Chapter_4(2)_
chapter4 (2)
• 昆曲
• 昆曲
• 昆曲
• Qinqiang (秦腔, Qínqiāng) or Luantan (Luà n) ntá is the representative folk Chinese opera of the northwest Province of Shaanxi, China, where it was called Qin thousands of years ago. Its melodies were originated from the rural areas of ancient Shaanxi and Gansu. The word itself means "the tune or sound of Qin". • The genre uses the bangzi (woodblock) as one of the accompanying instruments, from which it derives its other name, Bangzi opera. Bangzi tune is the oldest, most affluent opera tune in China's Four Great Characteristic Melodies.
• The texts of yue opera are based on romantic love stories, and they do not include acrobatics or fighting scenes. In yue opera, stage properties and light effects are used and the costumes imitate the light-colored clothes, fashionable at the beginning of this century in China. The most famous plays performed in Shaoxing style are ”Liang Shanpo and Zhu Yingtai”, which is a kind of Chinese version of ”Romeo and Juliet”, and the love dramas "The Dream of a Red Chamber" and "The Romance of a Western Chamber".
九年级英语Chapter 4 Fishing with birds Reading 2沈阳牛津版知识
九年级英语Chapter 4 Fishing with birdsReading 2某某牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Chapter 4 Fishing with birdsReading 2［学习过程］一、本讲主要内容（一）课文语言点归纳（二）课后练习总结二、本周知识总结与归纳（一）课文语言点归纳1. on the side of the river2. with something somewhereWang Daming sits on the side of the river cooking a meal, with a large bird on his head.3. of average heightHe is thin, and of average height, but he is very fit.4. be used to do sth. be used to sth/doing sth used to do sthTheir large feet are used to push them quickly through the water.She is used to getting up early in the morning.Grand ma used to be a teacher. And now she is retired.5. requireDaming doesn’t require nets or a fishing rod to catch fish.require doing sth=require to be donerequirement n.We have a lot of requirement of food.6. set off=set outDaming sets off on his bamboo raft with his birds.7. reach the right placereach=get to=arrive in (at)8. so that=in order thatA piece of grass is tied around the neck of each bird, so that it can not swallow the fish.9. be frightenedThe fish are frightened by this.frighten v. frightening adj.10. hang v. (hung, hung )At night, a light is hung from the front of the raft.11. enable sb to do sthThis enables the fisherman to see better, and also attracts the fish.12. attract v. attraction n. attractive adj.13. remove sth fromThe fish are then removed from the birds’ mouths by the fisherman.14. the rest… the rest are divided between Daming’s family and the birds.15. be interested in= be interested to doFew young people are interested in doing such type of work in the modern world.16. no more=not… any longerIn fifty years, perhaps there will be no more cormorant fisherman in the world.（二）课后练习总结C1 Find these words in the article. Then read the words around them and choose the best meaning.1. fitA. healthy, able to work hardB. fat from eating too muchC. brown, with dark skin2. control (his raft)A. carry it on his backB. make it go where he wantsC. build it from pieces of wood3. requireA. makeB. sellC. need4. bangsA. movesB. hitsC. jumps into5. is hungA. is fixedB. is thrownC. is switched6. removed fromA. put intoB. dropped fromC. taken out ofC2 Find the words in Column A in the article, and then match them with the meaning in Column B.A B1. of average height a. new, recent2. elderly b. done for many years in the same way3. sets off c. helps, allows4. traditional d. not tall and not short5. modern e. starts (to go somewhere)6. enables f. older than about 60D1 Each of these sentences has one incorrect word or number. Cross out the mistake and write down the correct word or number. Look back at the article carefully to check your answers.1. Wang Daming sometimes sits with a large fish on his head. bird2. Daming is over 56 now, but he works every day. 653. Cormorants are large, black birds, about a kilometer long. metre4. Cormorants use their wings to push them through the water. feet5. Daming often goes fishing in the morning. afternoon6. He ties a piece of grass around the neck of each fish. bird7. At night, he has a fire on his raft so that he can see better. light8. The fish are removed from the fishermen’s mouths. birds’D2 What do the words in italics below refer to? Look back at the article to find out. Choose the right answers.1. That is done for him…A. Catching fishB. Using a net or fishing rod2. The fish are frightened by this.A. the jumping and bangingB. a large cormorant3. This enables the fisherman…A. The raftB. The light【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）一、根据提示写单词1. I’m neither tall nor short for my age.2. We started our journey early in the morning.3. My uncle goes fishing on a very small thing like a boat.4. I took out my books from my bag.5. This is a bird that catches fish.6. This is a plant that we can use to make rafts.7. This is a long piece of wood.8. This is a long piece of wood with string for catching fish.9. Why don’t we fix this picture on the wall?10. We live in a very new flat.11. I hit my squash racket against the wall.12. Cormorant fishing is a very old way to catch fish.二、单项选择A）选择与句中画线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。
生化危机2——三块石板
⽣化危机2——三块⽯板
C h a p t e r4-2
1-前⾛来到中央的⽯板处，调查后提⽰需要3块⽯板，
2-先⾛左侧，左⾛进⼊剧情，剧情后⼤量丧⼫出现，⼀路清过去，尽头处即可拿到鱼之⽯板
3-拿到后丧⼫会再次出现，可以选择⽆视，也可以选择清场，看个⼈选择，不过为了以后还是留些弹药吧
4-来到右侧，注意⼴场有激光扫射，不要被扫到，看准时机过去，来到尽头处可以拿到兽之⽯板，同样这边⼀路也有不少丧⼫来凑热闹
5-返回⼴场，来到左上⾓，来到尽头处(图3)把⿊妹扔过去，让她去拿最后⼀块⽯板，拿到后马上把她叫回来
6-之后原来返回⼴场，把3块⽯板全装上去，之后⼀路直⾛开门进去，直⾛开门来到机关房
7-第⼀层，转动左上⾓的转盘即可(逆时针2次)成功后俩⼈⼀起站上去来到第⼆层
8-先把中间的⼩柱⼦踢到，然后转动(图4)的柱⼦，转成图4⾥的样⼦即可
9-跑到(图5)的位置，踢到柱⼦，然后来到(图6)的位置转动柱⼦(逆时针⼀次)即可成功
10-第三层只需要动中间的跟⾓落的就可以，⾮常⾮常简单，成功后站
上⾥边的台阶进⼊剧情
11-剧情后C h a p t e r4-2结束
逗游⽹——中国2亿游戏⽤户⼀致选择的”⼀站式“游戏服务平台。
《英语修辞学》第四章2
• 7. The police noticed some discrepancies in his description of the crime and did not believe him. • 8. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a catastrophe that destroyed most of the city. • 9. Deep in her book, Nancy was oblivious to the noisy squabbles of her brother and his friends. • 10. Times of economic hardship inevitably encourage the proliferation of countless get-rich-quick schemes. • 11. Freddy was so overwhelmed by the profusion of choices on the menu that he knocked over his wine glass and soaked his host. • 12. For many years an unheralded research, Barbara McClintock gained international renown when she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. • 13. Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech. • 14. On the castle battlements, an apparition materialized and spoke to Hamlet, warning him of his uncle’s treachery. • 15. Mark refused to concede that she was right.
风险管理4-2风险衡量
• μ±2.58σ范围内的面积占99%
例3；某地若干年间夏季出现暴雨共84次，每次暴雨以 一天计算，一个夏季（5~9月）共153天。表每次暴雨 造成的损失频率分布表，试估算下次暴雨的（1）期望 损失；（2）损失额落在什么区间的概率为95%；（3） 损失额大于100万的概率的多大？
（1）用损失资料的平均值去估计正态分布的数学期望
B、样本容量较小，总体为正态分布，但 未知， 估计总体均值
由于 未知，用样本标准差代替，则统计量 则区间估计如下：
x t t (n 1) s/ n
x P( t t / 2 ) P( t / 2 ) P( X t / 2s/ n X t / 2s/ n ) 1 s/ n
7
10万份保单的观察结果
索赔次数 0 1 2 3 4 保单数 88585 10577 779 54 4 88411 10890 671 27 1 拟合频数 泊松分布 负二项分布 88597 10544 806 50 3
5 总保单数
1 100000
8
——
——
（二）每次事故的损失金额
风险事故发生的次数是离散型随机变量，全部可能发生的 次数与其相应的概率都可以一一列举出来，但每次风险事 故所致的损失金额一般来说不能全部列举，它是连续型随 机变量，只可以在某一区间取值，只可以确定在某一区间 的概率，而不是某一特定值的概率。 估测每次事故的损失金额，我们主要利用正态分布、对 数正态分布等，计算出一次事故中损失金额可能取值的范 围及其概率。
Chapter4-2 风险衡量的数量方法
损失资料的收集与整理 损失资料的描述 本章 主要内容 风险衡量指标 损失频率与损失幅度的估算 获得损失分布的一般过程 年度总损失分布及随机模拟
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter4
Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication BarriersI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. understand Intercultural Communication Barriers.2. understand some barriers caused by emotional problems and attitudinal problems.3. analyze various reasons for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping,prejudice and racism.4. perceive and deal with some barriers caused by translation problems.II. Contents1. Keywords(1) Anxiety: It occurs because of not knowing what one is expected to do, and focusing on thatfeeling and not be totally present in the communication transaction.（焦虑：当人们不知道如何迎合他人对自己的期待，过多的关注自己情绪以至不能全心投入到交际事物中去时，就会产生焦虑。
）(2) Uncertainty: It refers to our cognitive inability to explain our own or other’s feelings andbehaviors in interactions because of an ambiguous situation that evokes anxiety. (不确定：不确定是指人们无法从认知的角度去解释交际活动中自己或他人的感觉及行为，这种认知角度解释能力的欠缺是某种引起焦虑的含糊情境导致的。
Chapter 2_4
Chapter 2The village of Marlott lay amid the north-eastern undulations of the beautiful Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor aforesaid, an engirdled and secluded region, for the most part untrodden as yet by tourist or landscape-painter, though within a four hours' journey from London.It is a vale whose acquaintance is best made by viewing it from the summits of the hills that surround it - except perhaps during the droughts of summer. An unguided ramble into its recesses in bad weather is apt to engender dissatisfaction with its narrow, tortuous, and miry ways.This fertile and sheltered tract of country, in which the fields are never brown and the springs never dry, is bounded on the south by the bold chalk ridge that embraces the prominences ofHambledon Hill, Bulbarrow, Nettlecombe-Tout, Dogbury, High Stoy, and Bubb Down. The traveller from the coast, who, after plodding northward for a score of miles over calcareous downs and corn-lands, suddenly reaches the verge of one of these escarpments, is surprised and delighted to behold, extended like a map beneath him, a country differing absolutely from that which he has passed through. Behind him the hills are open, the sun blazes down upon fields so large as to give an unenclosed character to the landscape, the lanes are white, the hedges low and plashed, the atmosphere colourless. Here, in the valley, the world seems to be constructed upon a smaller and more delicate scale; the fields are mere paddocks, so reduced that from this height their hedgerows appear a network of dark green threads overspreading the paler green of the grass. The atmosphere beneath is languorous, and is so tinged with azurethat what artists call the middle distance partakes also of that hue, while the horizon beyond is of the deepest ultramarine. Arable lands arc few and limited; with but slight exceptions the prospect is a broad rich mass of grass and trees, mantling minor hills and dales within the major. Such is the Vale of Blackmoor.The district is of historic, no less than of topographical interest. The Vale was known in former times as the Forest of White Hart, from a curious legend of King Henry III's reign, in which the killing by a certain Thomas de la Lynd of a beautiful white hart which the king had run down and spared, was made the occasion of a heavy fine. In those days, and till comparatively recent times, the country was densely wooded. Even now, traces of its earlier condition are to be found in the old oak copses and irregular belts of timber that yetsurvive upon its slopes, and the hollow-trunked trees that shade so many of its pastures.The forests have departed, but some old customs of their shades remain. Many, however, linger only in a metamorphosed or disguised form. The May-Day dance, for instance, was to be discerned on the afternoon under notice, in the guise of the club revel, or `club-walking', as it was there called.It was an interesting event to the younger inhabitants of Marlott, though its real interest was not observed by the participators in the ceremony. Its singularity lay less in the retention of a custom of walking in procession and dancing on each anniversary than in the members being solely women. In men's clubs such celebrations were, though expiring, less uncommon; but either the natural shyness of the softer sex, or a sarcastic attitude on the part of male relatives, had denudedsuch women's clubs as remained (if any other did) of this their glory and consummation. The club of Marlott alone lived to uphold the local Cerealia. It had walked for hundreds of years, if not as benefit-club, as votive sisterhood of some sort; and it walked still.The banded ones were all dressed in white gowns - a gay survival from Old Style days, when cheerfulness and May-time were synonyms - days before the habit of taking long views had reduced emotions to a monotonous average. Their first exhibition of themselves was in a processional march of two and two round the parish. Ideal and real clashed slightly as the sun lit up their figures against the green hedges and creeper-laced house-fronts; for, though the whole troop wore white garments, no two whites were among them. Some approached pure blanching; some were all had a bluish pallor; some wornby the older characters (which had possibly lain by folded for many a year) inclined to a cadaverous tint, and to a Georgian style.In addition to the distinction of a white frock, every woman and girl carried in her right hand a peeled willow wand, and in her left a bunch of white flowers. The peeling of the former, and the selection of the latter, had been an operation of personal care.There were a few middle-aged and even elderly women in the train, their silver-wiry hair and wrinkled faces, scourged by time and trouble, having almost a grotesque, certainly a pathetic, appearance in such a jaunty situation. In a true view, perhaps, there was more to be gathered and told of each anxious and experienced one, to whom the years were drawing nigh when she should say, `I have no pleasure in them', than of her juvenilecomrades. But let the elder be passed over here for those under whose bodices the life throbbed quick and warm.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hair reflected in the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, un-accustomed to many eyes.And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for her soul to bask in; some dream, some affection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope which, though perhaps starving to nothing, still lived on,as hopes will. Thus they were all cheerful, and many of them merry.They came round by The Pure Drop Inn, and were turning out of the high road to pass through a wicket-gate into the meadows, when one of the women said--`The Lord-a-Lord! Why, Tess Durbeyfield, if there isn't thy father riding hwome in a carriage!'A young member of the band turned her head at the exclamation. She was a fine and handsome girl - not handsomer than some others, possibly - but her mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes added eloquence to colour and shape. She wore a red ribbon in her hair, and was the only one of the white company who could boast of such a pronounced adornment. As she looked round Durbeyfield was seen moving along the road in a chaise belonging to The Pure Drop, driven by a frizzle-headed brawny damsel withher gown-sleeves rolled above her elbows. This was the cheerful servant of that establishment, who, in her part of factotum, turned groom and ostler at times. Durbeyfield, leaning back, and with his eyes closed luxuriously, was waving his hand above his head, and singing in a slow recitative--`I've-got-a-gr't-family-vault-at-Kingsbere - andknighted-forefathers-in-lead-coffins-there!'The clubbists tittered, except the girl called Tess - in whom a slow heat seemed to rise at the sense that her father was making himself foolish in their eyes.`He's tired, that's all,' she said hastily, `and he has got a lift home, because our own horse has to rest to-day.'`Bless thy simplicity, Tess,' said her companions. `He's got his market-nitch. Haw-haw!'`Look here; I won't walk another inch with you, if you say anyjokes about him!' Tess cried, and the colour upon her cheeks spread over her face and neck. In a moment her eyes grew moist, and her glance drooped to the ground. Perceiving that they had really pained her they said no more, and order again prevailed. Tess's pride would not allow her to turn her head again, to learn what her father's meaning was, if he had any; and thus she moved on with the whole body to the enclosure where there was to be dancing on the green. By the time the spot was reached she had recovered her equanimity, and tapped her neighbour with her wand and talked as usual.Tess Durbeyfield at this time of her life was a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience. The dialect was on her tongue to some extent, despite the village school: the characteristic intonation of that dialect for this district being the voicing approximately rendered by the syllable UR,probably as rich an utterance as any to be found in human speech. The pouted-up deep red mouth to which this syllable was native had hardly as yet settled into its definite shape, and her lower lip had a way of thrusting the middle of her top one upward, when they closed together after a word.Phases of her childhood lurked in her aspect still. As she walked along to-day, for all her bouncing handsome womanliness, you could sometimes see her twelfth year in her cheeks, or her ninth sparkling from her eyes; and even her fifth would flit over the curves of her mouth now and then.Yet few knew, and still fewer considered this. A small minority, mainly strangers, would look long at her in casually passing by, and grow momentarily fascinated by her freshness, and wonder if they would ever see her again: but to almost everybody she was a fine and picturesque country girl, and no more.Nothing was seen or heard further of Durbeyfield in his triumphal chariot under the conduct of the ostleress, and the club having entered the allotted space, dancing began. As there were no men in the company the girls danced at first with each other, but when the hour for the close of labour drew on, the masculine inhabitants of the village, together with other idlers and pedestrians, gathered round the spot, and appeared inclined to negotiate for a partner.Among these on-lookers were three Young men of a superior class, carrying small knapsacks strapped to their shoulders, and stout sticks in their hands. Their general likeness to each other, and their consecutive ages, would almost have suggested that they might be, what in fact they were, brothers. The eldest wore the white tie, high waistcoat, and thin-brimmed hat of the regulation curate; the second was the normal undergraduate; theappearance of the third and youngest would hardly have been sufficient to characterize him; there was an uncribbed, uncabined aspect in his eyes and attire, implying that he had hardly as yet found the entrance to his professional groove. That he was a desultory tentative student of something and everything might only have been predicted of him.These three brethren told casual acquaintance that they were spending their Whitsun holidays in a walking tour through the Vale of Blackmoor, their course being south-westerly from the town of Shaston on the north-east.They leant over the gate by the highway, and inquired as to the meaning of the dance and the white-frocked maids. The two elder of the brothers were plainly not intending to linger more than a moment, but the spectacle of a bevy of girls dancing without male partners seemed to amuse the third, and make him in no hurryto move on. He unstrapped his knapsack, put it, with his stick, on the hedge-bank, and opened the gate.`What are you going to do, Angel?' asked the eldest.`I am inclined to go and have a fling with them. Why not all of us - just for a minute or two - it will not detain us long?' `No - no; nonsense!' said the first. `Dancing in public with a troop of country hoydens - suppose we should be seen! Come along, or it will be dark before we get to Stourcastle, and there's no place we can sleep at nearer than that; besides, we must get through another chapter of A Counterblast to Agnosticism before we turn in, now I have taken the trouble to bring the book.'`All right - I'll overtake you and Cuthbert in five minutes; don't stop; I give my word that I will, Felix.'The two elder reluctantly left him and walked on taking theirbrother's knapsack to relieve him in following, and the youngest entered the field.`This is a thousand pities,' he said gallantly, to two or three of the girls nearest him, as soon as there was a pause in the dance.`Where are your partners, my dears?'`They've not left off work yet,' answered one of the boldest. `They'll be here by and by. Till then, will you be one, sir?' `Certainly. But what's one among so many!'`Better than none. 'Tis melancholy work facing and footing it to one of your own sort, and no clipsing and colling at all. Now, pick and choose.'`'Ssh - don't be so for'ard!' said a shyer girl.The young man, thus invited, glanced them over, and attempted some discrimination; but, as the group were all so new to him,he could not very well exercise it. He took almost the first that came to hand, which was not the speaker, as she had expected; nor did it happen to be Tess Durbeyfield. Pedigree, ancestral skeletons, monumental record, the d'Urberville lineaments, did not help Tess in her life's battle as yet, even to the extent of attracting to her a dancing-partner over the heads of the commonest peasantry. So much for Norman blood unaided by Victorian lucre.The name of the eclipsing girl, whatever it was, has not been handed down; but she was envied by all as the first who enjoyed the luxury of a masculine partner that evening. Yet such was the force of example that the village young men, who had not hastened to enter the gate while no intruder was in the way, now dropped in quickly, and soon the couples became leavened with rustic youth to a marked extent, till at length theplainest woman in the club was no longer compelled to foot it on the masculine side of the figure.The church clock struck, when suddenly the student said that he must leave - he had been forgetting himself - he had to join his companions. As he fell out of the dance his eyes lighted on Tess Durbeyfield, whose own large orbs wore, to tell the truth, the faintest aspect of reproach that he had not chosen her. He, tool was sorry then that, owing to her backwardness, he had not observed her; and with that in his mind he left the pasture.On account of his long delay he started in a flying-run down the lane westward, and had soon passed the hollow and mounted the next rise. He had not yet overtaken his brothers, but he paused to get breath, and looked back. He could see the white figures of the girls in the green enclosure whirling about asthey had whirled when he was among them. They seemed to have quite forgotten him already.All of them, except, perhaps, one. This white shape stood apart by the hedge alone. From her position he knew it to be the pretty maiden with whom he had not danced. Trifling as the matter was, he yet instinctively felt that she was hurt by his oversight. He wished that he had asked her; he wished that he had inquired her name. She was so modest, so expressive, she had looked so soft in her thin white gown that he felt he had acted stupidly. However, it could not be helped, and turning, and bending himself to a rapid walk, he dismissed the subject from his mind.在前面说过的美丽的布莱克莫尔谷或者叫做黑荒原谷东北部起伏不平的谷地中间，坐落着马洛特村。
Chapter 4 -2句子翻译之语序调
• 一霎那，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘 的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛苦起来. • In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
• 1. 句内主要成分位置的调整 • 2. 状语位置的调整 • 3. 一系列表示时间、地点、方式状 语位置的调整 • 4. 定语位置的调整
中国批评界怎样பைடு நூலகம்趋势，我却不大了解，也不 很注意。 • I am not too clear, not too interested,either, regarding current trends in China’s literary criticism. 父亲母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.
五． 原文若是形容词、名词、数量词或介 词短语作谓语，译文中常常采用系表 结构
你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效， 经久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生 使用。 You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and high-efficient, economical and practical for high school students.
• 救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。 • Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism.
Chapter_4_Laws_of_Motion2
' Fg Fg
Forces Acting on an Object
Newton’s Law uses the forces acting on an object n and Fg are acting on the object ' n ' and Fgare acting on other objects
Characteristics
Newton’s First Law
An object moves with a velocity that is constant in magnitude and direction, unless acted on by a nonzero net force
very tiny objects (< atomic sizes) objects moving near the speed of light
Forces
Usually think of a force as a push or pull Vector quantity May be a contact force or a field force
Chapter 4
The Laws of Motion
Classical Mechanics
Describes the relationship between the motion of objects in our everyday world and the forces acting on them Conditions when Classical Mechanics does not apply
Chapter 1_ unit 4 (2)
e.g.(1) You’re telling me. You’ (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.)
e.g.(1) You’re telling me. You’ (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.) 我早知道了. /还用你告诉我 还用你告诉我! 我早知道了. /还用你告诉我!
e.g. dry goods 纺织品 wet goods 酒类产品 dry state 美国）禁酒洲, （美国）禁酒洲, dry law 美国） （美国）禁酒法令 white wine 白葡萄酒, 白葡萄酒, dry white wine 干白葡萄酒
(3) “三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。”这就 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东： 。（毛泽东 是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东： 组织起来） 组织起来） “Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chukeh Liang the mastermind.” In other words, mastermind. the masses have great creative power.
2. Bicultural Competence Cultural competence refers to the knowledge and ability possessed by the translator which permit him to create communicative acts---acts---discourse-----discourse------ which are not only grammatical but socially appropriate.
《英语》（基础模块）第二册
《英语》（基础模块）第二册Chapter 4“Lesson 2 How Was the Weather?”教学设计公共基础教学部邓伟锐一、教学内容分析本设计选用的教材为《英语》基础模块第二册（高等教育出版社）的Chapter 4Lesson 2“ How Was the Weather?”的部分内容进行设计。
该课的中心话题为weather，贴近生活，教学难度适中，可参与性很强，便于学生理解。
目标语言“How is the weather?”也比较容易掌握，因此教学重点是锻炼他们的写和听说能力。
sunny，rainy，cloudy，windy等用来形容天气的词汇比较简单，贴近生活。
本课学习着重锻炼学生掌握常见类型天气的表达法以及初步了解一些关于天气的自然景象。
二、教学对象分析1.教学对象分析：教学对象为10-15班的学生，该班同学为中职一年级的学生，其专业为“汽车运用与维修”。
本班学生层次不一，大部分学生的英语基础知识比较薄弱，语言运用能力较低，缺乏学习的主动性，在一定程度上影响了英语教学。
但是，大部分同学思维活跃，个性活泼，能积极地配合老师；有强烈的表达自己，发表意见，并被别人肯定的欲望，但缺乏自信和勇气。
2.教学对象的原有英语水平分析：为了帮助教师更有针对性地对学生进行教学，在lesson 2这一课书之前教师设计了一份前测题给学生进行摸底测试，这份前测题从V ocabulary, Grammar, Performance三个部分入手了解学生对本课所学知识原有的认知基础。
同时，也能让教师了解每位学生在单词、语法、综合运用能力等三方面所处的不同层次。
因此在教学过程中选择合适的内容，针对不同层次的学生，采取不同梯度地进行设计，激发学生兴趣，鼓励他们大胆开口说英语，力求每位同学都有一定程度地提高。
三、教学目标1.认知目标①运用一般过去时谈论过去的假期及天气情况。
②运用sunny，rainy，cloudy，windy等形容词恰当地描述天气，能用所学句型“How is the weather?”“How was the weather?”进行简单的日常会话。
电气工程专业英语section 4-2
Section 2
Performance Characteristics of Induction Motors
region. Slip values for speeds above synchronous speed are negative, as is evident from Eq.(4-3). Operation in the generating region results from overhauling loads or from the motor being driven by a prime mover. For induction generating action to occur, the machine must have a source of leading exciting current. This leading excitation can be supplied from the power system if the motor is connected to such a system, or it can be provided by capacitors of appropriate value connected across the motor terminals. In recent years, induction
风力发电机
Return
Addition or Omission of Words
3. 增加表示动词时态的词 汉语中动词没有时态变化，需要在译文中增加时 间副词或助词来表示英语里的不同时态。通常在翻译 现在时，可增添“能”、“可”、“会”等字；译将 来时可增添“将”、“要”、“会”等字；译过去时 可增添“已”、“曾”、“过”、“了”、“以前”、 “当时”、“过去”等词；译完成式可增添“已 （经）”、“曾（经）”、“了”、“过”、“一直” 等词；译进行时可增添“正（在）”、“在”等词。 (1) Scientists are working to develop new ways to make the semiconductor material used in computers and other modern electronic devices. 科学家们正在研 究新的方法制造用于计算机和其他现代电子仪器中的
Chapter4Chapter4英汉对比与翻译（二）
Chapter4Chapter4英汉对比与翻译（二）Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese (Part II) Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately.Main Language points:Comparative studies of syntactic structure in Chinese and EnglishDifficult teaching points: hypotactic & paratactic; subject-prominent & topic prominent; static & dynamic.Teaching references:1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社，20022. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社；彭长江. 英汉－汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社；3. 陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，2004Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice1. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合)As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so fa r as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis.Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives;Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them;Examples:1. That is our policy and that is our declaration.—— W. Churchill这就是我们的国策。
chapter 4 sliding mode control (2)
降阶滑模运动方程 :
x t I B CB 1 C Ax t Cx t 0, t ts
若对不确定系统，假设(A,B)是可控的，且不确定性f(t,x)满
足匹配条件，则可经线性非奇异变换 z Tx 将其化为简约型: n-m m
化为相坐标法
消除约束法和化为相坐标法简便易行，可以推广到更复
杂的系统。
等效控制法：实质是基于公式化的步骤，可以直接求得
滑动模态的方程。
要点：令基于所研究系统而确定的函数Si(x) (i=1，2，…,m) 的导数为0，将所得的方程组对控制向量求解，这个解叫等效
控制 ueq ，把等效控制带入原系统，所得到的方程就是理想滑
ì z1 (t ) = A11 z1 (t ) + A12 z2 (t ) ï& ï ï ï& í z2 (t ) = A21 z1 (t ) + A22 z2 (t ) + B2 (u (t ) + x (t )) ï ï ï S = Cz (t ) = C z (t ) + C z (t ) ï 1 1 2 2 ï î
滑动模态呈抖动形式，在光滑的抖动上叠加了自振。
4.3 Chattering
Basic reasons: • 切换装置不可避免地存在惯性，滑模系统在不同的控 制逻辑中来回切换，导致实际系统的剧烈抖动，从而 成为实际应用中的一大障碍。 • 固定空间滞后
• 离散控制中采样
• 未建模动力学影响
4.3 Chattering
S x Cx CAx CBu 0
可得等效控制
ueq t CB CAx t
Chapter_4_Linear_Regression_Model_v2(高级计量经济学第二章)
(2)
yi
is the sum of two parts, a deterministic part and the random
εi
. Our objective is to estimate the unknown parameters of the model, use the data
to study the validity of the theoretical propositions, and perhaps use the model to predict the variable y. How we proceed from here depends crucially on what we assume about the stochastic process that has led to our observations of the data in hand.
yi = xi β + εi .
Subscripts
(5)
xi
is a
i and t will generally be used to denote rows (observations) of X. In equation (5), column vector that is the transpose of the ith 1 × K row of X.
y = f (x1 , x2 , ..., xK ) + ε = x1 β1 + x2 β2 + ... + xK βK + ε,
where
(1)
x1 , ..., xK are the independent or explanatory variables. One's theory will specify f (x1 , x2 , ..., xK ). This function is commonly called the population regression equation of y on x1 , ..., xK . In this setting, y is the regressand and xk , k = 1, ..., and K are the regressors or covariates. The term ε is a random disturbance. We assume that each observation in a sample (yi , xi1 , xi2 , ..., xik ), i = 1, ..., n, is generated
生化危机5Chapter3-4详尽图文攻略-生化危机5图文攻略
生化危机5Chapter3-4详尽图文攻略|生化危机5图文攻略生化危机5游戏出了!!想必各位玩家已经玩家迫不及待的想去试试了吧，在此给各位玩家带来了Chapter 3-4详尽的图文攻略哦。
Chapter 3-11-本关开始先是连续的剧情，回忆剧情里W哥登场，这里的剧情演出只能用华丽来形容2-剧情后前走捡起尸体旁边的石板，一共要找到4个，先来到地图提示点位置，拿到石板地图后地图上就会显示石板的位置了3-根据地图提示的位置拿齐4个后回到这里全部安到门上去，之后开门前进(这片河里几个地方都有不少补给跟道具，中央偏左的位置可以拿到RPG，其他宝物跟宝石也有很多，不要错过，把几个地方都走过一遍即可，注意每个地方都有敌人)4-开门前走来到村子(这里有块蓝牌，开门跳下河里后马上回头，即可看到(图1)，这里有不少敌人，其中有几个带头盔的就不用跟它费时间了，直接引到一起用RPG轰掉，这里也有不少道具跟补给品，中央可以拿到左轮，该拿的都拿了就来到右侧尽头5-这里需要俩人合作，控制Chris把桥放下来(图2)，之后黑妹自然就会走过去6-过去后她就会把门打开，开门继续前进，左走跳过去后来到尽头处使用升降梯7-Chapter 3-1结束Chapter 3-21-前走进入剧情，剧情后丧尸出现，这里推荐用狙击枪打，会比较快2-有两波敌人，都干掉后来到中间的位置调查装置进入剧情3-剧情后爬上另一侧的楼梯，一路左走来到尽头，站上船等黑妹4-不一会船开始走了，这时要注意河里的鄂鱼，一出现马上按LT+RT5-到达岸边后前走调查装置(图1)中间的桥放下来了，可以继续前进了6-过桥进入隧道，前走抬头可看到亮点(图2)打下来即可拿到7-一路走来到营地进入剧情，剧情后在2个帐篷的中间有块蓝牌(图3)8-前走开门来到一间旧工厂，左右两端都有敌人，先用狙击枪打掉，然后跳下去9-跳下来后还有一批丧尸冲过来，都解决掉后先上中间的高台，调查装置把火灭了10-火灭了后丧尸军再次出现，都干掉后左右两端还有两个装置，哪边都一样，两边都有电锯狂11-这里推荐用左轮，威力很大，如果钱足够的话多买两发RPG也行了，右边的高台处有感知式爆弹，也可以利用这个12-两边的装置都调查完后工厂的喷火器都关掉了，前走上楼梯又出现一批丧尸军，清光后顺着路走到尽头13-开门进入剧情，剧情后掩护我方队员，这里丧尸比较多，但只要弹药足够的话就没什么威胁14-打一会进入剧情，剧情后可以做电梯了，这里可以选择清光敌人再走，我是清光了再走的15-前走一会进入剧情，还是掩护，这里丧尸非常多，不过也是拼弹药，要全灭的话需要非常多的弹药量16-清光了做电梯进入剧情，剧情后前走走上楼梯开门，一路右走来到码头处进入剧情17-剧情开始撤离码头，先回头走到码头尽头，这里有3000，拿完一路走到另一侧的码头即可，一路的丧尸都可以5418-来到另一侧的码头处进入剧情，剧情后Chapter 3-2结束Chapter 3-21-前走进入剧情，剧情后丧尸出现，这里推荐用狙击枪打，会比较快2-有两波敌人，都干掉后来到中间的位置调查装置进入剧情3-剧情后爬上另一侧的楼梯，一路左走来到尽头，站上船等黑妹4-不一会船开始走了，这时要注意河里的鄂鱼，一出现马上按LT+RT5-到达岸边后前走调查装置(图1)中间的桥放下来了，可以继续前进了6-过桥进入隧道，前走抬头可看到亮点(图2)打下来即可拿到7-一路走来到营地进入剧情，剧情后在2个帐篷的中间有块蓝牌(图3)8-前走开门来到一间旧工厂，左右两端都有敌人，先用狙击枪打掉，然后跳下去9-跳下来后还有一批丧尸冲过来，都解决掉后先上中间的高台，调查装置把火灭了10-火灭了后丧尸军再次出现，都干掉后左右两端还有两个装置，哪边都一样，两边都有电锯狂11-这里推荐用左轮，威力很大，如果钱足够的话多买两发RPG也行了，右边的高台处有感知式爆弹，也可以利用这个12-两边的装置都调查完后工厂的喷火器都关掉了，前走上楼梯又出现一批丧尸军，清光后顺着路走到尽头13-开门进入剧情，剧情后掩护我方队员，这里丧尸比较多，但只要弹药足够的话就没什么威胁14-打一会进入剧情，剧情后可以做电梯了，这里可以选择清光敌人再走，我是清光了再走的15-前走一会进入剧情，还是掩护，这里丧尸非常多，不过也是拼弹药，要全灭的话需要非常多的弹药量16-清光了做电梯进入剧情，剧情后前走走上楼梯开门，一路右走来到码头处进入剧情17-剧情开始撤离码头，先回头走到码头尽头，这里有3000，拿完一路走到另一侧的码头即可，一路的丧尸都可以5418-来到另一侧的码头处进入剧情，剧情后Chapter 3-2结束Chapter 3-31-关卡开始后进入剧情，剧情后进入水战(只是站在船上)2-一路都有很多丧尸，走一会进入剧情，剧情后下船来到岸上，饶到另一边调查装置把门打开3-门开了后返回船上继续前进，走一会再次需要开门，上岸饶到另一边把门打开后返回船上4-开门走一会进入剧情，剧情后进入BOSS战(刚开始先用机枪打几下，当BOSS伸出4个触手后要快速打掉，4个触手打掉后不要给它喘息的机会，马上使用甲板后方的重炮攻击BOSS核心部份，打中后进入剧情，剧情后BOSS就会一直呆在船头不停的伸4个触手，这时无视触手直接使用甲板前方的机枪攻击BOSS核心部位，触手打过来时有提示，很容易闪，反复用机枪打几回即可搞定它，注意这里不推荐给黑妹任何弹药，身上别给她留太多，不然她全会浪费掉，不然到了下一关就要从没弹药的状态开始了5-干掉后进入剧情，剧情后Chapter 3-3结束Chapter 4-11-剧情后前走来到地图点位置，开门来到一个遗迹2-前走会出现丧尸，一路来到拐角处进入剧情，剧情后与黑妹暂时分开，这里要快速饶路赶过去救援黑妹，因为敌人非常多3-与黑妹会合后选择无视敌人一路前进到矿车处，调查矿车后俩人一起掉到下层(这里要快速按A)4-左，右，后，都有道具可拿，拿完了再前走开门，开门进入剧情，剧情后先把杂兵清掉，然后来到中央位置转动摇杆来开门，门开启后快速冲过去，速度慢了就要重来，Chris 自己冲过去就算成功，成功后进入剧情5-剧情后前走几步再次进入剧情，剧情后进入QTE状态，按照屏幕提示快速度连打+输入即可，A(跑)X(跳)最后按LT+RT即可6-成功逃脱后进入剧情，剧情后前走来到尽头处，与黑妹合作调查机关，门开启，继续前进来到一片废墟7-中央左侧有重击枪可以拿，左上角的石像需要两个人一起配合来开，可以拿到宝石8-返回下方的石像处，拉动石像后左侧的金色石像的楼梯下来了，同时杂兵出现9-杂兵干掉后来到金色石像前，拉下机关后中央的楼梯下去了，来到左上角的紫色石像处，调查一下后黑妹会在这待机10-来到下一层的左上角调查紫色另一座紫色石像进入剧情，剧情后大量杂兵出现，自己打的话会有点吃力，黑妹叫过来帮忙会快一些11-都解决掉后调查下层的紫色石像，黑妹就自动回到上一层的紫色石像处，等她到位后拉下机关12-拉下机关后右侧挡路的楼梯下去了，走过去来到红色的石像处，拉下红色石像的机关后上层的楼梯可以通过了13-调头走几步进入剧情，剧情进入BOSS战，还是之前打过的那只飞行硬壳虫，这里可以选择无视它，一路顺着楼梯往上走，来到上段楼梯后出现QTE，快速连打A，成功后进入剧情14-剧情后前走开门进入剧情，剧情后Chapter 4-1结束Chapter 4-21-前走来到中央的石板处，调查后提示需要3块石板，2-先走左侧，左走进入剧情，剧情后大量丧尸出现，一路清过去，尽头处即可拿到鱼之石板3-拿到后丧尸会再次出现，可以选择无视，也可以选择清场，看个人选择，不过为了以后还是留些弹药吧4-来到右侧，注意广场有激光扫射，不要被扫到，看准时机过去，来到尽头处可以拿到兽之石板，同样这边一路也有不少丧尸来凑热闹5-返回广场，来到左上角，来到尽头处(图3)把黑妹扔过去，让她去拿最后一块石板，拿到后马上把她叫回来6-之后原来返回广场，把3块石板全装上去，之后一路直走开门进去，直走开门来到机关房。
机械CADChapter 4 Modelling of Solids(2)
4.4.2 Boolean Operators
A solid can be considered as the result of applying Boolean operators to a set of instantiated and transformed CSG primitives. However, simple set operators may create problems as discussed in regularized Boolean operators. Let us just use set operations on following example.
A CSG tree is defined as an inverted ordered binary tree whose leafs are primitives and interior nodes are regularized set operations. The procedure to build the bracket with Boolean operators can be written as: union(diff(trans(block 1), trans(cylinder)), trans(block2)) , where union(A,B) and diff(A,B) are the union and difference of A and B, and trans( ) indicates appropriate transformations This procedure can be converted to a CSG tree of the design, as shown in Fig. 4. 16.
典范英语八年级 第四册 《泰坦尼克号幸存者》译文
典范英语八年级第四册《Titanic Survivor》泰坦尼克号幸存者chapter 14. 人们称我为英雄。
我并不知道，因为在1912年4月15日那天早些时候，有太多英雄。
那年我21岁。
作为一名船上无线电发报员，我工作了近一年了。
4月1号那天，我在泰坦尼克号上开始了新工作。
5. 我在Belfast第一次看到了船，惊叹地无法呼吸。
现在我明白为什么人们称之为“海上皇后”，泰坦尼克是最大的，也是最好的邮轮。
乘客们4月10号从南安普顿登船。
中午时，船出发开往纽约。
6. 泰坦尼克号为头等舱乘客提供舒适的漂浮宾馆和豪华餐厅，图书馆和游泳池。
还有很多其他乘客。
很多人都是单程票，想在美国寻找新生活。
当然，这些人不允许接近高层的头等舱。
7. Jack Phillips 是一位高级无线电发报员。
他和我为富有的乘客发送了很多信息。
我们用摩斯电码发送信息。
有时要捕捉发回的信息很困难。
Jack和我很快成为好友。
这是幸运的事，因为我们住在睡在发报间里！Chapter 2 冰山8. 我们周日的时候特别忙。
4月14号对于Phillips而言是漫长辛苦的一天。
我们收到了前面一些船只关于冰山警告的讯息。
Smith船长知道这些，但他并没有担心——因为在“不会沉没的泰坦尼克上”。
Phillips有太多乘客的信息要发送，他甚至打断了一条有关冰山警告的讯息。
9. 我本该在那天后半夜开始工作，所以早早上床睡了。
事故发生时，我还睡着，浑然不知。
10. 船长过了几分钟回来，告诉我们船要沉了。
“发送求助呼叫，”他阴郁地说。
“是的，马上”Phillips说，他开始用摩斯码发出船的位置信息和求救信息。
“不会沉没的船”就要沉没了，实在难以置信。
11. 我们还没有感到担忧。
“你会看到生平第一座冰山，”Phillips说。
有几艘船回应了我们，但他们都太远了。
当Phillips寻找近一些的船只时，我拿着信息跑到舰桥上，船员开始让乘客登上救生艇。
妇女和儿童先走。
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主讲陶文铨
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院热流中心CFD-NHT-EHT CENTER 2010年9月27日, 西安
数值传热学
第四章扩散方程的数值解及其应用(2)
4.4 求解代数方程的TDMA 及ADI 方法
4.4.1求解一维导热问题代数方程的三对角阵算法
4.4.2求解多维非稳态导热全隐格式的ADI 方法
1.求解方法概述
1.一维导热问题代数方程通用形式
2.Peaceman-Rachford 的ADI 迭代
2.Thomas 算法
3.第一类边界条件的处理
4.4 方法4.4.1 求解一维导热问题代数方程的三对角阵算法
Thomas算法的一般形式将上式改写为：
所谓消元就是要找出系数间的关系。
(b)乘以C
i
P=1
1;
i−−
1,
i=
B D
3.第一类边界条件下Thomas 算法的实施
第一类边界条件下，求解区域为i=2,….M1-1=M2。
将消元公式用于i=1, 注意T 1是给定的：
1121T PT Q =+10;P =11
Q T =因T M1已知，消元从M 2开始：
2212
M M M T P T Q =+注意：采用附加源项法来处理第二类，第三类边界条件时，均将第二类，第三类边界条件问题视为第一类边界条件问题，数学上的处理与此相同。
4.4.2 求解多维导热问题代数方程的方法
求解二维非稳态导热全隐格式代数方程的方法
(1) 五对角阵算法(Penta-diagonal ,PDMA)
(2) 交替方向隐式方法(Alternative-direction
Implicit, ADI)
2. 3-D Peaceman-Rachford方法
将tΔ三等分：
tΔX方向为隐式，
第一个/3
y,z方向为显式式；
第二，三个/3
tΔ分别在
y,z方向实施隐式;
2－D交替方向隐式
u i,j,k , v 表示方向二阶导数的中心差分；
n
T
用von Neumann分析方法可以证明稳定性条件为：
4.5 管道内充分发展对流换热概说4.
5.1管道内充分发展对流换热的定义
1. 简单的充分发展对流换热
2. 复杂的充分发展对流换热
4.5.2能实现充分发展对流换热的边界条件4.5.3部分算例汇总
4.5 管道内充分发展对流换热概说4.
5.1管道内充分发展对流换热的定义
平直通道中的充分发展对流换热属于这一类。
复杂的充分发展对流换热举例
4.5.2能实现充分发展对流换热的边界条件
轴向、周向均为均匀壁温：
4.5.3部分算例汇总
4.6 圆管内充分发展的对流换热4.6.1. 物理与数学模型
4.6.2. 控制方程的无量纲化
4.6.3. 单值性条件分析
4.6.4. 数值求解方法
4.6.
5. 数值求解结果的处理
4.6.6. 求解结果的分析与讨论
4.6
4.6.1. 物理与数学模型
简化假设常物性；
数学描写
）温度场方程
2）边界条件
0,T∂
=
4.6.2. 控制方程的无量纲化
上述抛物型方程仍然是偏微分方程，难以求解；
温度场方程可转化为：
dT
/
Λ称为特征值(eigenvalue)
于是有关于无量纲温度
1的常微分方程如下：
(a)
4.6.3. 单值性条件分析
由于方程与边界条件的齐次性homogeneous)：
从已知条件的角度，在方程中的特征值还有待于确定，才能进行求解。
完整的数学描写为：
1d(a)
4.6.4. 数值求解方法
1(d d ηηη
（2）假定一个初场
）求解一个带非常数源项的一维导热问题，获得
源项的分子分母中均有的分布影响源项，而与的假设值的绝对值关系不大。
2. 根据具体问题中的特征值确定
利用管内对流换热与管外对流换热之间的平衡关系：
Bi影响的分析：1.
据定义：
2. Bi趋于无穷与
Bi趋于无穷通过不断增加数的计算来逼近:
4.7 长方形截面通道内充分发展的对流换热4.7.1 物理与数学模型
4.7.2 控制方程的无量纲化
4.7.3 单值性条件分析
4.7.4 数值计算结果的处理
4.7.5 其它可以计算分析的情形
4.7 长方形截面通道内充分发展的对流换热4.7.1 物理与数学模型
数。
其方程为：
2
2()
w w u x z
∂∂++∂∂0
2. 温度场
(T T λ∂∂∂+000
1. 流场
定义无量纲速度：。