2019年GRE考试填空练习试题及答案解析16
GRE填空题目答案及解析整合
GRE填空题目答案及解析整合我今日给大家整理了GRE填空题目答案及解析，盼望可以关心到大家,快来一起看看吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
GRE填空题目答案及解析:精明的外交手腕9. A clever form of diplomacy involves subtly inducing the other party to propose your preference so that your ___ their requests appear as the grating of concession.A. accession toB. inattention toC. subversion ofD. abnegation ofE. repudiation ofF. acquiescence to选AF翻译：精明的外交手腕包括微妙地引导对手提出你的首选条件，这样一来，你同意他们的要求，看起来就像某种不耐烦的妥协。
accession 同意，赞同，附加(物)，就职(高位，或被授予尊贵身份，如女王登基the queens accession to the throne)inattention 未加留意subversion 颠覆abnegation 克制自己(放弃权利、利益等)，弃权repudiation 否定，拒绝(清偿、付款等)acquiescence 默认、默许(的状态或对象)grate (作动词)令人烦躁、气恼GRE填空题目答案及解析:杀死一只知更鸟8. Harper Lee’s narration in To kill a Mocking bird is ___ , mixing an adult’s and a child’s perspective according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.A. a paradigmB. hodgepodgeC. a modelD. an innovationE. a patchworkF. an embarrassment选BE翻译：哈勃·李在《杀死一只知更鸟》中的叙述杂糅，全凭紧急的情节推动，在成人与孩子的视角之间频繁切换。
2019年9月4日GRE填空真题回忆
2019年9月4日GRE填空真题回忆9月4日GRE填空部分部分题目如下：1. His _____ speaking style notwithstanding, William Perkins has long been seen as the moderate face of hispolitical party.A.genteelB.mundaneC.affableD.captivatingE.vehement答案：E解析：通过notwithstanding，对后面的moderate取反，所以选E。
翻译：即使William Perkins的说话风格是(非常激烈的)，在他的党派中，他还是被看做温和的面孔。
这个题在我们的冲分班讲义，是另一个版本，换汤不换药：William Perkins，his _____ speaking style notwithstanding, has long been seen as the moderate face of his political party.A.fieryB.genteelC.bumblingD.unremarkableE.affableF.impassioned答案：AF解析：同上。
2. Not all paleontologists agree that connections between the continents were (i)_____ just after the extinction of the dinosaurs. Some hold the view that North America, Asia, and South America had (ii)_____ immediately following the dinosaur extinction, pointing to (iii)_____ between ancient kinds of mammals that existed on all three continents at this time in support of their argument.答案：CEG解析：通过度析题目，发现空格(ii)和空格(iii)需要一起做，即“两空联动”，并且通过pointing out能够断定，两空方向相同。
2019年12月28日大陆地区GRE考试真题(考生回忆版)
2019年12月28日大陆地区GRE考试真题回顾数学部分数学1有两个三角形周长分别为52和32，比较这两个三角形的面积大小数学2k是正整数，问149的2k次方和143的2k次方的个位数比较大小数学3H={1, 2, 3, 4}，G={1, 3, 5, 7}，问点(h, g)的个数数学410个正整数，和为101，没有任何一个数超过另一个数的两倍，问：这10个数里面最大的数是多少数学5将20加在这样一个数据的其中一个因数上，这个数据是113×123×135×261×293，问加在哪个因数上会使得最后的结果最大数学6有4个同学选至少2名或以上做project 有多少种组合数学7100到999之间有多少个3位数每个位数的sum是4的数学8在大于100小于1000的整数中随机选出一个数字，求这个数能被7整除的数的概率数学932^19-32 unit digit 是啥Someone needs to import a number of sets of bottles. Each bottle charges $12.04, and it also charges $4.8 for shipping each set (not single bottle but a whole set). The standard deviation of numbers of bottles in each set is 1.5. What is the standard deviation of the prices for each set?数学11事件A发生的概率是0.85，事件B发生的概率是0.9，AB是相互独立事件，问AB都不发生的概率是多少数学12直线方程y=5x+40，x的标准差是4.6，问y的标准差是多少填空部分【所有题目均出自于真经填空机经1250题】填空104-5Give a computer (i)_____ task—winning at chess, say, or predicting the weather—and the machine bests humans nearly every time. Yet when problems are (ii)_____, or require combining varied sources, computers are (iii)_____ human intelligence.填空20-3Historian Barbara Alpern Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a (i)_____ one, because the (ii)_____ the Russian empire’s peoples meant that Russian women could never be treated as a homogeneous group.One of the peculiarities of humans is that we irrationally gravitate to the predictable and avoid risk, whatever the reasons for this _____, it is hardly a sound basis for dealing with complex, long-term problems.A. eccentricityB. predilectionC. vacillationD. proclivityE. waveringF. cowardice填空90-6Part of what currently makes it so (i)_____ to arrive at a scientific understanding of the living world is that while technological advances have produced a cascade of data—from detailed genome sequence to the sophisticated satellite imagery that documents the planet’s ecosystems—our ability to (ii)_____ these data still lags far behind their (iii)_____.填空10-7In establishing that the dust she had observed constitutes two percent of the mass in the quadrant, the astronomer showed that the dust’s extreme visual prominence _____ its relatively minor contribution to the total mass of the region.A. beliesB. masksC. highlightsD. nullifiesF. accentuates填空16-5Despite the scathing precision with which she satirizes the lives of social aspirants and moneyed folk, the writer appears to (i)_____ being part of the world she presents as so (ii)_____.填空40-1The medical professor’s thesis—hardly new, but rarely _____ by a faculty members of his distinction—is that patients are more than the sum of their symptoms and systems.A. discountedB. ignoredC. subvertedD. underestimatedE. espoused填空30-8Tompkinson’s prior donations to the university, while very generous, failed to _____ the magnitude of her latest gift.A. compensate forB. portendC. clarifyD. predictE. offsetF. undermine填空63-9Criticized for decades of overproduction in their signature line of derivative goods, Rectangle Record has satiated the market with a _____ of repackaged old CDs, which interferes with its ability to innovate and produce new albums.A. dearthB. glutC. deficiencyD. surfeitE. abundanceF. profusion填空31-3The genius of the scientific method is that it (i)_____ the dictum of Aristotle that the goal of science is knowledge of the ultimate cause of things. True science, we now know, advances human knowledge by (ii)_____ ultimate causes and focusing instead on the testing of empirical hypotheses.填空118-1The nineteenth-century legislator Robert Barnwell Rhett was known for using language so intemperate that even in an era of considerable political ______, it came almost to occupy a category of its own.A. malfeasanceB. upheavalC. hypocrisyD. invectiveE. retrenchment填空25-10For all the _____ the new CEO has received from the press recently, her staff have adecidedly less rosy view of her.A. encomiumsB. tributesC. evaluationsD. critiquesE. attentionF. publicity填空18-10Although scientific progress leads to constant revision of ideas, one observation that has remained _____ over the years is that there are a lot of insects in the world: some 950,000 species have been identified.A. robustB. significantC. strongD. perplexingE. confoundingF. obscure填空30-2The paleontologist examined the problem afresh, believing that the accepted classification _____ the essential continuity of the specimens by making specious distinctions among them.A. disprovedC. conflatedD. divulgedE. relaxed填空82-4Some academic criticism of popular novels has been (i)_____ in character, being based on the assumption that the wider the appeal, the more (ii)_____ the novel.填空69-3Throughout much of the twentieth century, common scientific sense seemed to dictate that animals could not make a choice based on rational or aesthetic criteria. Such choices were (i)_____ the mental capacity of humans. Scientists who (ii)_____ this animal-human cognitive division were often accused of anthropomorphism.填空46-5Several studies (i)_____ the assumption that paper cups, because they were made of natural products, were more environmentally (ii)_____ than cups made of plastic (polystyrene). Indeed, these studies indicated that the environmental(iii)_____ of producing and recycling paper cups were similar to, if not more than, those related to the production, disposal, and recycling of polystyrene cups.While the Prime Minister’s long-standing reputation for (i)____ practical power may (ii)_____ his recently stated willingness to devolve real power to regional assemblies and local governments, it certainly does not (iii)_____ his doing it.填空59-4According to Dr. Edith Widder, measuring the level of pollutants in sediment provides a more accurate and robust indication of an estuary's health than does measuring the level of chemicals in the water, since pollution in water is (i)_____, but pollution in sediment is (ii)_____.填空32-3Proponents of international regulation of environmental issues have always struggled against scientific uncertainty and economic hostility, two obstacles which, form a political standpoint, often have been closely related, as economic hostility toward environmental regulation for economic reasons have (i)_____ the considerable uncertainty underlying most environmental challenges to (ii)_____ of environmental regulation.填空90-4Hyana Kusiemko and her colleagues speculate that the (i)_____ support among low-income works for increases in the minimum wage is a form of last-place aversion: people who are in a marginally better position than the worst off seek to(ii)_____ to distinguish themselves from those in last place.填空97-7Patterson thought the waste leaking into the river was _____ situation: by contrast, judging from their silence on the matter, the owners of the factory felt the problem did not require immediate action.A. a lingeringB. a convolutedC. a pressingD. an enervatingE. an exigentF. an intricate阅读部分【所有题目均出自于真经阅读机经260篇】阅读-正文Passage 158Sportfishers introduced the Zander, a type of perch, to Britain’s rivers and canals in the 1970s. Because zander eat large numbers of smaller fish, they have had a devastating effect on native fish populations. To protect the native fish, a government program removed a significant proportion of the zander from Britain’s waterways last year. Surprisingly, this year the loss of native fish to zander has been greater than before.阅读-选项passage 1581.Which of the following, if true, would most help to explain the greater effectof zander on the native fish population?A. The climate in Britain is very similar to the climate in regions to which zander are native.B. Most of the zander removed were fully grown, and fully grown zander eat large numbers of smaller zander.C. Every year a large number of zander are caught by sportfisher in Britain’s waterway.D. Previous government programs designed to remove nonnative species from Britain’s waterways have failed.E. Zander are just one of several nonnative fish that prey on the other fish found in Britain’s waterway.阅读-正文Passage 215W.E.B. Du Bois’ exhibit of African American history and culture at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle attracted the attention of a world of sociological scholarship whose value his work challenged. Du Bois believed that Spencerian sociologists failed in their attempts to gain greater understanding of human deeds because their work examined not deeds but theories and because they gathered data not to affect social progress but merely to theorize. In his exhibit, Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to the observation of particular, living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure.阅读-选项passage 2151.The passage implies that Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists?A. Theorizing is important to the understanding of human actionsB. Vast generalizations have limited value.C. Data gathering is a relatively unimportant part of sociological research.D. Sociology should focus on the living elements of society rather than culturalartifacts.E. Particulars are more important than universals.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.The passage implies that Du Bois believed which of the following statements about sociology?A. It should contribute to the betterment of society.B. It should study what people actually do.C. It should focus on how existing social structures determine individual behavior.阅读-正文Passage 152In February 1848 the people of Paris rose in revolt against the constitutional monarchy of Louis-Philippe. Despite the existence of excellent narrative accounts, the February Days, as this revolt is called, have been largely ignored by social historians of the past two decades. For each of the three other major insurrections in nineteenth-century Paris—July 1830, June 1848, and May 1871—there exists at least a sketch of participants’ backgrounds and an analysis, more or less rigorous, of the reasons for the occurrence of the uprisings. Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.Two reasons for this relative neglect seem obvious. First, the insurrection of February has been overshadowed by that of June. The February Revolution overthrew a regime, to be sure, but met with so little resistance that it failed to generate any real sense of historical drama. Its successor, on the other hand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle and was widely seen by contemporary observers as marking a historical departure. Through their interpretations, which exert a continuing influence on our understanding of the revolutionary process, the impact of the events of June has been magnified, while, as an unintended consequence, the significance of the February insurrection has been diminished. Second, like other “successful” insurrections, the events of February failed to generate the most desirable kinds of historical records. Although the June insurrection of 1848 and the Paris Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-century French history by any standard, they also presentthe social historian with a signal advantage: these failed insurrections created a mass of invaluable documentation as a by-product of authorities’ efforts to search out and punish the rebels.Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848. Experiences are retold, but participants typically resume their daily routines without ever recording their activities. Those who played salient roles may become the objects of highly embellished verbal accounts or in rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals. And it is true that the publicly acknowledged leaders of an uprising frequently write memoirs. However, such documents are likely to be highly unreliable, unrepresentative, and unsystematically preserved, especially when compared to the detailed judicial dossiers prepared for everyone arrested following a failed insurrection.As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.阅读-选项passage 1521.With which of the following statements regarding revolution would the author most likely agree?A. Revolutionary mobilization requires a great deal of planning by people representing disaffected groups.B. The objectives of the February Revolution were more radical than those of the June insurrection.C. The process of revolutionary mobilization varies greatly from one revolution to the next.D. Revolutions vary greatly in the usefulness of the historical records that they produce.E. As knowledge of the February Revolution increases, chances are good that its importance will eventually eclipse that of the June insurrection.2.Which of the following is the most logical objection to the claim made in the last paragraph?A. The February Revolution of 1848 is much less significant than the Julyinsurrection of 1830.B. The backgrounds and motivations of participants in the July insurrection of 1830 have been identified, however cursorily.C. Even less is known about the July insurrection of 1830 than about the February Revolution of 1848.D. Historical records made during the July insurrection of 1830 are less reliable than those made during the May insurrection of 1871.E. The importance of the July insurrection of 1830 has been magnified at the expense of the significance of the February Revolution of 1848.3.The purpose of the second paragraph is to explain whyA. the people of Paris revolted in February 1848 against the rule of Louis-PhilippeB. there exist excellent narrative accounts of the February DaysC. the February Revolution met with little resistanceD. a useful description of the participants in the February Revolution is lackingE. the February Revolution failed to generate any real sense of historical drama4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers which of the following essential for understanding a revolutionary mobilization?A. a comprehensive theory of revolution that can be applied to the major insurrections of the nineteenth centuryB. awareness of the events necessary for a revolution to be successfulC. access to narratives and memoirs written by eyewitnesses of a given revolutionD. the historical perspective provided by the passage of a considerable amount of timeE. knowledge of the socioeconomic backgrounds of a revolution’s participants阅读-正文Passage 112Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans. Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life. A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965. Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.阅读-选项passage 1121.According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?A. consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United StatesB. attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United StatesC. employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to the United StatesD. represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identityE. examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration2.In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly meansA. in writingB. by means of drawingC. impressionisticallyD. diagrammaticallyE. vividly阅读-正文Passage 130Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40,000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastlines, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present 25,000 years ago, the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.阅读-选项passage 1301.The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?A. presenting an objection to a claimB. accounting for an apparent anomalyC. outlining an alternative interpretationD. correcting a particular misconceptionE. questioning the validity of a comparison2.The author of the passage implies which of the following about 25,000 years ago?A. The coastline of the region that is now the United States is longer than it was 40,000 years ago.B. Rivers in what is now the United States were numerous than they are now.C. Australia was less densely populated at that time than was the region that is now the United States.D. Australia’s climate was significantly drier than it is now.E. Global sea level was lower than it is now.3.The author of the passage implies that, in what is now the United States, archaeological evidence of inhabitation in the period from 40,000 to 25,000 years ago is lacking because that regionA. had its oldest habitation sites inundated following a postglacial rise in sea level.B. has many resource-rich rivers that facilitated the dispersal of early inhabitants from an initial concentration in coastal areas.C. was sparsely populated until about 25,000 years ago.D. was colonized less than 25,000 years ago.E. was inhabited only by hunter-gatherers until 25,000 years ago.阅读-正文Passage 106Although vastly popular during its time, much nineteenth-century women’s fiction in the United States went unread by the twentieth-century educated elite, who were taught to ignore it as didactic. However, American literature has a tradition of didacticism going back to its Puritan roots, shifting over time from sermons and poetic transcripts into novels, which proved to be perfect vehicles for conveying social values.In the nineteenth century, critics reviled Poe for neglecting to conclude his stories with pithy moral tags, while Longfellow was canonized for his didactic verse.Although rhetorical changes favoring the anti-didactic can be detected as nineteenth-century American transformed itself into a secular society, it was twentieth-century criticism, which placed aesthetic value above everything else, that had no place in its doctrine for the didacticism of others.阅读-选项passage1061.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?A. It explains why the fiction mentioned in the first sentence was not popular in the twentieth century.B. It assists in drawing a contrast between nineteenth-century and twentieth-century critics.C. It provides an example of how twentieth – century readers were taught to ignore certain literature.D. It questions the usefulness of a particular distinction between Poe and Longfellow made by critics.E. It explains why Poe’s stories were more popular than Longfellow’s verse during the nineteenth century.2.In the context in which it appears, “conveying” most nearly meansA. carryingB. transferringC. grantingD. impartingE. projecting阅读-正文Passage 131Animals live longer when their calorie intake is restricted to two-thirds of what is considered normal for their species. Animals so restricted are also generally healthier: most disease, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative illness, are forestalled.This phenomenon was long attributed to a simple slowing of metabolism(cells’ production of energy from fuel molecules) and consequent reproduction of its toxic by-products in response to less food. In fact, however, calorie restriction does not slow mammalian metabolism, and in yeast and worms, metabolism is both sped up and altered.Some scientists now theorize that calorie restriction is a biological stressor that, like natural food scarcity, induces a more complex defensive response, which in mammals includes changes in cellular defenses and repair.阅读-选项Passage 1311.In the passage, the function of the highlighted portion (in yeast… and altered) is toA. provide specific examples of organisms whose longevity does not increase in response to calorie restriction.B. illustrate the probable means by which organisms placed on a calorie-restriction diet compensate for the reduction in available food-based level.C. suggest the mechanism that is responsible for prolonging the life of organism whose calorie intake is significantly reduced.D. give an example that explain why scientists’ thinking about the physiological effects of calorie restriction changed.E. distinguish the different ways that mammalian and non-mammalian metabolisms respond to significant reductions in calorie intakeConsider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.The passage implies which of the following about the explanation mentioned in the highlighted text (This phenomenon… of metabolism)?A. There are empirical findings that conflict with a presumption of the explanation.B. The explanation predicts that the effect of calorie restriction on longevity will be the greatest for the species with the highest rate of metabolism.C. The explanation predicts that the effects of calorie restriction will be uniformly positive.阅读-正文Passage 25Modern feminism has brought the reputation of the English writer Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) to something approaching the luster it deserves. While she enjoyed a certain celebrity among political radicals in the years just after her death, beginning in the nineteenth century her fame as a writer was hidden by disproportionate attention to her unconventional and, at the time, shocking personal life. When, therefore, Virginia Woolf wrote in 1925 of Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Men and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman that they felt like books so true that they seem now to contain nothing new in them, it was more a wishful than an accurate statement of the case. Wollstonecraft’s advances in moral thinking still have the power to shock position-takers of every party. The importance of gender even today is said to cut across other criteria for judging the conduct of men and women in society; Wollstonecraft, by contrast, believed that the sharedmorality of men and women should cut across all specifications of gender.Wollstonecraft considered gender-based morality a relic of a barbarous age: part of that specialization of virtues by which every sexual feeling was expected to express itself as libertinism (in men) or false modesty (in women). In her view, there ought to be one criterion of morals for men and women alike, with both sexes cultivating the same virtues. Wollstonecraft rebelled against the copious sentimental literature of her own time, which she felt patronized women by insisting that it was to their advantage to affect chastity and modesty and that such virtues were their own reward.In The Rights of Men, Wollstonecraft explores this double Bulosan standard from an unexpected angle. It was the first major response to Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), appearing less than a month after the impassioned defense of the deposed French monarchy.A defender of Burke called Wollstonecraft’s book an incoherent mass of treacherous candour, interested generosity, and, if not false, at least unnecessary accusation.But Wollstonecraft nonetheless managed to show how the traditionally feminine virtues of sentimental morality had been transferred by Burke to the aristocracy. Burke’s rhapsody on the queen of France (glittering like the morning star, full of life, and splendor, and joy) was, for Wollstonecraft, an example of the argument that beauty and instinct must often prevail over reason, the argument on which Burke took his stand as a defender of the old order. Like women, Burke thought, and from a similar greatness and delicacy in their nature, the aristocracy were understood at once to require deference and to solicit compassion. To Wollstonecraft, Burke’s argument linked sympathy and power in a dangerous alliance; she insisted that aristocrats do not deserve to be treated in the way that women have traditionally been treated any more than women themselves do.阅读-选项Passage 251.By quoting Burke’s defender in the highlighted phrase, the author of the passage most clearly succeeds inA. providing a context for the political turbulence that unseated the French monarchyB. emphasizing the way in which Wollstonecraft’s philosophy divided men and womenC. explaining why Wollstonecraft’s work has won more acceptance in the twentieth century than in the nineteenthD. illustrating the nature of the appeal of Burkes argumentE. demonstrating the degree of hostility aroused by Wollstonecraft’s work2.The author of the passage quotes Burke’s description of the queen of France most probably in order toA. provide a specific illustration of a position with which Wollstonecraft took issueB. provide a specific example of Burke’s already archaic prose styleC. balance the quotation from Burkes anonymous defenderD. provide evidence of why Burkes position was more widely accepted than Wollstonecraft’sE. provide an example of what Wollstonecraft perceived as Burke’s lack of political astuteness3.The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning Virginia Woolf’s appraisal of A Vindication of the Rights of Men and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman?A. Woolf was defending Wollstonecraft’s theories against attacks by nineteenth—century critics who concentrated only on Wollstonecraft’s notoriety.B. Woolf favored the advances proposed by Wollstonecraft and mistakenly assumed that they had become self-evident in the twentieth century.C. Woolf miscalculated the practical effects that the advances proposed by Wollstonecraft would have on society.D. Woolf decried the loss in the twentieth-century of social progress made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.E. Woolf was reacting against what she considered a lack of originality on Wollstonecraft’s part while calling for more sweeping changes than Wollstonecraft had proposed.4.The author of the passage suggests that modern feminism has treated the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft in which of the following ways?A. Modern feminism has emphasized the progressive aspects of Wollstonecraft’s writings, while separating her work from her personal reputation.。
2019年11月20日GRE填空真题答案及解析
2019年11月20日GRE填空真题答案及解析本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！紧张的考试终于画上了圆满的句号，本次GRE考试大家考得怎么样呢？以下是出国留学网为大家整理的2015年11月20日GRE填空真题答案及解析，供大家参考!预知本次考试真题及答案请点击：2015年11月20日GRE考试真题及答案2015年11月20日GRE填空真题答案及解析出国留学网小编将第一时间更新2015年11月20日GRE填空真题答案及解析!!新GRE填空题型特点解读新GRE考试考查的目的与旧GRE考试的宗旨并没有变，但是新句子填空题与旧GRE句子填空部分相比，新GRE句子填空新增了单空双选、多空多选题型，主要体现特点如下解析：1. 对词汇要求加深由上面的例题结合官方文档可以看出，新GRE填空对词汇的要求进一步加深。
这主要体现在两个方面：首先是词汇考查范围扩大。
由于题型设置的改变，导致考生必须明确选项中所有单词的含义才能有效做题，同时，样题中出现了许多老GRE填空题中从来没有出现的新词。
其次是对词汇的理解要求更为精确。
一些单词有好几重含义，需要考生通过上下文来判断题目中具体是什么含义。
由此可见，尽管新GRE取消了类比反义词，ETS 对词汇的考查并没有放松，而且更加关注单词在实际当中的使用。
因此，词汇还是整个GRE考试的基础。
2. 对阅读理解能力要求加深老GRE句子填空所有题目都只有一句话，而新GRE填空篇幅更为多样，这样填空题考查的能力范围进一步扩大：不仅要考查句子内部各部分之间的逻辑推理能力，还要考查句与句之间的逻辑推理能力。
着重加强了从上下文推断单词含义和正确答案能力的考查，这对考生阅读理解水平提出更高要求。
3. 考试题目偶然性降低，题目难度增大无论是篇章填空的多空题和等价填空都必须把所有选项都选对该题才可以得分，这大大降低了猜对选项的概率，结合前面两点要求，题目难度显著增大。
2019年GRE考试练习试题
2019年GRE考试练习试题The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period ofrecovery from a recession, but the conditions that conspired to cause therecession were also (i)_______. The stock market declined sharply, and rampantbusiness investment slumped. Then an ensuing spate of scandals (ii)__________public trust in the way companies were run. And yet, despite these powerful(iii)________ to growth, the recession proved surprisingly mild.Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A. heartening D. weakened G. counterforcesB. atypical E. illuminated H. stimulantsC. ambiguous F. consolidated I. concomitants大家看到这样的题可能就要晕了，不是说好的填空题考的是单句吗?怎么出现了5行4个句子呢?这就说明三空题是鉴于传统填空(单句话)和阅读(段落)之间的状态。
那么对于这样的题目该如何处理呢?三空题一共9个选项，每个空选对的概率是1/3，所以整道题做对的概率就是1/27。
因为三空题所占比例不高，坊间很多老师就直接建议学生放弃三空题。
那么我们下面就来看看三空题到底是不是真就如此之难以至于要直接放弃。
首先来看选项。
A：鼓舞人心的 B：不寻常的 C：模糊不清的 D：削弱 E：阐明F：加固 G：负面力量，反作用力 H：刺激I：伴随物。
2019年GRE填空练习题1
2019年GRE填空练习题1There are no solitary, free-living creatures; every form of lifeis______other forms.(A) segregated from(B) parallel to(C) dependent on(D) overshadowed by(E) mimicked by翻译：不存有单独的，自由生活的生物;每一种生命形式总是依赖于其他生命形式。
(A)从……中隔离(B)和……并行(C)依赖……(D)被……遮蔽/超过(E)被……模仿As for the alleged value of expert opinion, one need only______ governmentrecords to see______evidence of the failure of such opinions in many fields.(A) inspect … questionable(B) retain … circumstantial(C) distribute … possible(D) consult … strong(E) evaluate … problematic翻译：谈到所谓专家意见的价值时，人们仅仅需要查询政府的档案就能发现这些观点在很多领域失败的强有力的证据。
(A)检查……可疑的(B)保持……依据情况的(C)分布……可能的(D)参考，考虑……有力的(E)评价……有问题的Noting that few employees showed any______ for complying with thecorporation's new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude thatacceptance of the regulations would be----______, at best.(A) aptitude … unavoidable(B) regard … indeterminate(C) respect … negotiable(D) patience … imminent(E) enthusiasm … grudging翻译：注意到几乎没有员工对执行公司新的安全制度表现出一点热情，Peterson不得不得出结论：大家对于这个制度最多仅仅勉强接受(A)天赋，适当……不可避免的(B)关心，尊重……不能决定的(C)尊重……可通过谈判解决的(D)耐心……即将到来的(E)狂热，热情……勉强的，不情愿的Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so______ Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared afternearly two decades in ______ in the Western Hemisphere.(A) terrorized … contention(B) ravaged … secret(C) disabled … quarantine(D) corrupted … quiescence(E) decimated … abeyance翻译：黄热病，这种疾病在1793年导致了4000费城人死亡，同时因为导致了田纳西州的孟斐斯市人口大量死亡而使这个城市失去了它的自治市资格，在消失了20年后在西半球重新出现。
GRE填空题目答案及解析
GRE填空题目答案及解析GRE填空题目答案及解析:外来物种扰乱本地生态10. Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species, nevertheless most introduced species that survived in fact appear to have quite ___ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A. markedB. conspicuousC. minimalD. intriguingE. triflingF. deleterious选 CE翻译：尽管人们能举出很多外来物种扰乱本地生态系统的例子，但实际上，多数被引入并存活下来的物种，似乎对其入侵的生态系统没什么影响。
adduce 引证，举出(某事物)为例以证明myriad 无数的，极大数量的ecosystem 生态系统disruption 扰乱nonindigenous 非本土的，外来的marked 明显的，做记号的，被监视的conspicuous 明显的，惹人注意的intriguing 饶有兴味的(尤指因稀奇)，迷人的trifling 微不足道的，懒散的，轻佻的deleterious 有害的纯单词题，pure，mere 。
GRE填空题目答案及解析:日本美学9. In Japanese aesthetics, especially but not only in Noh, beauty contains the idea of ___ : beauty must have an air of evanescence, the intimation of its own demise.A. transienceB. symmetryC. decayD. simplicityE. balanceF. deterioration选 CF翻译：在日本美学中，特别是能剧但不限于能剧，美包括衰亡的概念：它必须有一种迅速消散的味道，一种对自身终结的暗示。
(完整版)2019年GRE考试填空练习试题及答案解析20
2019年GRE考试填空练习试题及答案解析2058、 Once a duckling has identified a parent, the instinctive bond becomes a powerful _________ for additional learning since, by _________ the parent, the duckling can acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.(A) impulse...surpassing(B) referent...recognizing(C) force...acknowledging(D) inspiration...emulating(E) channel...mimicking分析：空格 1 填入一个名词，表示"本能的纽带(instinctive bound)"和"进一步学习(additional learning)"之间的关系;空格 2 填入一个现在分词，表示小鸭子对它们的"父母(parent)"做的动作，by 表示手段，所以空格 2 应该和目的以及结果一致，所以空格 2 要表现"能够获得更多不是靠遗传获得的信息(can acquirefurther information that is not genetically transmitted)"。
A 推动""超越;B 所指事物""认出，辨认;C 力量""承认;D 启发，灵感""通过模仿竞争;E 渠道""模仿。
E 选项为准确答案。
翻译：一旦小鸭子确认了其父母，本能的纽带就成为进一步学习的强有力的渠道，因为通过模仿父母，小鸭子能获得更多的不是由遗传得到的信息。
2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案
2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案1. The feminist poet's extremely explicit and witty diatribes against social convention were so thoroughly___ other writers that her idiosyncratic brand of rebellion eventually became the convention of her time.A.inimical toB.alien toC. emulated byD.resented byE.misunderstood by2. Although sermons retained their___ in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually___that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.A.stature....occupyingB.role....preemptingC.preeminence ....losingD.superiority ....attainingE.marginality....ceding3. The same environmental process that long ago caused the original degradation of forest ecosystem are actingas___its rehabilitation; scientists therefore intend to try to ____these processes in order to prevent future damage to the ecosystemA. signals of ....eliminateB. irritantsto....exacerbate C. precursors to ....slowD.barriers to ...counterE. obstacles to....facilitate4. The studies executive lamented the fact that experts who had tried to_____the reasons why movies succeed or fail commercially had encountered great difficulty in producingmathematical models that could accurately predict the future of unreleased movies.A.downplayB.falsifyC.delineateD.circumventE.promote参考答案：1. 词汇难点：diatribe 谴责，抨击。
2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案
2019年GRE考试词汇填空练习试题及答案1. The feminist poet's extremely explicit and witty diatribes against social convention were so thoroughly___ other writers that her idiosyncratic brand of rebellion eventually became the convention of her time.A.inimical toB.alien toC. emulated byD.resented byE.misunderstood by2. Although sermons retained their___ in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually___that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.A.stature....occupyingB.role....preemptingC.preeminence ....losingD.superiority ....attainingE.marginality....ceding3. The same environmental process that long ago caused the original degradation of forest ecosystem are actingas___its rehabilitation; scientists therefore intend to try to ____these processes in order to prevent future damage to the ecosystemA. signals of ....eliminateB. irritantsto....exacerbate C. precursors to ....slowD.barriers to ...counterE. obstacles to....facilitate4. The studies executive lamented the fact that experts who had tried to_____the reasons why movies succeed or fail commercially had encountered great difficulty in producingmathematical models that could accurately predict the future of unreleased movies.A.downplayB.falsifyC.delineateD.circumventE.promote参考答案：1. 词汇难点：diatribe 谴责，抨击。
2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题(考生回忆版)
2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题（考生回忆版）数学部分数学 1k是正整数，问k平方-k的余数和1比较大小关系数学 2有一个委员会，6个professor3个manager4个coordinator，要求组成一个5人的小组。
要求profeesor中的Dr.W和 manager中的Ms.M都要在有多少种办法数学 3P和N都是质数，P-N=4，P除以N小于2大于2/3，问p的值是多少数学 42≤r＜s≤6，r和s都是整数，问(r+s)/rs的最大值是多少数学 5小区每天送104份报纸，其中要3份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸的家庭数量的2倍，要2份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸家庭数量的3倍，问要2份报纸的家庭数量是多少数学 6F club有20000人，M club 30000人，加一起的membership是45000，问从F club里选一个人，他同时有M club membership的概率是多少数学72的32次方除以3的余数是多少数学8一共80名学生，physical club 60 人，chemistry club 50 人，biography 35人，每个学生至少参加一个俱乐部，没有学生三个都参加，以下哪个可能是既参加biography 又参加chemistry的学生数目？A. 0B. 5C. 10D. 15E. 20F. 25G. 30H. 35数学9一个三位数，每个数位上可以选择的有12345，不能重复，问这个三位数有多少种可能性数学10玩游戏，可以拿2point或4point，小明的average是3.8，问拿2分的次数的9倍，和拿4分的次数的大小关系数学114个不同的玩具分给3个不同的小孩，每个小孩都至少有一个礼物，每个玩具也必须分给小孩，求一共有多少种不同的分法数学12每层N本书，一共S层，然后把最上面一层的数平均分配到其他层，问分完之后每层有多少本书填空部分【所有题目均出自于真经填空机经1250题】填空100-1The professor’s tendency to commandeer faculty meetings to promote her personal agenda quickly inspired resentment among other faculty, who objected to such _____.A. appropriationB. obfuscationC. cavilingD. vacillationE. cronyism填空65-6Industry-sponsored scientific research on chemical safety often (i)_____. Media reports regularly imply that industry support of scientific work is alone sufficient to (ii)_____ that research. Even though the source of funding has been determined to be a less significant cause of bias than other factors, industry support suffices, in the minds of many people, to (iii)_____ the credibility of scientific work.填空5-9Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenousspecies, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A. minimalB. triflingC. markedD. conspicuousE. intriguingF. deleterious填空20-3Historian Barbara Alpern Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a (i)_____ one, because the (ii)_____ the Russian empire’s peoplesmeant that Russian women could never be treated as a homogeneous group.填空81-6Filler claims that after the social welfare programs of the 1960s, belief that the government has an obligation to provide decent housing for citizens who cannot afford it was (i)_____ in the United States by the notion that providing suitable shelter for everyone should be (ii)_____. Thus today in the (iii)_____ oftaxpayer-sponsored initiatives we have volunteer home-construction programs, honorable in intent but pitifully limited in scope.填空11-7Changes made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A. predictB. delayC. foretellD. obscureE. yieldF. engender填空38-3Convinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____.填空48-3The description of humans as having an internal clock is not a (i)_____. Or rather, it is—you do not have a tiny watch in your cerebellum—but it also refers to (ii)_____, a specialized bundle of cells that regulates cyclical processes.填空38-4The author’s best-selling book on Virginia Woolf is not (i)_____ treatment of her subject; on the contrary, it presents (ii)_____ portrait of the novelist, faults and all.填空 88-9The life of a secret agent is dangerous enough, but the life of a double agent is infinitely more ______: a single slip can send an agent crashing to destruction.A. arduousB. precariousC. clandestineD. perilousE. covertF. exhilarating填空3-4Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county’s solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily (i)_____ incinerators, but because they are(ii)_____ to narrow their waste-disposal options.阅读部分【所有题目均出自于真经阅读机经260篇】阅读-正文Passage 147Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances. There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance. One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used. The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning. Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low. As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically. The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases. For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch. However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters. For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, evenif the nest may have already been preyed upon.阅读-选项passage 1471.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinksB. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinksC. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinksD. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success inlong-tailed skinksE. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks2.The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the otherlong-tailed skinks studied.B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studiedC. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.3.The "second possibility" implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over50 meters ?A. They had relatively small clutches.B. They were unable to find their way home.C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully.D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches.E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.阅读-正文Passage 135The revival of mural painting that has occurred in San Francisco since the 1970s, especially among the Chicano population of the city’s Mission District, has marked differences from its social realist forerunner in Mexico and the United States some 40 years earlier. Rather than being government sponsored and limited to murals on government buildings, the contemporary mural movement sprang from the people themselves, with murals appearing on community buildings and throughout college campuses. Perhaps the biggest difference, however, is the process. In earlier twentieth-century Mexico, murals resulted from the vision of individual artists. But today’s murals are characteristically the product s of artists working with local residents on design and creation.Such community engagement is characteristic of the Chicano art movement as a whole, which evolved from the same foundations as the Chicano civil rights movement of the mid-1960s. Both were a direct response to the needs of Chicanos in the United States, who were fighting for the right to adequate education, political empowerment, and decent working conditions. Artists joined other cultural workers in making political statements and played a key role in taking these statements to the public. They developed collectives and established cultural centers that functioned as the public-relations arm of the Chicano sociopolitical movement.阅读-选项passage 1351.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. argue for the superiority of a style of artB. consider the impact of an art movementC. describe the political content of a certain works of artD. detail the characteristic style of an art movementE. place an art movement in its historical context2.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the “cultural centers” is true?A. They were the venue where many later leaders of the Chicano civil rights movement first became politically active.B. Though later widespread, they originated in San Francisco area.C. Springing up in a number of communities, they initially had largely apolitical goals centered on art instruction.D. They constituted the nucleus from which the Chicano civil rights movement originated.E. Founded by artists, they provided support for the Chicano civil rights movement.3.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the passage?A. The first focuses on the mural artists as individuals; the second, on their actions as a group.B. The first compares the mural revival with an earlier artistic movement; the second describes the context contemporary to the revivalC. The first defines the revival by distinguishing it from an earlier artistic movement; the second addresses the political goals of both the revival and its forerunnerD. The first presents an apparently plausible account of the relationship between the revival and is forerunner, the second calls that account into questionE. The first is concerned with the artistic aims and ambitions behind the San Francisco murals; the second considers their political significance阅读-正文Passage 26Cuts that need to be held closed in order to heal properly have generally been held closed with stitches. However, pressure to reduce medical costs is mounting. Consequently, it is likely that a newly developed adhesive will become the routine method of holding most types of cuts closed. The new adhesive holds most types of cuts closed as well as stitches do, and the cost of applying it is comparable to that of closing cuts with stitches. But whereas stitches must generally be removed by medical personnel after the cut has healed, the adhesive simply wears off. Thus, for any cut that the adhesive can hold closed as well as stitches can, it is more economical to use the adhesive.阅读-选项passage 261.In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second provides evidence against that disputed claim.B. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.C. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a conclusion that is drawn in order to support that main conclusion.D. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction, the second is a conclusion based on that prediction.E. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction; the second is an assessment that is used to support that prediction.阅读-正文Passage 142Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth’s core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earth’s surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth’s surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw’s revolutionary “op en-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed duringthe nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earth’s geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newton—the independence of Earth’s processes from any astronomical context.阅读-选项passage 1421.The author’s primary purpose is toA. identify the influences informing a particular geological theory about the processes that have shaped Earth’s surfaceB. identify differences between two views of the extraterrestrial impactors and argue that the phenomenon has influenced the development of plate tectonic theoryC. argue that an explanation is based on a dubious evidence and propose an alternative explanationD. discuss an explanation and place that explanation under theoretical contextE. suggest that apparent discrepancy poses a serious problem for a particular theory that many have believed2.The author of the passage mentions the “continuum” in order toA. point out a relationship between plate tectonics and the nineteenth-century geologyB. explain how a theory of Newton’s could influence geology and plate tectonic theory.C. distinguish between two sources of energy that contributed to the development of Earth’s surface.D. point out a similarity between the surface of impactors and the surface of Earth.E. identify a feature of Shaw’s view that deviates from current scientific theories.3.The passage suggests which of the following about tectonic theory?A. It has led scientists to overlook an important contribution to classical geologists from Newton.B. It has been more successful than was classical geology in accounting for heat loss from Earth’s core.C. It is based on premise about Earth’s processes discerned in Newton’s thought.D. It has correctly explained the effects of ex traterrestrial impactors on Earth’s surface.E. It corrects a fundamental flaw in classical geology.阅读-正文Passage 195Wild Diana monkeys are preyed upon by leopards and chimpanzees. These two predators differ in their hunting tactics and Diana monkeys use two distinct antipredator strategies to defend themselves. After detecting a leopard, Diana monkeys respond by giving loud, conspicuous alarm calls that function both to warn others and to signal to the predator that it has been detected. Leopards tend to leave the area once they have been discovered. In contrast, upon detecting a chimpanzee, male Diana monkeys do not vocalize at all, while females give only a few quiet alarm calls and flee quickly to hide in the forest canopy, chimpanzees have sophisticated climbing skills that would allow them to pursue monkeys, even in the high strata of the forest canopy.Choosing an antipredator strategy appropriate to chimpanzees is complicated for Diana monkeys by the fact that chimpanzees themselves also fall prey to leopards. When encountering a leopard, chimpanzees give loud, conspicuous alarm calls. To escape successfully from leopards and chimpanzees, therefore, Diana monkeys must distinguish between, and respond differently to, chimpanzees alarm calls and chimpanzee vocalizations simply signal the presence of a leopard and should elicit the monkeys’ loud, conspicuous alarm calls.To investigate Diana monkeys’ understanding of such cause-effect relationships involving predators, Zuberbuhler examined the monkeys’ r esponses to chimpanzee vocalizations in two different types of experiments. In the first, he played tape recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations and noted the monkeys’ responses. Diana monkeys differed in their response to chimpanzees’ alarm calls. In some groups, monkeys behaved as if they recognized that these alarm calls signaled the potential presence of a leopard: they responded to chimpanzees’ leopard alarm calls by giving leopard alarm calls themselves, in contrast to their normal response to the presence of chimpanzees. Groups of monkeys living in the core area of the resident chimpanzee community were more likely to behave in this way than were peripheral groups.In the second set of experiments, Zuberbuhler played leopard growls to Diana monkeys shortly after exposing them to recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations. After first hearing chimpanzees’ alarm calls, some monkeys failed to respond to the subsequent recording of leopard growls, even though this stimulus normally elicited a strong vocal response. These monkeysbehaved exactly like the Diana monkeys in a comparison group, who also gave many leopard alarm calls to an initial recording of leopard growls but no longer called to the second recording of leopard growls five minutes later. This similarity in behavior suggests that these monkeys had some knowledge of the causal factors underlying the production of chimpanzees’ alarm calls.阅读-选项passage 1951.According to the passage, the behavior of male and female Diana monkeys differs in that female Diana monkeysA. give alarm calls upon detecting a chimpanzeeB. hide in the forest canopy upon detecting a leopardC. give loud alarm calls in response to chimpanzees’ alarm callsD. give loud, conspicuous alarm calls upon detecting a leopardE. respond differently to the presence of leopards than they do to the presence of chimpanzees2.It can be inferred that the purpose of the highlighted “loud, conspicuous alarm calls” is in part toA. cause the chimpanzees to leave the areasB. warn other monkeys of the presence of the chimpanzeesC. enable chimpanzees to flee quietly from the leopardD. signal to the chimpanzees that they have been detectedE. signal to the leopard that it has been detected by the monkeys3.The author mentions the “sophisticated climbing skills” of chimpanzees most likely in order to present information that helps toA. explain why chimpanzees are less vulnerable to predation by leopards than are Diana monkeysB. question the hypothesis that Diana monkeys hide in the forest canopy to defend themselves from chimpanzeesC. argue that the antipredator strategies Diana monkeys use to defend themselves against chimpanzeesD. suggest a possible reason for chimpanzees’ and Diana monkeys’ use of similar antipredator strategies to defend themselves against leopards阅读-正文Passage 59Recent studies of ancient Maya water management have found that the urban architecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservoirs. In the central and southern May Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall. Some scholars argue that the concentration of water within the urban core of these sites provided a centralized source of political authority for Maya elites based largely on controlled water access. Such an argument is plausible, however, it is less useful for understanding the sociopolitical implications of water use and control in other, water-rich parts of the Maya region.阅读-选项passage 591.The author of the passage implies which of the following about the political importance of the type of urban water management system described in the passage?A. Because the system was centralized, it allowed political control over a widely scattered population.B. The knowledge required to design and maintain the system became the pretext for Maya elites’ political authority.C. By selectively limiting access to water, Maya elites used the system to curb challenges to their authorityD. The system is not sufficient to explain the sources of centralized political power in all parts of the Maya regionE. The system’s continued maintenance required political authorities to exert control over an increasing proportion of economic resources.Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.B. They were an integral part of lowland cities’ architecture.C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes in the lowlands.阅读-正文Passage 48When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters. So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or amongvent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.阅读-选项Passage 481.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.Passage 17Early naturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America: dam beavers and bank beavers. The bank species was thought to resemble the muskrat in behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In fact, dams are primarily a strategy for dealing with annual variations in water levels. If water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America, then beavers lodge entrances may be exposed. With stabilized water levels, their homes are much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, this problem seldom arises. But these beavers do know how to build dams, and do so if the need arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after felling and consuming all nearby trees.阅读-选项Passage 171.The passage provides support for which of the following statements about beaver dams?A. One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.B. Most are built prior to burrow construction.C. They are found mostly along deep rivers.D. They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.E. They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.2.The passage implies which of the following about beavers?A. Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when resources become scarce.B. Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily imply multiple beaver species.C. Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.D. When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than burrows or lodges.E. In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.Passage 161Although initially symptomless, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness when not properly treated. Tests under laboratory conditions of the traditional treatment, daily administration of eyedrops, show it to be as effective in relieving the internal ocular pressure that causes glaucoma as is a new laser-surgical procedure. Yet glaucoma-related blindness occurs in a significantly smaller percentage of patients who have had the surgery than of patients for whom only the eyedrop treatment was prescribed.阅读-选项Passage 1611.Which of following, if true, most helps to explain the low rateglaucoma-related blindness among patients who had the surgery?A. Glaucoma-related blindness is no more common among patients who have had only the surgery than it is among patients who had the surgery after using the eyedropsB. Doctors rarely recommend the surgery for glaucoma patients who have already started the traditional course of treatmentC. There is no known physiological cause of glaucoma other than increase in pressure inside the eyeD. A significant percentage of the people for whom the eyedrop treatment has been prescribed fail to follow the prescribed daily regimen, because the eyedrops have unpleasant side effects.E. The eyedrops traditionally prescribed to treat glaucoma are normally prescribed to treat other disease of the eye.阅读-正文Passage 139Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makersto the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed tonon-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.阅读-选项Passage 1391.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. summarize a demographic trend over timeB. present findings on a demographic groupC. analyze the demographic composition of a type of jobD. explain the need for particular social researchE. argue for the implementation of a social policy2.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole?A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence.B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence.C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage.D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage.E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence.。
2019年11月27日GRE填空真题及答案解析回忆
2019年11月27日GRE填空真题及答案解析回忆三空题1.For many years, Americans have had a love affair with ferryboats. Feries are said to relieve our frayed nervesafter we’ve stewed in bumper-to-bumper traffic, and conventional wisdom also says ferries (i)_____ congestion and air pollution by getting us out of cars. Unfortunately, this (ii)_____ notion recently has (iii)______ several West Coast mayors, who have in consequence eagerly pursued the implementation of ferry service in their cities.A. contribute toD. provocativeG. captivatedB. reduceE. misguidedH. confusedC. cover upF. cynicalI. outraged答案：BEG2.Given children’s active fantasy lives, one mightthink of truthfulness as (i)_____ virtue in young children, but it turns out that lying is the more(ii)_____ skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth,intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying(iii)_____ cognitive development and social skills in a way that honesty simply does not..A. an instinctiveD. advancedG. underminesB. an acquiredE. practicalH. forgoesC. a consciousF. mundaneI. demands答案：BDI单空题1. that Seiberg and Witten lack celebrity can be explained by the _____nature of their pursuit： the mathematical exploration of four-dimensional space.A. pedestrianB. esotericC. compellingD. globalE. unequivocal答案：B2. Politicians who invoke the founders of the United States in support of their views seem to imply that the founders consistently concurred in their own views when in reality they were a highly _____ group of thinkers.A. eruditeB. innovativeC. predictableD. contentiousE. methodical答案：D3. Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been _____.A. diffidentB. meticulousC. straightforwardD. implacableE. tenacious答案： A六选二1. Coagulation factors are useful proteins whose simple names---many are known only by Roman numerals--_____ their importance and the specificity of their roles in the thinning and clotting of bloodA. nullifyB. obviateC. mitigateD. belieE. maskF. accentuate答案： DE2. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily_____： each may, and usually does, possess the features of the other.A. dichotomousB. untenableC. unsustainableD. contradictoryE. subversiveF. efficacious答案： AD3. Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to _____ sum of minutes in a person’s life, so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.A. justifyB. quantifyC. augmentD. enrichE. measureF. extend答案：CF1. Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 inquiries into the misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀猀officially charged with policing the industry have been______.A. tenaciousB. diffidentC. meticulousD. implacableE. straightforward2. Despite the abundance and importance of maize, its biological origin has been a long-running mystery. The bright yellow, mouth-watering treat does not grow in the wild anywhere on the planet,so its (i)______ is not at all (ii)______.Blank (i) Blank (ii)A. utility D. helpfulB. popularity E. importantC. ancestry F. obvious3.Biologists have little (i)______ drawing the link between the success of humanity and human(ii)______. Indeed, many biologists claim that this attribute, the ability to(iii)_____, or, to put it more sharply, to make individuals subordinate their self-interest to the needs of the group,lies at the root of human achievement.Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A. consensus regarding D. resilience G. reflectB. compunction about E. sociability H. communicateC. justification for F. uniqueness I. cooperate4. Aerial viewings of the gigantic stone horseattributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to_____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece：the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A. revealB. justifyC. manifestD. mitigateE. diminishF. undercut5. Even though the original settlement may not hold up, it at least proves that the deadlock can be broken and that a hitherto _____ party is ready to bargain.A. implacableB. unyieldingC. impeccableD. flawlessE. unqualifiedF. capricious6. His premiership, seemingly cast-iron a year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of ______ from rebels within his own party.A. controversyB. reproachC. respiteD. reliefE. blameF. deference7. The laboratory maze has ever grown ever less ______ since it was invented; instead of hoping to lose a rodent ina labyrinth,today’s scientists design mazes to elicit a few simple, easily measurable behaviors.A. intricateB. convolutedC. extensiveD. prevalentE. effectiveF. useful答案以及简析1. B投资者非常感激律师介入调查金融市场中的不法行为，考虑到本应该负责实行监管调控的监管者没有起到作用。
2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题(考生回忆版)
2019年12月20日大陆地区GRE考试真题（考生回忆版）数学部分数学 1k是正整数，问k平方-k的余数和1比较大小关系数学 2有一个委员会，6个professor3个manager4个coordinator，要求组成一个5人的小组。
要求profeesor中的Dr.W和 manager中的Ms.M都要在有多少种办法数学 3P和N都是质数，P-N=4，P除以N小于2大于2/3，问p的值是多少数学 42≤r＜s≤6，r和s都是整数，问(r+s)/rs的最大值是多少数学 5小区每天送104份报纸，其中要3份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸的家庭数量的2倍，要2份报纸的家庭数量是要1份报纸家庭数量的3倍，问要2份报纸的家庭数量是多少数学 6F club有20000人，M club 30000人，加一起的membership是45000，问从F club里选一个人，他同时有M club membership的概率是多少数学72的32次方除以3的余数是多少数学8一共80名学生，physical club 60 人，chemistry club 50 人，biography 35人，每个学生至少参加一个俱乐部，没有学生三个都参加，以下哪个可能是既参加biography 又参加chemistry的学生数目？A. 0B. 5C. 10D. 15E. 20F. 25G. 30H. 35数学9一个三位数，每个数位上可以选择的有12345，不能重复，问这个三位数有多少种可能性数学10玩游戏，可以拿2point或4point，小明的average是3.8，问拿2分的次数的9倍，和拿4分的次数的大小关系数学114个不同的玩具分给3个不同的小孩，每个小孩都至少有一个礼物，每个玩具也必须分给小孩，求一共有多少种不同的分法数学12每层N本书，一共S层，然后把最上面一层的数平均分配到其他层，问分完之后每层有多少本书填空部分【所有题目均出自于真经填空机经1250题】填空100-1The professor’s tendency to commandeer faculty meetings to promote her personal agenda quickly inspired resentment among other faculty, who objected to such _____.A. appropriationB. obfuscationC. cavilingD. vacillationE. cronyism填空65-6Industry-sponsored scientific research on chemical safety often (i)_____. Media reports regularly imply that industry support of scientific work is alone sufficient to (ii)_____ that research. Even though the source of funding has been determined to be a less significant cause of bias than other factors, industry support suffices, in the minds of many people, to (iii)_____ the credibility of scientific work.填空5-9Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenousspecies, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A. minimalB. triflingC. markedD. conspicuousE. intriguingF. deleterious填空20-3Historian Barbara Alpern Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a (i)_____ one, because the (ii)_____ the Russian empire’s peoplesmeant that Russian women could never be treated as a homogeneous group.填空81-6Filler claims that after the social welfare programs of the 1960s, belief that the government has an obligation to provide decent housing for citizens who cannot afford it was (i)_____ in the United States by the notion that providing suitable shelter for everyone should be (ii)_____. Thus today in the (iii)_____ oftaxpayer-sponsored initiatives we have volunteer home-construction programs, honorable in intent but pitifully limited in scope.填空11-7Changes made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A. predictB. delayC. foretellD. obscureE. yieldF. engender填空38-3Convinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____.填空48-3The description of humans as having an internal clock is not a (i)_____. Or rather, it is—you do not have a tiny watch in your cerebellum—but it also refers to (ii)_____, a specialized bundle of cells that regulates cyclical processes.填空38-4The author’s best-selling book on Virginia Woolf is not (i)_____ treatment of her subject; on the contrary, it presents (ii)_____ portrait of the novelist, faults and all.填空 88-9The life of a secret agent is dangerous enough, but the life of a double agent is infinitely more ______: a single slip can send an agent crashing to destruction.A. arduousB. precariousC. clandestineD. perilousE. covertF. exhilarating填空3-4Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the county’s solid waste plan have done so not because they necessarily (i)_____ incinerators, but because they are(ii)_____ to narrow their waste-disposal options.阅读部分【所有题目均出自于真经阅读机经260篇】阅读-正文Passage 147Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances. There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance. One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used. The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning. Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low. As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically. The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases. For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch. However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters. For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, evenif the nest may have already been preyed upon.阅读-选项passage 1471.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinksB. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinksC. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinksD. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success inlong-tailed skinksE. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks2.The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the otherlong-tailed skinks studied.B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studiedC. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.3.The "second possibility" implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over50 meters ?A. They had relatively small clutches.B. They were unable to find their way home.C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully.D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches.E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.阅读-正文Passage 135The revival of mural painting that has occurred in San Francisco since the 1970s, especially among the Chicano population of the city’s Mission District, has marked differences from its social realist forerunner in Mexico and the United States some 40 years earlier. Rather than being government sponsored and limited to murals on government buildings, the contemporary mural movement sprang from the people themselves, with murals appearing on community buildings and throughout college campuses. Perhaps the biggest difference, however, is the process. In earlier twentieth-century Mexico, murals resulted from the vision of individual artists. But today’s murals are characteristically the product s of artists working with local residents on design and creation.Such community engagement is characteristic of the Chicano art movement as a whole, which evolved from the same foundations as the Chicano civil rights movement of the mid-1960s. Both were a direct response to the needs of Chicanos in the United States, who were fighting for the right to adequate education, political empowerment, and decent working conditions. Artists joined other cultural workers in making political statements and played a key role in taking these statements to the public. They developed collectives and established cultural centers that functioned as the public-relations arm of the Chicano sociopolitical movement.阅读-选项passage 1351.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. argue for the superiority of a style of artB. consider the impact of an art movementC. describe the political content of a certain works of artD. detail the characteristic style of an art movementE. place an art movement in its historical context2.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the “cultural centers” is true?A. They were the venue where many later leaders of the Chicano civil rights movement first became politically active.B. Though later widespread, they originated in San Francisco area.C. Springing up in a number of communities, they initially had largely apolitical goals centered on art instruction.D. They constituted the nucleus from which the Chicano civil rights movement originated.E. Founded by artists, they provided support for the Chicano civil rights movement.3.Which of the following best describes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the passage?A. The first focuses on the mural artists as individuals; the second, on their actions as a group.B. The first compares the mural revival with an earlier artistic movement; the second describes the context contemporary to the revivalC. The first defines the revival by distinguishing it from an earlier artistic movement; the second addresses the political goals of both the revival and its forerunnerD. The first presents an apparently plausible account of the relationship between the revival and is forerunner, the second calls that account into questionE. The first is concerned with the artistic aims and ambitions behind the San Francisco murals; the second considers their political significance阅读-正文Passage 26Cuts that need to be held closed in order to heal properly have generally been held closed with stitches. However, pressure to reduce medical costs is mounting. Consequently, it is likely that a newly developed adhesive will become the routine method of holding most types of cuts closed. The new adhesive holds most types of cuts closed as well as stitches do, and the cost of applying it is comparable to that of closing cuts with stitches. But whereas stitches must generally be removed by medical personnel after the cut has healed, the adhesive simply wears off. Thus, for any cut that the adhesive can hold closed as well as stitches can, it is more economical to use the adhesive.阅读-选项passage 261.In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second provides evidence against that disputed claim.B. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.C. The first is a claim that is used as supporting evidence for the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a conclusion that is drawn in order to support that main conclusion.D. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction, the second is a conclusion based on that prediction.E. The first introduces a practice about which the argument makes a prediction; the second is an assessment that is used to support that prediction.阅读-正文Passage 142Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth’s core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shaped Earth’s surface. This leaves a loose end in current geological theory. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth’s surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw’s revolutionary “op en-system” view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics, whereas modern plate tectonic theory, like the classical geology developed duringthe nineteenth century, is founded on the view that Earth’s geological features have changed through gradual, regular processes intrinsic to Earth, without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive, if unspoken, premise from Newton—the independence of Earth’s processes from any astronomical context.阅读-选项passage 1421.The author’s primary purpose is toA. identify the influences informing a particular geological theory about the processes that have shaped Earth’s surfaceB. identify differences between two views of the extraterrestrial impactors and argue that the phenomenon has influenced the development of plate tectonic theoryC. argue that an explanation is based on a dubious evidence and propose an alternative explanationD. discuss an explanation and place that explanation under theoretical contextE. suggest that apparent discrepancy poses a serious problem for a particular theory that many have believed2.The author of the passage mentions the “continuum” in order toA. point out a relationship between plate tectonics and the nineteenth-century geologyB. explain how a theory of Newton’s could influence geology and plate tectonic theory.C. distinguish between two sources of energy that contributed to the development of Earth’s surface.D. point out a similarity between the surface of impactors and the surface of Earth.E. identify a feature of Shaw’s view that deviates from current scientific theories.3.The passage suggests which of the following about tectonic theory?A. It has led scientists to overlook an important contribution to classical geologists from Newton.B. It has been more successful than was classical geology in accounting for heat loss from Earth’s core.C. It is based on premise about Earth’s processes discerned in Newton’s thought.D. It has correctly explained the effects of ex traterrestrial impactors on Earth’s surface.E. It corrects a fundamental flaw in classical geology.阅读-正文Passage 195Wild Diana monkeys are preyed upon by leopards and chimpanzees. These two predators differ in their hunting tactics and Diana monkeys use two distinct antipredator strategies to defend themselves. After detecting a leopard, Diana monkeys respond by giving loud, conspicuous alarm calls that function both to warn others and to signal to the predator that it has been detected. Leopards tend to leave the area once they have been discovered. In contrast, upon detecting a chimpanzee, male Diana monkeys do not vocalize at all, while females give only a few quiet alarm calls and flee quickly to hide in the forest canopy, chimpanzees have sophisticated climbing skills that would allow them to pursue monkeys, even in the high strata of the forest canopy.Choosing an antipredator strategy appropriate to chimpanzees is complicated for Diana monkeys by the fact that chimpanzees themselves also fall prey to leopards. When encountering a leopard, chimpanzees give loud, conspicuous alarm calls. To escape successfully from leopards and chimpanzees, therefore, Diana monkeys must distinguish between, and respond differently to, chimpanzees alarm calls and chimpanzee vocalizations simply signal the presence of a leopard and should elicit the monkeys’ loud, conspicuous alarm calls.To investigate Diana monkeys’ understanding of such cause-effect relationships involving predators, Zuberbuhler examined the monkeys’ r esponses to chimpanzee vocalizations in two different types of experiments. In the first, he played tape recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations and noted the monkeys’ responses. Diana monkeys differed in their response to chimpanzees’ alarm calls. In some groups, monkeys behaved as if they recognized that these alarm calls signaled the potential presence of a leopard: they responded to chimpanzees’ leopard alarm calls by giving leopard alarm calls themselves, in contrast to their normal response to the presence of chimpanzees. Groups of monkeys living in the core area of the resident chimpanzee community were more likely to behave in this way than were peripheral groups.In the second set of experiments, Zuberbuhler played leopard growls to Diana monkeys shortly after exposing them to recording of either chimpanzees’ alarm calls or their social vocalizations. After first hearing chimpanzees’ alarm calls, some monkeys failed to respond to the subsequent recording of leopard growls, even though this stimulus normally elicited a strong vocal response. These monkeysbehaved exactly like the Diana monkeys in a comparison group, who also gave many leopard alarm calls to an initial recording of leopard growls but no longer called to the second recording of leopard growls five minutes later. This similarity in behavior suggests that these monkeys had some knowledge of the causal factors underlying the production of chimpanzees’ alarm calls.阅读-选项passage 1951.According to the passage, the behavior of male and female Diana monkeys differs in that female Diana monkeysA. give alarm calls upon detecting a chimpanzeeB. hide in the forest canopy upon detecting a leopardC. give loud alarm calls in response to chimpanzees’ alarm callsD. give loud, conspicuous alarm calls upon detecting a leopardE. respond differently to the presence of leopards than they do to the presence of chimpanzees2.It can be inferred that the purpose of the highlighted “loud, conspicuous alarm calls” is in part toA. cause the chimpanzees to leave the areasB. warn other monkeys of the presence of the chimpanzeesC. enable chimpanzees to flee quietly from the leopardD. signal to the chimpanzees that they have been detectedE. signal to the leopard that it has been detected by the monkeys3.The author mentions the “sophisticated climbing skills” of chimpanzees most likely in order to present information that helps toA. explain why chimpanzees are less vulnerable to predation by leopards than are Diana monkeysB. question the hypothesis that Diana monkeys hide in the forest canopy to defend themselves from chimpanzeesC. argue that the antipredator strategies Diana monkeys use to defend themselves against chimpanzeesD. suggest a possible reason for chimpanzees’ and Diana monkeys’ use of similar antipredator strategies to defend themselves against leopards阅读-正文Passage 59Recent studies of ancient Maya water management have found that the urban architecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservoirs. In the central and southern May Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall. Some scholars argue that the concentration of water within the urban core of these sites provided a centralized source of political authority for Maya elites based largely on controlled water access. Such an argument is plausible, however, it is less useful for understanding the sociopolitical implications of water use and control in other, water-rich parts of the Maya region.阅读-选项passage 591.The author of the passage implies which of the following about the political importance of the type of urban water management system described in the passage?A. Because the system was centralized, it allowed political control over a widely scattered population.B. The knowledge required to design and maintain the system became the pretext for Maya elites’ political authority.C. By selectively limiting access to water, Maya elites used the system to curb challenges to their authorityD. The system is not sufficient to explain the sources of centralized political power in all parts of the Maya regionE. The system’s continued maintenance required political authorities to exert control over an increasing proportion of economic resources.Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.B. They were an integral part of lowland cities’ architecture.C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes in the lowlands.阅读-正文Passage 48When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters. So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or amongvent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.阅读-选项Passage 481.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.Passage 17Early naturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America: dam beavers and bank beavers. The bank species was thought to resemble the muskrat in behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In fact, dams are primarily a strategy for dealing with annual variations in water levels. If water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America, then beavers lodge entrances may be exposed. With stabilized water levels, their homes are much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, this problem seldom arises. But these beavers do know how to build dams, and do so if the need arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after felling and consuming all nearby trees.阅读-选项Passage 171.The passage provides support for which of the following statements about beaver dams?A. One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.B. Most are built prior to burrow construction.C. They are found mostly along deep rivers.D. They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.E. They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.2.The passage implies which of the following about beavers?A. Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when resources become scarce.B. Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily imply multiple beaver species.C. Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.D. When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than burrows or lodges.E. In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.Passage 161Although initially symptomless, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness when not properly treated. Tests under laboratory conditions of the traditional treatment, daily administration of eyedrops, show it to be as effective in relieving the internal ocular pressure that causes glaucoma as is a new laser-surgical procedure. Yet glaucoma-related blindness occurs in a significantly smaller percentage of patients who have had the surgery than of patients for whom only the eyedrop treatment was prescribed.阅读-选项Passage 1611.Which of following, if true, most helps to explain the low rateglaucoma-related blindness among patients who had the surgery?A. Glaucoma-related blindness is no more common among patients who have had only the surgery than it is among patients who had the surgery after using the eyedropsB. Doctors rarely recommend the surgery for glaucoma patients who have already started the traditional course of treatmentC. There is no known physiological cause of glaucoma other than increase in pressure inside the eyeD. A significant percentage of the people for whom the eyedrop treatment has been prescribed fail to follow the prescribed daily regimen, because the eyedrops have unpleasant side effects.E. The eyedrops traditionally prescribed to treat glaucoma are normally prescribed to treat other disease of the eye.阅读-正文Passage 139Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makersto the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed tonon-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.阅读-选项Passage 1391.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. summarize a demographic trend over timeB. present findings on a demographic groupC. analyze the demographic composition of a type of jobD. explain the need for particular social researchE. argue for the implementation of a social policy2.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole?A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence.B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence.C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage.D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage.E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence.。
2019年新GRE填空练习题详解(1)
2019年新GRE填空练习题详解(1)Human senses are designed to --------- specific stimuli, and after a focus is achieved, other sensory data is ---------.(A) look for ... heightened(B) respond to ... insulated(C) concentrate on ... discounted(D) favor ... added up(E) create ... born〖解答〗先处理空格Ⅰ。
第一句与第二句之间以and连接，第二句的after 一词更表明第二句即是在复述第一句中人类感官是如何对外部刺激“a achieve a focus”的，故可将 focus 以一动词形式(加接一适当的介词on)移入空格Ⅰ，则求得(C)concentrate on为准确。
(B) respond to相对来说有一点儿的关联，但不及(C)来得具体有针对性。
空格Ⅱ：作为动词，它与focus，同时也与concentrate on，构成反义词。
既然注意力已全部汇集于某些特定的刺激或感觉数据，则其它的感觉数据便不再获到注意力的全神贯注，故求得(C)discounted(不信，漠视，不予考虑)。
准确答案为(C)。
〖词汇〗specific ： 1.明确的，具体的，确切的 2.特有的，特定的，独特的stimulus ：刺激(物)，激励(物)，促动(因素) [stimuli为复数]respond(to)：1.作答，回答 2.作出反应，响应insulate： 1.隔离，使隔绝 2.使绝缘，隔热，隔音〖中译〗人类的诸般感官旨在聚精会神贯注于明确具体的刺激物;一旦注意力之凝聚得以形成，其余的感官数据悉予忽略不计。
Do not be --------- by that fiery formula which springs from the lips of so many --------- old gentleman： "I shall write to the Times about this outrage!"(A) dissuaded ... indefatigable(B) daunted ... irresolute(C) intimidated ... choleric(D) discredited ... crotchety(E) exasperated ... apathetic〖解答〗先处理空格Ⅱ。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2019年GRE考试填空练习试题及答案解析16
46、 To avoid annihilation by parasites, some
caterpillars are able to _______ periods of active growth by prematurely entering a dormant state, which is characterized by the ____________ of feeding.
(A) curtail...suspension
(B) foster...continuation
(C) prevent...stimulation
(D) mediate...synthesis
(E) invert...simulation
分析：active growth 和 dormant state 构成一组反义词，所
以空格 1 对 active growth 做的动作应该和对 dormantstate 做的
动作"进入(entering)"相反。
空格 2 填入一个名词，填入后要体现"
休眠，静止，不活跃"的感觉，所以应该也是负动作。
A 缩减，减少""
暂停;B 养育，培养;鼓励""继续;C 阻止""刺激;D 调停，调解""合
成;E 颠倒，反转""模拟。
A 选项为准确答案。
翻译：为了避免被寄生虫干掉，一些毛虫能通过早熟地进入休眠
的状态来缩短活跃成长的时期，这种休眠状态的特点是它们中止进食。
扩展：本题能够扩展生物链中生物个体和其他个体之间的竞争关系，以及个体实行自我保护的方式。
47、 Even though the general's carefully qualified
public statement could hardly be _________, some people
took____________ it.
(A) respected...liberties with
(B) inoffensive...umbrage at
(C) faulted...exception to
(D) credited...potshots at
(E) dismissed...interest in
分析：空格 1 填入一个形容词，表示对"仔细斟酌过的公共演说(carefully qualified public statement)"的修饰，Even though 表达让步转折，hardly 表示否定，所以空格 1 应该填的是负评价词，空格 2 也应该是负评价词。
A 尊敬""调戏，随意对待(take
liberties with);B 不讨厌的，不反感的""被""触怒，因""而生气;C 挑剔""反对，提出抗议;D 信任""做随意零星的批评;E 解散""感兴趣的。
C 选项准确。
翻译：即使将军字斟句酌的公开演讲几乎无可挑剔，但还是有人提出反对意见。
扩展：无
48、 The _______ of gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies is one _______ of the illusions built into games of chance in order to misguide players and take their money.
(A) distortion...outcome
(B) restriction...result
(C) maintenance...function
(D) prediction...accomplishment
(E) demonstration...prerequisite
分析：空格 1 填入一个名词，表示对"赌徒们失败的判定策略(gamblers' unsuccessful decision strategies)"做的动作，空格 2
要填入一个名词，表示"幻觉(illusions)"的属性。
因为幻觉是为了误
导玩家并且赢他们的钱，所以，如果空格 1 填入正动作，则空格 2
要体现对 illusions 的正评价;反之，空格 1 是负动作，空格2 就是负评价词。
A 扭曲，变形""结果;B 限制""结果;C 维持""功能;D 预测""成绩，成就;E表示，证实""先决条件，前提。
CDE 的逻辑都符合要求，但是 D 和 E 的语义不对。
因为幻觉不可能预测赌徒的判定策略，而对判定策略的体现也不是幻觉的前提。
所以，C 选项为准确答案。
翻译：维持赌徒们失败的判定策略是幻觉的一个功能，这种存有
于机会游戏中的幻觉会误导玩家并赢他们的钱。
扩展：本题能够扩展到关于赌博游戏的本质，我们能够了解这些
游戏的特征以及设计机理，从而了解输赢的概率。
另外，我们也能够
对赌徒的心理实行分析，从而了解为什么这些游戏能让他们产生持续
的兴趣。