广东土地复垦110816

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组织实施土地复垦项目
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加强土地复垦项目监督检查
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验收土地复垦项目
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开展土地复垦后评价
7 建立土地复垦项目信息管理系统
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对 生 产 建 设 活 动 损 毁 土 地 复 垦 的 管 理 职 责
2021/4/9
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审查土地复垦方案
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开展土地复垦监测
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加强土地复垦监督检查
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做好土地复垦验收
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代复垦及后评价管理
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建立土地复垦信息管理系统
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国外土地复垦典型经验
国外的法律体系完善
美国1977年《露天采矿与复垦法》 颁布前已废弃的矿区，由国家通过建立复垦基金的方式组织 恢复治理。 颁布后出现的土地和环境破坏，按照“谁破坏，谁复垦”的 原则进行复垦
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美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等矿业大国都 将土地复垦方案纳入采矿许可审查
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复垦成基本农田（Peabody’s many reclamation programs include
restoring prime farmland. Making sure that crop yields exceed premining harvests ）产量要高于复垦前水平
2021/4/9
Aerial Photographs. Aerial photographs or maps prepared on an aerial photo base may be used to supplement the information presented in graphic form. The Department reserves the right to reject aerial photographs on the basis of their being out of date, of poor quality, of improper scale or for other reasons which render them unsatisfactory for the required purpose.
Mining and Reclamation Methods. The applicant‘s mining and reclamation plans shall describe the mining method as designated by the applicant on the basis of current or anticipated mining practices, and the reclamation method, having as its objective the preparation of the affected land for a future productive use. The proposed method of operating a mine and the method of reclaiming the affected land to achieve the applicant’s land-use objective shall be compatible with sound environmental management practices. After the Department has issued a mining permit, the permittee shall not deviate or depart from the mined land-use plan without approval by the Department.（方案不能变更）
土地复垦实施管理要求
二Ｏ一一年八月 广东
提纲
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国土部门土地复垦监管职责
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国内外土地复垦典型案例
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土地复垦实施监管要求
2021/4/9
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自然灾害损毁土地
国
土
部
门
土
地
县级以上人民政府
复 垦
土地复垦专项规划
的
土地复垦项目
管
理
职 责
编 制 设 计 书
项 目 实 施
2021/4/9
土地复垦
生产建设活动损毁土地
2021/4/910 Nhomakorabea严格、苛刻的审查制度 充分的公共参与
Before a company can begin extracting coal, a multitude of government permits – federal, state and local – are required. The process of obtaining these permits is time-consuming and costly, requiring painstaking analyses of the mining site. Once all the necessary information is compiled – a process that can take three years or longer （至少三年，以便使公众有充分的时间了 解资讯）– the coal company files for a permit application. The law requires that a period of time then be allowed for public review and comment so that citizen concerns are adequately addressed. Additionally, a coal operator must post a performance bond sufficient to cover the cost of restoring the site to assure reclamation (ranging as high as $10,000 per acre). This must be done before a permit can be granted. The bond is not finally released until the final revegetation of the site has been determined to be successful – this time period could be up to ten years following reclamation.
An applicant for a Mined Land Reclamation Permit must submit a Mined Land Use Plan which includes: （申请采矿许可必须提交土地复垦方案）
1、an outline of the mining property and the affected land,矿区的描述 2、the applicant‘s mining plan, and 采矿方案 3、the applicant’s reclamation plan.复垦方案 核心；采矿工艺与复垦方法（Mining and Reclamation Methods
2021/4/9
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Questa
矿 土 地 复 垦 方 案
2021/4/9
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土地复垦计划主要内容：
1、在采矿之前的土地条件：（1）土地的当 前用途及利用方式（2）按照土壤和相关基础 特征、地形、植被等，该土地可能的用途和利 用方式。如可能，最好提供土壤调查报告。（ 3）土地生产力，如果是基本农田，还应加以 细分，包括在高水平的管理下，食物、纤维、 草料、木产品等农副产品的生产力。
2、复垦后土地利用方式及其支持不同利用方 式的能力，与当前土地利用政策和计划的关系
2021/，4/9 以及土地所有者、州政府和当地政府及其代9
Maps. The mined land-use plan shall be presented in a combination of graphic (map) and written (text or narrative) formats. The information to be presented in graphic form shall be submitted on a United States Geological Survey 7½-minute quadrangle sheet (unless unmapped at the 7½-minute scale, in which case a 15minute sheet will suffice) which has been enlarged to a scale not to exceed 1" = 660' (preferably 1" = 200'). An equivalent map may be utilized and must be prepared by an engineer, geologist, licensed land surveyor or other person trained in such plan and map preparation.
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设立年度优秀复垦奖（best practices）
美国
2021/4/9
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优秀复垦奖
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边开采，边复垦
加拿大
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重金属污染废弃地进行植物修复
植物固定 植物固定(phytostabilization)是耐性植物利用其自身的机械稳定