虚拟语气讲解(1)
英语语法讲解之——虚拟语气[1]
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虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功!I．状语从句中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ had +动词的过去分词+ ……主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +动词的过去分词+……If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。
If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time.要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。
虚拟语气-讲解
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反例句：If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反例句：If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.三、与过去事实相反例句：If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 注意：在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式多用were,可不考虑其人称。
eg: I f I were you, I would stay here.四、虚拟语气的特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：eg: Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,…)Were I twenty now, I would join the army. (=If I were…)否定式，Were it not for…”和“Had it not been for…”eg: Were it not for your help, I would never be a good teacher.五、虚拟语气的其他用法注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they(should) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should)stop smoking.注意：不用虚拟语气的suggest和insist；当suggest表示“暗示，表明”讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为，反复说”讲时，其后均不可用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气用法讲解
虚拟语气用法讲解1.虚拟语气一定是跟过去相关的时态。
换言之，在虚拟语气中不可能出现跟现在或者是过去相关的时态。
2.虚拟语气表示的是不可能实现的情况。
表示的是说话人一种主观愿望和想法。
3.分类讨论：（2）如果我是你的话，我就会抓住这个机会（2）如果我努力工作的话，我就通过那次考试了。
（3）如果明天下雨的话，我们就取消我们的宴会。
二．虚拟语气在条件状语从句当中的特殊用法：(一)、虚拟语气的倒装( were, had, should)(1)If you were a doctor, you would save a lot of people in the battlefield.——Were you a doctor, you would save a lot of people in the battlefield.(2)If I had had enough money, I would have donated more to the people in Sichuan. ——Had I had enough money, I would have donated more to the people in Sichuan.(3)If it should rain , we would not go to the tai mountain tomorrow.——Should it rain, we would not go to the tai mountain tomorrow.即时练习：1.Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been2._____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be3._____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved（二）、错综时间条件句如果条件状语从句和主句所指代时间不一致，那么需要分开对待。
虚拟语气讲解与练习
虚拟语气第一部分知识讲解虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中,虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态形影不离; 虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的;第一节 if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.真实条件句如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我就去.If she invited me, I should go to the party.虚拟条件句说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能If I were you, I should study English. I am not you , so I shall not study English.If I had time, I would attend the wedding. I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.二、混合虚拟语气条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. 从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right nowIf I were you, I would have gone home.If you had practiced speaking English every day, you would speak English well enough.如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话,你的英语就会说得很好.三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句可以改为条件状语从句Without air, there would be no living things.相当于:If there were no air, there would be no living things.But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.相当于:If you had not helped me, I couldn’t have done it.四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had或should,就可以倒装;将were, had或should放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉; 变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式;如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装;If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way.→ Were I to do it, I`d do it some other way.If you should fail, try again.→ Should you fail, try again.If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him.→ Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.这句话不能倒装.而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如:Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.但不能说: Weren`t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.第二节固定结构中的虚拟语气一、.It ishigh timethat……句型中的虚拟语气在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式,.意思为“现在该……的时候了”It is high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight.二、.wish+宾语从句结构I wish it were Spring all the year round. I wish I were Jane.I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.三.If only句中的虚拟语气If only he were hereIf only I knew moreIf only he had stayed with usIf only I had taken his advice注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中;例如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car.四、在would just as soon 宁愿would sooner 宁愿would just rather 宁愿后的宾语从句中,从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情,若谈及过去的动作,用过去完成时;其后不加that;.I`d rather I were in the rain now.Don’t always make noise. I’d rather you kept silent.五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中,意为“以免”,从句要用虚拟语气;构成should+动词原形,should也可以省略;Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.六、as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去,则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式;如果指的是现在的状况,则用过去式;指将来则用wouldshould, could+动词原形.这里只看从句动作发生的时间,与主句的时态没有关系. Some metals look at first sight as though they were gold.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.She looks as if/though she were ill.He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.倒塌七.在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的动词request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.He suggested that we should have a meeting.The commander ordered that the bridgeshould be bombed.八.与表示请求,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.suggesttion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order.Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.表语从句==We suggested that education not be industrialized.He made a request that heshould be allowed to take 3 days off.==He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.九.表示建议,请求,命令动词在以下结构中主语从句“It is suggested/ required/ request/ ordered/ advised/ insisted/ demanded that……”用虚拟语气.It was suggested that he should attend the conference.It was requested that the trial should be reported openly.十.在以下结构中主语从句It is important/ necessary/ strange/ desirable/ advisable/ better/essential/ vital / imperative必须的that…句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气,should 可以省略,that不能省略.It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter;It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.第二部分虚拟语气练习题一、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟1. ________, he would have come to class.A If Mike is able to finish his homeworkB Would Mike be able to finish his homeworkC If Mike could finish his homeworkD If Mike had been able to finish his homework2. __________your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.A Had I not takenB If I didn`t takeC If I haven`t takenD Provided I didn`t take3. He ____________ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night.A .might beB would beC might have been D. should have been4. If he had been in better health, he ____________more books.A. can writeB. could have writtenC. could writeD. have written, everything would have been all right.A. He had been hereB. Been here he hadC. Here he had beenD. Had he been here二、混合虚拟语气6. I ________ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. should arriveB. would be arrivingC. could have arrivedD. arrived三、用介词短语without, but for代替条件状语从句7. ________ your help, I could not have finished my work so early.A withB byC forD without8. Without his wise mother, he _________ such a successful scientist.A. would not becomeB. should not have becomeC. may not have becomeD. could not have become四、It’ s high/abouttime结构9. It’s time the dog __________ how to behave prop erly.A is learningB learnsC learned D. to learn10. It’s high time you _________ the problem carefully about what you will do in the future.A are studiedB must studyC studied D. study11. It’s high time we_______ something to stop road accidents.A are doingB didC will do D. do12. It’s high time __________ about the traffic problem.A. something were doneB. something is doneC. anything will be doneD. nothing to be done五、在wish+宾语从句中13. I wish you __________here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival.A. cameB. had comeC. comeD. will come六、在would just rather, would just as soon ,would sooner宁愿结构中14. I’d just as soon __________those important papers with you.A. that you won’t takeB. your not taking C please don’t you take D. you didn’t take15. Mr. Smith would just rather we__________ now , but we must go to work.A. not leave B didn’t leave C are not to leave D won’t leave16. I would rather you _____ to the party with her.A goB wentC will goD has gone七、在表示建议,请求,命令的宾语从句中17. Experiments __________that accurate measurements be made.A. showB. proveC. demandD. head18. The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 o’clock.A. finishedB. had finishedC. finishD. was finishing八、表示建议,请求,命令,坚持等同位语、表语从句中的虚拟语气19. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _______ to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. be heatedD. would be heated20. We are all for your proposal that the discussion__________.A. be put offB. was put offC. will be put offD. should put off九、主语从句21. It is requested that the rent for the house _________ in advance.A. will have to be paidB. has to be paidC. should have to be paidD. should be paid22. It is very important that enough money_________ to fund the project .A. be collectedB. must be collectedC. is collectedD. can be collected23. It is necessary that the problem __________ in some way or other.A. is settledB. has been settledC. be settledD. was settled第三部分补充练习1. If you _______5 minutes earlier, you ________ him.A. should come; had seenB. came; would seeC. come; will seeD. had come; would have seen2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he __ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang ______ such silly mistakes.A. madeB. makesC. makeD. had made4. They demanded that the books ______ to the school library at once.A. returnB. should returnC. be returnedD. would be returned5. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful gardenA. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had6. It is high time that we _______ to think how to deal with the money.A. would beginB. beganC. beginD. begun7. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie8. If I had had enough time, I _______ my work.A. would finishB. must have finishedC. would have finishedD. had finished9. Ten minutes earlier, they ________ the plane.A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught10. Mr. Green requires that the students ________ a composition every other week.A. writeB. writtenC. would writeD. will write11. Had he studied hard, he ______ the exam.A. would passB. could passC. had passedD. would have passed12. I wish I _______ what is happening there in this room.A. knowB. knownC. knewD. should know13. If there were no water in the world, everything __________.A. will dieB. would dieC. would have diedD. would have been dead14. _______ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known15. He ordered that the work ________ right away.A. should finishB. finishedC. would be finishedD. be finished16. ---Shall we go to the movie tonight--- No, I’d rather____at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay17. Mrs. Black insists _______ in that old hotel.A. not to stayB. not stayingC. staying notD. that she not stay.18. If you had spoken clearly, you would ________ .A. understand itB. have understoodC. be understoodD. have been understoodyou _______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.A. haven’t watchedB. hadn’t watchedC. didn’t watchD. wouldn’t have watchedelectronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________ achieved.A. will not beB. would not beC. would not have beenD. cannot have beendidn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn. You _______ so tired.A. drove, didn’t getB. drove, wouldn’t getC. were driving, wouldn’t getD. had driven, wouldn’t have got22. Wouldn’t you rather that your child ______ to bed earlyA. goB. wentC. would goD. goesfor the traffic jam, we _______ on time.A. arrivedB. would arriveC. will have arrivedD. would have arrived24 My suggestion is that he _______ there at once.A. should sendB. would sendC. be sentD. sentonly we ________ about the danger, we could not have joined you.A. knewB. had knownC. should knowD. knowdidn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my br other.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come27.—If he _____, he ______ that food.---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned: would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned: had not takenelectricity, human life _________ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would beinsist that a doctor _________ immediately.A. has been sent forB. sends forC. will be send forD. be send formy lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from doing.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were ; would preventD. were; would have prevented31. ________, all the students would hear.A. If the teacher had spoken louderB. If the teacher will speak louderC. Had the teacher spoken louderD. If the teacher spoke louder32. It is of the utmost importance that gasoline ______ smoothly in the engine if the engine is to function properly.A. burnsB. burnC. would burnD. has burned33. What should we do if it_______ tomorrowA. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow34. If you_______ at school, you_________ a college student now.A. had studied hard; would have beenB. should have studied hard; should have beenC. had studied hard; would beD. would study hard; must have beenthe work on time without your help.A. hadn’t finishedB. didn’t have finishedC. couldn’t have finishedD. can’t have finished36. He must have had an accident, or he _________then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here37. _______ I been there, I could have explained it.A. HaveB. ShouldC. WouldD. Hadinsist that a meeting _________ held as soon as possible.A. have beenB. should beC. to beD. being39. Eleven thirty. It’s time we ___________ lunch.A. must prepareB. are preparingC. preparedD. prepare40. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody __________ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obeyapartment manager demanded ___________ immediately.A. Bill to move outB. that Bill move outC. that Bill moves outD. that Bill moved out42. Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed43. The teacher demanded that the exam ________ before eleven.A must finishB would be finishedC be finishedD must be finished44. They must have been enjoying themselves there, or they ______ so long.A. can’t have stayedB. wouldn’t have stayed.C. needn’t have stayedD. couldn’t stayyou were coming, I’d have met you at the railway station.A. I had knownB. I have knownC. Had I knownD. Have I known46 _________, we could not have finished the work on time.A. If they do not helpB. Should they offer to helpC. But for their helpD. It was not for their help.47. Your suggestion that he ________ till next week is reasonable.A. will waitB. waitC. shall waitD. waits’d rather you ________ anyt hing about it for the time being.A. don’tB. didn’tC. didn’t doD. doI had known how to repair the toaster, I surely ________her.A. will tellB. shall tellC. would have toldD. would tell50. She was busy preparing for the final exam, otherwise she __________you much help.A. would giveB. gaveC. had givenD. would have given。
虚拟语气讲解版
2. 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中
If only 引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟 语气结构，现已成为惯用法，表达愿望一种不真实的 条件，译成“要是……就好了！” 从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望， 对过去没有实现的或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去 完成时。
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好 了．
等.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2. would/had rather
would sooner/prefer+object clause 在虚拟语气中的用法表 示希望或婉转的责备。
E.g. 1.I intended I should call on you , but I was busy at that time. 2.I am sorry ,but I really didn’t mean to hurt. 3.I had planned to travel to Canada, but I had something more important to cope with.
I didn’t hear the phone, I must have been sleeping..
五）虚拟语气用于主语从句．
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应 如此等． 句型：It is /was+ 形容词/过去分词/名词 + that ……
虚拟语气用法
虚拟语气用法虚拟语气，又称“虚拟假设语气”，是指说话者或写作者在表达某种情况时，通过使用特定的语法形式来表示这种情况实际上并不存在或者与事实相反。
虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，它可以用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测等多种语境。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的各种用法及例句。
一、假设与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的情况或假设。
在这种情况下，谓语动词常以“would/could/should + 动词原形”或“were + 主语”等形式出现。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我有钱，我会环游世界。
If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.如果她学得更努力，她本来可以通过考试的。
2. 虚拟语气用于愿望：I wish I were taller.我希望我更高一些。
I wish you wouldn't be late for the meeting.我希望你不要迟到开会。
3. 虚拟语气用于建议：I suggest that he should see a doctor.我建议他去看医生。
It is recommended that every student study English.建议每个学生都学习英语。
二、与过去事实相反的情况虚拟语气还常用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
在这种情况下，主要使用“had + 过去分词”形式或其他相应的虚拟语气结构。
1. 虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的条件：If he had arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.如果他早点到，他就能赶上火车了。
If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.如果我知道你要来，我就会准备晚餐了。
(完整版)虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气语气和时态、语态一样，是动词的一种形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
英语中有四种语气:陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气：表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观事实的，也就是把动作或者状态当做事实表达出来或者提出一种看法。
疑问语气:用来提出问题或询问情况的语气。
祈使语气：用来向对方提出请求、邀请，给予忠告、指示、警告、命令等的语气。
祈使句中的主语You一般省略，动词也用原型表示.虚拟语气：把动作当做一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当作客观事实中的真实事件。
它表达的通常是怀疑、忧虑、推测、想象或祝愿。
这里主要讲解虚拟语气的一般语法特征和难点.一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件句分为两种：一种是可能实现的，一种是无法实现的，可能实现的条件句叫真实条件句，不能实践的就是虚拟条件句。
1. 真实条件句:这种条件句实现的可能性非常大。
这类条件句常用if， unless, once, as long as等引导。
Eg。
If you have any doubts about our plan， I’ll stop it. 如果你对我们的计划有怀疑，我会立刻终止它。
The secretary will get a pay raise as long as she does her job well. 这个秘书会得到加薪，只要她好好工作。
2. 虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现的或者纯假设的情况，可以对过去、现在或者将来的情况进行假象。
在这三种情况中，主句和从句中的动词也有不同的形式.A. 与现在情况相反：表示对当前不可能实现的情况的假想，此时从句用一般过去式（did sth./ were。
.。
)，主句用过去将来式（would/ shoud/ could/ might do sth.)：Eg. If I were you， I would choose to work in a small town. 如果我是你,我会选择在小镇工作。
虚拟语气讲解1
1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
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第八章◆虚拟语气◆一．什么是虚拟语气-----（）虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是_____ ，即是______ ，分两种情况：1．表示一种假设、猜测、怀疑等，常用于if条件等______从句；【例1】If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match.我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。
（事实是：我_____时间）2．表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等，常用于宾语从句等______从句。
【例2】I wish you were more careful . 但愿你更细心一些。
（事实是：你_____更细心）二．如何变为虚拟语气即虚拟语气在从句中的时态------（）时态______推进一步，即：1．将来一般将来时→ 过去将来时，即：shall/will do → ______ / ______ do；is/am/are to do →__________ do。
一般现在时→ 一般过去时，即：do →_____。
2．现在一般现在时→ 一般过去时，即：do → ____ 。
现在进行时→ 过去进行时，即：is/am/are doing → __________。
现在完成时→ 过去完成时，即：have/has done → _______。
3．过去一般过去时→ 过去完成时，即：did → _______。
★★★注意点：在表现在或将来的虚拟语气中，be常用_____，一般不用______.总之，虚拟语气都是使用____的某一种时态。
---------（）三．虚拟语气的种类(一）If条件句中的虚拟语气条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。
非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，是与事实相反的情况。
【例3】If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. （假设____发生）（______ 条件句）【例4】If I were a bird, I would fly to America. （假设______发生）（______ 条件句）1. If条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实_____或根本______存在的条件，主句会产生的一种_____获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式，见下表2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：【例5】If he should go to Peking University next year, he would make full use of histime. 如果他要上北京大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
（假设的情况不大可能发生）【例6】If he _________/___________/____________(come) here tomorrow, he would tellus about it. 明天如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
（假设的情况不大可能发生）【例7】If I _________/___________/______________( have) a chance to try it, I _________(do) it in another way. 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。
（假设的情况不大可能发生）(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：【例8】If he were free now, he would help us. 要是他现在有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
（事实是：他_____ 空）【例9】If he __________(study) at this school now, he would know you well. 如果他现在在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉的。
（事实是：他_____ 在这个学校学习）【例10】If I ______(be) you, I would __________(take) her suggestion into account.我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。
（事实是：我______你）(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：【例11】If I had seen the film yesterday, I would have told you about it. 昨天我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
（事实是：昨天我_____ 看过这部电影）【例12】If I ________(get) there earlier, I would _________(meet) Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
（事实是：我_____ 早到）【例13】If he ______ (take) my advice, he would not _______(make) such a bad mistake.要是他听了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。
（事实是：他_____听我的劝告）3．虚拟语气的省略与倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were、should,、had提到_____前。
如：【例14】If he should agree to go there, we would send him there=Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.【例15】If she were here, she would agree with us.=_________________, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
4．含蓄虚拟语气有时，句子没有直接给出if引导的假设情况的条件，而是通过其他方式来代替条件句。
1）用介词短语代替if条件句，其他部分为虚拟语气的主句。
常用介词有with（要是有）、without（___________）、but for(____________)等。
【例16】We couldn’t have succeeded without your help.(=if we hadn’t got your help)要是没有你的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。
【例17】But for his help (=I f we hadn’t got your help) , we _______(work) now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
【例18】Without your instruction（If I hadn’t had your instruction）, I would not ______ ______________(make) such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
2）用连词代替if条件句。
常用的连词有or、otherwise、but、but that 等, 其中“前一真实句+or/otherwise”相当于if从句，其____跟虚拟语气主句；而“but/but that+一个真实句” 相当于if从句，其____是虚拟语气主句。
【例19】He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or (if he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday) I would have known nothing of it.他打电话告诉我你的生日，否则我不知道。
【例20】I ______________(come) to see you, but I was too busy（if I hadn’t been busy）.我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
3) 用分词短语或独立主格结构来代替条件句，其余部分是虚拟语气的主句。
如：【例21】Given more time(If I had given more time), I ___________(do) it better.如果给予更多时间，我会做得更好。
（二）使用虚拟语气的几种从句1.wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用________或________时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用__________或“would (could)＋have＋过去分词”；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could)＋_______”。
【例22】I wish I ____（see）you yesterday.【例23】Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ (follow) your advice.2.as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用_______时或_______时；表示与过去事实相反，用________时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)＋_________”。
【例24】It seems as if the sun _____(circle) round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.注：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。
【例25】The last bus has left. It seems as if we _____ （walk）home.3.It’s time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用_______时或“should＋_______”（should___省）。
【例26】－I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.－It’s time you _____(do).4.would rather后的宾语从句：通常用_______时表示现在或______的愿望，用_______时表示过去的愿望。
【例27】－He will come tomorrow. －But I’d rather he _____ (come) the day after tomorrow. 5.一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order，command)、三个“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)、四个“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的名词性从句：一般用”should＋动词原形”（should____省）。