推荐-物流系统中心选址模型简介 精品

Types of modeБайду номын сангаасs
The problem of locating facilities is not new to the operations research community(运筹学); the challenge of where to best site facilities has inspired a rich, colorful and ever growing body of literature.
To cope with the multitude of applications(众多应 用) encountered in the business world and in the public sector, an ever expanding family of models has emerged.
Industrial firms must locate fabrication(制造厂) and assembly plants(组装厂) as well as warehouses(仓库). Stores have to be located by retail outlets(零售网点). The ability to manufacture and market its products is dependent in part on the location of the facilities.
Facility location models for distribution system design
物流系统设计的选址模型
• Introduction •Types of models •General methods
Introduction
The design of the distribution system is a strategic issue for almost every company. The problem of locating facilities and allocating customers covers the core topics of distribution system design.
If products are inhomogeneous their effect on the design of the distribution system has to be analyzed, viz. multi-product models(多产品模型) have to be studied.
Similarly, government agencies have to decide about the location of offices, schools, hospitals, fire stations, etc.
In every case, the quality of the services depends on the location of the facilities in relation to other facilities.
In the latter case we have to examine whether single-sourcing(单来源) or multiple-sourcing(多
来源) is essential.
• Single-stage models(单阶段模型) focus on distribution systems covering only one stage explicitly.
• Models without capacity constraints do not restrict( 限 制 ) demand allocation. If capacity
constraints for the potential sites have to be
obeyed demand has to be allocated carefully.
• Objectives( 目 标 函 数 ) may be either of the minsum or the minmax type. Minsum models are designed to minimize average distances while minmax models have to minimize maximum distances.
In multi-stage models(多阶段模型) the flow of goods comprising several hierarchical(层次) stages has to be examined.
• Single-product models(单产品模型) are characterized by the fact that demand, cost and capacity for several products can be aggregated to a single homogeneous product.
Predominantly(此外), minsum models embrace location problems of private companies while minmax models focus on location problems arising in the public sector.
Facility location models can be broadly classified as follows:
• The shape or topography of the set of potential plants yields models in the plane, network location models(网络选址模型), and discrete location(离散选址) or mixedinteger programming models(混合正数规划 模型), respectively.