高二英语上学期unit1-grammar1

• One day, your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than twelve months to live. attribute
• There did not seem much point in working on my PhD -- I did not expect to survive tto have met his friend.
（1）作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语， 例如上面两句可用如下形式：
He got the car to start.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，与所修饰名词有如下关系： ①动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 不定式为不及物动词时，应用介词
He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. 但不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place,way时，不 定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
object
Exercise
D his mistake. 1. The boy finally was beginning _____ A. the he saw C. seeing B. for him to see D. to see
2.When the teacher came in, the children pretended____ D attentively A. reading B. to be read C. being reading D. to be reading C 3. Will you lend me a book ____? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. I read
（3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有： agree,ask, beg ,choose,expect, fail, help, hope, learn manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, prefer, refuse, want, wish
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾 语补足语后面 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语 I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. There is nothing to do but wait.

动词不定式与疑问词连用作宾语 He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
find , feel, consider, think, make + it + adj./n+to do
I find it possible to ask the question
（4）作宾语补足语：
want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
（2）作表语
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold. 作表语的不定式带to与不带to。作表语的不定 式通常带to，当主语部分含有实义动词do， 不定式作表语可省to。 The only thing I can do is (to)wait.
• People who listen to Hawking’s lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him, because his thoughts and ideas often seem as large as the universe he is trying to describe.
• In the book, Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works. subject
• Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see.
He had no place to live ( in ).
如果句子的主语是不定式的执行者，不定式用主动。 如果句子的主语不是不定式的执行者，不定式用被动。 Have you got anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？
“Have you got anything to be sent?” said the secretary.
• 带“to”的短语不一定都是动词不 定式，比如 according to, stick to, listen to, pay attention to, lead to, look forward to, get down to,object to, stick to,be used to 等。“ to” 在上述短语中 作介词，后接名词，代词或动名 词。
有些动词如
make, let, have, see, find,watch,observe,notice, listen to, hear, feel 与不带to的不定式连用，但 改为被动语态时，不定式要加to
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road. get sth/sb. to do
We plan to pay a visit. He seems to know a lot. The meeting to be held tomorrow is put off. The teacher ordered the work to be done. To catch the first bus, he got up early.
动词不定式
1．不定式的形式：（以动词do为例）
主动
一般式 to do
被动
to be done
进行式
完成式
to be doing
to have done to have been done
否定式：not + to do
（1）一般式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发 生或发生在谓语动词动作之后
To teach English is my job.
object
• To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects.
adverbial
• But if, like Hawking, they are studying something that is too large or too difficult to observe directly, they will use a model to test the theory. adverbial
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
④表程度： It's too dark for us to see anything. The question is simple for him to answer.
C “I’m poor!” 4.To go to the ball with just a flower is ____
A. say B. saying C. to say D. to saying
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
• But in order to get married, I needed a job, and in order to get a job, I needed a PhD. adverbial
• He continued his exploration of the universe and traveled around the world to give lectures. adverbial
• Since then, Hawking has continued to seek answer to questions about the nature of the universe. object
• Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand. adverbial