英语专业八级语言学辅导材料

英语专业八级语言学辅导材料

Section 1 What is Linguistics?

nguage is a system of arbitrary vocal sysmbols used for human _____.

A. contact

B. communication

C. relation

D. community

2. Language is _______.

A. instinctive

B. non-instincitve

C. static

D. genetically transmitted

3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as ______.

A. unnatural

B. something to be feared

C. natural

D. abnormal

4. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree

B. crash

C. typewriter

D. bang

5. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is ____.

A. interrogative

B. directive

C. informative

D. performative

6. _____ is a grammatical description of a language specially designed as an aid to teaching that language to native or foreign learners.

A. Descriptive grammar

B. Prescriptive grammar

C. Pedagogical grammar

D. Universal grammar

7. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be sage and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?

A. Interpersonal.

B. Emotive.

C. Performative.

D. Recreatioal.

8. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barrirs caused by time and place, due to this featue of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?

A. Transferability.

B. Duality.

C. Displacement.

D. Arbitrariness.

9. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play accoridng to the functiona of language?

—A nice day, isn’t it?

—Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.

A. Emotive.

B. Phatic.

C. Performative.

D. Interpersonal.

10. Which branch of lingusitcs studies the similarities and differences among languages?

A. Diachronic linguistics.

B. Synchronic linguistics.

C. Prescriptive linguistics.

D. comparative linguistics.

11. _____ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the

rules of his language in utterances.

A. Performance

B. Competence

C. Langue

D. Parole

12. _____ deals with language application to other fields, particualrly educaiton.

A. Linguistic geography

B. Sociolinguistics

C. Applied linguistics

D. Comparative linguistics

参考答案：1-6 BBCACC 7-12 CCBDAC

Section 2 Phonology

1.Pitch variation is known as ______ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.

A. intonation

B. tone

C. pronunciation

D. voice

2. Conventionally a _____ is put in slashes.

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are ______ of the p phoneme.

A. analogues.

B. tagmemes

C. morphemes

D. allophones

4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as ____.

A. glottis

B. vocal cavity

C. pharynx

D. uvula

5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as ____ diphthongs.

A. wide

B. closing

C. narrow

D. centering

6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called ____.

A. minimal pairs

B. allomorphs

C. phones

D. allophones

7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

A. Acoustic phonetics.

B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Auditory phonetics.

D. Neither of them.

8. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?

A. [z]

B. [w]

C. [θ]

D. [v]

9. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n]

B. [m]

C. [b]

D. [p]

10. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?

A. [i:]

B. [u]

C. [e]

D. [i]

11. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrationg?

A. V oiceless

B. V oiced

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

12. Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative?