2012.9.1雅思阅读机经
雅思真题 2012年10月13日IELTS机经回忆(网友版)
雅思真题2012年10月13日IELTS机经回忆（网友版）雅思全真试题2012年10月13日IELTS口语阅读机经回忆2012年10月13日雅思口语阅读第一时间回忆回忆1阅读一篇农村地区旅游一篇语言发音的影响因素中间那篇忘了回忆2阅读第一篇美国的两个节日的. 第二篇是生物钟. 第三篇英语的发声变化. 小作文两个线图. 关于东京和悉尼的平均温度的.回忆3阅读matching多。
填空每篇一个。
判断题一个第三片。
求听力8阅读7.5好嘛!!回忆4阅读secrion 1两个美国的乡村节日picnic and cheese s2生物钟s3英语的发音变化回忆5阅读一，没过乡村节，阅读二生物钟，阅读三英语发音，回忆6阅读第三篇是讲语言发音的变化，好像在阅读真经4或是九分达人上做过的2012年10月13日雅思听力第一时间回忆回忆1听力是一个女的想参加drama club了解情况第二个是几个旅游景点有恐龙博物馆冰川好像有个山啥的可以骑马和坐船去第三个是两个学建筑的讨论recycled material的应用第四个是广告我印象中机经上貌似有回忆2section1:好像类似俱乐部还是什么的1.childen不能参加，因为for adults.2.october4-7.matching。
每个月份是什么活动。
选择8是什么剧:comedy9最开始为什么而创作:theater10什么样的人会喜欢，说背景是1960，音乐很好回忆3才考完. 听力S1是机经V100206. S2关于加拿大英属哥伦比亚省的恐龙博物馆的. S3是两个人讨论水泥的. S4是关于广告的.回忆4听力s1 children october college. theater trip(E) drama workshop, outdoor party planning meeting(原文是什么for next...)选择comedy, radio,60s. s2.bones footprint night tour ,这个空没听到。
2012A&G 雅思2012年作文机经 题库
2012 IELTS Writing Task Two1. A 2012.1.7 (Discuss)Some people think the developing country should invite large foreign companies to open office and factory to grow their economies. Other people think the developing country should keep the large company out and develop local company instead. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.not think so. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.3. A 2012.1.12 (Discuss)Some people think that government should establish free libraries in each town. Others, however, believe that it is a waste of money since people can access internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both sides and give your won opinion.4. A 2012.1.14 (Discuss)Some employers consider social skills as important as good qualification for success in a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree?5. A 2012.1.21 (Argue)Many of today's urgent problems can only be solved through international cooperation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?can be better off if they are afraid of their teachers, while some people say students can be better of if they are treated as friends by their teachers. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.7. A 2012.2.4 (Discuss)Some people think that young people should follow the traditional values of their society. Others think that young people should be free to behave as individuals. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.What would be the effect to the society?9. A 2012.2.9 (Argue)Some people think that the spread of multinational companies and the resulting increase in globalization produce positive effects to everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?10. A 2012.2.18 (Argue)Some people think that technologies make our life more complex, and the solution is not to use it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?better to grow up in the countryside. Discuss both views and give your opinion.12. A 2012.2.25 (Argue)Full-time university students spend much time on study. Some people think that it is essential for them to take some other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?In the future, it is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than the younger people in most countries. Is it a positive or negative development?What do you think are major causes? Is this a positive or negative trend?15. A 2012.3.17 (Mix)News media play an important role in modern society. Why are news media so important?Is the influence of news media positive or negative?16. A 2012.3.31 (Discuss)In some culture the old age is highly valued. Other culture the youth is more valued. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.What are the effects for both the parents and the rest family member?18. A 2012.4.14 (Argue)The news reported by the media tends to focus on problems and emergencies rather than on positive developments. Some people think that this trend is harmful to individuals and society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree?20. A 2012.4.21 (Argue)Some people think that planning for the future is a waste of time and it is more important to focus on the present. To what extent do you agree or disagree?children could behave better by being rewarded for their good behaviour. Some others think children could behave better by being punished for their bad behaviour. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.22. A 2012.4.28 (Argue)In modern society, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, or to use animal products for clothing or medicine. To what extent do you agree or disagree?23. A 2012.5.10 (Mix)Consumers are facing an increasing amount of advertising from competing companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertising? What measures should be taken to protect them?24. A 2012.5.12 (Argue)Imprisonment is a common way to deal with the problem of crime, but a more effective solution would be better education. To what extent do you agree or disagree?and waste is created everyday. What problems do this cause to ordinary people? What individuals can do to reduce these problems?Food has become cheaper today because of improved fertilizer and better machinery. However, some believe that this development is dangerous to human health and local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?27. A 2012.5.26 (Discuss)Some people argue that the government should support the funds for the arts, while some other people suggest that the money should be used for public health and education. Discuss both views and give your opinion.all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in the local community. They believe it is good for both individual teenager and society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree?29. A 2012.6.9 (Argue)The news has no connection with most of people’s life and it is therefore a waste of time for most of us to read newspaper and watch television news programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?30.A 2012.6.14 (Argue)Scientific research should be helped or controlled by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?and disadvantages of this?32.A 2012.6.16 (Report)City dwellers hardly socialise with their neighbours today and the sense of community has been lost. Why does this happen and how to solve this problem?for children both at home and at school. What are the problems children may face at home and school? How can parent help their children?34.A 2012.6.30 (Report)Some visitors can take the chance to learn about foreign cultures and traditions when they travel to another country. How can they learn? Why some people can and some cannot?be responsible for those disadvantaged people, such as the unemployed and homeless. Do you agree or disagree?36.A 2012.7.7 (Argue)Advertising can only promote the quantity of products bought by people rather than its quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?37.A 2012.7.12 (Argue)It is better for students to live away from home when they at university than to live with parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic become a problem. What is the cause of that and what actions could be taken to solve the problem?marry, but leave home to study or work elsewhere. Do you think this trend has more advantages or disadvantages?40.A 2012.7.28 (Argue)Arts (painting and music) do not directly improve people’s life, so government should spend money on other important areas. Do you agree or disagree?this bring advantages more than disadvantages to the involved people?42.A 2012.8.4(Discuss)Some people think that 24-hour TV transmission is a positive development, while others it is negative. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.44.A 2012.8.11(Report)Many young people cannot find jobs after graduation nowadays. What problems does it bring to individuals and society? What are the measures that can reduce the level of unemployment of young people?45.A 2012.8.25(Argue)Nowadays, many museums charge for admission. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?47.A 2012.9.1(Discuss)Many countries are spending a huge amount of money on supporting their competitors to take part in some worldwide sports competitions. Some argue that it would be better if these countries can spend money to encouraging children to take part in sports from a young age. To what extent do you agree or disagree?never let them return back to school. Some people believe that this is the efficient way to deal with these students, while others believe that there are better ways. Discuss both view and give you opinion.49.A 2012.9.6(Argue)Some people believe everyone has the right to get university education, so the government should make it free to all people regardless of their financial background. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Government financial support should only put on scientific research rather than other research. To what extent do you agree or disagree?51.A 2012.9.22(Report)In some countries, young people are richer, safer and healthier than before. However, they are unhappy. What are the reasons? What can be done to improve this situation?not think so. What is your opinion?53.A 2012.10.11 (Disuss)Some people think personal happiness is directly related to economic success, while others believe this depends on other factors. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.54.A 2012.10.13 (Mix)In many counties today a population is a mix of different culture and ethnic groups. Why is the case? Is it positive or negative development?homes in existing cities or in new towns in countryside?56. A 2012.10.20 (Argue)It has become easier and more affordable to visit other counties nowadays. Is it a positive or negative development?57. A 2012.10.27 (Argue)Advertising discourages people from being different individuals by making us all want to do the same and look the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree?people. Will this fact bring more benefits or more drawbacks?59. A 2012.11.3 (Argue)Many people are afraid of leaving home because they fear the crime. Some people believe some actions can be done to prevent crime, but others think little can be done. What is your opinion?cities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?role in individuals' decision to buy products (mobile/fixed phone) and choose service (medical treatment). To what extent do you agree or disagree? 62. A 2012.11.17 (Mix) = 2009.08.29 AIn the past people travel abroad can see many differences from their home country. Now, places all over the world are looking more and more similar. What do you think are the causes? Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages?expenditure of these activities is very expensive and some people think governments' money should be spent on useful things. To what extent do you agree or disagree?64. A 2012.11.24 (Mix) = 2007.03.10 AAs more people are using mobile phones and computers now, some people think that the traditional skill of writing letters will disappear completely soon. To what extent do you agree or disagree? How important do you think is letter-writing?65. A 2012.12.1 (Argue)An increasing number of organisations are allowing their staff to work at home, for at least part of their work. Is it a positive or development for individuals and society?are less sure. What is your opinion?67. A 2012.12. 6 (Report)Nowadays, people throw away damaged things and purchase new ones instead of repairing them and using them again. Why did this happen? What is the consequence?68. A 2012.12.8 (Mix)In many countries man and woman have decided to have children later in their lives. Why do you think this is happening? What effects of this development on society and family life?to make a good speech or presentation to audiences. So it is important for children to learn this at school. How important for people to speak well in public? Do you agree or disagree that schools should teach this skill?70. A 2012.12.8 (Report)In cities and towns, museums display many objects of artistic, historical and cultural importance, but people do not visit them. Why do you think people do not visit museums in their local areas？What is the importance of museums to society?71. A 2012.12.15 (Report)In cities and towns, museums display many objects of artistic, historical and cultural importance, but people do not visit them. Why do you think people do not visit museums in their local areas? What is the importance of museums to society?。
2012年雅思写作机经(完整版)
2012年雅思写作机经1月7日政府类双边讨论题型Some people think developing countries should invite large foreign companies to open offices and factories to grow their economies. Others think the developing countries should keep large companies out and develop local companies instead.Discuss both views and give your own opinion1月12日政府类双边讨论题型Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Others, however, believe that it is a waste of money since the public can use the Internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion1月14日政府类利弊分析题型Some people think that good health is a basic human need，so medical service should be run by the government instead of profit-making companies.Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?2月4日抽象类双边讨论题型Some people think that young people should follow traditions from their society; other people think that young people should be free to behave as individuals.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion2月9日社会与国际问题类同不同意题型Some people think the spread of multinational companies and globalization produce positive efforts to everyone.Do you agree or disagree?2月18日科技类同不同意题型Some people think that the development of technology has made our life more complex, and the solution is to live a simpler life without thattechnology.To what extent do you agree or disagree?2月25日教育类同不同意题型Full-time university students need to spend a lot of time studying, but it is essential to involve other activities.To what extent do you agree or disagree?3月8日社会与国际问题类原因+对策题型Many people fail to achieve a balance between work and the other parts of life.What causes the situation? How to overcome this problem?3月10日社会与国际问题类利弊分析题型It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries in the future.Do you think it is a positive or negative development?3月17日媒体类利弊分析题型News media are important in modern society.Why are they so important? Are their influences generally positive or negative?3月31日社会与国际问题类双边讨论题型In some cultures the old age is highly valued; while in some cultures youth is highly valued.Discuss both and give your opinion4月12日抽象类利弊分析题型Ambition is being emphasized i n today’s society.How important do you think it is for those who want to succeed in their life?Is it a positive or negative characteristic?4月14日媒体类同不同意题型A tendency that the news reported in the media focuses on problems and emergencies rather than the positive developments is harmful to both the individual and our society.Do you agree or disagree?4月21日抽象类同不同意题型Someone thinks time waste of individual plan and that is important to focus on the present.Do you agree or disagree?4月28日环保与动物类同不同意题型It is no longer necessary that animals should be slaughtered and made into either human foodstuffs or non-foodstuffs, such as fur and medicine.Do you agree or disagree?5月10日媒体类同不同意题型Today, consumers are facing an increasing amount of advertising from competing campaigns.To what extent do think consumers are influenced by advertisement? What measures can be taken to protect them?5月12日犯罪类同不同意题型Some people think sending criminals to prison is an effective way to deal with them; others think education and training are better.To what extent do you agree or disagree?5月19日社会与国际问题类同不同意题型Food has become cheaper and food production has increased, thanks to enlarged manufacturing capacity, the use of fertilizer and better machinery. However, some believe this will do harm to the health of humans and local community as a whole.To what extent do you agree or disagree?5月26日政府类双边讨论题型Some people argue that the government should support the funds for the arts, while some other people suggest that the money should be used for public health and education. Discuss both views and give your opinion6月9日媒体类同不同意题型Some people think news have no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read the news in the newspaper and watch television news programs.To what extent do you agree or disagree?6月14日政府类同不同意题型Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than private companies.To what extent do you agree or disagree?6月16日社会与国际问题类原因+对策题型There is an increasing number of people who do not know their neighbors.What causes this situation? How to solve?6月30日社会与国际问题类原因+对策题型Some visitors can learn can accept local culture well when they travel to another country.How do they do that?Why some people cannot?7月7日媒体类同不同意题型Advertising encourages people to buy in quantity rather than promoting its quality.To what extent do you agree or disagree?7月12日教育类同不同意题型It is better for students to live away from home, while studying at university than living at home with parents.Do you agree or disagree?7月21日社会与国际问题类原因+对策题型In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic become a problem.What are the causes of that and what actions could be taken to solve the problem?7月28日政府类同不同意题型Some people believe that arts, such as painting and singing, do not directly improve the quality of people's lives that therefore government's money should be spent on other things.To what extent do you agree or disagree?8月4日媒体类利弊分析题型In some countries, TV programs are transmitted throughout the day and night.Is it a positive or negative development?8月11日教育类原因+对策题型A large number of young people cannot find a job after leaving school. What problems will youth unemployment cause for individuals and society? What measures should be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among young people?8月25日政府类利弊分析题型Admission to the museum should be free.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?9月1日政府类利弊分析题型Many countries are spending a huge amount of money on supporting their competitors to take part in some worldwide sports competitions. Others argue that it would be better if these countries can spend the money on children to take part in sports.To what extent do you agree or disagree?9月6日政府类同不同意题型Some people believe everyone has the right to get university education, so government should make it free to all people no matter of their financial background.To what extent do you agree or disagree?9月15日政府类同不同意题型Money for postgraduate research is limited. Therefore some people think financial support from governments should be only provided for scientific research rather than research for less useful subjects.Do you agree or disagree?9月22日抽象类原因+对策题型In some countries, Young people are not only richer but also safer and healthier than ever before. However, they are less happy.What are the causes and what measures could be taken?10月11日抽象类双边讨论题型Some people think personal happiness is directly related to economic success, while others believe this depends on other factors.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.10月13日社会与国际问题类原因+利弊分析题型We have a mixture of people from different culture and ethnic groups in a country.Why?Is this a positive or negative development?10月20日社会与国际问题类利弊分析题型Nowadays it is more convenient and easier for people to travel to other countries. (International travel)Is it development a positive or negative effect?10月27日媒体类同不同意题型Advertising discourages us from being different individuals by making us all want to be and look the same.Do you agree or disagree?11月3日犯罪类双边讨论题型Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime. Some people think that more actions can be taken to prevent crimes; while others believe there is little that can be done.Discuss both sides and give your opinion.11月8日科技类同不同意题型We have three important parts of education: reading writing and Math. Some people think every child will benefit from a fourth skill added to the list: computer skills.Do you agree or disagree?11月24日科技类同不同意题型With the increasing use of mobile phones and computers, fewer people are writing letters. Some people think that the traditional skill of writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree? How important do you think is letter-writing?12月1日社会与国际问题类利弊分析题型More and more companies are allowing employees to work from home.Do you think this is a positive or negative development?12月6日社会与国际问题类利弊分析题型Nowadays, people always throw old things away and buy new things, whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again.What factors cause this phenomenon? What effects does the phenomenon lead to?12月8日社会与国际问题类原因+对策题型In most parts of world, men and women are deciding to have children later in life.Why do you think this is happening? What effects does the development have on society and family life?12月15日社会与国际问题类We live in cities or towns which have museums displaying objects of artistic, historic and cultural value, but people do not visit them. How do you think people do not visit museums in their local areas? What is the importance of museums to the society?。
雅思阅读机经词汇
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cough medicine drowsiness spoon nervous sense satisfaction satisfactory unsatisfactory prepare interesting topic consult reference vocabulary engineer engineering environmental study gender tone demonstration collecting data survey respondreflect unexpected delay distribute distribution allocate allocation difficult adult children bone tooth teeth finger fingernail toebacteria move out pool nearby bed desk dinning room kitchen furniture insurance follow following traveling student union building weekend reverse through second consider compulsoryregular full-time part-time flexible on campus off campus expensive science Mathematics Statistics Biology book loans cash speed food hatch start begin fly fully grown fill themselves die dying leg identification sex general health thoroughly complete cold cool chilly New York Art Gallery botany botanical botanist cathedral climb tower accommodation except exception exceptional highly- trainedrecruit graduate employ employer employee information technology Malaysia scholarship offer standard illness staff accident section limit limited value conclusion use un-cooperated noise noisy parental teaching average ability percent problem problematic investigation feel threatened skirt element twin room single married tired tiring flat deposit Physical phone bills several lighting lightning Activity tent youngster whole studio Painting camp camping aim Arctic Certificate geographical location Antarctic communication Childcare extreme extremely beautiful evident evidence continent blow sign Ocean current military test nuclear fin body tail smell top bottom moving sand wave wavy tide dinning room dictionary photo tape Speech rise rising increase increasing steady falling declining energy industry understand client Advice consumer instructor training comfortable uncomfortable clothes fitness study aid grant Second hand fitness center cover group size entertainment failure success rate ratio proportion Friend support branch soil sheep cattle irrigation Copy warm pollution carbon dioxide carbon monoxide Beautiful social isolation rain fall coastal area regionFlow first second third fourth fifth centurya couple of sports center clean office assistant reception tutorial skiing skating water-skiing cave dangerous safety measure measurement helmet temperature person emu people souvenir shop ground level observation cheese production visitweight refreshment balloon string rock salt crystal ordinary dangerous boring long short simple presentation primary school paperclip hurt exampleletter head teacher student identify exemplify recommend material research assistant lake avenue sound shop manager management personal personnel chapter unit western eastern northern southern history club pub night match guide guidebook referee experience curriculum vitae(CV) resume practical long length wide width broad flat apartment oral exam written exam regret regrettable hard professional amateur pay payment state bank statement 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through =experience(v.) season wood log timber spring summer autumn(fall) winter cut polish vary varied various black velvet pattern assignment bedsit （卧室兼起居室）badminton camera project projector screen remove pressure stress strain fright tight nervousness picture picturesque sound effect technical dinner ambition ambitious slang (u.). 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hill spoken English internet photocopy huge internal disorder machine mechanic clock dark unsocial mental physical relationship depression stomach stomachache divorce northwest Hill Road carpet waterfall weave popular topic theme gist finance financial starter project towel costly innovation solar power distribution communication technology non-medicine items information page unsatisfied swimming pool nervous interesting topic reference book engineering engineer fruit tree polish harmful insect sleeping sickness life cycle circle violent Master Card head phone name list check security check identity York crime police main entrance insurance company lock advice advise optic examine eyesight allergy card catalogue printed list photocopy of article various department microfilm tube railway rubbish cut and cover traffic safe reliable domestic industry pure rainfall agriculture scared rare air polluted lake dam prone to contaminator drinking and washing inadequate unreliable cause concern 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(2021年整理)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经
(完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经的全部内容。
（完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经编辑整理:张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是我们任然希望 (完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为 <(完整版)2012年9月、10月、11月、12月雅思口语换题后预测与机经> 这篇文档的全部内容。
欢迎使用本机经，本机经提供准确的范围，真实的考题.前言：绿色话题为本季度新出现的题建议重点复习祝烤鸭们考试顺利Part 1Your Work or Your StudiesDo you work or are you a student？1a）Your Work1. What work do you do？2. Why did you choose to do that kind of work?3. Do many people in your country choose to do that type of work?4. What are your responsibilities at work？5. Do you remember your first day at work?6. What did you do on your first day at work?7. Did you like your first day at work?8. (Similar to above） How did you feel on your first day at work？9. Do you think the first day at work is important？10. （Similar to above） Do you think a person's first impressions of a new jobare important?1b) Your Studies1. What subject(s） are you studying？2. Why did you choose to study that? / Why did you choose to study those subjects？3. Do many students in your country study that subject？4. （Similar to above） Is that a popular subject to study in your country？5. What school/university do you attend？6. Why did you choose that school/university?7. What do you plan to do after you finish your studies?8. Your First Day at University9. Did you like your first day at university？10. （Similar to above) Did you have a good first day at university？11. （Similar to above） How did you feel on your first day at university/highschool?12. Do you think the first day at university is important?13. How important do you think it is for people to have an enjoyable first day atuniversity （or， school）？14. (Similar to above）Do you think a person’s first impressions of a new schoolor university are important？Your Hometown1. Where did you grow up？2. What was it like when you were a child？3. Has it changed much？4. Would you say it was a good place to live?5. Would you say your hometown is a good place for tourists to visit?6. What do you like about your hometown?Your Home （Your Accommodation)1. Can you describe the place where you live？2. What do you usually do in your house/flat/room？3. Are the transport facilities to your home very good？4. Please describe the room you live in.5. Is there anything you don't like about the place where you live?6. What kind of decorations does it have？7. How do you think this room could be improved?8. What can you see when you look out the window of your room？9. How well do you know your neighbors？10. What kind of people are your neighbors？11. Do you spend much time socializing with your neighbors in your neighbors' homes?12. Do you like the environment where you live?13. Would you say the place where you live is good for families with children？14. In the future， what type of place would you like to live in？15. What kind of neighborhood/environment/surroundings would you like to live in?Mobile Phones1. Do people in your country like using mobile phones?2. （Similar to above） Are mobile phones very popular in your country？]3. Do you have a mobile phone?4. Is your cell phone important for you in your daily life?5. What do you use it for?6. How often do you use it?7. When did you get it？8. (Similar to above） When did you get your first mobile phone？9. How did you get your first mobile phone?10. How did you feel when you got your first mobile phone?11. What feature （or， function) of your cell phone do you like the best?12. Is there anything you dislike about using cell phones？Entertainment1. What do you do for entertainment?2. What did you do for entertainment when you were a child？3. What do （other） people do for entertainment around where you live?4. (Similar to above） What do you friends do for entertainment?5. What choices for entertainment are there for young people around where you live6. Are there any entertainment places near your school？7. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?8. Do you think modern lifestyles give people enough time for leisure?The Internet1. Do you often use the internet？2. (Similar to above） How often do you use the internet？3. What do you use it for?4. （Similar to above）What do you do in the internet？5. Do you think there are any bad points about (using） the internet?6. Have you ever bought anything on the internet?7. When did you first start using the internet?8. Where did you learn to use the internet?9. How did you learn to use the internet?10. What do you think is the best way to learn about (or learn how to use) the internet?11. Is there anything you don’t understand about the internet？12. Do you think the internet is a good thing?13. Is there anything that's not so good about （or, on） the internet?14. Do you think the use of the internet needs to be controlled?15. Is the internet very popular in China?16. What kinds of peoplemost often use the internet?17. What age group of people most often use the internet?18. How can people best make use of the internet？19. In general, what impact does the i nternet have on people’s lives？20. How can people learn things on the internet？21. What sorts of things can people learn on the internet?22. What do you think are the benefits of ”e-learning”?Dancing1. Do you like dancing?2. When do people in your country dance?3. Do young people in your country like old-style dancing （or, traditional dancing）?4. Have you ever learned to dance?5. When was the last time you danced?6. Why do you think some （or, many） people like dancing？7. Do you think there are any benefits for young people to go dancing?8. When do Chinese people like to dance?9. Does China have any traditional dances?10. Is traditional dance still popular today in China? (Why?/Why not?)11. Is there much difference between traditional dancing and modern dancing？（What?）12. What kinds of dancing are popular with young people in China?13. Do old people in China like the same kind of dancing as young people? (Why？/Whynot?)14. What do you think is the influence of dance on society？15. Do you like to watch dance performances？16. (Similar to above) How do you feel when you watch dance performances on TV?Cards1. Do you ever receive letters or cards？2. (Similar to above) Do you receive many letters or cards？3. Do you like to write cards？4. Do you often write cards or letters？5. Who do you usually write to and what do you write about？6. Is it hard to think of what to write?7. How do you feel when you receive cards or letters?Museums1. Do you often visit museums？2. (Similar to above） How often do you visit museums？3. Do you think museums are important？4. Are there any museums or art galleries in your hometown？5. Have you ever visited any of these art galleries or museums？6. How often do you museums and art galleries？7. Did you ever go to art galleries or museums when you were a child？8. Would you recommend that schools take their students to visit museums?9. Do people in China like visiting museums and art galleries？10. Do you think people can learn anything from art galleries and museums？11. What do you think is the role of museums and art galleries？12. Do you think going to museums and art galleries is beneficial for children?13. Do schools in China have excursions to museums?14. Do you think teachers should take their students on visits to museums？Bags1. What types of bags do you use?2. What do you put in these bags？3. Do you usually carry a bag when you go out？4. What sorts of bags do women like to buy？5. When you are buying a bag, what factors do you consider？6. (Similar to above) How do you make your choice when you are buying a bag?7. Do you think the style of a bag is very important?8. Do you have a bag for special occasions？The Weather1. What’s the weather like today?2. What kind of weather do you like （best）? （Why？)3. What sort of weather do you least like?4. What do you usually do during your favourite weather （or season）?5. What's the weather （usually) like in your hometown？6. Do you like that weather （or, that kind of climate）？7. How often is the weather good in your hometown?8. What did you do the last time the weather was good？9. Are there any bad points about the weather in your city?10. Have there been any changes in the weather over the past few years?11. Does the weather ever affect what you do?A Healthy Lifestyle1. What do you do to keep healthy?2. (Similar to above） How do people maintain good health?3. What would you say is a "healthy lifestyle"？ *4. Is there any sport that you would like to try in the future？Weekends1. What do you usually do on weekends （or, on the weekend）？2. Do you think employees should have to work on weekends?3. Are weekends important to you?4. How do you （usually) spend the weekend?5. （Similar to above） What do you like to do on weekends?6. Which do you prefer, Saturday or Sunday? (Why?)7. What do you usually do on that day？8. Are your weekends today more interesting than your weekends were when you were achild？9. What are you going to do next weekend？10. Would you say weekends are important to people?11. How does the average person in China spend his or her weekend？12. Do children (or, young people) today spend their weekends differently to children（or, young people) in the past?Shopping1. Do you like (going) shopping？（Why？/Why not?)2. (Similar to above) How do you feel about （going) shopping？3. （Similar to above） Do you like to go shopping? (Why?/Why not?）4. What do you think is the most difficult （or, unpleasant） part about shopping？5. Is th ere anything you don’t like (or, dislike) about shopping?6. What don't you like about shopping？7. Do you prefer to buy things yourself or to have your parents buy things for you？8. Do you often go shopping?9. （Similar to above）How often do you go shopping?10. （Similar to above）How often do you buy something （in a shop）？11. Do you prefer shopping alone or with others?12. Who do you (usually) go shopping with？13. Do you prefer to go shopping with family members or with friends?14. What do you usually buy when you go shopping?15. When was the last time you went shopping? （Include what you bought。
2012.9.1雅思阅读机经
2012年9月1日的雅思考试过后，环球雅思也在第一时间整理了完整的2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经，在此次的雅思阅读考试的三篇文章中，其中比较典型的几个题型的TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN、Complete table、多选题、Sentence completion的出题比例依旧比较稳定，可以看到判断TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN还是2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经中的重头戏。
考试日期：2012年9月1日Reading Passage 1Title:Man and MachineQuestion types:段落细节信息配对题填空题summary文章内容回顾关于机器人的，MIT和日本的一些研究英文原文阅读Types of RobotsHumanoid Entertainment RobotsASIMO, manufactured by HondaQRIO, by SonyHOAP(*1) Robot Series (Humanoid for Open Architecture Platform), Manufactured by FujitsuToyota Partner Robot, manufactured by Toyota. EMIEW, by HitachiAndroidsAndroids are robots designed to strongly resemble humans.Actroid, a realistic female robot demonstrated most prominently at Expo 2005 in JapanHanako, a humanoid robot designed for dentist training HRP-4C, a humanoid robot with a realistic head and the average figure of a young Japanese femaleAnimal (four legged) robotsAibo playing with kidsAIBO is a commercial robotic dog manufactured by Sony Electronics.Social robotsPaPeRoParo, a robot baby seal intended for therapeutic purposesWakamaruGuard robotsGuardrobo D1 is manufactured by Sohgo Security Services. Banryu, manufactured by Sanyo and TMSUK.Domestic robotsSmartPal V, manufactured by Yaskawa ElectricCorporation.TWENDY-ONE, developed byWaseda University.TPR-ROBINA, manufactured by Toyota.Mobility RobotWL-16RIII, developed by Waseda University and TMSUK. i-foot, developed by Toyota.i-REAL, developed by Toyota.Murata Boy, developed by Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Rescue robotsT-53 Enryu, manufactured by TMSUK.Industrial Humanoid RoboticsHRP-3 PROMET Mk-II, manufactured by Kawada Industries, designed by Yutaka Izubuchi. HRP-4Industrial RoboticsEventually the deeper long term financial resources and strong domestic market enjoyed by the Japanese companies prevailed, their robots spread all over the globe. Only a few non-Japanese companies managed to survive in this market, including Adept Technology, Stäubli-Unimation, the Swedish-Swiss company ABB (ASEA Brown-Boveri), the Austrian manufacturer igm Robotersysteme AG and the German company KUKA Robotics.This includes the one used by the robot based automativeproduction plants,known as assembly line robots.CharacteristicsMoreover, a recently created robot called CB2 or Child-robot with Biomimetic Body may follow moving objects with its eyes. CB2 can dangle its legs, raise its shoulders and fall with rhythmic breathing. CB2 may recognize the human touch, which is possible thanks to the 197 film-like pressure sensors that are placed under its rubbery skin. Asada, the team of engineers and brain specialists together with psychologists and many other specialists in the related domain created a CB2 that may record emotional expressions, memorize them and then match them with physical sensations.The characteristics of robots are however progressive, their abilities being enlarged as the technology has progressed. The same CB2 acts more and more as human and it was capable of teaching itself how to walk with the aid of human help. The robot learned how to move around the room by using its 51 "muscles," which are driven by air pressure.The humanoid Japanese robots characteristics include abilities such as blinking, smiling or expressing emotions akin to anger and surprise. One of the newestJapanese robots, HRP-4C is a female-robot programmed to catwalk. It walks and talks and with the help of 30 motors it may move its legs and arms however loudly and awkwardly. The facial expressions that are capable of are driven by 8 facial motors to make it smile or blink and change the facial expression as a response to anger or surprise.Robots that are intended to play with children usually look like animals and depending on what animal they are, they make different sounds, move, walk and play. Robot-dogs for example may bark, move their tails and somehow run or play with a child.There are also the mountable robots that can carry their passengers almost anywhere they need to go. Some of the Japanese robots move through rolling.题型难度分析据学生回忆，这篇题目相对简单，而且是旧题V080621。
2012年9月1日南昌GRE机经回忆(网友回忆)
2012年9月1日南昌GRE机经回忆（网友回忆）AW是高频Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of studyargu :是butter换成margarine 消费者会不会complaint的黄油那一题.第一个V逻辑：在金星的上面有一种C的物质，是用来吸收一种S气体的。
又因为这种东西主要是从火山里面喷发出来的,且这种S的气体在火星的大气里面非常多。
最后总结金星上面的这种气体是火山喷发出来的吧。
问前提假设：我选的是这种C物质没有足够多到把S气体吸收完.自我感觉是对的吧.因为我当时脑子钝了,在这题上耗了好久.还有美国和澳大利亚殖民时间的问题。
40000-25000年那个.这个是机经了.可是考试时发现看过也没有用.我看的那份机经关于这篇好像不完整,考试时又看了一遍原文,还是没怎么看明白.但是我选了机经里面说的那几个什么ritual宗教仪式之类的选项第一题是问的现在的美国和以前的美国(还是以前的和现在比?)比有什么变化?答案里面有两个选项意思是反的,一个说coastline下降了,一个coastline上升了.表达不同.一定就是那两个中的一个啦.好像一个是A 选择一个是E 选项.我忘记我选的哪一个了.文中可以定位找到的.不过也可能是我看机经不仔细,没有看到这篇机经的答案.如果这篇机经有前人总结出标准答案的话,那大家还是参考前人的.就不误导大家了...填空有考一个notwithstanding 这个是表转折的,这个是高频词汇了forgo也考了还有一个数学题关于standard deviation的给出了四个y关于x的函数图.已知x>1题目的意思大概也许好像就是说下面哪个函数曲线画出来的图形也是它本身自己函数的概率分布曲线?给出的四个选项分别是f(x)=1/xf(x)=1/x+40f(x)=3x+5f(x)=(1/3)x+5后两个记不大清我是这样想的.我先把四个画出来.然后把第三第四个直接排除了.因为后面两个斜率都是常数.所以画出来的概率曲线应该是一条直线.就是说每个值的概率是一样的.然后第二个因为加了一个40.所以图像整体向上移了40个单位.而第一个是没有移动的.所以我就凭直觉选了第一个.因为我感觉第一个和第二个的概率分布曲线应该是一样的.也就是都是f(x)=1/x (x>1) 这条曲线.也不知道对不对.等过十几天作文分数出来了,就可以去网上查自己到底是哪几题错了.我去查查我这题错没错,再来汇报.还有一题数学里面有一个把百分比近似到whole percent. 不太懂是不是近似到整数啊?剩下的.....唉...啥都不记得了...。
2012年9月1日、2日国内外雅思口语真题机经(9、10、11月考生可做参考)
2012年9月1日、2日国内外雅思口语机经（9、10、11月份考生可做参考）2012年9月份第一场雅思考试已经结束，九月份是换题库月，很多同学关心的是雅思口语新题出题情况。
新东方在线教研组第一时间整理分析了本次雅思口语考试话题，希望对同学们有所帮助。
从2012年9月1日、2日雅思口语考试情况来看，本次雅思口语第一部分和第二部分都出现了不少新题，这一个月雅思口语新话题将会陆续出现，同学们要有心理准备，准备旧话题的同时要兼顾近期出现的一些新话题。
本次雅思口语part one 部分出现的新话题有：bags, Dances，Keeping healthy, Mobile phone等等。
Part two部分出现的新题有：人物类话题：A person you enjoy talking to（全新话题），Someone who Helped Y ou （旧题回归）。
地点类话题：A beautiful house or apartment you’ve visited，A monument which is of national importance in your country；事件类话题：A casual activity you did along the beach，An important traditional event in your country，A project you take part in with others，A thing made you relaxed，your life plan in the future (not related to work or study) ，An unusual job you want to do，One of the difficult experiences you have suffered recently（旧题翻新）；物品类话题：An unsatisfied thing you ever bought，An old photograph；媒介类话题：A film about real people and events等。
2012年IELTS考试小作文机经（已更新至9月22日）
2012-1-7柱图，比较中国，俄罗斯，美国和澳大利亚四个国家在2001年使用水资源的情况，分别有工业，农业和家庭用水。
2012-1-12线图，4个汽车生产商从1998至2005年生产汽车的平均花费时间。
2012-1-14表格，60岁以上人口的比例，6个大洲及全世界的数据，两个时间点，2000年和2050年2012-1-21柱图，人们使用络的情况，4个项目分别为home, library, college和workplace，时间从1998年到2004年。
2012-2-4柱图，但形式比较新颖，比较两种不同质地的杯子所耗的material。
The charts indicate the resoures used to produce disposable cups made up of two different materials----paper and polystyrene.2012-2-9线图，比较英国、德国、意大利三个国家观看top-level足球赛的人数Average number of people watching top-level football matches ，从1980年到2004年2012-2-18柱图，男女成人识字率literacy rate的比较;全世界平均值，然后是七个地区。
2012-2-25柱图，某个欧洲国家在2007年旅游的男女人数，分为6种不同的旅游目的。
Average number of trips made by men and women by purpose2012-3-10表格，六个国家在2003年每千人拥有的手机和个人电脑的数量。
mobile phones and personal computers per 1000 people in six countries in 20032012-3-17柱图，3个国家和欧洲平均的full-time和part-time jobs的工作时间对比，三个国家为Greece、Netherland和UK。
2012雅思真题：IELTS听力机经
2012雅思真题：IELTS听力机经§ 两新：section 1&2 § 两旧：section 3&4 重点关注§ Section 1中考察对于专有名词拼写的掌握；§ Section 3出现较多Internet相关词汇；§ Section 4出现green tax的概念，无忧机经中答案有误，需注意趋势预测旧题出现的可能较大重点看一下V30***，V08***，V09*** 近期出现的V100***，V300***版本也希望大家重点看一下Section 1 版本号场景题型New Enquiry Completion 一句话简介一个具有澳洲口音的男士要转医疗所详细回忆 1. 名字：P****** 2. 出生日期：17th, March. 3. 住址：Market Road 4. 人种：European 5. 以前诊所的名字：Castle 6. 以前诊所的地址：Northern Island.7. 他是新西兰citizen 8. 以前的卡是higher user 9. full time 10. sports 重点词汇及扩展我们注意到Section 1中考察了许多专有名词的拼写：如：名字、日期、地址等；其中Market Road容易因为漏听略读的‘t’而写成Mark Road, Northern Island中由于连读也易给部分考生造成干扰；可以引申给学生补充连读、略读等语音现象，并举例练习：略读：last Saturday / this sweater 连读：give out / middle aged Section 2 版本号场景题型New RecruitmentMultiple Choices / Matching 一句话简介Electronic toy company looking for temporary staff 详细回忆选择：11. 这个公司的历史：选A——很快的发展起来了12. 找员工的原因：选C——市场需求增加13. 临时员工需要工作多久：选B——半年14. 以往的员工的问题在于：选B——工资的支付配对题：几个重要的员工的职责其中有——§ 负责发工资的§ 负责电脑的§ 负责机器维修的§ 负责customer relationshipwｗw.ExamＷ.CoM 重点词汇及扩展可补充招聘场景的词汇，如：employ / recruit / candidate / wage / salary staff / team work / team spirit Section 3 版本号场景题型V08122 S3 Discussion Completion / Table 一句话简介两个学生和导师讨论做的一个关于如何使用Internet的research 详细回忆填空题：21. People use internet mainly: save time 22. 题目是Area to concern: privacy 表格题：面对对象用于Family user Mainly women Exchange social information business provide supportNutroperutreu To sell product 29. Net workers 30.Plan holidays 重点词汇及扩展我们注意到section 3出现很多关于Internet的词汇，需及时掌握：privacy / net workers 可补充其他相关词汇，如：Website / search engine Section 4 版本号场景题型V100327 S4 Lecture/Archeology Completion / Matching 一句话简介讨论机场的未来建设详细回忆31. 第一题讲机场值得我们关注，选C. deserves close attention 32. 第二题，选B. more important than other buildings （因为录音里提到significant）33. 第三题讲选择机场要适应变化，选A. respond to change 接下来是5个题和5个scenarios 的配对（以下为大概的回忆）34. fuel….then more expensive（未来air travel会很贵）35. 机场的maintenance fee很高36. air travel will be replaced （以后air travel会随着科技的发展而被取代）最后两个填空39. green tax（空气污染已经使得air travel 有征收green tax）40. insurance（如果没有insurance 的参与，air travel就不能很好运行）。
2012乐乐雅思阅读机经中秋版抢先版partI
第一篇：意大利的疟疾文章标题意大利的疟疾The conquest of Malaria in Italy文章大意疟疾在意大利的湿热地区肆虐死亡率很高，当时人的寿命预期只有22.7岁。
开始大家都认为这是一种空气传播的疾病，没人想到是昆虫在搞鬼，直到后来一个意大利的学者把健康的人拉到疟疾重灾区，但是尽量不让他们被蚊子咬到，结果发现这些人就没有感染疟疾，并因此找到了病源。
为了治疗疟疾意大利政府颁布了法律给公民发放奎宁还成立治疗中心终于控制大多数疾病的发生,尽管药物有副作用但是政府还是利用强制力政府给所有公民发放药物。
有些人怀疑奎宁的疗效而不愿意使用，但是大多数人还是乐意使用的，所以意大利80%的疟疾被消除了；1913年一战使得政府把大多数资金用于战争疾病有反复二战时有人故意散播疾病二站结束后政府采用了新药消灭的疟疾60年代最后一个疟疾被消灭最后一段总结说：疟疾是非常危险的疾病，直到现在仍然能致人于死地，希望人们通过这个故事得到警示。
题目类型SummaryTrue False Not GivenMatching参考答案Summary 答案（所有答案都出现在第二段)●the link between malaria and insects●M开头人的theory, 认为是unclean air造成的●the belief of hereditary●rural people have extremely short life expectancyTrue False Not Given●The volunteers are from all over Italy NG●有些错误的观点导致了对疾病认识的倒退TrueMatching 以下事件出现在哪一段●一个大发现(貌似是第三段，带有breakthrough那段)●一个expert 提出没能够restrict the spread of disease（倒数第三段）●The story for today’s readers (出现在最后一段)第二篇：某种松树文章标题松树文章大意一种名字以字母B开头的pine tree，长在一个环境比较恶劣的地方，这树特别长寿，平均大概可以活1000年，有个教授研究观察它们的年轮，年轮窄是因为少雨，还提到了火灾等问题。
2012年9月6日雅思考试机经全面预测
2012年9月6日雅思考试机经全面预测2012年9月1日与9月6日雅思考试全面预测使用说明●预测适用时间：2012年9月1日考试(A类、G类)2012年9月6日考试(A类)●预测适用考区：中国大陆地区，港澳台地区，亚洲其他地区(日韩泰)以及澳洲均可参考本预测。
以上地区笔试部分(听力、阅读、写作)为统一试卷，口语考试各地区题目可能不同，请参照预测范围进行准备。
欧洲、美洲以及其他亚太以外地区不适宜使用该预测，目前除亚太地区以外由于资源和信息等问题还无法提供详细预测，考生朋友可自行参考机经复习。
●预测适用类别：学术类(A类)培训类(G类)●预测发布时间：2012年8月26日(一般预测发布时间会在目标考试前一周左右)●预测附加说明：听力版本对应无忧雅思听力机经(2012夏季版)和3G雅思听力机经(2009BETA版)，两者之和才是完整题库。
预测中的大部分内容都可在无忧雅思听力机经中找到对应版本，找不到的部分，可以参考3G雅思听力机经。
最新考试回顾REVIEW●听力：8月25日只有一道旧题，在预测中：Section1 = V09103 Section 1(二级预测)●阅读：↘Passage 1Dirty but clean river (USA)↘Passage 2The problem of graffiti↘Passage 3Chocolate’s history (Book)●写作：在8月25日的预测中强调：A类小作文重点看pie chart和curve ，25日考试小作文为3 pie charts，完全命中。
大作文为社会类。
具体题目如下：task1pie chartsDescribe ways of journey between males and females in 2008task2社会Many museums charge people for admission while others are free. Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages?●口语：各地题目不同，详细内容请参考回忆。
2012年9月1日雅思考试真题回忆
⼝语：回忆1⼴州仲恺402 新鲜出炉 part1 where a r u come from，house or flat，sport，how to make your room nice part2 communication part3 ⼀系列关于交流的回忆2上海财⼤ rm401 P1 hometown、wedding、food。
P2 A present that you give to your friend. P3 喜欢收礼物还是送礼物，什么时候送礼物，喜欢什么礼物，等关于送礼物的问题回忆3今天提前考的⼝语~上海财⼤，RM405，问了喜欢的⾐服，p2童年旅⾏~基本和预测⼀样~回忆48⽉30号在Adelaide IDP考的⼝语，考官是个男性中年⽩⼈，好像叫Thomas Wyld，PART1问了Sport，Study还有Car等问题，PART2是Descibe an activity that you do in a group, you should say when you do this activity, how often you do this activity and who, you do this activity with and explain what it is.Part3各种团队合作的问题。
回忆5上海财⼤31号405，⼀个很凶的中年⼥⼈，⼀直⼀副不耐烦的样⼦，看得我吓死了，p1名字家乡在哪⼉住，喜欢house还是apartment，p2想要做什么⼯作，p3问⼈们会为了什么选择⼯作，为什么选了现在的⼯作，换⼯作的利弊，为什么会要团体⼯作。
求⼈品爆发⼀次啊回忆6我也是405的,⼥考官就经常表现皱眉的样⼦,真的觉得难伺候,然后就⼀直问我天⽓part 1, part 2, part 3题都关于天⽓,纠结,然后我是出来的时候很多⼈都还在考,⼀天没安稳回忆7今天上海财⼤R410part2是重要的城市，part3有问交通和城市问题~考官是个⽩⼈⼥滴，长得还不错~很亲切撒!求笔试RP爆发!!回忆8下午发的不知哪⾥去了。
GRE真题：2012年9月1日长沙GRE机经回忆
GRE真题：2012年9月1日长沙GRE机经回忆先说下考场，湖南大学考场，考场环境不错，老师监考也很严格QVQVQISSUE：University should require every student to take varity courses outside the field of their studyARGUE:"One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. I predict that modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in theSunnyside Towers complex will increase our profitseven more dramatically."数学：总的来说今天的数学还是蛮简单的，认真做不会有问题，记得的题有自行车爬山5公里，上山以每小时15公里的速度，问下山需要速度达到多少才能让总速度达到20公里每小时。
雅思阅读机经：GeneralTrainingBPterosaurs
雅思阅读机经：GeneralTrainingBPterosaurs为了帮助大家在备考雅思的时候能够练习到更多的真题材料，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读机经：General Training B Pterosaurs，望喜欢！雅思阅读机经：General Training B PterosaursA Pterosaurs stand out as one of nature's great success stories. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 215 million years ago, and thrived for 150 million years before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. Uncontested in the air, pterosaurs colonized all continents and evolved into a vast array of shapes and sizes.B Until recently, most scientists would not have put pterosaurs in the same class as birds in terms of flying ability. Because pterosaurs were reptiles, generations of researchers imagined that those creatures must have boon cold-blooded, like modern snakes and lizards. This would have made flying awkward, as they would have lacked the endurance to power their muscles for long periods of time.C In the past three decades, however, a number of fossil discoveries have prompted researchers to re-examine their views. The new picture of pterosaurs reveals that they were unlike any modern reptile. From a fossil discovered in Kazakhstan, scientists suspect that pterosaurs had a covering resembling fur. If so, this detail provides evidence of a warm-blooded body that could maintain the kind of effort needed to stay in the air. Indeed, scientists now believe that many pterosaurs were gifted air?borne predators, built to feed while in flight. And, in fact, such controversy has surrounded pterosaurs since the first discovery of one in the early 1700s.D Cosimo Alessandro Collini, the first natural historian to study the fossil and describe it, was unable to classify it. It was not until 1791 that the great French anatomist Georges Cuvier deduced that the animal was in fact a flying reptile, whose fourth finger supported a wing. Ho named the fossil Pterodactylus, combining the Greek words for wing and finger. A few decades later, the name pterosaur, or winged reptile, was adopted to describe the growing list of similar fossils.E In 1873, a remarkable pterosaur specimen came to light that confirmed Cuvier's deduction. Unlike earlier fossils, this new find near the Bavarian town of Solnhofen contained delicate wing impressions, establishing definitely that the extinct reptile was capable of flight. Even though over a thousand pterosaur specimens are known today, such wing impressions remain rare. Normally only bones survive the fossilization processF But how pterosaurs learnt to fly remains a matter for disagreement. Most researchers conclude that pterosaurs are descended from a small tree-dwelling reptile that spent its life jumping between branches. This creature would have spread its limbs, and used flaps of skin attached to its limbs and body to help it to land gently on the ground. Over many generations the fourth finger on each of its front "arms" would have grown longer, making the skin surface larger and enabling the animal to glide farther. Meanwhile, the competing argument holds that pterosaurs developed from two-legged reptiles that ran along the ground, perhaps spreading their arms for balance. Through gradual growth, the front arms would then have evolved into wings. This difficult issue w.ill only be resolved with the discovery of earlier forms of pterosaurs.G It's very difficult to say how pterosaurs changed over timebecause the earliest fossils we have are of pterosaurs whose fourth finger has already transformed into a wing/ says Fabio daila Vecchia, an Italian researcher. In fact, the earliest known pterosaurs came from the mountains of northern Italy, where he has spent years searching for flying reptiles. These species have shorter wings than later forms, but there is evidence that they were skilful fliers, capable of catching fish over open water. Proof of this has been found in the fossil of a Eudimorphodon, a 215-million-year- old pterosaur found near Bergamo, Italy. Under a microscope, several fish scales ,can be seen in the abdomen of the specimen - the remains of the pterosaur's last meal.H A different but equally impressive sight is the life-size model of Quetzalcoatlus northroph which stares down at visitors in the Museum of Flying in Santa Monica, California. It has a beak the size of a man and wings wider than those of many of the planes exhibited nearby. This pterosaur had wings over 11 meters wide, making it the largest flying animal ever known.I Quetzalcoatlus represents the height of pterosaur evolution. 'Unlike smaller pterosaurs, it could use natural currents to stay in the air without having to move its wings continuously' said Paul MacCready, an aeronautical engineer. 'As pterosaurs got larger, they discovered the benefits of gliding on air currents, making use of a free energy source. With their hollow bones, these pterosaurs had a very light construction, ideal for such activity.' J As we walked beneath the Quetzalcoatlus model in Santa Monica, MacCready pointed out its similarity to sailplanes, the most efficient kind of aero planes.Both have long slender wings designed to fly with minimum power. During flight, sailplane pilots routinely search for places where heat rises from sun-baked earth, creating hot air currentscalled thermals. Undoubtedly, Quetzalcoatlus would have used thermals as well, lazily circling over the river deltas that one covered parts of T exas.K The triumphant reign of pterosaurs ended with this giant flier. At the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, a meteorite or comet slammed into the Earth. That calamity - and other events 一 wiped out roughly three quart ers of all species, including all pterosaurs and dinosaurs. But before their disappearance, pterosaurs enjoyed unequalled success. They flew into sunny skies before any other vertebrate. For 150 million years they sailed the winds on the strength of a fragile finger. What a glorious ride they had.Questions 28-34The text has eleven paragraphs, A-K.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.28、similarities between pterosaurs and mechanical flight29、the identification of the type of creature a pterosaur actually was30、conflicting theories about how pterosaurs came to fly31、the cause of widespread destruction of animal life on our planet32、the fact that pterosaurs once existed all over the world33、the first clear proof that pterosaurs could fly34、concrete evidence that pterosaurs hunted their food from the airQuestions 35-38Look at the following statements (Questions 35-38) and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 35-38 on your answer sheet.35、He refers to the difficulty of determining how pterosaurs evolved without further evidence.36、He failed to interpret the evidence before him.37、He gave an appropriate name to the first pterosaur (hat was discovered.38、He mentions the ability of pterosaurs to take advantage of their environment.List of PeopleA Cosimo Alessandro ColliniB Georges CuvierC Fabio dalla VecchiaD Paul MacCreadyQuestions 39 and 40Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 39 and 40 on your answer sheet.39、So far, evidence of a total of...........................pterosaurs has been discovered.40、The wings of Quetzalcoatlus measured more than...........................across.影响雅思阅读五大基本因素第一个影响雅思阅读分数的因素就是词汇。
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2012年9月1日的雅思考试过后，环球雅思也在第一时间整理了完整的2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经，在此次的雅思阅读考试的三篇文章中，其中比较典型的几个题型的TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN、Complete table、多选题、Sentence completion的出题比例依旧比较稳定，可以看到判断TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN还是2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经中的重头戏。
考试日期：2012年9月1日Reading Passage 1Title:Man and MachineQuestion types:段落细节信息配对题填空题summary文章内容回顾关于机器人的，MIT和日本的一些研究英文原文阅读Types of RobotsHumanoid Entertainment RobotsASIMO, manufactured by HondaQRIO, by SonyHOAP(*1) Robot Series (Humanoid for Open Architecture Platform), Manufactured by FujitsuToyota Partner Robot, manufactured by Toyota. EMIEW, by HitachiAndroidsAndroids are robots designed to strongly resemble humans. Actroid, a realistic female robot demonstrated most prominently at Expo 2005 in JapanHanako, a humanoid robot designed for dentist training HRP-4C, a humanoid robot with a realistic head and the average figure of a young Japanese femaleAnimal (four legged) robotsAibo playing with kidsAIBO is a commercial robotic dog manufactured by Sony Electronics.Social robotsPaPeRoParo, a robot baby seal intended for therapeutic purposes WakamaruGuard robotsGuardrobo D1 is manufactured by Sohgo Security Services.Banryu, manufactured by Sanyo and TMSUK.Domestic robotsSmartPal V, manufactured by Yaskawa ElectricCorporation.TWENDY-ONE, developed by Waseda University.TPR-ROBINA, manufactured by Toyota.Mobility RobotWL-16RIII, developed by Waseda University and TMSUK. i-foot, developed by Toyota.i-REAL, developed by Toyota.Murata Boy, developed by Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Rescue robotsT-53 Enryu, manufactured by TMSUK.Industrial Humanoid RoboticsHRP-3 PROMET Mk-II, manufactured by Kawada Industries, designed by Yutaka Izubuchi. HRP-4Industrial RoboticsEventually the deeper long term financial resources and strong domestic market enjoyed by the Japanese companies prevailed, their robots spread all over the globe. Only a few non-Japanese companies managed to survive in this market, including Adept Technology,Stäubli-Unimation, the Swedish-Swiss company ABB (ASEA Brown-Boveri), the Austrian manufacturer igmRobotersysteme AG and the German company KUKA Robotics.This includes the one used by the robot based automative production plants,known as assembly line robots. CharacteristicsMoreover, a recently created robot called CB2 orChild-robot with Biomimetic Body may follow moving objects with its eyes. CB2 can dangle its legs, raise its shoulders and fall with rhythmic breathing. CB2 may recognize the human touch, which is possible thanks to the 197 film-like pressure sensors that are placed under its rubbery skin. Asada, the team of engineers and brain specialists together with psychologists and many other specialists in the related domain created a CB2 that may record emotional expressions, memorize them and then match them with physical sensations.The characteristics of robots are however progressive, their abilities being enlarged as the technology has progressed. The same CB2 acts more and more as human and it was capable of teaching itself how to walk with the aid of human help. The robot learned how to move around the room byusing its 51 "muscles," which are driven by air pressure. The humanoid Japanese robots characteristics include abilities such as blinking, smiling or expressing emotions akin to anger and surprise. One of the newest Japanese robots, HRP-4C is a female-robot programmed to catwalk. It walks and talks and with the help of 30 motors it may move its legs and arms however loudly and awkwardly. The facial expressions that are capable of are driven by 8 facial motors to make it smile or blink and change the facial expression as a response to anger or surprise.Robots that are intended to play with children usually look like animals and depending on what animal they are, they make different sounds, move, walk and play. Robot-dogs for example may bark, move their tails and somehow run or play with a child.There are also the mountable robots that can carry their passengers almost anywhere they need to go. Some of the Japanese robots move through rolling.题型难度分析据学生回忆，这篇题目相对简单，而且是旧题V080621。
首先有六个段落细节配对题，分别对应了C, D, E, F段，F 段重复了一次。
接下来有个summary的填空题。
题型技巧分析Summary题，有顺序原则。
先关注instruction字数限制，有些题目在字数限制前，还有段落限制，告诉这个题目是针对哪个段落的。
其次，通读summary, 并且划出关键词，主要包括名词，连接词，介词，不定冠词。
然后根据空格前后信息，预测空格上的单词（单复数，可数与否，词性，-ing, -ed, 固定搭配等）如果是有选项的摘要题的话，还要通读选项。
同时注意无选项的文章摘要题，在写答案的时候，单词一定要是来自于文章中的。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑5 Test3 Passage3。