谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶内体积gel inner volume凝胶色谱法gel chromatography凝胶色谱仪gel chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱gel permeation chromatography凝胶外体积gel interstitial volume凝胶柱gel column浓度梯度成像检测器concentration gradient imaging detector 浓度型检测器concentration detector浓度型检测器concentration sensitive detector爬行模型crawl model排斥极限分子量exclusion limit molecular weight排斥体积exclusion volume排阻薄层色谱法exclusion TLC泡形池bubble form pool配位体交换色谱ligand exchange chromatography漂移drift平板色谱planar chromatography平衡排斥理论equilibrium exclusion theory平面色谱法Planar chromatography葡萄糖传感器Glucose sensor气-固色谱法gas-solid chromatography, GSC气-液色谱法gas-liquid chromatography, GLC气动泵pneumatic pump气体密度天平检测器gas density balance detector气雾剂取样法aerosol sampling method气相传质阻力resistance of gas mass transfer气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪chromatograph coupled with i nfrared…气相色谱-质谱联用仪gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer气相色谱法gas chromatography，GC气相色谱仪gas chromatography气相色谱专家系统expert system of gas chromatography汽化室vaporizer迁移时间migration time迁移时间窗口the window of migration time前延峰leading peak前沿色谱法frontal chromatography强碱性阴离子交换剂strong-base anion exchanger强酸性阳离子交换剂strongly acidic cation exchanger鞘流池sheath flow pool鞘流液sheath flow liquid切换时间switching time切线切割法tangent incision method亲硅醇基效应silanophilic interaction亲和色谱法affinity chromatography氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization detector, FID氰基键合相cyano-bonded phase区域扩展zone spreading去离子水deionized water去尾剂tailing reducer全多孔硅胶macro-reticular silica gel全多孔型填料macro-reticular packing material全二维色谱Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography…全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation热导检测器thermal conductivity detector,TCD热离子检测器thermionic detector热色谱法chromatothermography热丝（带）裂解器filament pyrolyzer热透镜光谱检测法heat lens absorbance detection热微量转移薄层色谱法thermomicro and transfer- application- …溶剂泵solvent pump溶剂强度solvent strength激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS, LDMS激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer激光色谱laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测detection of laser-induced light beam I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰memory peak记忆效应memory effect夹层槽sandwich chamber假峰ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度（检测）离子色谱法indirect photometric ion chroma to…间接光度（检测）色谱法indirect photometric chromatography间接检测indirect detection间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection检测器detector检测器检测限detector detectability检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity检测器线性范围detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector, AFID碱洗法alkali wash剪纸称重法cut-paper weighing method减尾剂tailing reducer减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography键合固定相bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger焦耳热joule heating胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography交联度crosslinking degree阶梯梯度stagewise gradient介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC 金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography进样阀injection valve进样量sample size进样器injector静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis静态涂渍法static coating method径流柱radial flow column径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography径向压缩柱radial compression column径向展开法radial development径向展开色谱radial development chromatography净保留体积net retention volume居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器absolute detector开口分流open split开口管柱open tubular column可见光检测器visible light detector可交换离子exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space空穴色谱法vacancy chromatography孔结构pore structure孔径pore diameter孔径分布pore size distribution控制单元control unit快速色谱法high-speed chromatography快原子枪fast atom gun离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography, IPC离子对试剂ion pair reagent离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型ion pair formation model离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换位置ion exchange site离子交换柱ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography, ICE离子色谱法ion chromatography, IC离子色谱仪ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography, IIC离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography, ISC理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate（HETP）理论塔板数number of theoretical plates两性电解质ampholytes两性离子zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration淋洗剂eluent淋洗离子eluent ion淋洗色谱法elution chromatography馏分收集器fraction collector流动池flow cell峰面积测量法measurement of peak area峰面积校正calibration of peak area峰容量peak capacity复合柱combined column改性载体modified support干法柱填充dry column packing干凝胶xerogel干扰抑制电导率检测detection of interfere and restrain condu…干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography, DCC高分子多孔微球porous polymer beads, GDX高速逆流色谱法high speed counter-current chromatography高温硅烷化去活high temperature silanizing deactivation高温凝胶色谱法high temperature gel chromatography高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch…高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效柱high performance column高压流通池技术high pressure flow cell technique高压输液泵high pressure pump高压梯度high-pressure gradient高压液相色谱法high pressure liquid chromatography戈雷方程式Golay equation戈雷柱Golay column隔膜泵diaphragm pump隔膜进样septum sampling工业色谱industrial chromatography工业色谱仪industrial chromatograph工作流速working flow rate功能基团functional group谷丙转氨酶传感器Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor,GPT固定化酶immobilized enzyme固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid固定液的相对极性relative polarity of stationary liquid固定液极性stationary liquid polarity固相扩散solid diffusion固相荧光免疫分析solid phase fluorescence immunoassay 固有粘度intrinsic viscosity官能团保留指数function retention index官能团色谱图functional group chromatogram, FGC冠醚固定相crown ether stationary phase管壁效应wall effect管式炉裂解器tube furnace pyrolyzer灌注色谱法perfusion chromatography贯注色谱填料perfusion chromatography packing光离子化检测器photo-ionization detector, PID光密度计densitometer光谱差减法spectral subtraction method光散射检测器light scattering detector光声检测法photoacoustic detection光纤化学传感器Optic fiber sensor硅胶silica gel硅胶基质离子交换剂silica-gel substrate ion exchanger硅烷化法silanization硅烷化法silanizing硅烷化载体silanized support归一化法normalization method过压薄层色谱法over pressured thin layer chromatography, OPT…过压液相色谱法over pressured liquid chromatography,OPLC氦电离检测器helium ionization detector含氧化合物分析器oxygen specific response of the flame ioni…含样去样检测法sample in sample out method赫尔希池检测器Hersch cell detector恒流泵constant flow pump恒温操作constant temperature method恒压泵constant pressure pump红色载体red support红外检测器infrared detector红外总吸光度重建色谱图total infrared absorbance reconstruct…化合物形成色谱compound-formation chromatography化学发光检测器chemiluminescence detector化学发光检测器Chemiluminescence detector, SCD化学键合固定相bonded stationary phase化学键合相色谱bonded phase chromatography化学色谱法chemi-chromatography化学衍生法chemical derivatization method环糊精电动色谱cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography环形展开比移值circular development Rf value环形展开法circular development缓冲溶液添加剂buffer additives辉光放电检测器glow discharge detector混合床离子交换固定相mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase 混合床柱mixed bed column混合溶剂mixed solvent活塞泵piston pump活性activation活性部位active site活性硅胶activated silica gel活性氧化铝activated aluminium oxide活性中心active center火焰光度检测器flame photometric detector, FPD基流background current or base current基线baseline基线宽度baseline width基质substrate materials基质隔离技术matrix isolation technique畸变峰distorted peak积分器integrator电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样electrophoretic injection电渗流electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器electricity potential detector电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector调整保留时间adjusted retention time调整保留体积adjusted retention volume叠加内标法added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography, GC-HS顶替法displacement development顶替色谱法displacement chromatography动态包覆dynamic coating动态顶空分析法dynamic headspace analysis动态分离dynamic separation动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model 动态改性dynamic modification动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍dynamic coating动态涂渍法dynamic coated method动态脱活dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法short column chromatography堆积硅珠stacked silica bead堆积性能bulk property多次反射池multi-reflect pool多分散度polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱porous layer open tubular column，PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱porous polymer beads GLS column GLS 多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon, PGC多孔载体porous support多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ,SCE二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector, DAD二维色谱法two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系dual solvent system反冲洗back wash反吹技术back flushing technique反峰negative peak反离子counter ion反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography (IGC)反相高效液相色谱法reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱reversed phase column反应气相色谱法reaction gas chromatography反应色谱reaction chromatography反圆心式展开anti-circular development反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation仿生传感器Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector放射性检测器radioactivity detector放射自显影autoradiography非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support非线性分流non-linearity split stream非线性色谱non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin分离－反应－分离展开SRS development分离数separation number分离因子separation factor分离柱separation column分流split stream分流比split ratio分流进样法split sampling分流器splitter分配等温线distribution isotherm分配色谱partition chromatography分配系数partition coefficient分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph分子扩散molecular diffusion分子量分布molecular weight distribution分子量检测器molecular weight detector分子筛molecular sieve分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾endcapping峰高peak heightpH梯度动态分离dynamic separation of the pH gradient pH值梯度洗脱pH gradient elutionZata电势Zata potentialZ形池Z-form pool氨基键合相amino-bonded phase氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer安培检测器ampere detector白色载体white support半微柱semimicro-column半制备柱semi-preparation column包覆型离子交换剂coated ion exchanger包覆型填料coated packing material薄层板thin layer plate薄层扫描法thin layer chromatography scanning薄层扫描仪thin layer chromatography scanner薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography TLC薄壳型离子交换剂pellicular ion-exchanger薄壳型微珠载体pellicular microbead support保护柱guard column保留间隙retention gap保留时间retention time保留体积retention volume保留温度retention temperature保留值定性法retention qualitative method保留值沸点规律boiling point rule of retention保留值碳数规律carbon number rule of retention保留指数retention index保留指数定性法retention index qualitative method背景电导background conductance苯酚磺酸树脂phenol sulfonic acid resin苯乙烯styrene比保留体积specific retention volume比例阀proportional valve比渗透率specific permeability比移值Rf value边缘效应edge effect便携式色谱仪portable chromatograph标准偏差standard deviation表观电泳淌度apparent electrophoretic mobility表观交换容量apparent exchange capacity表面电位检测器surface potential detector表面多孔硅胶superficially porous silica gel表面多孔填料superficially porous packing material表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger玻璃球载体glass beads support不分流进样splitless sampling参比柱reference column残余硅醇基residual silanol场放大进样electrical field magnified injection场流分离field-flow fractionation场流分离仪field-flow fractionation场效应生物传感器Field effect transistor based Biosensor常压液相色谱法common-pressure liquid chromatography超临界流体supercritical fluid超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用supercritical fluid …超临界流体色谱法supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱仪supercritical fluid chromatograph超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extract，SFE超声波脱气ultrasonic degas超微传感器ultra-micro sensor程序变流色谱法programmed flow (gas) chromatography程序升温进样programmed temperature sampling程序升温色谱法programmed temperature (gas) chromatography 程序升温蒸发器programmed temperature vaporizer ,PTV程序升压programmed pressure触角载体tentacle supports传质速率rate of mass transfer传质阻力resistance of mass transfer垂直切割法vertical incision method催化色谱法catalytic (gas) chromatography大环化合物色谱large ring compound chromatography大孔树脂macro-reticular resin大孔填料macro-reticular packing material大内径毛细管柱Megaobore column代谢型生物传感器Biological metabolizing sensor单分散气溶胶发生器monodiaperse aerosol generator单活塞往复泵single piston reciprocating pump单相色谱仪single phase chromatograph单向阀one-way valve单柱离子色谱法single column ion chromatography胆固醇传感器Cholesterol sensor氮-磷检测器nitrogen-phosphorus detector ,NPD导数比率法derivative ratio method等度洗脱isocratic elution等离子体色谱法plasma chromatography等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c…低负荷柱low load column低容量柱low capacity column低温色谱low temperature chromatography低压梯度low-pressure gradient低压液相色谱low-pressure liquid chromatography点样sample application点样器sample spotter (spot applicator)电导池conductance cell电导检测法conductance detection电荷转移分光光度法charge transfer spectrophotometry 电化学检测器electrochemical detector电解抑制器electrolyze suppressor。
色谱术语中英文对照(按中文首字母排序)
色谱术语中英文对照B:薄层板thin layer plate薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner薄壳型填充剂pellicular packing薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography保护柱guard column保留时间tR，retention time保留体积vR，retention volume保留常数值Rm，Rm value棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height板效能plate efficiency斑点定位法localization of spot斑点spot比移值Rf，Rf value边缘效应edge effectC:尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC 程序溶剂programmed solvent程序压力programmed pressure程序流速programmed flowD:点样器sample applicator叠加法addition method电化学检测器electrochemical detector多孔型填充剂porous packing(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP，pore volume of porous packing多次展开multiple development等水容剂isohydric solvent等度洗脱gradient elutionE:二阶中心矩μ2，second central momentF:反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate反冲back flushing反峰negative peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width峰面积A，peak area分离因子α，separation factor分离度R，resolution(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation]分步展开stepwise development阀进样valve injection放射自显影法autoradiography负载容量loading capacity复班multiple spotG:高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC高比移值hRf，high Rf value固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid改性剂modifier管壁效应wall effect归一法normalization method沟流channeling过载overloading拐点inflection point光密度计densitometer工作站work stationH:混合柱mixed column化学键合相填充剂chemically bonded phase packing环形展开circular development活化activationJ:基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise基体matrix浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography 积分检测器integral detector积分仪integrator加宽校正broadening correction加宽校正因子broadening correction factor径向展开radial development假峰ghost peak检测器detector记录器recorder间隔臂效应spacer arm effect畸峰distorted peakK:空心柱open tubular columnL:离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC 离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer离心展开centrifugal development离子交换容量ion exchange capacity离子交换剂ion exchanger流动相mobile phase流体力学体积vh，hydrodynamic volume流动相迁移距离dm，mobile phase migration distance 流动相前沿mobile phase front流出液eluate馏分收集器fraction collector粒间体积V0，interstitial volume连续展开continuous developmentN:凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC 凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate粘合剂binder内标法internal standard methodP:排除极限Vh，max，exclusion limit普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening calibration function or curve [of separation] 平面色谱法planar chromatography chromatography chromatographyQ:前伸峰leading area区带zone区带脱尾zone tailing亲和色谱法affinity chromatography气动泵pneumatic pumpR:蠕动泵peristaltic pump溶质性能检测器solute property detector溶质迁移距离ds，solute migration distance溶剂强度参数ε0，solvent strength parameterS:色谱峰chromatographic peak色谱图chromatogram色谱柱chromatographic column死时间t0，dead time死体积V0，dead volume三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography浓缩柱concentrating column烧结板sintered plate(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector渗透极限permeability limit生物自显影法bioautography上行展开ascending development双向展开two dimensional developmentT:拖尾峰tailing area拖尾因子T，tailing factor调整保留时间t''R，adjusted retention time调整保留体积v''R，adjusted retention volume 梯度洗脱gradient elution梯度展开gradient development梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate统计矩moment涂布器spreader填充毛细管柱packed capillary column体积标记器volume marker脱气degassing停流进样stop-flow injectionW:微粒柱microparticle column微径柱microbore column微分检测器differential detector往复泵reciprocating pump外标法external standard methodX:洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant，eluent洗脱体积ve，elution volume洗脱序列eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution相对比移值Ri.s，relative Rf value相对保留值ri.s，relative retention value显色剂color [developing] agent显谱visualization吸附剂adsorbent线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient 下行展开descending development向心展开centripetal developmentY:液相色谱法liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography，LLC 液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography，LSC液相总体积Vtol，total liquid volume液相载荷量liquid phase loading预柱precolumn预饱和柱presaturation column荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate荧光检测器fluorescence detector原位定量in situ quantitation原点origin匀浆填充slurry packing一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment抑制柱suppression columnZ:柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography柱外体积Vext，extra-column volune柱后反应器post-column reactor柱填充剂column packing柱上检测on-column detection柱寿命column life柱流失column bleeding柱外效应extra-column effect柱上富集on-column enrichment注射泵syringe pump制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph载体support载板support plate展开室development chamber展开development展开剂developer组合柱coupled column纸色谱法paper chromatography总体性能检测器bulk property detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector 折合板高hr，reduced plate height正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography (再)循环洗脱recycling elution。
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色谱术语-中英文词汇［作者：lorry 转贴自：本站原创点击数：1108 更新时间：2005-7-16 文章录入：lorry］超微传感器 ultra-micro sensor 7尿素传感器Urea sensor 7味觉传感器taste sensor 7非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor 7压电转换器piezoelectric transducer 7压电晶体piezoelectric crystal 7压电免疫传感器Piezoelectric Immunosensor 7有机相生物传感器Organic biosensor 7光纤化学传感器Optic fiber sensor 7场效应生物传感器Field effect transistor based Biosensor 7脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器DNA sensor 7酶传感器Enzyme sensor 7酶联免疫传感器 Enzyme linked immunosensor 7绒毛促性腺传感器Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor 7谷丙转氨酶传感器Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor,GPT 7葡萄糖传感器Glucose sensor 7微生物传感器Microbial sensor 7代谢型生物传感器Biological metabolizing sensor生物耗氧传感器Biological oxygen-consumption sensor 7生物亲和型传感器 Biological affinity sensor 7a-甲胎蛋白酶免疫传感器 Enzyme linked immunosensor of a- Alp (7)胆固醇传感器Cholesterol sensor 7仿生传感器Biomimic electrode 7生物膜电极Biomembrane electrode 7毛细管电泳基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱离线检测off-line capillar (7)电位检测器electricity potential detector 7干扰抑制电导率检测detection of interfere and restrain condu (7)柱端电导率检测out-let end detection of electrical conductiv (7)在柱电导率检测on-column electrical conductivity detection 7浓度梯度成像检测器concentration gradient imaging detector 7双束差分检测器detector of dual-beam difference 7安培检测器ampere detector 7色谱富集过样samt injection of chromatography 7等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c (7)爬行模型crawl model 7Ogston模型Ogston model 7有效淌度 effective mobility 7离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic正相毛细管电色谱positive capillary electrokinetic chromatog (7)反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr (7)微乳液电动色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography 7离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 7 环糊精电动色谱cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography 7瞬间离子基体效应moment ion matrix effect 7pH梯度动态分离dynamic separation of the pH gradient 7动态分离dynamic separation 7毛细管电泳离子分析capillary ion analysis 7两性电解质ampholytes 7毛细管凝胶柱capillary gel column 7手性拆分试剂chiral selectors 7缓冲溶液添加剂buffer additives 7临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 7激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det (7)激光诱导光束干涉检测detection of laser-induced light beam i (7)激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat (7)相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量heat lens detection of intersect (7)直接激光在柱吸收检测on-column direct laser detection 7轴向吸收池absorption pool of axial direction 7多次反射池multi-reflect pool 7Z形池Z-form pool 7泡形池bubble form pool 7矩形池rectangle form pool 7增强紫外-可见吸收检测技术UV-visible absorption enhanced det (7)激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector 7筛分介质sieving medium 7激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector 7间接检测indirect detection 7毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用capillary electrophoresis –electr (7)鞘流池sheath flow pool 7电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination 7场放大进样electrical field magnified injection 7流体动力学进样hydrostatic pressure injection 7电迁移进样electrophoretic injection 7迁移时间窗口the window of migration time 7峰面积校正calibration of peak area 7柱上检测on-line detection 7动态脱活dynamic de-activity 7动态改性dynamic modification 7反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow 7毛细管壁静态改性static modification of capillary wall 7涂渍coat 7涂层毛细管coated capillary 7毛细管有效长度the effective length of capillary electrophor (7)焦耳热joule heating 7Zata电势Zata potential 7双电层electrical double layer 7塞式流plug flow 7迁移时间migration time 7电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker 7表观电泳淌度apparent electrophoretic mobility 7电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility 7电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility 7电渗流electroendosmotic flow 7在线电堆集on-line electrical stacking 7芯片电泳microchip electrophoresis 7阵列毛细管电泳capillary array electrophoresis 7毛细管电泳免疫分析immunity analysis of capillary electropho (7)鞘流液sheath flow liquid 7毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing 7无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis 7毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis 7毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography 7毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography 7自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 7毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis 7高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis 7毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis 7毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis 7生物利用度bioavailability 7酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay 7直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS 7圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor (7)一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography 7吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method 7毛细管亲和电泳affinity capillary electrophoresis 6鞘流液sheath flow liquid 6毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing 6无胶筛分毛细管电泳non-gel capillary electrophoresis 6毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis 6毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography 6毛细管胶束电动色谱micellar electrokinetic chromatography 6自由溶液毛细管电泳free solution capillary electrophoresis 6毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis 6高效毛细管电泳high-performance capillary electrophoresis 6毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis 6毛细管等速电泳isotachophoresis 6生物利用度bioavailability 6酶免疫分析enzyme immnunoassay 6直接化学离子化direct chemical ionization GC-MS 6圆柱状超微薄层色谱法ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical suppor (6)一滴液相色谱法one drop liquid chromatography 6吸光度比值法absorbance ratio method 6特殊选择固定液selective stationary phase 6酸性染料比色法acid dye colorimetry 6双保留机理dual reservation mechanism 6疏溶剂作用理论solvophobic interaction principle 6手性衍生化法chiral derivation method 6手性流动相拆分法chiral mobile phase separation 6手性固定相拆分法chiral solid phase separation 6生物自显影法bioautography 6热微量转移薄层色谱法thermomicro and transfer- application- (6)热离子检测器thermionic detector 6气雾剂取样法aerosol sampling method 6排阻薄层色谱法exclusion TLC 6液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用liquid chromatography-FTIR 6能量转移技术energy transfer technique 6离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC 6快原子枪fast atom gun 6快原子枪fast atom gun 4开口分流open split 4胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography 4基质隔离技术matrix isolation technique 4激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS, LDMS 4红外总吸光度重建色谱图total infrared absorbance reconstruct (4)含样去样检测法sample in sample out method 4过压液相色谱法over pressured liquid chromatography,OPLC 4过压薄层色谱法over pressured thin layer chromatography, OPT (4)硅烷化法silanization 4光谱差减法spectral subtraction method 4光谱差减法spectral subtraction method 4官能团色谱图functional group chromatogram, FGC 4官能团保留指数function retention index 4固相荧光免疫分析solid phase fluorescence immunoassay 4高压流通池技术high pressure flow cell technique 4分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy 4分配等温线distribution isotherm 4费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage 4多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments 4二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ,SCE 4电荷转移分光光度法charge transfer spectrophotometry 4导数比率法derivative ratio method 4单分散气溶胶发生器monodiaperse aerosol generator 4重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram 4固定化酶immobilized enzyme 4超临界流体色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用 supercritical fluid (4)薄层扫描法thin layer chromatography scanning 4介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector 4化学发光检测器chemiluminescence detector 4半微柱semimicro-column 4压力下限pressure low limit 4压力上限pressure high limit 4压力保护pressure protect 4间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection 4衍生化试剂derivatization reagent 4安培检测器ampere detector 4电化学检测器electrochemical detector 4间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection 4恒流泵constant flow pump 4恒压泵constant pressure pump 4可见光检测器visible light detector 4紫外吸收检测器ultraviolet absorption detector 4注射泵syringe pump 4低压梯度low-pressure gradient 4高压梯度high-pressure gradient 4真空脱气装置vacuum degasser 4溶剂泵solvent pump 4整体性质检测器integral property detector 4溶质性质检测器solute property detector 4湿法柱填充wet column packing 4干法柱填充dry column packing 4螺旋传动注射泵screw-driven syringe pump 4进样量sample size 4往复泵reciprocating pump 4往复式隔膜泵reciprocating diaphragm pump 4紫外-可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis 4 无脉动色谱泵pulse-free chromatographic pump 4脉冲阻尼器 pulse damper 4单活塞往复泵single piston reciprocating pump 4比例阀proportional valve 4塑料泵plastic pump 4活塞泵piston pump 4气动泵pneumatic pump 4放射性检测器radioactivity detector 4二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector, DAD 4折射率检测器refractive index detector, RID 3多用色谱仪unified chromatograph 3外梯度outside gradient 3内梯度inside gradient 3溶液性能检测器solution property detector 3柱压column pressure 3淤浆填充法slurry packing method 3示差折光检测器differential refraction detector 3隔膜进样septum sampling 3非破坏性检测器3惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas 3组合式仪器系统building block instrument 3色谱工作站chromatographic working station 3微型柱micro-column 3质量型检测器mass detector 3分离柱separation column 3予柱guard column 3蒸发光散射检测器evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD 3 浓度型检测器concentration detector 3柱内径column internal diameter 3微量进样针micro-syringe 3红外检测器infrared detector 3高压输液泵high pressure pump 3色谱柱column 3单相色谱仪single phase chromatograph 3自动进样器automatic sampler 3手动进样器manual injector 3保护柱guard column 3梯度洗脱装置gradient elution device 3多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph 3场流分离仪field-flow fractionation 3进样器injector 3荧光检测器fluorescence detector 3流动池flow cell 3双活塞往复泵two-piston reciprocating pump 3隔膜泵diaphragm pump 3柱温箱column oven 3逆流色谱仪counter current chromatograph 3控制单元control unit 3超临界流体色谱仪supercritical fluid chromatograph 3 凝胶色谱仪gel chromatograph 3制备色谱仪preparative chromatograph 3制备柱preparation column 3便携式色谱仪portable chromatograph 3脱气装置degasser 3选择性检测器selective detector 3通用型检测器common detector 3检测器detector 3单向阀one-way valve 3样品环sample loop 3进样阀injection valve 3分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph 3色谱仪chromatograph 3氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer 3螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography 3蛇笼（状）树脂snake cage resin 3苯酚磺酸树脂phenol sulfonic acid resin 3酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin 3无机离子交换剂inorganic ion exchanger 3网状结构reticular structure 3间接光度（检测）离子色谱法indirect photometric ion chromato (3)反相离子对色谱法reversed phase ion-pair chromatography 3正相离子对色谱法normal phase ion-pair chromatography 3离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection 3多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger 3氨基酸分析仪amino acid analyzer 3螯合离子色谱法chelating ion chromatography 3阴离子交换树脂anion exchange resin 3弱碱性阴离子交换剂weak-base anion exchanger 3强碱性阴离子交换剂strong-base anion exchanger 3弱酸性阳离子交换剂weakly acidic cation exchanger 3强酸性阳离子交换剂strongly acidic cation exchanger 3功能基团functional group 3离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 3离子交换柱ion exchange column 3表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger 3 薄壳型离子交换剂pellicular ion-exchanger 3微孔树脂micro-reticular resin 3大孔树脂macro-reticular resin 3电解抑制器electrolyze suppressor 3抑制器suppressor 3再生剂regenerant 3电导池conductance cell 2微膜抑制器micro-membrane suppressor 2中空纤维抑制器hollow fiber suppressor 2抑制柱suppressed column 2非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection 2 抑制型电导检测suppressed conductance detection 2背景电导background conductance 2电导检测法conductance detection 1离子相互作用模型ion interaction model 1动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model 1动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model 1离子对形成模型ion pair formation model 1反离子counter ion 1离子对试剂ion pair reagent 1两性离子zwitter-ion 1总渗透体积total osmotic volume 1排斥体积exclusion volume 1混合床离子交换固定相mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase 1 多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon, PGC 1冠醚固定相crown ether stationary phase 1包覆型离子交换剂coated ion exchanger 1螯合树脂chelating resin 1螯合离子交换剂chelating ion exchanger 1乳胶附聚型离子交换剂latex-agglomerated ion exchanger 1硅胶基质离子交换剂silica-gel substrate ion exchanger 1聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger 1键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger 1表观交换容量apparent exchange capacity 1总交换容量total exchange capacity 1树脂交换容量exchange capacity of resin 1交联度crosslinking degree 126. 聚苯乙烯PS/DVB 苯乙烯（styrene）和二乙烯基苯（divinylb (1)两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger 1离子交换树脂ion exchange resin 1离子交换位置ion exchange site 1可交换离子exchangable ion 1阴离子交换剂anion exchanger 1阳离子交换剂cation exchanger 1离子交换剂ion exchanger 1去离子水deionized water 1淋洗离子eluent ion 1淋洗剂eluent 1离子色谱仪ion chromatograph 1金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC 1 液态离子交换剂liquid ion exchanger 1离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography, ISC 1离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography, IIC 1离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography, IPC 1离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography, ICE 1阳离子交换色谱法cation exchange chromatography, CEC 1阴离子交换色谱法anion exchange chromatography, AEC 1离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography, IEC 1单柱离子色谱法single column ion chromatography 1非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 1双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography 1抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC 1非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography, NSIC 08-09 双柱离子色谱法dual column ion chromatography 08-09抑制型离子色谱法suppressed ion chromatography, SIC 08-09离子色谱法ion chromatography, IC 08-09汽化室vaporizer 08-07涂布器 spreader 08-07戈雷柱Golay column 08-07溶剂效率 solvent efficiency 08-07相对比移值relative Rf value 08-07分离因子separation factor 08-07涂渍效率 coating efficiency 08-07拖尾因子tailing factor 08-07升温速率temperature rate 08-07工作流速working flow rate 08-07相似相溶原则rule of similarity 08-07放射自显影autoradiography 08-07微生物显影 bioautography 08-07指数式流动exponential flow 08-07塞式流动plug flow 08-07反吹技术 back flushing technique 08-07切换时间 switching time 08-07色谱柱切换技术switching column technique 08-07化学衍生法 chemical derivatization method 08-07气相色谱专家系统 expert system of gas chromatography 08-07响应时间response time 08-07噪信比noise –signal ratio 08-07[图文]相对灵敏度relative sensitivity 08-07噪声noise 08-07漂移drift 08-07基流 background current or base current 08-07积分器integrator 08-07转化定量法 trans-quantitative method 08-07动态顶空分析法dynamic headspace analysis 08-07静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis 08-07顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography, GC-HS 08-07毛细管柱的交联cross-linked capillary 08-07小内径毛细管柱Microbore column 08-07大内径毛细管柱Megaobore column 08-07静态涂渍法 static coating method 08-07全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation 08-07聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation… 08-07动态涂渍法 dynamic coated method 08-07静态涂渍法 static coating method 08-07全硅烷化去活complete silylanization deactivation 08-07聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation… 08-07高温硅烷化去活high temperature silanizing deactivation 08-07毛细管柱去活 capillary column deactivation 08-07最佳实际流速optimum practical flow rate 08-07最佳流速optimum flow rate 08-07活性activation 08-07去尾剂tailing reducer 08-07剪纸称重法 cut-paper weighing method 08-07峰面积测量法measurement of peak area 08-07双柱定性法 double-column qualitative method 08-07恒温操作constant temperature method 08-07载气净化器 carry gas cleanser 08-07[图文]总分离效能指标over-all resolution efficiency 08-07相比率phase ratio 08-07[组图]塔板理论方程 plate theory equation 08-07全二维色谱 Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography… 08-07 手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相 chiral cyclodextrin der GC 08-07手性金属络合物GC固定相 chirametal stationary phase in GC 08-07手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相 chiral amino acid derivatives stat… 08-07手性气相色谱法chiral gas chromatography 08-07化学发光检测器Chemiluminescence detector, SCD 08-07相对碳（重量）响应因子relative carbon response factor 08-07程序升温蒸发器programmed temperature vaporizer ,PTV 08-07空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space 08-07溢流区flooded zonevvv 08-07保留间隙retention gap 08-07有效峰数effective peak number EPN 08-07分离数separation number 08-07多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱 porous polymer beads GLS column GLS 08-07多孔高聚物PLOT柱 porous polymer beads PLOT column 08-07吸附型PLOT柱adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum… 08-07 试剂显色法reagent color-developing method 08-06展开槽饱和Chamber saturation 08-06旋转薄层法rotating thin layer chromatography 08-06分离－反应－分离展开SRS development 08-06反圆心式展开 anti-circular development 08-06显色器color-developing sprayer 08-06环形展开比移值circular development Rf value 08-06平面色谱法 Planar chromatography 08-06记忆峰memory peak 08-06线速度linear velocity 08-06载气平均流速average flow rate 08-06载气流速flow rate 08-06涌浪效应 surge effect 08-06记忆效应memory effect 08-06非线性分流non-linearity split stream 08-06程序升温进样programmed temperature sampling 08-06柱头进样column head sampling 08-06不分流进样 splitless sampling 08-06分流进样法split sampling 08-06尾吹气 make-up gas 08-06分流比 split ratio 08-06分流split stream 08-06非线性吸附等温线 non-linear adsorption isotherm 08-06麦克雷诺常数 MacReynold’s constant 08-06罗什那德常数Rohrschneider’s constant 08-06固定液极性stationary liquid polarity 08-06[组图]固定液的相对极性relative polarity of stationary liquid 08-05 高分子多孔微球 porous polymer beads, GDX 08-05分子筛molecular sieve 08-05硅胶 silica gel 08-05[图文]皂膜流量计soap film gas meter 08-05比渗透率specific permeability 08-05保留值沸点规律boiling point rule of retention 08-05保留值碳数规律carbon number rule of retention 08-05 保留指数定性法retention index qualitative method 08-05 保留值定性法retention qualitative method 08-05玻璃球载体glass beads support 08-05白色载体white support 08-05红色载体red support 08-05参比柱reference column 08-05填充柱packed column 08-05色谱柱chromatographic column 08-05切线切割法 tangent incision method 08-05垂直切割法vertical incision method 08-05峰面积peak area 08-05色谱峰chromatographic peak 08-05峰高peak height 08-05色谱图chromatogram 08-05双向展开法two-dimensional development method 08-05 环形展开法circular development 08-05径向展开法radial development 08-05下行展开法descending development method 08-05上行展开法ascending development method 08-05展开剂developer 08-05展开development 08-05点样sample application 08-05点样器sample spotter (spot applicator) 08-05予柱pre-column 08-05基线baseline 08-05干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography, DCC 08-05 叠加内标法added internal standard method 08-05 校正曲线法calibration curve method 08-05外标法external standard method 08-05归一化法normalization method 08-05内标物internal standard 08-05内标法internal standard method 08-05记忆峰memory peak 08-05假峰ghost peak 08-05前延峰leading peak 08-05拖尾峰tailing peak 08-05反峰 negative peak 08-05畸变峰distorted peak 08-05dead time 08-05死体积dead volume 08-05死区域dead zone 08-05相对挥发度relative volatility 08-05容量因子capacity factor 08-04吸附平衡常数adsorption equilibrium constant 08-04 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm 08-04分配系数partition coefficient 08-04分配等温线 distribution isotherm 08-04边缘效应edge effect 08-04管壁效应wall effect 08-04基线宽度baseline width 08-04标准偏差standard deviation 08-04色谱峰区域宽度peak width 08-04液相传质阻力 resistance of liquid mass transfer 08-04 气相传质阻力resistance of gas mass transfer 08-04 区域扩展zone spreading 08-04传质速率rate of mass transfer 08-04传质阻力resistance of mass transfer 08-04流型扩散dispersion due to flow profile 08-04涡流扩散eddy diffusion 08-04分子扩散molecular diffusion 08-04纵向扩散longitudinal diffusion 08-04戈雷方程式Golay equation 08-04范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation 08-04有效塔板高度effective plate height 08-04理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate（HETP） 08-04 有效理论塔板数number of effective theoretical plates 08-04理论塔板数number of theoretical plates 08-04溶剂效率solvent efficiency 08-04柱效column efficiency 08-04比移值Rf value 08-04压力梯度校正因子j pressure gradient correction factor j 08-04保留温度retention temperature 08-04保留指数retention index 08-04相对保留值relative retention value 08-04比保留体积specific retention volume 08-04净保留体积net retention volume 08-04校正保留体积corrected retention volume 08-04调整保留体积adjusted retention volume 08-04调整保留时间adjusted retention time 08-04保留体积retention volume 08-04保留时间retention time 08-04载气carrier gas 08-04流动相mobile phase 08-04荧光薄层板fluorescent thin layer plate 08-04薄层板thin layer plate 08-04堆积性能bulk property 08-04减尾剂tailing reducer 08-04物理钝化法physical deactivation 08-04釉化处理glazing 08-04硅烷化法silanizing 08-04碱洗法alkali wash 08-03酸洗法acid wash 08-03载体的钝化deactivation of support 08-03载体的活性部位active site of support 08-03石墨化碳黑graphitized carbon black 08-03碳分子筛 carbon molecular sieve 08-03化学键合固定相 bonded stationary phase 08-03柱流失column bleeding 08-03液相载荷量liquid phase loading 08-03固定液 stationary liquid 08-03载体 support 08-03固定相stationary phase 08-03柱老化condition (aging) of column 08-03柱寿命column life 08-03柱容量column capacity 08-03复合柱combined column 08-03载体涂层开口管柱support coated open tubular column，SCOT 08-03 多孔层开口管柱 porous layer open tubular column，PLOT 08-03涂壁毛细管柱wall coated open tubular column，WCOT 08-03开口管柱open tubular column 08-03填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column 08-03微填充柱micro-packed column 08-03检测器线性范围detector linear range 08-03最小检测浓度minimum detectable concentration 08-03最小检测量minimum detectable quantity 08-03检测器检测限detector detectability 08-03检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity 08-03相对校正因子relative correction factor 08-03校正因子correction factor 08-03相对响应值relative response 08-03响应值response 08-03分流器splitter 08-03馏分收集器 fraction collector 08-03夹层槽sandwich chamber 08-03展开槽developing tank 08-03薄层扫描仪thin layer chromatography scanner 08-03光密度计densitometer 08-03含氧化合物分析器 oxygen specific response of the flame ioni… 08-03 微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱检测器 08-03赫尔希池检测器Hersch cell detector 08-03表面电位检测器surface potential detector 08-03微库仑检测器micro coulometric detector 08-03微吸附检测器micro adsorption detector 08-03气体密度天平检测器gas density balance detector 08-03射频放电检测器radiofrequency discharge detector 08-03辉光放电检测器glow discharge detector 08-03光离子化检测器photo-ionization detector, PID 08-03色谱基本理论文章列表火焰光度检测器flame photometric detector, FPD 08-03电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector 08-03电离截面检测器ionization cross section detector 08-03氩电离检测器argon ionization detector 08-02氦电离检测器helium ionization detector 08-02无放射源电子俘获检测器non-radioactive electron capture dete… 08-02 电子俘获检测器electron capture detector 08-02放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector 08-02氮-磷检测器nitrogen-phosphorus detector ,NPD 08-02碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector, AFID 08-02氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization detector, FID 08-02热导检测器thermal conductivity detector,TCD 08-02浓度型检测器concentration sensitive detector 08-02质量流量mass flow rate 08-02质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 08-02微分型检测器differential detector 08-02积分型检测器integrating detector 08-02绝对检测器absolute detector 08-02检测器detector 08-02气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪 chromatograph coupled with infrared… 08-02气相色谱-质谱联用仪 gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer 08-02工业色谱仪 industrial chromatograph 08-02气相色谱仪 gas chromatography 08-02等离子体色谱法plasma chromatography 08-02空穴色谱法 vacancy chromatography 08-02热色谱法chromatothermography 08-02vacuum fusion (gas) chromatography 08-02程序变流色谱法programmed flow (gas) chromatography 08-02程序升温色谱法 programmed temperature (gas) chromatography 08-02 体积色谱法volumetric chromatography 08-02催化色谱法catalytic (gas) chromatography 08-02激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer 08-02热丝（带）裂解器filament pyrolyzer 08-02居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer 08-02管式炉裂解器 tube furnace pyrolyzer 08-02裂解气相色谱法 pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC 08-02反应气相色谱法 reaction gas chromatography 08-02顶替法 displacement development 08-02迎头色谱法 frontal method 08-02吸附色谱法 adsorption chromatography 08-02薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography TLC 08-02圆型纸色谱法 circular paper chromatography 08-02色谱纸chromatographic paper 08-02盐析纸色谱法salting-out paper chromatography 08-02纸色谱法paper chromatography 08-02气-液色谱法 gas-liquid chromatography, GLC 08-02气-固色谱法 gas-solid chromatography, GSC 08-02程序升压programmed pressure 08-02毛细管超临界流体色谱法capillary supercritical fluid chromat… 08-02 超临界流体色谱法supercritical fluid chromatography 08-02反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography (IGC) 08-02气相色谱法gas chromatography，GC 08-02色谱法chromatography 08-02[图文]色谱常用符号与术语表maomi0024 08-01圆筒模型cylindrical model 07-31圆锥模型conical model 07-31粘度检测器viscosity detector 07-31多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph… 07-31 小角激光散射光度计low-angle laser light scattering photomet… 07-31 光散射检测器light scattering detector 07-31高温凝胶色谱法high temperature gel chromatography 07-31固有粘度intrinsic viscosity 07-31流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume 07-31分子量分布molecular weight distribution 07-31多分散度polydispersity 07-31重均分子量weight mean molecular weight 07-31数均分子量number mean molecular weight 07-31软（质）凝胶soft gel 07-31水系凝胶色谱柱aqua-system gel column 07-31非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column 07-31渗透极限分子量 permeation limit molecular weight 07-31排斥极限分子量exclusion limit molecular weight 07-31凝胶外体积 gel interstitial volume 07-31凝胶内体积 gel inner volume 07-31液滴逆流色谱drop counter-current chromatography 07-31制备色谱preparative chromatography 07-31填充柱packed column 07-31逆流色谱法counter-current chromatography 07-30分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography 07-30高速逆流色谱法high speed counter-current chromatography 07-30 柱老化column ageing 07-30柱寿命column life 07-30薄壳型微珠载体pellicular microbead support 07-30碳分子筛carbon molecular sieve 07-30生物色谱biological chromatography 07-30场流分离field-flow fractionation 07-30萃取色谱法extraction chromatography 07-30灌注色谱法perfusion chromatography 07-30贯注色谱填料perfusion chromatography packing 07-30旋转小室逆流色谱rotational little-chamber counter-current c… 07-30 金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase 07-30大环化合物色谱large ring compound chromatography 07-30减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography 07-30干柱色谱法dry-column chromatography 07-30胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography 07-30平板色谱planar chromatography 07-30包覆型填料coated packing material 07-30柱中衍生化on-column derivatization 07-30柱后衍生化post-column derivatization 07-30柱前衍生化pro-column derivatization 07-30流动相梯度eluent gradient 07-30超声波脱气ultrasonic degas 07-30大孔填料macro-reticular packing material 07-30全多孔型填料macro-reticular packing material 07-30柱切换技术column switching technique 07-30溶胀swelling 07-30表面多孔填料superficially porous packing material 07-30 超临界流体色谱supercritical fluid chromatography 07-30 超临界流体supercritical fluid 07-30基质substrate materials 07-30无孔单分散填料non-porous monodisperse packing 07-30 线性梯度linear gradient 07-30阶梯梯度stagewise gradient 07-30表面多孔硅胶superficially porous silica gel 07-30疏溶剂色谱法solvophobic chromatography 07-30固相扩散solid diffusion 07-30实心载体solid support 07-30疏溶剂理论solvophobic theory 07-30短柱色谱法short column chromatography 07-30半制备柱semi-preparation column 07-30手性色谱chiral chromatography 07-30样品预处理sample pretreatment 07-30金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography 07-30触角载体tentacle supports 07-30正相高效液相色谱法normal phase high performance liquid chro… 07-30 反相柱reversed phase column 07-30手性流动相chiral mobile phase 07-30循环色谱法recycling chromatography 07-30多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography 07-30径流柱radial flow column 07-30径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography 07-30多孔载体porous support 07-30多孔硅胶porous silica gel 07-30孔结构pore structure 07-30孔径分布pore size distribution 07-30孔径pore diameter 07-30径向压缩柱radial compression column 07-30pH值梯度洗脱pH gradient elution 07-30柱负载能力column loadability 07-30超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extract，SFE 07-30填料packing material 07-30分配色谱partition chromatography 07-30非线性色谱non-linear chromatography 07-30停流进样stop-flow injection 07-30高压液相色谱法high pressure liquid chromatography 07-30离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography 07-30迎头色谱法frontal chromatography 07-30热透镜光谱检测法heat lens absorbance detection 07-30体积排斥色谱size exclusion chromatography 07-30光声检测法photoacoustic detection 07-30间接光度（检测）色谱法indirect photometric chromatography 07-30 快速色谱法high-speed chromatography 07-30顶替色谱法displacement chromatography 07-30反应色谱reaction chromatography 07-30径向展开色谱radial development chromatography 07-30高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch… 07-30 液相色谱-质谱分析法liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 07-30 硅烷化载体silanized support 07-30液相色谱-质谱仪liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer 07-30非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase 07-30荧光色谱法fluorescence chromatography 07-30唐南排斥Donnan exclusion 07-30盐析色谱法salting-out chromatography 07-30非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography 07-30非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support 07-30常压液相色谱法common-pressure liquid chromatography 07-30窄粒度分布narrow particle size distribution 07-30。