BRAVE-NEW-WORLD-美丽新世界

合集下载

BRAVE NEW WORLD 美丽新世界 ppt课件

• He is a prolific British writer, writing a total of more than 50 novels, poetry, philosophy, literature and travel, the most famous work is the novel “Brave New World. " As a biologist's son, He had a good education when young , then, graduated from Eton College and Oxford University.
（野蛮人拘留区）.
Occasionally John get into the greatest power area, Central London. John first had the future to look at the night's "Brave New World", where the technology was exciting.
Brief Introduction
•
Protagonist “barbarians” John is a
failure of individual embryos incubated, he
and his mother, Linda, live in New
Mexico which has the “savage reservation”
1,Artificial incubation(人工孵化) ---the birth of mankind depend on the machinery in a neat and clean, no father and mother environment. No one will interfere with your career and marriage, but you have no home and family.

现代性批判视野下的《美丽新世界》

现代性批判视野下的《美丽新世界》作者：孙艾琳来源：《青年文学家》2019年第24期摘; 要：阿道司·赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》呈现了一个技术统治的未来世界，发达的物质文明似乎消解了社会矛盾，但冰冷的人际与机械化的生活却唱出极权的悲歌。

因而，如何突破“单向度”，警惕技术异化并重构个体自由，成为“现代性”值得反思的一面。

关键词：《美丽新世界》;现代性批判;单向度;主体重构[中图分类号]：I106; [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-24--02以控制自然，消除匮乏为宗旨的科学技术，在《美丽新世界》（Brave New World）中如同塞壬之歌，营造着人人幸福的幻象实则暗流涌动。

失去独立思考的“单向度的人”，体现了作者对技术异化的担忧。

西方马克思主义直面现代性的负面效应，启迪我们审视物质至上和信仰失落的现实，重塑人应对科技文明的方式，重现人的天赋以及对世界的关怀。

一、现代性的表现及其困境发端于启蒙运动的现代性运动，以科学变革的脚步开辟了现代文明之路，但现代性的世俗王国对科技征服力的推崇引发了思想和情感危机。

“单向度”（one-dimensional）理论源于法兰克福学派的“新左派哲学家”赫伯特·马尔库塞（Herbert Marcuse），他在马克思主义的异化理念中认识到发达资本主义社会对人自我意识的奴役。

马尔库塞认为，一个全面发展的社会应该具有两个向度，一是肯定社会现实且与现实社会保持一致的向度，二是否定、批判、超越现实的向度。

但是在新型的科技话语与极权主义结合的社会中，人们失去了批判的声音，从而沦为“单向度的人”。

在发达技术世界中，技术理性通过确立富足与自由的生活目标维持着新的异化：“在抑制性总体的统治下，自由可以成为一种强有力的统治工具。

决定人类自由的程度的因素不是可供个人选择的范围，而是个人能够选择的是什么和实际选择的是什么……在大量的商品和服务之间进行自主选择并不意味着自由，而只能证明这些控制的有效性。

美丽新世界简介

美丽新世界简介《美丽新世界》简介《美丽新世界》是英国作家阿道司·赫胥黎于1932年创作的一部科幻小说。

该小说以其独特的设定和思想探讨而广受赞誉，并成为20世纪重要的文学作品之一。

本文将对《美丽新世界》的简介进行详细阐述，帮助读者全面了解这部著名小说。

一、小说概述《美丽新世界》故事背景设定在26世纪的伦敦，人类社会被分为若干不同等级的社会阶层。

社会中的每个人都被预定于特定的角色和职责，并受到一种叫做“胚胎工程”的科学方法控制生育。

二、人类克隆与等级制度小说中，人类克隆技术取得了飞速发展，使得人们可以根据需求创造不同等级的人类。

这样的等级制度导致社会的分工明确，人们出生时即被制定于不同的阶级中。

低等级阶层生产劳动力，而高等级阶层则担任领导职务。

三、社会稳定与个人自由为了维持社会稳定，小说中的世界在人类克隆之初就剔除了传统家庭、爱情和个人意志的存在。

人们接受着教育、消费和药物的支配，生活在没有冲突和伤害的幸福与表面和谐之中。

然而，这种表面完美的社会构建下，隐藏着个人的情感压抑和人性的扭曲。

四、思想冲突与抗争小说通过描写主人公伯纳德·马克思与他的朋友约翰的故事，展现了这个虚构社会中的各种思想冲突和抗争。

伯纳德渴望自由和独立，对这个世界的不公感到不满，而约翰则是来自一个原始社会并不接受现有秩序的外来者。

他们的存在和行为引发了剧情的转折和反思。

五、对科技与人性的思考《美丽新世界》通过对科技与人性的思考，提出了一系列对人类未来发展的警示和反思。

赫胥黎对当时正在兴起的科学技术及其对社会和个体所带来的影响进行了深入探讨，呼吁保持人类尊严和自由的核心价值观。

六、小说的影响《美丽新世界》的问世引起了广泛的讨论和争议，尤其是对于科技发展和社会制度的挑战。

该小说对后来的许多作家和学者产生了深远的影响，成为虚构文学和社会学中的重要研究对象。

总结《美丽新世界》以其独特的设定和思想探讨，对于人类社会的未来发展提出了深刻的思考。

The brave new world美丽新世界 ppt

BRAVE NEW WORLD
• Aldous Huxley(阿道司赫胥黎） • time：1894—1963
1：About the writer
• He was a grandson of
the famous biologist Thomas Henry Huxley(1825-1895)
BRAVE NEW WORLD 2：What‘s the Dystopia • A:First,what is the Utopia?
Writer:Aldous status：
Huxley(阿道司赫胥黎）
① the NO.53 in "the top 100greatest novels of all time" ② one of the most classic dystopian literature in the 20th century
• B:cacotopia, kakotopia(坎坷邦）
BRAVE NEW WORLD ---------------------------------
Dystopia
• A dystopia is a community or society that is in some important way undesirable or frightening. It is literally translated as ―notgood place‖( an antonym of utopia. ) • Such societies appear in many artistic works, particularly in stories set in a future. Dystopias are often characterized by dehumanization, totalitarian governments, environmental disaster , or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in society. Dystopian societies appear in many sub-genres of fiction and are often used to draw attention to real-world issues regarding society, environment, politics, economics, religion, psychology, ethics, science, and or technology, which if unaddressed could potentially lead to such a dystopia-like condition.

读《美丽新世界》——浅谈乌托邦与反乌托邦

读《美丽新世界》——浅谈乌托邦与反乌托邦赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，作为与乔治·奥威尔的《1984》、扎米亚金的《我们》齐名的“反乌托邦三部曲”之一，享有相当高的世界声誉。

虽然就连高中英语课文中都对其有过介绍，但它却是我在这三部书中最晚读到的一本。

比起《1984》曾在我个人的思想历程里扮演过极其重要的启蒙角色（当然，相信有无数青年都会有类似的感受），《美丽新世界》则让我多看到了另一些可能。

它描述的乌托邦场景，较之另外两本会少一些极权色彩，但却更加具有现实意义，某种程度上说也更加值得警醒。

*三种乌托邦的比较尼尔·波兹曼在其名作《娱乐至死》中，一开始就提到赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，并认为世界最终没有发展成乔治·奥威尔的预想，却越来越向赫胥黎所描绘的方向发展。

《娱乐至死》的核心观点是“我们终将毁于我们热爱的东西”，这里的矛头明确指向电视、电视节目等娱乐性设施。

波兹曼认为一切公共话语日渐以娱乐的方式出现，政治、新闻、教育等多个方面成为了娱乐的附庸，人们的思考能力受制于此，最终娱乐至死。

《美丽新世界》中描绘的社会与其确有共通之处。

《美丽新世界》（Brave New World）得名于莎士比亚的《暴风雨》，牛津词典的解释是“本欲改善人们的生活，实则带来预料不到的问题”。

这个新世界是一个设定好的机械化的盛世，尊奉汽车大王福特为救世主。

科技与政策管理极度发达。

精子卵子在试管中调制好，胎儿在孵化器中长大。

人类虽被分为五个等级，但却从小就以“睡梦教育”的形式被灌输了幸福的概念，而热爱自己的使命。

他们被设计得厌恶书籍、厌恶艺术、厌恶独处，性滥交、消费主义和享乐主义横行。

即使出现最糟的情况，也还有索麻这一“完美的药物”使人们获得快感。

可以说，“幸福”在这美丽新世界中似乎唾手可得。

诚然，幸福是人类始终追寻的一大终极目标，然而我们看到，这样一种“被幸福”却不等于、甚至往往是有悖于我们真正的幸福概念的，就如同波兹曼描绘的“被娱乐”一样。

天津译国译民翻译公司被错误翻译的六部英文电影名

五、Pumpkin Eater 也许有人会译成《食南瓜的人》吧。其实这也是来源于一首广为流传的童谣："Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater, had a wife and couldn't keep her." 根据故事情节，译做《太太的苦闷》似乎比较恰当。
六、Brave New World 有人译作《勇敢的新世界》 Aldous Huxley(英国作家，Thomas Huxley之孙)的一本科幻小说名。早期有人译作《勇敢的新世界》，现在恐怕很多人拿到原著，看到《美丽新世界》的题目，也要以为翻译错了。殊不知，这书题出自莎士比亚的《暴风雨》一剧，Miranda的话："How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, that has such people in't!"这里brave一词取的是法语brave的意思，作“好” 解。Huxley写此书是反讽20世纪的机器文明，称它为 “大好”，其实并非如此。
二、Hobson's Choice 被译成《霍布逊的选择》电影中主角名叫Hobson，表面上看也没有问题。可是大概的情节是，这位Hobson先生是一位鞋店老板，不愿意把大女儿嫁给店里的伙计，结果遭到三个女儿同盟的反对，于是屈从了她们。在英语中Hobson's Choice也是一个成语，同样据American Heritage Dictionary，它的意思是：An apparently free choice that offers no real alternative. 出典大约是这样：After Thomas Hobson (1544?-1630), English keeper of a livery stable, from his requirement that customers take either the horse nearest the stable door o`r none 。电影巧用这个名字(莫如说将主角命名为Hobson)，正为了套这个典故。而译名恰好颠倒了意思。

BRAVENEWWORLD内容简介（AldousHuxley）

BRAVE NEW WORLD 美丽新世界Aldous HuxleyPlot Overview 情节一览The novel opens in the Central London Hatching and Conditioning Centre, where the Director of the Hatchery and one of his assistants, Henry Foster, are giving a tour to a group of boys. The boys learn about the Bokanovsky and Podsnap Processes that allow the Hatchery to produce thousands of nearly identical human embryos. During the gestation period the embryos travel in bottles along a conveyor belt through a factorylike building, and are conditioned to belong to one of five castes: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, or Epsilon. The Alpha embryos are destined to become the leaders and thinkers of the World State. Each of the succeeding castes is conditioned to be slightly less physically and intellectually impressive. The Epsilons, stunted and stupefied by oxygen deprivation and chemical treatments, are destined to perform menial labor. Lenina Crowne, an employee at the factory, describes to the boys how she vaccinates embryos destined for tropical climates.The Director then leads the boys to the Nursery, where they observe a group of Delta infants being reprogrammed to dislike books and flowers. The Director explains that this conditioning helps to make Deltas docile and eager consumers. He then tells the b oys about the “hypnopaedic” (sleep-teaching) methods used to teach children the morals of the World State. In a room where older children are napping, a whispering voice is heard repeating a lesson in “Elementary Class Consciousness.”Outside, the Director shows the boys hundreds of naked children engaged in sexual play and games like “Centrifugal Bumble-puppy.” Mustapha Mond, one of the ten World Controllers, introduces himself to the boys and begins to explain the history of the World State, focusing on the State’s successful efforts to remove strong emotions, desires, and human relationships from society. Meanwhile, inside the Hatchery, Lenina chats in the bathroom with Fanny Crowne about her relationship with Henry Foster. Fanny chides Lenina for going out with Henry almost exclusively for four months, and Lenina admits she is attracted to the strange, somewhat funny-looking Bernard Marx. In another part of the Hatchery, Bernard is enraged when he overhears a conversation between Henry and the Assistant Predestinator about “having” Lenina.After work, Lenina tells Bernard that she would be happy to accompany himon the trip to the Savage Reservation in New Mexico to which he had invited her. Bernard, overjoyed but embarrassed, flies a helicopter to meet a friend of his, Helmholtz Watson. He and Helmholtz discuss their dissatisfaction with the World State. Bernard is primarily disgruntled because he is too small and weak for his caste; Helmholtz is unhappy because he is too intelligent for his job writing hypnopaedic phrases. In the next few days, Bernard asks his superior, the Director, for permission to visit the Reservation. The Director launches into a story about a visit to the Reservation he had made with a woman twenty years earlier. During a storm, he tells Bernard, the woman was lost and never recovered. Finally, he gives Bernard the permit, and Bernard and Lenina depart for the Reservation, where they get another permit from the Warden. Before heading into the Reservation, Bernard calls Helmholtz a nd learns that the Director has grown weary of what he sees as Bernard’s difficult and unsocial behavior and is planning to exile Bernard to Iceland when he returns. Bernard is angry and distraught, but decides to head into the Reservation anyway.On the Reservation, Lenina and Bernard are shocked to see its aged and ill residents; no one in the World State has visible signs of aging. They witness a religious ritual in which a young man is whipped, and find it abhorrent. After the ritual they meet John, a fair-skinned young man who is isolated from the rest of the village. John tells Bernard about his childhood as the son of a woman named Linda who was rescued by the villagers some twenty years ago. Bernard realizes that Linda is almost certainly the woman mentioned by the Director. Talking to John, he learns that Linda was ostracized because of her willingness to sleep with all the men in the village, and that as a result John was raised in isolation from the rest of the village. John explains that he learned to read using a book called The Chemical and Bacteriological Conditioning of the Embryo and The Complete Works of Shakespeare, the latter given to Linda by one of her lovers, Popé. John tells Bernard that he is eager to see the “Other Place”—the “brave new world” that his mother has told him so much about. Bernard invites him to return to the World State with him. John agrees but insists that Linda be allowed to come as well.While Lenina, disgusted with the Reservation, takes enough soma to knock her out for eighteen hours, Bernard flies to Santa Fe where he calls Mustapha Mond and receives permission to bring John and Linda back to the World State. Meanwhile, John breaks into the house where Lenina is lying intoxicated and unconscious, and barely suppresses his desire to touch her. Bernard, Lenina, John, and Linda fly to the World State, where the Director is waiting to exile Bernard in front of his Alpha coworkers. But Bernard turns the tables by introducing John and Linda. The shame of being a “father”—the very word makes the onlookers laugh nervously—causes the Director to resign, leaving Bernard free to remain in London.John becomes a hit with London society because of his strange life led on the Reservation. But while touring the factories and schools of the World State, John becomes increasingly disturbed by the society that he sees. His sexual attraction to Lenina remains, but he desires more than simple lust, and he finds himself terribly confused. In the process, he also confuses Lenina, who wonders why John does not wish to have sex with her. As the discoverer and guardian of the “Savage,” Bernard also becomes popular. He quickly takes advantage of his new status, sleeping with many women and hosting dinner parties with important guests, most of whom dislike Bernard but are willing to placate him if it means they get to meet John. One night John refuses to meet the guests, including the Arch-Community Songster, and Bernard’s social standing plummets.After Bernard introduces them, John and Helmholtz quickly take to each other. John reads Helmholtz parts of Romeo and Juliet, but Helmholtz cannot keep himself from laughing at a serious passage about love, marriage, and parents—ideas that are ridiculous, almost scatological in World State culture. Fueled by his strange behavior, Lenina becomes obsessed with John, refusing Henry’s invitation to see a feely. She takes soma and visits John at Bernard’s apartment, where she hopes to seduce him. But John responds to her advances with curses, blows, and lines from Shakespeare. She retreats to the bathroom while he fields a phone call in which he learns that Linda, who has been on permanent soma-holiday since her return, is about to die. At the Hospital for the Dying he watches her die while a group of lower-caste boys receiving their “death conditioning” wonder why she is so unattractive. The boys are simply curious, but John becomes enraged. After Linda dies, John meets a group of Delta clones who are receiving their soma ration. He tries to convince them to revolt, throwing the soma out the window, and a riot results. Bernard and Helmholtz, hearing of the riot, rush to the scene and come to John’s aid. After the riot is calmed by police with soma vapor, John, Helmholtz, and Bernard are arrested and brought to the office of Mustapha Mond.John and Mond debate the value of the World State’s policies, John arguing that they dehumanize the residents of the World State and Mond arguing that stability and happiness are more important than humanity. Mond explains that social stability has required the sacrifice of art, science, and religion. John protests that, without these things, human life is not worth living. Bernard reacts wildly when Mond says that he and Helmholtz will be exiled to distant islands, and he is carried from the room. Helmholtz accepts the exile readily, thinking it will give him a chance to write, and soon follows Bernard out of theroom. John and Mond continue their conversation. They discuss religion and the use of soma to control negative emotions and social harmony.John bids Helmholtz and Bernard good-bye. Refused the option of following them to the islands by Mond, he retreats to a lighthouse in the countryside where he gardens and attempts to purify himself by self-flagellation. Curious World State citizens soon catch him in the act, and reporters descend on the lighthouse to film news reports and a feely. After the feely, hordes of people descend on the lighthouse and demand that John whip himself. Lenina comes and approaches John with her arms open. John reacts by brandishing his whip and screaming “Kill it! Kill it!” The intensity of the scene causes an orgy in which John takes part. The next morning he wakes up and, overcome with anger and sadness at his submission to World State society, hangs himself. Context 背景Aldous Huxley was born in Surrey, England, on July 26, 1894, to an illustrious family deeply rooted in England’s literary and scientific tradition. Huxley’s father, Leonard Huxley, was the son of Thomas Henry Huxley, a well-known biologist who gained t he nickname “Darwin’s bulldog” for championing Charles Darwin’s evolutionary ideas. His mother, Julia Arnold, was related to the important nineteenth-century poet and essayist Matthew Arnold.Raised in this family of scientists, writers, and teachers (his father was a writer and teacher, and his mother a schoolmistress), Huxley received an excellent education, first at home, then at Eton, providing him with access to numerous fields of knowledge. Huxley was an avid student, and during his lifetime he was renowned as a generalist, an intellectual who had mastered the use of the English language but was also informed about cutting-edge developments in science and other fields. Although much of his scientific understanding was superficial—he was easily convinced of findings that remained somewhat on the fringe of mainstream science—his education at the intersection of science and literature allowed him to integrate current scientific findings into his novels and essays in a way that few other writers of his time were able to do. Aside from his education, another major influence on Huxley’s life and writing was an eye disease contracted in his teenage years that left him almost blind. As a teenager Huxley had dreamed about becoming a doctor, but the degeneration of his eyesight prevented him from pursuing his chosen career. It also severely restricted the activities he could pursue. Because of his near blindness, he depended heavily on his first wife, Maria, to take care of him. Blindness and vision are motifs that permeate much of Huxley’s writing.After graduating from Oxford in 1916, Huxley began to make a name for himself writing satirical pieces about the British upper class. Though these writings were skillful and gained Huxley an audience and literary name, they were generally considered to offer little depth beyond their lightweight criticisms of social manners. Huxley continued to write prolifically, working as an essayist and journalist, and publishing four volumes of poetry before beginning to work on novels. Without giving up his other writing, beginning in 1921, Huxley produced a series of novels at an astonishing rate: Crome Yellow was published in 1921, followed by Antic Hay in 1923, Those Barren Leaves in 1925, and Point Counter Point in 1928. During these years, Huxley left his early satires behind and became more interested in writing about subjects with deeper philosophical and ethical significance. Much of his work deals with the conflict between the interests of the individual and society, often focusing on the problem of self-realization within the context of social responsibility. These themes reached their zenith in Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932. His most enduring work imagined a fictional future in which free will and individuality have been sacrificed in deference to complete social stability.Brave New World marked a step in a new direction for Huxley, combining his skill for satire with his fascination with science to create a dystopian (anti-utopian) world in which a totalitarian government controlled society by the use of science and technology. Through its exploration of the pitfalls of linking science, technology, and politics, and its argument that such a link will likely reduce human individuality, Brave New World deals with similar themes as George Orwell’s famous novel 1984. Orwell wrote his novel in 1949, after the dangers of totalitarian governments had been played out to tragic effect in World War II, and during the great struggle of the Cold War and the arms race which so powerfully underlined the role of technology in the modern world. Huxley anticipated all of these developments. Hitler came to power in Germany a year after the publication of Brave New World. World War II broke out six years after. The atomic bomb was dropped thirteen years after its publication, initiating the Cold War and what President Eisenhower referred to as a frightening buildup of the “military-industrial complex.” Huxley’s novel seems, in many ways, to prophesize the major themes and struggles that dominated life and debate in the second half of the twentieth century, and continue to dominate it in the twenty-first.After publishing Brave New World, Huxley continued to live in England, making frequent journeys to Italy. In 1937 Huxley moved to California. An ardent pacifist, he had become alarmed at the growing military buildup in Europe, and determined to remove himself from the possibility of war. Already famous as a writer of novels and essays, he tried to make a living as ascreenwriter. He had little success. Huxley never seemed to grasp the requirements of the form, and his erudite literary style did not translate well to the screen.In the late forties, Huxley started to experiment with hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD and mescaline. He also maintained an interest in occult phenomena, such as hypnotism, séances, and other activities occupying the border between science and mysticism. Huxley’s experiments with drugs led him to write several books that had profound influences on the sixties counterculture. The book he wrote about his experiences with mescaline, The Doors of Perception, influenced a young man named Jim Morrison and his friends, and they named the band they formed The Doors. (The phrase, “the doors of perception” comes from a William Blake poem called The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.) In his last major work, Island, published in 1962, Huxley describes a doomed utopia called Pala that serves as a contrast to his earlier vision of dystopia. A central aspect of Pala’s ideal culture is the use of a hallucinogenic drug called “moksha,” which provides an interesting context in which to view soma, the drug in Brave New World that serves as one tool of the totalitarian state. Huxley died on November 22, 1963, in Los Angeles. Utopias and DystopiasBrave New World belongs to the genre of utopian literature. A utopia is an imaginary society organized to create ideal conditions for human beings, eliminating hatred, pain, neglect, and all of the other evils of the world.The word ut opia comes from Sir Thomas More’s novel Utopia (1516), and it is derived from Greek roots that could be translated to mean either “good place” or “no place.” Books that include descriptions of utopian societies were written long before More’s novel, however. Plato’s Republic is a prime example. Sometimes the societies described are meant to represent the perfect society, but sometimes utopias are created to satirize existing societies, or simply to speculate about what life might be like under different conditions. In the 1920s, just before Brave New World was written, a number of bitterly satirical novels were written to describe the horrors of a planned or totalitarian society. The societies they describe are called dystopias, places where things are badly awry. Either term, utopia or dystopia, could correctly be used to describe Brave New World.。

Brave New World 美丽新世界

By Aldous Huxly
Huxley said that Brave New World was inspired by the utopian novels of H. G. Wells, including A Modern Utopia (1905) and Men Like Gods (1923).Wells' hopeful vision of the future's possibilities gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novel, which became Brave New World.
Helmholtz Watson –
handsome and successful Alpha-Plus lecturer at the
College of Emotional Engineering and a friend of
Bernard.
Mustapha Mond – Resident World Controller of
He remains committed to values that exist only in his poetry, first spurning Lenina for failing to live up to his Shakespearean ideal and then the entire utopian society. He then ostracizes himself from society and attempts to purify himself of "sin" (desire), but is finally unable to do so and hangs himself in despair.

批判现实主义文学的创作《美丽新世界》

批判现实主义文学的创作《美丽新世界》1. 简介《美丽新世界》是英国作家阿道斯·赫胥黎于1932年出版的一部反乌托邦小说。

它以科幻的方式描绘了一个被科技和管理社会控制的未来世界。

这部小说尖锐地批判了现实主义文学中一些传统价值观，同时探讨了科技进步对人类自由意志和人性的影响。

2. 反乌托邦与现实主义文学反乌托邦文学是对乌托邦（理想化社会）概念进行否定、批判的文学形式。

与之相反，现实主义文学试图通过真实生活的描写来傅入读者，并提出对社会问题的关注和思考。

在《美丽新世界》中，赫胥黎明显地采用了反乌托邦文学手法，以鲜明对比揭示现实主义文学中存在的问题与局限性。

3. 对传统价值观的挑战《美丽新世界》对一些传统价值观进行了极具挑战性的批判。

作者通过描述未来社会中对个体性、家庭、婚姻等传统价值的颠覆，暗示了现实主义文学对于这些价值观的无能为力。

4. 科技进步与自由意志小说中描绘了一个被科技和管理社会完全控制的世界。

人类被分为层级，丧失了真正的自由意志。

这一设定让我们反思科技进步是否可能剥夺了人们的独立思考能力和个体选择权。

5. 影响现实主义文学的开创《美丽新世界》通过其独特的叙事风格和思想内涵对现实主义文学产生了深远影响。

它挑战了传统写实主义文学对于真实性和道德价值的关注，引导着作家们去思考更广泛、更深邃的问题。

6. 结论《美丽新世界》作为一部批判现实主义文学的反乌托邦小说，通过对未来社会中科技、管理以及价值观等方面进行描绘和遣词造句，向读者呈现出一个富有警示意义的画面。

它促使我们重新审视并思考现实主义文学中存在的局限，并提供了重要的启示，引导我们对社会问题进行深入思考。

50部英文小说中英文名对照背诵单词

作品名作者名1．An American Tragedy（美国悲剧）Theodore Dreiser（狄德罗·德莱塞）2．Gone With the Wind（飘）Margaret Mitchell（玛格丽特·米切尔）3．The Grapes of Wrath（愤怒的葡萄）John Steinbeck（约翰·斯坦伯克）4．Gravity’s Rainbow（引力彩虹）Thomas Pynchon（托马斯·品钦）5．The Great Gatsby（了不起的盖茨比）F. Scott Fitzgerald（F·斯考特·菲茨杰拉德）6．Invisible Man（隐形人）Ralph Ellison（拉尔芙·埃利逊）7．Light in August（八月之光）William Faulkner（威廉·福克纳）8．The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe（狮子，女巫和魔衣橱）C.S. Lewis （C·S·Lewis）9．Possession（占有）A.S. Byatt（A·S·伯亚特）10．T he Power and the Glory（权力与荣耀）Graham Greene（G·格林）11．T he Recognitions（辨识）William Gaddis（威廉·格迪斯）12．R ed Harvest（红色收获）Dashiell Hammett （达斯·哈迈特）13．R evolutionary Road（革命之路）Richard Yates（理查·叶茨）14．T he Sheltering Sky（僻护天空）Paul Bowles（保罗·保尔斯）15．T he Sound and the Fury（喧哗与骚动）William Faulkner（威廉·福克纳）16．T he Sportswriter（体育新闻记者）Richard Ford（理查·福特）17．S now Crash（雪崩）Neal Stephenson（尼尔·史蒂文森）18．T he Sun Also Rises（太阳照样升起）Ernest Hemingway（厄内斯特·海明威）19．T heir Eyes Were Watching God（他们仰望上帝）Zora Neale Hurston（佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿）20．T hings Fall Apart（瓦解）Chinua Achebe（切努瓦·阿切比）21．T o the Lighthouse（到灯塔去）Virginia Woolf（芙吉妮亚·伍尔夫）22．U nder the Net（网下）Iris Murdoch（埃尔斯·莫多克）23．U nder the Volcano（火山下）Malcolm Lowrey（马尔孔·罗瑞）24．A nimal Farm（动物农场）George Orwell（乔治·奥维尔）25．A ppointment in Samarra（相约萨玛拉）John O’Hara（约翰·奥哈拉）26．A re You There God? It’s Me, Margaret（神哪，您在那里吗？是我，玛格丽特）Judy Blume（朱迪·布罗姆）27．T he Assistant（助手）Bernard Malamud（伯纳德·马拉迈德）28．P ride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 Jane Austen 简奥斯丁29．S ense and Sensibility 理智与情感Jane Austen 简奥斯丁30．T he Secret Garden 秘密花园Frances Hodgson Burnett 弗朗西斯霍齐森班内特31．T he Heart Is A Lonely Hunter（心是孤独的猎手）Carson McCullers（卡尔逊·迈勒斯）32．T he Heart of the Matter（核心问题）Graham Greene（G·格林）33．H ousekeeping（管家）Marilynne Robinson （玛琳·罗伯逊）34．N aked Lunch（裸体午餐）William Burroughs （威廉·伯罗斯）35．N ative Son（土著之子）Richard Wright（理查·莱特）36．N ever Let Me Go（别让我走）Kazuo Ishiguro （卡佐·伊什古罗）37．P lay It As It Lays（顺其自然）Joan Didion（琼·迪丹）38．A Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》（Ernest Hemingway）海明威39．O n the Road（在路上） Jack Kerouac（杰克·克鲁亚克）40．B rave New World《美丽新世界》（Aldous Huxley，阿道司·赫胥黎41．A lice's Adventures in Wonderland 《爱丽丝漫游奇境》 Lewis Carroll 刘易斯·卡罗尔42．G reat Expectations《远大前程》Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯43．L eaves of Grass《草叶集》Walt Whitman，沃尔特·惠特曼44．L ord of the Ring《指环王》 John Ronald Reuel Tolkien，约翰·罗纳德·瑞尔·托尔金45．A Dance to the Music of Time（随时间音乐起舞）Anthony Powell（安东尼·鲍威）46．T he Diary of a Nobody《小人物日记》乔治·格罗史密斯（George Grossmith）和威登（Weedon Grossmith）。

《美丽新世界》PPT课件

2018/11/21 36
第6章進入新墨西哥保留區
•主任在幫柏納德簽許可證的當下，曾說過有一次去新墨西哥保留區，和一個負貝塔女孩去，後來，女孩失蹤，主任也受傷了，這事件讓主任長做夢。 •蘭妮娜跟柏納德進入野蠻人保留區，所搭乘的飛機又回去，會再第二天來接他們。
2018/11/21 37
第7章美麗新世界外的世界
2018/11/21 28
第3章性愛關係與家庭
•地點：花園。 •背景：六、七百個小孩，光著身子在陽光下奔跑著、嬉戲著 •事件：一個七歲男孩和一個八歲的女孩在從事初級的性遊戲。在福特之前的那個很久的時代，兒童間之的性愛被認為變態，而且到20歲才可以。參觀的學生發出了不可置信的驚嘆。
2018/11/21 29
2018/11/21
20
第2章制約與催眠教育
•第三次問男孩：「哪條河流最長，湯米？」男孩哭出來，說我不知道。 •這樣的哭叫聲讓早期研究者心灰意冷。
2018/11/21
21
第2章制約與催眠教育
•初步階級意識教育：在八十個嬰兒枕頭下，有一個聲音：「德爾塔兒童穿卡其。噢，我不要跟德爾塔孩子玩。愛普西隆更壞。他們笨得連讀書寫字都不會。還有，他們穿黑的，最可惡的顏色。我那麼高興我是貝塔。
2018/11/21 15
第2章制約與催眠教育
•「書、噪音、花朵、電擊」已在嬰兒腦中結合在一起。孩子會帶著心理學家所謂的對書與花朵『本能的』厭惡長大。他們終生都可以免於書本與植物，於是還在哭叫的嬰兒被推出去，留下吐奶的味道，以及最受歡迎的沉默。
2018/11/21 16
第2章制約與催眠教育
•在這本書中有幾個缺點需要提及： 1.野蠻人只獲得在兩種生存狀態之間做選擇的權利。 2.讓他熟讀莎士比亞，為了戲劇效果 3.野蠻人生命結束於狂烈的自我折磨與絕望的自殺，符合作者當時對人生的懷疑態度。

美丽新世界最好的译本

美丽新世界最好的译本
《美丽新世界》是英国作家阿道司·赫胥黎创作的长篇小说，有多个中文译本，以下是部分网友对其中两个译本的评价：
- 吴妍仪译本：除原小说外，只附有1946年序，无《重返美丽新世界》。

印刷方面，用纸粗纤维，墨色较淡，行间距较大，阅读体验一般。

注释方面，历史考证较为详实，但部分注释内容可能会影响阅读体验。

句式方面，有过度归化的问题，部分词汇有年代感，某些戏剧化情节的表达方式可能会让读者感到尴尬。

表意方面，对术语的翻译比较精准，但文学性略有不足。

- 刘琳琪译本：除原小说外，还附有《重返美丽新世界》。

印刷方面，选用的纸张细腻光滑，字体颜色较深，清晰度高。

注释方面，注释比较简洁，对现代读者比较友好。

句式方面，基本遵循定语后置的原则拆分原文意群，符合现代语言习惯，可读性较强。

表意方面，文学性较强，译文简洁而不失意蕴。

The-brave-new-world美丽新世界

• No one can refuse the happiness！
• The Resident World Controller of Western Europe Mustapha Mond said，"Now the world is very stable and happy. What they want, there is; if it's not, they would not delusional [dɪ'lu:ʒnəl] （妄想的）. They are rich, the situation is stable; they never get sick, they don’t fear of death; they are full of joy, forget the passion and old; they do not have to worry about their parents; they have no wife, no love, no emotional baggage; they accept strict conditions and act concordantly [kən'kɔ:dənt] （和谐的，一致的） with the rules. What if they made a mistake, also accompanied by soma."
推广，使受欢迎; 普及; 使通俗
化) the use of the assembly [əˈsɛmbli] line(流水线）.
Characters John is a savagery.
John – the illicit [ɪˈlɪsɪt]（
非法的） son of the Director of the Incubation [ˌɪnkjəˈbeʃən,}Center and Linda, born and reared on the Savage [ˈsævɪdʒ] adj.未开化的; 野蛮的Reservation (“Malpais”) after Linda was unwittingly ｛ ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋlɪ](不知情地) left behind by her errant[ˈerənt] （犯错误的 ; 行为不当的） lover.

《美丽新世界》读书感悟

《美丽新世界》读书感悟《美丽新世界》是英国作家阿道司·赫胥黎于1932年创作的一部社会乌托邦小说。

该小说以科幻的形式，描绘了一个完全被控制的世界，人们生活在幸福似乎无比的状态下，但却丧失了思考和自由意志。

《美丽新世界》给我带来了许多思考和启示，以下是我的读书感悟。

首先，一个真正的幸福社会不应该是缺乏思考和自由的。

在《美丽新世界》中，人们生活在一种极度安乐的状态下，但这种幸福是通过强制实现的。

人们失去了思考和自由意志的能力，在政府的控制下，完全依靠药物和娱乐来维持幸福的平衡。

这样的社会是虚伪的，是无法真正持久的。

相比之下，一个真正的幸福社会应该是能够让人们自由地思考、表达和选择的社会。

这样的社会需要给人们提供充足的自由度和机会，同时也需要有一定的规则和约束，以确保人们能够自由地实现自己的价值，而不是被强制地融入到某个模式中去。

作为一个现代社会的成员，我们需要思考什么是真正的幸福，而不是被表面的安逸所迷惑。

其次，文化和教育对个体和社会的影响是巨大的。

在《美丽新世界》中，政府通过控制教育和文化，掌握了人们思想和行为的主导权。

人们被灌输着一个偏颇的世界观和价值体系，失去了自我思考和判断能力。

这样的社会是极其危险的。

相比之下，文化和教育应该成为人们认识和实现自我、探索世界的重要源泉。

在现代社会，我们需要注重个体的文化和精神发展，提高人们的思考、判断和自我管理能力，让每个人都成为自己生命和社会发展的积极创造者。

最后，自我反思和批判是重要的社会力量。

在小说中，主人公约翰是一个与众不同的存在，他打破了这个虚伪的世界，表达了自己的思想和情感，并最终选择了自我牺牲。

尽管他没有成功改变世界，但他所选择的道路，让我们认识到自我反思和批判的力量。

一个真正开放和进步的社会，需要人们勇于质疑和挑战，需要有自我反思和批判的精神。

这是一个人类文明不断进步的基础。

总之，《美丽新世界》给我们提供了很多重要的反思和思考。

作为一个现代社会的成员，我们需要学会客观认识社会现状和人类历史，认识到现代文明和人类社会发展的同时也发现这个社会存在的问题。

现代性批判视野下的《美丽新世界》

文学评论·外国文学现代性批判视野下的《美丽新世界》孙艾琳沈阳师范大学文学院摘要：阿道司•赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》呈现了一个技术统治的未来世界，发达的物质文明似乎消解了社会矛盾，但冰冷的人际与机械化的生活却唱出极权的悲歌。

因而，如何突破“单向度”，警惕技术异化并重构个体自由，成为“现代性”值得反思的一面。

关键词：《美丽新世界》；现代性批判；单向度；主体重构[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2019)-24-112-02以控制自然，消除匮乏为宗旨的科学技术，在《美丽新世界》（Brave New World）中如同塞壬之歌，营造着人人幸福的幻象实则暗流涌动。

失去独立思考的“单向度的人”，体现了作者对技术异化的担忧。

西方马克思主义直面现代性的负面效应，启迪我们审视物质至上和信仰失落的现实，重塑人应对科技文明的方式，重现人的天赋以及对世界的关怀。

“单向度”（one-dimensional）理论源于法兰克福学派的“新左派哲学家”赫伯特•马尔库塞（Herbert Marcuse），他在马克思主义的异化理念中认识到发达资本主义社会对人自我意识的奴役。

马尔库塞认为，一个全面发展的社会应该具有两个向度，一是肯定社会现实且与现实社会保持一致的向度，二是否定、批判、超越现实的向度。

但是在新型的科技话语与极权主义结合的社会中，人们失去了批判的声音，从而沦为“单向度的人”。

在发达技术世界中，技术理性通过确立富足与自由的生活目标维持着新的异化：“在抑制性总体的统治下，自由可以成为一种强有力的统治工具。

赫胥黎《美丽新世界》的写作背景是什么介绍

赫胥黎《美丽新世界》的写作背景是什么介绍（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!赫胥黎《美丽新世界》的写作背景是什么介绍【导语】：美丽新世界是赫胥黎创作的反乌托邦的小说。

《美丽新世界》读后感

《美丽新世界》读后感《美丽新世界》是英国作家奥威尔所著的一部科幻小说，于1932年出版。

这部小说以其思想深刻和对未来社会的描绘而闻名于世。

我在阅读完《美丽新世界》后，深受触动，对人类的未来和现实社会展开了深思。

这部小说以对人类未来社会的一种设想为基础，描绘了一个追求稳定、快乐但缺少自由和真正情感的世界。

在这个世界里，人类通过遗传工程和药物控制被分为不同社会阶层，每个社会阶层都有着既定的职责和价值观。

这种社会秩序的建立以及对个体自由的限制引起了我对现实社会中自由与幸福的思考。

在小说中，人们通过药物“善良的新世界”来消除负面情绪，追求快乐。

虽然这种方式可以帮助人们避免痛苦和痛苦情绪，但这也意味着人们失去了真正的情感体验。

他们变得无感情，没有痛苦也没有真正的快乐。

这让我不禁思考，现实社会中的快乐是否依赖于是否有痛苦的对比？如果我们将痛苦完全消除，是否会失去真正的幸福？另一个我深思的问题是对个体自由的限制。

在小说中，人们的命运被一开始就决定好了，他们没有选择他们的身份和职责的权利。

因为这个社会的秩序，个人的愿望和追求被置于集体的目标和利益之下。

这引发了我对个体自由与集体责任之间的平衡的思考。

在现实社会中，我们是否过度追求个体自由，而忽视了自身对集体的责任与奉献？如何平衡个体和社会的关系是一个重要的问题。

在《美丽新世界》中，奥威尔通过对科技的运用揭示了一个被统治的社会无法真正实现幸福和自由。

在这个被科技操控的世界中，人类失去了对自己命运的掌控，并面临着与人性的冲突。

这引发了我对科技进步的思考。

科技的发展使得我们的生活更加便利和高效，但它也带来了一系列道德和伦理问题。

我们应该如何应对科技的挑战，确保科技的发展为人类带来真正的幸福而不是剥夺我们的自由和人性？通过阅读《美丽新世界》，我深刻意识到社会的发展和个体的追求之间存在着复杂而微妙的关系。

小说中对于幸福、自由、个体与集体的探讨引发了我对于现实社会的思考。

我们应该在自由和幸福之间寻求平衡，在个体追求中不忽视对集体和社会责任的承担。

来自新世界读后感_来自新世界读后感800

来自新世界读后感_来自新世界读后感800《来自新世界》的故事描写了一个千年后的世界，因为千年前人类的战争这个世界遗失了绝大多数的现代科技，在日本的人类以町为集群用水力发电过着原始的乡村生活，下面是为您整理的来自新世界读后感，供您参考和借鉴。

来自新世界读后感十一长假里把之前买了一直没看的《来自新世界》的小说补完了，虽说是两本厚厚总共1000页的小说，实际读起来仿佛来到了神茜66町以及那个未来的世界。

即使是看过了动画小说中那充满想象力的对于未来社会的描写还是吸引我不断阅读下去。

丁丁虫翻译的版本读过的人有口皆碑，在这里还是要给翻译点个赞。

若是对文学稍有造诣的读者在看到《来自新世界》的书名的时候很容易联想起三大反乌托邦中赫胥黎的那本《美丽新世界》（Brave New World），虽然笔者在看动画版的伊始还没有感受到反乌托邦的主旨，回过头来再读小说版的时候通过充满想象力的描写反乌托邦的主题就显得十分明晰。

《来自新世界》的故事描写了一个千年后的世界，因为千年前人类的战争这个世界遗失了绝大多数的现代科技，在日本的人类以町为集群用水力发电过着原始的乡村生活，不同点在于这个世界上的人类拥有着名为“咒力”的超能力——“想象力可以改变一切。

”通过想象力可以发动一切咒力，唯独不允许的就是通过咒力伤害人类，因为“愧死机构”的存在一旦人类对于同类使用咒力便会导致自身的死亡。

主角渡边早季在小学“和贵园”与同龄人一起进行掌握咒力的学习，因咒力觉醒较晚早季成为了倒数第二个毕业的学生，在此期间早季偷听到父母担心的话语隐隐知道自己还有一个过世的姐姐、学校最后一名会消失的传说，以及早季毕业后来到完人学校后得知自己是最后一个毕业的事实……相信对于这类题材比较了解的读者看到这里都已经猜到了，好比《美丽新世界》里对于α、β人种的分类，又好比《Psycho-Pass》中对于精神值收到污染的人的逮捕隔离，在《来自新世界》的世界中咒力不能正常发展的儿童则会受到“教育委员会”的剔除。