牛津译林版高一英语任务型阅读解题技巧及专项训练
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解One of the biggest problems when we are talking is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the past, I struggle d with this and I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.After studying this in depth, I had different opinions and found that one of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering (过滤)--holding back from saying something until you've "checked" to make sure that what you're about to say is cool, impressive and interesting. Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you don't know how to change from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.It is the reflex (习惯性思维) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you don't say anything that could land you in jail (监狱).All of the "Oh! That's interesting…" "Hmm, I've never heard of that" "Hmm, cool!" expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you're really listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want to talk to you even more.Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if it's not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.（1）If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can .A. train their working skillB. improve their life qualityC. enrich their social lifeD. establish their working relationship（2）When talking with others, we should .A. feel nervousB. think twiceC. be free to expressD. avoid breaking in （3）According to the passage, what do the speakers care much about?A. The attractive topics of conversation.B. The atmosphere of the conversation.C. The listener's experiences and tastes.D. The listener's curiosity and concern.（4）What does the underlined part "juice-up conversations" mean?A. making conversations more boringB. making conversations livelierC. making conversations smootherD. making conversations more relaxing【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文本文是一篇议论文，我们谈话时最大的问题之一是尴尬的沉默。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Amazon Best Sellers: Best BooksA Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018by James ComeyIn his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his never-before-told experiences from some of the highest-risk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government, exploring what good, ethical（道德的）leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions. His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.Hardcover $17.9912 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos- January 23, 2018 by Jordan B. PetersonWhat does everyone in the modern world need to know? Famous psychologist Jordan B. Peterson's answer to this most difficult of questions uniquely combines the hard-won truths of ancient tradition with the great findings of most-advanced scientific research.Hardcover $15.57How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van DorenWith half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to reading comprehension for the general reader, completely rewritten and updated with new material. Originally published in 1940, this book is a rare phenomenon, a living classic that introduces and clarifies the various levels of reading and how to achieve them-from elementary reading, through systematic skimming and inspectional reading, to speed reading.Paperback $10.31Everybody, Always: Becoming Love in a World Full of Setbacks and Difficult People- April 17, 2018 by Bob GoffPaperback $10.19What happens when we stop avoiding difficult people and simply love everyone? In his wildly entertaining and inspiring follow-up to the New York Times bestselling phenomenon Love Does, Bob Goff takes readers on a life-altering journey into the secret of living without fear, care, restriction, or worry.（1）If you want to become an effective leader, you can try ________.A. How to Read a BookB. Everybody, AlwaysC. 12 Rules for LifeD. A Higher Loyalty （2）What do we know about How to Read a Book?A. It is written by Mortimer J. Adler.B. It is completely the same as the original one.C. It has been published since 1940.D. There are many other books similar to it.（3）We can learn from the passage that ________.A. All the four books are paperbacks.B. Paperbacks are cheaper than hardbacks.C. JordanD. Peterson is the former FBI director.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了亚马逊最畅销的几种书。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.（1）What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skills.C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.（2）What is a speaker's way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.（3）What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的说服方法：精神气质，悲情和理性。
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)含解析
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.（1）What is Scientist B worried about?A. AI technology will destroy the earth.B. Computers can't think by themselves.C. Robots will take the place of humans.D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C. “Murderbots” can't decide by themselves.D. “Murderbots” will be against humans' orders.（3）Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.（4）Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?A. Scientist AB. Scientist BC. Scientists B & CD. Scientists B & A【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解答题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model.I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer.In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.（1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea?A.It's time to shorten the learning process.B.Best learning takes place over time.C.University education should be watered down.D.College education calls for reform.（2）We can learn from the passage that ________.A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" modelB.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" modelC.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" modelD.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient（3）In most US universities, ________.A.college students are offered the co-op programB.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required creditsC.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduationD.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time（4）We can infer that________.A.the author is a college professor exploring ways to make learning more efficientB.the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to affordC.the author considers the university education quality very importantD.the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者认为把大学四年的学制缩短为三年不是一个好主意，保证足够的时间才能保证大学教育的质量。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A fourth-grade teacher allowed one of her students to shave her head in the schoolyard, after bullies（仗势欺人者）teased him about his own short buzz cut（短寸头发型）. Tori Nelson got the idea after noticing that Matthew Finney, a shy boy from her homeroom at Winlock Miller Elementary School in Washington state, was standing outside his classroom crying and wearing a winter hat.Ms. Nelson could see the back of his neck had been shaved, and since Matthew usually had very thick brown curly hair, she realized that he'd had a haircut over the weekend. She asked him what was wrong, and he said he'd gotten a buzz cut for the summer. But this morning, a fifth grader on the bus made fun of him, and he didn't want to come to class and get teased by other kids. Ms Nelson tried to convince Matthew to come inside, but since school rules prohibit kids from wearing hats indoors he refused – explaining that he was afraid of showing his haircut to the other children in case they also made fun of him.Finally I said: "If you take off your hat and come to class, I'll let you give me a buzz cut, too," 'Ms Nelson told Yahoo Parenting. I figured it's just hair, and mine is already short anyway. I might as well get it shorter in time for the warm weather.'Matthew excitedly took her up on the offer, and Ms Nelson and another teacher gathered all the fourth graders together during break time. A school employee brought in scissors, which Matthew used to the cheers of his classmates, excitedly watching as his teacher's hair fell away onto the ground in the schoolyard.'It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself,' said Ms Nelson.' You have to do what it takes to reach children. Teaching isn't just about reading and writing, it's about self-esteem and accepting differences.'（1）What mainly led to Matthew's standing outside the classroom?A. His fear of being laughed at.B. His willingness to learn.C. His violating school rules.D. His not finishing his homework.（2）Why did Ms. Nelson have her head shaved?A. To show sympathy for Matthew.B. To comfort and encourage Matthew.C. To prepare for the warm weather.D. To show her unique personality.（3）What is Ms Nelson like?A. responsible and caringB. knowledgeable and creativeC. Humorous and easygoingD. Strong and determined（4）What is the best title for the passage?A. The real meaning of teachingB. Stand up to school bullyingC. Teach kids to respect differencesD. A haircut full of love【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Matthew由于害怕同学们嘲笑自己的头发不敢进教室，老师Tori Nelson安慰他，并和他一起剪了头发。
牛津译林版高中英语高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题策略(共24张ppt)
策略二：抓住首段，关注篇章结构特点 , 找标题
例3
Based on home prices, median income
and mortgage(抵押）rates these cities have
the most affordable home prices in the nation,
according to the National Association of Home
策略一：抓住关键词或短语
例1
------They also found that more than 80 percent of drivers said they would immediately stop using their mobile phone while driving if a loved one or someone in their top friends list asked them to. We urge everyone to act on this information.
The article is written to___B___.
最新高一英语阅读理解答题技巧专题训练含答案
高中阅读理解专项训练附答案解析1篇Friendships are very important to teenagers. Friendships provide teenagers with chances to develop social skills. Teenagers can learn how to end a fight and still remain friends. Friends provide fun and excitement for teenagers through games. Friends also give advice to one another. Teenagers talk through lots of problems with their friends. Friendships also provide help during times of difficulty. It is helpful for teenagers to have a friend who is going through the same situations.Wh at happens when youth don’t have friends? Teenagers without friends are usually more lonely and unhappy. They will have lower levels of grades and lower confidence. As they get older, they are more apt to drop out of school.As kids move into their teenager years, friends and friendships play an important role in teenager life as a way of getting personal enjoyment and social learning.Most teenagers will have friends who parents either like or dislike. However, it is important to keep in mind that one way teenagers can truly learn how to choose and keep friends is through personal experience, which is sure to have some mistakes. Parents should not be too hard on teenagers when they choose friends who are not good enough or when their friendship fails. Remember, every social experience helps teenagers to learn about different people and improve social skills.As parents, it is important to encourage friendships among teenagers. However, it is important to know who your teenager’s friends are and to communicat e openly about changes in friendships with your teenagers.1．How many advantages of friends and friendship are mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.2．What does the underlined sentence probably mean?A．They get better grades and leave school earlier.B．They have a lower chance of leaving school earlier.C．They have a higher chance of leaving school earlier.D．They are good at dealing with social problems after school.3．Who are the most possible readers of the passage?A．Teachers. B．Teenagers.C．Researchers. D．Parents.4．What is the best title for the passage?A．Friendship May Be DangerousB．Friendship Is Important to TeenagersC．Parents Should Choose Friends for Their ChildrenD．Parents’ Advice Is Important to Teenagers’ Friendship【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．B【分析】这是一篇议论文。
【英语】高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)及解析
【英语】高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Robots make me nervous—especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way. Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: "I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent．That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern."Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. There's a terrible thought!Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals，the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.I'm glad my machines at home are "dumb". All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!（1）The author quoted Bill Gates' words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text________.A. better-knownB. more persuasiveC. better-organizedD. more interesting（2）An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _______.A. it is much cleverer than usB. it would take over the worldC. it has the strong feeling of destroying usD. it would see us just as material（3）How does the author feel about Isaac Asimov's rules of robotics?A. OptimisticB. WorriedC. DisappointedD. Regretful（4）What does the text mainly focus on?A. The benefits of future robots.B. The new applications of robots.C. The concern for super intelligence.D. The popularity of robots in the future.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作家Isaac Asimov为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。
江苏省灌南高级中学高三英语一轮复习《任务型阅读解题技巧》学案 译林牛津版
江苏省灌南高级中学高三英语一轮复习《虚拟语气》教案译林牛津版解题思路理解文章—分析表格—定位信息—分析整合—合适的词解题提示•重视文章段落和表格层次的一一对应文章段落主题句 vs 表格里的小标题文章段落细节 vs 表格详细内容文章细节内容 vs 表格小标题•做完后，审核词的大小写、单复数、动词的正确形式任务型阅读填词类型解读一使用原词:1. A family of four to six people can easily stay in these hotels in the greatestcomfort.A large family can stay in it in great_____comfort____________2.It needs to have all the facilities that you need in order to have a comfortablevacation.To have a comfortable vacation, you should be provided with necessary and related______facilities_____.3. A good rule at work is to help your boss to succeed---- whether you like himor not.Helping him to__succeed_____________ is a good rule at work.4.New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger.The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.Title: a new research二．变形转换:1词汇变形1). There are some very good things about open education. This way ofteaching allows the students to develop their own interests in manysubjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education.Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are ____interested__________ in .2). What should we do so that our communication will be effective?How to communicate effectivelyabout their particular state. .Theme _hunger ______ is children’s biggest killer.Title: Occupation handbook The information is updated in a __regular __manner.4. The audience may disagree with you, but they can’t question your belief.Speak energetically to the audience to prevent your belief from being quesioned .5. As they fish, cheer for every fish they catch. Make a really big deal out of it. Take pictures. And if it’s possible, take some home to clean. Let the child help you clean with a table knife, so he can’t get hurt.Take some home and let the child help to clean with a table knife toavoid ___getting/being ____ hurt.2)句意转换1).Open educati on allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules.2）In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encou rage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.Fierce competition and great pressure on modern people may __lead/contribute ___ to the changes.3) And if you are smiling, other people will consider you as being friendlier and more approachable.Always wear a smile on your face, and this can __cause/get____________ other people to think that y ou are friendlier an d more approachable.三．总结概括_Definition_______of willpower Willpower is the ability to resist your impulses and make wise decision.____Reasons _______for moving into an assisted-living facility Many aging people who livindependently need more help from day to day.Chi ldren feel bad when they can’t payback their parents.3. Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Joh nson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.◆Open education enables students to realize they ar e learning for ____themselves______, not for others. ◆In open classrooms, many students don ’t need to be _____afraid ____of grades or rules.Purpose/Intention The programme isintended to prevent accidenta l injuriesand deaths.意图与目的：purpose(s) intention aim(s) goal(s) target(s)4).Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.cause Gases from burnig coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution.原因：cause(s) of / reason(s) for结果/结论： result(s) / consequence(s) conclusion(s) /effect(s)5). Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week.Cathy Moulton’s __suggestion_____ For five days a week, people with diabetses should do at least 30 minute’s physical activity.建议提示:advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s)6）Doctor Black says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. It is high time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals. The researchers say early help such as this could reduce child deaths by 25%.The__ways____to save children ●Diets should be improved.●Diets should contain food with rich vitamins and minerals方式方法：method(s) /means/ approach(es) way(s) / measure(s) / manner/ solution(s)7）. Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems．For example，too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country．If tourists create too much traffic，the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy．They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitelyAdvantages disadvantages ●Developing economy●Advancing of local people●Increase employment●Having a bad effect on other ●Bringing over crowdedness●Increase pressure on traffic。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Festivals in Wales this springThere's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.Wrexham, 10-12 MayThe annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging（新兴的）musicians across the country, and 2018 sees Welsh Music Prize winner The Gentle Good and Y Selar Best Band winners. Candelas, take the stage.Aberystwyth, 19-29 MayWhether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in from the saddle（鞍）of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!Hay on Wye, 25-28 MayThe world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes, talks and trapeze（吊杠）（yes, there are even circus performers!）Based in the magical surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for everyone who likes a side of intellectualism（理智主义）with their traditional festival experience.Lawrenny, 25-28 MayIn late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place. Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for four days of “fed good”, leaving your usual routine behind and diving into a delightful mix of workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.（1）The festivals in Wales are held annually .A. in early MayB. inside and outside of WalesC. in rainy or sunny weatherD. for locals only（2）What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.B. You can meet your favorite band winners.C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.D. It doesn't last long enough.（3）Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual. Which festival do you suggest she go to?A. Wrexham, 10-12 MayB. Aberystwyth, 19-29 MayC. Hay on Wye, 25-28 MayD. Lawrenny, 25-28 May【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的，做的和体验至的项目。
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer's theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK's University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University's paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It's only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.（1）Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?A. Alfred Romer.B. Charles Darwin.C. Hannah Byrne.D. Steven Balbus.（2）Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?A. There were larger oceans.B. Earth was closer to the moon.C. The moon gave off more energy.D. Earth was under greater pressure.（3）The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”.A. foundB. settledC. abandonedD. trapped（4）What is the focus of the article?A. The arguments over a scientific theory.B. The proposal of a new scientific theory.C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。
译林牛津版高三英语复习素材：高考任务型阅读解题技巧
高中英语讲义高考任务型阅读解题技巧Teaching aimsAfter learning, students will be able to:1.Have a better understanding of the methods of doing task-based reading.2.Grasp the methods of doing task-based reading.Teaching important and difficult points1.Make the students have a better understanding of task-based reading2.Reinforce their abilities of doing exercises concerning task-based reading.Teaching facilities1.Multi-media2.Black boardTeaching proceduresStep 1 Lead in1) Abilities that are tested2) Solutions 读大意→找关键→划相关词句→推断→选词→复查Step 2 Introduce two aspects of task-based reading(1) 信息转换题1. 词形、词性转换2. 同义词和反义词转换3. 句子结构转换4. 信息释义5. 表达方式转换(2) 信息归纳题1. 解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。
2. 归纳词的特征: 概括性、准确性、醒目性Step 3 SummaryStep 4 ConsolidationStep 5 HomeworkExercise: Task-based readingAttitude is a mental state relative to what we believe and affects our entire lives. We express our attitude in our words and actions.One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in life is to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance，relationships and everyone around you.In truth，people generally don’t have a high level of attitude awareness. They’ll know if they are hungry or if their feet hurt，but they u sually don’t have a good handle on their attitude. That is a mistake because attitude decides everything. It governs the way you perceive(感知) the world and the way the world perceives you.We all have a choice. We can choose an inner dialogue or self - encouragement and self -motivation. It’s a power we all have. Each of us experiences hard times，hurt feelings，heartache，and physical and emotional pain. The key is to realize it’s not what happens to you that matters；it’s how you choose to respond.Your mind is a computer that can be programmed. Your inner dialogue is the software that programs your attitude，which determines how you present yourself to the world around you. You have control over the programming. Whatever you put into it is reflected in what comes out. The sad reality of life is that we will continue to hear negative information，but we don’t have to program it into our brains.The loudest and most influential voice you hear is your own inner voice.It can work for or against you，depending on the messages you allow. It can be optimistic or pessimistic(悲观的)．It can wear you down or cheer you up.Habitual bad attitudes are often the product of past experiences and mon causes include low self - esteem，stress，fear，resentment，anger and an inability to handle changes. It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude，but the rewards of ridding ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.Here are several strategies to improve your attitude：Enthusiasm—Vital Tool for Staying MotivatedEnthusiasm is to attitude what breathing is to life. Enthusiasm makes it possible for you to apply your gifts more effectively. Enthusiasm means putting yourself in motion. It’s an internal spirit that speaks through your actions.Lighten Up Your Life with HumorHumor is a powerful motivator. The more humor and laughter in your life，the less stress you will have，which means more positive energy to help you put your attitude into action. There are also health benefits to lightening up.Exercising Will Help Keep You MotivatedOne of the best ways to move to a more positive and motivated mind is to exercise. A regular exercise routine can provide relatively quick positive feedback in the form of weight loss，muscle development and a sense of doing something positive for yourself. Seek your personal and professional success by using the tools above. It is no secret that life seems to reward us most when we approach the world with a positive attitude.Keys1. speaking/talking2. important/vital/significant3. how4. react/respond5. positive6. influence/impact7. rid8. enables/allows/helps9. good 10. Working。
最新牛津译林版高一英语任务型阅读解题技巧及专项训练
牛津译林版高一英语任务型阅读解题技巧及专项训练英语任务型阅读专项训练任务型阅读解题策略:1．略读。
理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。
因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。
同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。
表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。
只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。
2．扫读。
扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。
要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。
读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。
如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读，其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。
一般题目的结构是：①全文的标题在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。
②各段大意试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。
③对各段大意的详细的阐述从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。
3．精读。
深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。
如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。
4. 复查。
通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。
★归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写（2）单复数（3）搭配掌握常见的归纳概括词语:（1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons（2) 优劣 advantages,disadvantages(3) 异同 similarities, differences(4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice(5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of(6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s)(一)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
最新高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题（含答案）
最新⾼⼀英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练⽅法及练习题（含答案）最新⾼⼀英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练⽅法及练习题(含答案)⼀、⾼中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dys on put it: “You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(⾃我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(诉讼). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.We need to flip(翻转) this approach. In a complex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________.A. open up a discussion on the topicB. analyze the reason for successC. express the author's oppositionD. doubt the abilities of the top skaters（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage?A. B. C. D.（3）What would be the best title for the passage?A. How we can avoid failure in lifeB. What we should learn from failureC. Why failure is the key to flying highD. Where we further improve ourselves【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本⽂是⼀篇议论⽂，论证了“失败是孩⼦成功的必须条件”这⼀观点。
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive.But a year later, another juice company challenged the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him.“While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, I'd have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in the orange peel site itself.” said Timothy Treuer.Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品), analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥), but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuer's study has received worldwide a ttention, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.（1）What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?A. Add them to fuel.B. Throw them into a national park.C. Bum or bury them.D. Make them into cakes.（2）What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park?A. It lasted 15 years.B. It was signed by Treuer.C. It was made in about 1998.D. It was broken by Del Oro.（3）What was Treuer's finding?A. Orange peels contain much fibre.B. Orange peels can make soil richer.C. Orange peels rot away in a short time.D. Orange waste ruined the national park.（4）What is the author's attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Disapproving. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Admirable.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。
【英语】高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)
【英语】高一英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解The great-grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is at the age of 91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo. Takamizawa was one of the more than 200, 00 people who requested to volunteer for Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is not required for service, but it is a useful skill for volunteers to have.But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, "In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language."Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. "When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, 'It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ". Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and main English teacher. Natsuko sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone every day. They also often work together directly on phrases that Takamizawa will need for the Olympics. "Welcome to Tokyo, this is the Olympic stadium, how can I help you?" Takamizawa answers when asked to say an English phrase she has learned. Natsuko explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy. "I can clearly see her English is getting better. It's my joy now."The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a country. Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language. This situation is slowly changing as younger generations welcome English. However, Takamizawa believes real change will not happen unless Japanese people become more open to the rest of the world. With around 500 days to go until the games begin, the whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the world to Tokyo.（1）Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?A. Because English was useless.B. Because she was too young to learn English.C. Because English was forbidden to learn.D. Because she was unwilling to learn English.（2）What can we know from the third paragraph?A. Takamizawa gets strong support from her family.B. Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.C. Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher.D. Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.（3）What does the underlined phrase "This situation" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. English is not the first language in Japan.B. The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low.C. Younger generations in Japan welcome English.D. Japanese people become open to the rest of the world.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. It is never too late to learn.C. The early bird catches the worm.D. Two heads are better than one.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa为了做好迎接在东京举行的2020奥运会的志愿工作，在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下开始学习英语。
牛津译林版高中英语高考任务型阅读解题策略(共32张PPT)
Task-based reading strategy
What is task-based reading?
任务型阅读理解要求学生在阅读文章后对文章 中的某些内容或整篇文章做出概括，考察了学 生的文本理解能力，语言转化能力，篇章结构 把握能力，是一种读写结合的题型。
Task-based reading strategy
Task-based reading strategy
1. How to locate the related information? (定位)
The skill required is to compare the table with the reading material carefully and find out missing parts accordingly. (仔细比对文本后寻找相关信息)
【典例3】
That blue light keeps body temperature raised to daytime levels is the sign of degree to which nighttime blue light exposure can disrupt normal circadian rhythm.
高考任务型阅读解题策略
Task-based Reading Strategy 英语
Task-based reading strategy
Learning aims: Have a good knowledge of task-based reading. Master three basic skills by analyzing and
1. 定位--to locate the related information
牛津译林版高中英语高考阅读理解解题策略PPT
问题— 解决模式
Most people like to take a camera with them when they travel abroad. But all airports nowadays have xray security screening and X-rays can damage film.
高考阅读理解解题策略
1. 夯实语法词汇 2. 把握文体结构 3. 辨别篇章模式 4. 熟悉题型特点
夯实语法词汇
➢ 词汇是王道：
1) What is the author’s attitude towards cloning?
A. Critical
B. Indifferent C. Neutral D. Approving
一划二括三会意
长难句分析口诀
• 一划: 划主干，给主谓会意。
• 二括: 给修饰语、介短、 主谓宾，先注意，（一划）
非谓和从句加括号。
介短非谓和从句。（二括）
• 三会意：抓主题去修饰， 抓主题，去修饰，（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
逻辑关系要注意。
The opinion that breakfast is the most vital meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people from big cities are surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health.
主干信息：The opinion is widespread. 次要信息:
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.英语任务型阅读专项训练任务型阅读解题策略:1．略读。
理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。
因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。
同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。
表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。
只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。
2．扫读。
扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。
要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。
读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。
如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读，其他问题则需要对信息进行加工处理。
一般题目的结构是：①全文的标题在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。
②各段大意试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。
③对各段大意的详细的阐述从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。
3．精读。
深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。
如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。
4. 复查。
通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。
★归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写（2）单复数（3）搭配掌握常见的归纳概括词语:（1）赞成和反对的理由pros and cons（2) 优劣 advantages,disadvantages(3) 异同 similarities, differences(4) 建议 suggestions, tips, advice(5) 态度、观点 attitudes to/towards, opinion of(6) 简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction, phenomenon(phenomena), problem(s)(一)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空不超过1个单词。
Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for just three days!The fast day would be a busy one. I should call to me all my dear friends and look long into their faces, imprinting(刻上) upon my mind the outward evidences of the beauty that is within them, I should let my eyes rest, too, on the face of a baby, so that I could Catch a vision of the eager, innocent beauty which precedes the individual's consciousness of the conflicts which life develops.And I should like to look into the loyal, trusting eyes of my dogs--the serious, clever little Scottie, Darkie, and the strong, understanding Great Dane, Helga, whose warm, tender, and playful friendships are so comforting to me.On that busy first day I should also view the small simple things of my home. I want to see the warm colors in the carpets under my feet, the pictures on the walls, the lovely small furniture that transforms a house into home. My eyes would rest respectfully on the books in dot-raised type which I have read, but they would be more eagerly interested in the printed books which seeing people can read, for during the long night of my life the books I have read and those which have been read to me have built themselves into a great shining lighthouse, showing me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit.In the afternoon of that first seeing day, I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate (使陶醉) my eyes on the beauties of the world of Nature trying desperately to absorb in a few hours the vast brilliance which is presenting itself to those who can see. On the way home from my woodland trip, my path would lie close to a farm so that I might see the patient horses ploughing in the field and the peaceful content of men living close to the soil. And I should pray for the glory of a colorful sunset.When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature brings darkness.In the night of that first day of sight, I should not be able to sleep, so full would be my mind of the memories of the day!二Array请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空不超过1个单词。
Make the benefits most, reduce the drawbacks leastHosting the Olympics successfully is, perhaps, the greatest glory for a city. However, before transforming the dream into reality, the benefits and drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be considered carefully.Hosting the Olympics surely would bring about much gain to a city. Boom of the local economy, more jobs, and the possibility of generating income all sound extremely attractive to the municipal government. At the same time, better infrastructure (基础设施), cleaner environment, enjoying the wonderful game with hundreds of sports elites (精英) and entertainment stars, and the opportunity of contacting people from all over the world also seem exciting to the citizens. Besides, the hosting will definitely promote the patriotic emotion and pride, as well as the moral behavior in local people. In most cases, hosting the Olympics is well supported by both the public and the central government.But this is not the entire view of the pretty picture. If we look from another angle, the Olympic hosting might bring about some side-effects to a city.First, the environmental impacts, including the increasing exhaust smoke of cars, more pressure on water resources, huge amount of wasted leaflets and other materials used for public activities, aremost probably neglected. In order to broaden the streets, some trees may have to be cut. Near the.四请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。