八年级阅读训练二

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新目标八年级上册英语阅读理解专项训练二及答案

新目标八年级上册英语阅读理解专项训练二及答案Part1Many children like stamp-collecting. Stamp-collecting didn’t start until 1854. As time passes，there are more and more stamp-collectors. Not only children but also men and women are collectors. In some countries, there are even lessons on stamp-collecting in school. People are becoming more and more interested in stamps. Every picture on a stamp has its meaning in it. It may be the head of a famous person or an important place. Each stamp tells us a story.( ) 1. Stamp-collecting started ____.A.earlier than 1845B. later than 1921C. hundreds of years agoD. in 1854( ) 2. Stamp-collectors are ____.A. men and womenB. boys and girlsC. neither young nor oldD. both A and B( ) 3. Lessons on stamp-collecting are given in ____.A. few countriesB. a few countriesC. our countryD. America only( ) 4. There are more and more stamp-collectors. This sentence means ____.A. different kinds of stamps are being collectedB. more and more stamps are being printedC. a group of people are collecting stampsD. the number of stamp-collectors is growing( ) 5. Every picture on a stamp ____.A. is the head of a stamp-collectorB. tells us something interestingC. has nothing to do with AmericaD. tells us a story about some schoolsPart2Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends on be happier.The first secret（秘密）of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future — for example, getting into college or getting a good job — that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthier lives.Another secret to living a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people experience dancing, or playing a sport, such as swimming. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity.Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier, do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly person, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.( )1. The second paragraph tells us that ________.A. we shouldn’t think about our futureB. some people fail to live a happy lifeC. happiness is to enjoy the simple things in lifeD. the more friends you have, the happier you will be( )2. The passage gives us ________ pieces of advice on happiness.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four( )3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Reading a good bookB. Traveling to a foreign countryC. Playing a sportD. Spending time with close friendsPart3Mr Green works in a small store. It’s near a school. He works very long hours a day, but he likes working there. He thinks it’s interesting. He usually gets up at six in the morning, has breakfast and then goes to work at six thirty. He has no time to go home for lunch, so he often takes some food to work and eats there.He gets to the store at around six fifty. At seven, people start to come. They buy eggs, vegetables, meat and things like that. At seven thirty in the evening, he closes the store and goes home. He has dinner at home. After that he watches TV. He has a little dog and he likes it very much. He often plays with it in the evening, too.On weekends, he is not busy. He wants to watch soccer games, but his daughter and his wife (妻子) like to see movies. So he usually goes to movies with his family. （）1. The store sells ________.A. clothesB. foodC. school thingsD. fruit.（）2. What time does Mr Green start to work?A. At 6:00 am.B. At 6:30 am.C. At around 7:00 am.D. At around 7:30 pm.（）3. Where does he often have lunch?A. At home.B. In the store.C. At school.D. We don’t know.（）4. What does he usually do on weekends?A. Go to the store.B. Watch TV.C. Watch soccer games.D. Go to movies.（）5. From the passage (段落), we know _________.A. Mr Green is busy at work, but he likes his jobB. Mr Green doesn’t like to play with his dogC. Mr Green doesn’t like soccer gamesD. Mr Green often eats dinner in the storePart4A cat goes to a river every day. He wants to go fishing. But he can't catch any fish. One day, he goes to the river as usual(像往常).Suddenly(突然) a fish comes out. He catches(捉到) the fish. He is very happy. He forgets to put the fish in the basket. He dances and sings. He shouts, "I have a fish! I have a fish!" All his friends come to see him." Where is your fish? Let us have a look at it." his friends say." It’s there, near the bank(河岸附近)." the cat answers. But he can't find the fish. When he sings and dances, the fish jumps back into the river. All his friends laugh at(嘲笑) him because they don’t see any fish there.( )1．What does the cat do every day? He_______.A. fishesB. dancesC. singsD. laugh( )2．Where does he put the fish when he catches it one day? _________.A. Near the bankB. In the basketC. In the riverD. at his home( )3．Which one is NOT right(不正确)? _________.A. The cat feels happy when he catches a fishB. The cat’s friends want to see the fishC. The fish is in the river at lastD. The cat sings and dances with his friends( )4．How does he feel at last(最终)? He feels ______.A. happy.B. sad.C. excited(感到激动的)D. afraid(害怕的)( )5．What does the word forget mean in the passage（单词forget在文中是什么意思）?It means_______.A.记得B. 知道B.忘记 D. 放弃Part5Do you like banana cake？Do you know how to make it？The following can help you.( )1.We don't need ________ to make the banana cake.A．flour B．sugar C．eggs D．yogurt( )2.We need ________ of salt to make the banana cake.A．1/3 cup B．2/3 cupC．1/4 spoon D．1/2 spoon( )3.We have to bake the mixture in the oven for ________ minutes.A．30 B．12 C．20 D．18( )4.Which is the right order to make the banana cake?◆Add the eggs and the bananas.◆Add the vegetable oil into the bowl.◆Put the mixture into the oven.◆Put the flour，baking powder，baking soda and salt into the bowl.A．◆◆◆◆ B．◆◆◆◆ C．◆◆◆◆ D．◆◆◆◆( )5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．We need a large bowl to make the banana cake.B．To make the banana cake，we need eight ingredients.C．There are seven steps(步骤) to make the banana cake.D．After adding vegetable oil and sugar，we beat them and the eggs.Part6Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about the rich. Though they have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools, they may often feel lonely （孤独的）.In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your teachers will help you; when you do something wrong, people around you feel unhappy; when you succeed in something, your friends will say congratulations（祝贺）to you. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. Although you are poor, you can also say you are very happy. Money is not everything. You have something else that money can't buy. When you meet with difficulties, you can loudly say you are very happy because you have more chances to challenge（挑战）yourself. So you can not always say you are poor and you have bad luck. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.( )1.______may often feel lonely even though they have beautiful houses with large gardens.A. TeachersB. ParentsC. Old peopleD. Rich people ( )2. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress（进步）?A. Congratulations.B. That's all right.C. It's very nice of you.D. Not at all.( )3. When you have more chances to challenge yourself, you may feel_______.A. proudB. lonelyC. happyD. excited ( )4. You can make yourself happy by______.A. making much moneyB. taking every chance you haveC. owning beautiful big housesD. having nice cars( )5. We can learn from the passage that_______.A. poor people are always unhappy because they don't have money to buy big housesB. we can find happiness around us even if we don't have much moneyC. no one will help you if you are poorD. rich people are very proud because they have big houses and nice carsPart7than 57% have activities every day. 82% have activities at least four times a week. American students spend their free time doing sports, or enjoying arts, music and dancing. They like to have life outside school because they can make a lot of friends during their activities.( ) 1. What are American children’s life like after school?A. Unhappy.B. Exciting.C. Boring.D. Unhealthy.( ) 2. How many students have activities every day if there are 2,000 students?A. More than 570.B. More than 820.C. More than 1,840.D. More than 1,140. ( ) 3. How often do 82% students have activities?A. Every day.B. Every weekend.C. At least four times a week.D. Every Sunday.( ) 4. American students ______, or enjoy arts, music and dancing in their free time.A. do sportsB. surf the InternetC. have funD. watch TV ( ) 5. American students like to have life outside school because______.A. activities outside school are more interestingB. they can make a lot of friendsC. they don’t like school lifeD. they are free to do anything outside schoolPart8On Thursday a new boy came into the classroom. He didn’t have any uniform on. Just trousers, a jacket and a shirt. Tom could see that the boy wasn’t quite comfortable. He had a plastic (塑料的) bag with exercise books, pens, pencils, rulers and erasers in it. The boy stood at the blackboard. Miss Fair talked to the boy, and then she said, “Boys and girls, this is Peter Rivers. He is your new classmate. Peter is your age. I hope you’ll get on well with each other. Peter will spend a lot of time together with you, and outdoors too.” Miss Fair asked Peter to sit next to Tom at the desk near the window.The students had math after that and Tom could see that Peter was not bad at it. He counted (数数) well. It was not difficult for him at all. Then Miss Fair said, “It is half past twelve. It’s time to have lunch.” Peter joined Tom and went to wash his hands. Then the boys sat down on the floor and started to open their lunch bags. Tom opened his bag and put his hand in it. He took out an old brown apple, some old cheese and some bits of fish from dinner. “Oh, no!” cried Tom. “This is rubbish. I have the wrong bag. I took the rubbish bag and left my lunch bag at home. I have only rubbish for lunch today.” The other children laughed and laughed. Then Peter said, “I have two eggs. Why don’t you have one? I don’t need two. And would you like some bread?” Tom smiled, “Thanks. Now I’ll always look in my lunch bag before I bring it to school.”()1. How many kinds of things did Peter have in his plastic bag?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.()2. Which of the following is TRUE about Peter?A. He wore a coat and a shirt to school.B. He had lunch in the school dining hall.C. He was disabled and couldn’t play outdoors.D. He had no trouble counting in the math class.()3. How did Tom feel when he saw what was in his lunch bag?A. Bored.B. Afraid.C. Excited.D. Upset.()4. What would Tom probably have for lunch?A. Bread and an apple.B. Cheese and an apple.C. Bread and an egg.D. Cheese and an egg.()5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Tom’s favorite teacher.B. Tom’s new classmate.C. Tom’s math class.D. Tom’s lunch.Part9Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Smith are sisters. One day Mrs. Wilson went to visit her sister. When she got to Mrs. Smith’s home, she found that Mrs. Smith’s eyes filled with tears (泪). Mrs. Wilson asked, “What’s the matter?” Mrs. Smith said, “My cat Sammy died last night. I have no place to bury (埋葬) hi m.”Mrs. Wilson was very sad because she knew her sister loved the cat very much. Then Mrs. Wilson said, “I can bury your cat in my garden and you can come and visit him.” Mrs. Smith stopped crying (哭). And then they had tea together.It was 5:00 pm. Mrs. Wilson said it was time for her to go home. Mrs. Smith put the dead Sammy into a shopping bag. Mrs. Wilson took the shopping bag and walked to the bus stop. She waited for a long time. When the bus arrived, she got on the bus and put the shopping bag beside her feet. After an hour, she got off the bus and walked home. Suddenly she remembered that she had left the shopping bag on the bus.根据以上内容，选择正确答案。

2020-2021人教版语文八年级下册专项训练卷(二)文学作品阅读

培优卷2020年人教版语文八年级下册专项训练卷（二）文学作品阅读一、阅读（一）阅读下面文章，回答问题。

草木结霜鲍尔吉·原野①草并不知道，秋天，它们要披上白霜的铠甲。

②草出生之后被称为青草，它们身穿绿衫在天涯奔跑。

草给黑色、红色和黄色的泥土打上绿印，绿是植物的命，是无处不在的生长。

天下没有黑草，就像没有绿色的煤炭。

只有绿才可以打通阳光的能量通道。

绿把阳光变成蛋白质，草们吃阳光，喝地下水，草的生活方式至简至净、至广大。

③草在绿里安家，绿色的脉络里有水渠和马路。

草的叶子既是肉身也是房子，自己住在自己身上，不假外求。

这一点比人强多了，自由从此诞生。

春天起，草一直生长。

它早上长还是夜里长？草什么时候都在长，如同听过“草活一秋”的咒语。

人的一生如果只活三个季节，他一定拼命生长，而不去打麻将喝酒看电视剧。

草所做的只是生长，它只会生长，那就一直生长。

生长很舒服，它觉出自己的腰拔高了。

阳光拢在叶子里，暖洋洋。

草不悲观。

悲观是干什么？是跟自己作对吗？大凡生长者都不悲观。

当你无选择地置身足以悲观的处境里面，先要剔除悲观。

我相信草在短短一生看到的东西比人一生看过的更多。

草看到天鹅绒的黑夜镶满银钻。

草看到雨水在空气中亦疾亦徐地跳舞。

草看到白粉沾满蝴蝶的翅膀。

草看到阳光从天边爬进自己脖子。

甲____________。

乙_________。

丙_________。

④秋天到了，草停止生长。

草长了一生也不过一巴掌高。

它们站立不动，一如等待判决。

它不知是谁、是什么不让它们继续生长，是立秋白露还是欧阳修的《秋声赋》？自然界，不生长就意味着凋亡。

但草不知道什么叫死，太阳照耀它，雨还在下，土地还有许多地方没长草。

草离开此世，世上似乎什么都没少，草没有草的遗产，没有草的车辆和文字。

只不过，没有草的土地露出了土地。

草站在秋天的驿站张望等待，这时候五谷丰登，果树挂满亮晶晶的水果取悦人类。

草在告别，一身之外一无所有，甚至发不出一声鸟鸣来辞行。

八年级下册语文阅读训练

八年级下册语文阅读训练(一)①我的一个女友从美国回来了。

出国前，她是清华大学的高才生，在哈佛读完博士之后，我们以为她会留在美国硅谷那样的地方，要不就是在华尔街做高级金领。

这是她出国之前的梦想。

②但她回来了。

我们还以为，她回国，是想当个大公司的CEO。

现在“海归”这么吃香，她一定是要有更大的发展。

③可是，让我们意想不到的是，她居然跑到一个山清水秀的地方，买了一个临湖的房子。

房子是木头搭建的，房前种了很多菜，屋后栽了很多花。

她居然过起了闲云野鹤的生活!④很多人对她的举动大跌眼镜——她才30岁，那么好的年华，况且，真的是前程似锦，可她居然放弃了。

许多人大为不解。

⑤我问她：“你每天做什么?”⑥她说：“上上网，看看书，把设计好的东西发到顾客的邮箱换银子，穿布衣，吃自己种的菜，保证没有化肥农药，亲手修剪那些花花草草，下午睡醒后写写喜欢的小说。

这是我喜欢的生活，我觉得很禅意，很芬芳。

”⑦“那多浪费啊!”我说，“你读到了博士，还是从哈佛回来，这样慢慢老去，多可惜。

”⑧“不，怎么样选择自己要的生活都不可惜。

”她说，“难道说我去做CEO就不可惜?我每天穿行在钢筋水泥里，每天像机器人一样忙碌就是充实?我曾经那样生活过，不久，我的胃肠功能紊乱，得了慢性胃炎，有颈椎病。

为保持身材，我吃得少，头发掉得多，我用含铅很多的化妆品，呼吸着不干净的空气……可我小时候的梦想是有一个木头房子，房前种菜，屋后栽花，我坐在那个小屋子里写小说……这就是我想要过的日子。

以前，我总想等到自己60岁了再去营造那种日子，可是，我怕活不到60岁我就累死了，我还怕自己到了60岁就没有这种心境了，我还怕自己变得再也没有梦想，被钱和势利的眼光支配了一切，那是最可怕的。

既然我现在能过一种这样的生活，为什么我还要等到60岁?30岁为什么不可以?……”⑨我听呆了。

⑩房前种菜，屋后栽花。

这是一件多么美丽的事情啊。

这是一种历经了红尘风雨之后的选择，它那么美丽，那么禅意，那么芬芳。

八年级上学期任务型阅读训练

八年级上学期任务型阅读训练题目一：太阳系阅读以下短文，完成相关任务。

太阳系是我们所在的星系，它包含了太阳以及绕太阳运行的八大行星：水金地火木土天海。

太阳是我们的星球能量来源，它的体积非常大，是太阳系中最大的物体。

地球是太阳系中唯一有生命存在的行星，它的宽度约为1.28万千米，自转一圈需要大约24小时。

任务一：列举太阳系中的八大行星。

任务二：简述太阳在太阳系中的作用。

任务三：说明地球在太阳系中的特点。

任务一：太阳系中的八大行星分别是：1. 水星2. 金星3. 地球4. 火星5. 木星6. 土星7. 天王星8. 海王星任务二：太阳是太阳系中的能量来源，它通过核聚变产生能量并释放光和热。

太阳的引力也决定了太阳系中其他行星的运行轨道。

任务三：地球是太阳系中唯一有生命存在的行星。

它具有适宜的温度和气候条件，使得地球上的生物能够存活和繁衍。

地球还拥有大量的水资源和丰富的生物多样性。

题目二：长城阅读以下短文，完成相关任务。

长城是中国古代修建的防御工事，它沿着中国北方的山脉和平原延伸，在长时间的施工中形成了如今的壮丽景观。

长城的总长度约为21,196千米。

它是世界上最长的人造建筑物之一。

任务一：简述长城的作用。

任务二：说明长城的总长度。

任务三：表达对长城的个人看法。

任务一：长城的作用是用于防御和边界标志。

它曾经保护着中国北方的边境，以抵御外族入侵和保护内地安全。

任务二：长城的总长度约为21,196千米。

人教版英语八年级下册_Unit2_阅读训练(含解析及答题技巧)

2019年八年级下学期英语阅读训练（含解析及解题技巧）Unit 2Unit 2I'll help to clean up the city parks.班级_____________姓名_____________总分_____________注意：本练习题分为自主训练、达标检测以及写作训练三部分组成。

一、自主训练（课前10分钟/课下自主预习，共20分测评训练）I.任务型阅读。

阅读短文，回答文后问题。

（共10分）Who are the homeless people?Homeless people are young and old men and women.They come from many different places.Some have gone to school；others have not.Some are ill，some are not.In other words，they're all different，but they do have one thing in common：they don't have a good place to live.Where are the homeless people?Many homeless people stay in homeless shelters(收容所) for a while.Some live in the city parks or streets.Often,homeless shelters help them get food and clothing.They also provide activities for homeless children.What can I do to help them?There are lots of things you can do!·Collect food or fruit and take everything to a shelter.·Ask your parents if you can give some of your old clothes to homeless children.·Collect toys from your friends for homeless kids.·Have a bake sale and donate the money you earn to a shelter.·If you're old enough，volunteer to help at a homeless shelter.You can babysit，read，and help with homework，or just play games with the children.1.Where do homeless people come from?_______________________________________________________________________________2.What do homeless people have in common?_______________________________________________________________________________3.What can homeless shelters do to help the homeless people?_______________________________________________________________________________4.How many pieces of advice are listed in the passage?_______________________________________________________________________________5.If you're old enough，what can you do to help at a homeless shelter?_______________________________________________________________________________ II.动词应用。

八年级现代文阅读理解专项训练(二)

八年级现代文阅读理解专项训练（二）（一）阅读下文,完成10~13题。

父亲不写信（刘青松）①父亲从来没给我写过信。

②在记忆中，我从来没有享受过在父亲臂弯里、脊背上撒娇的幸福」父爱，在我童年的回忆中一片空白。

每当看到别的孩子在他们自己父亲怀里尽情玩闹时，我幼小的心灵里总有说不出的失落，但慢慢地我也习惯了这种弃儿般的生活。

“父亲"仅仅意味着两个冷冰冰的汉字他永远是威严的。

话很少，冷峻的脸上很难见到笑容这他没打过我没骂过我也从没对我表示过一点亲昵，不表扬我不批评我也不约束，我。

我总感到自己和他很疏远，在他面前总是一阵阵的紧张，我怕他。

由于怕，我总是有意地远离他。

③直到有一天父亲打开啤酒给我也倒上一杯时，我才意识到，在他眼中我已经长大了。

然而我们俩之间的话仍然很少。

④我读高三那年，母亲去世了，家里很不宽裕。

那年我又没有考上大学，心情坏到了极点，父亲没说我什么，只是话语更少了。

一天中午，他忽然给了一沓钱:“你去复读吧。

”我奇怪哪里来的钱，但终究没问他。

后来才发现，那头跟了我们家多年的毛驴没了。

⑤我把泪咽进肚里，苦读了一年。

一年后当我把通知书交到父亲手上时，他也并没表现出太多的高了。

兴，只记得他喝了许多酒，过后他看着地图自言自语都地说:“兰州，到底远了点。

”我分明看到他冷峻的脸上一看了年距难以掩饰的戀祥的伤感，但很快他便忙着给我打点行李，到处借学费去了。

⑥原说好，父亲因工作忙不送我了。

⑦没想到在我走的前一天晚上，他却凤尘仆仆地从百里之外赶了回来，“老觉着不放心呢，回来看看，看看!”看着父亲那一头汗淋淋的灰发，泪，在我眼里打转。

夜里，父亲说:“到了兰州给家里回句话。

”我应着。

沉默了一阵子，他又说:“用钱就言语一声，一个人在外头，别合不得吃含不得穿，让人家瞧不起，家里怎么也好对付....⑧我没让父亲送，一个人登上西去的列车。

二十年了，当我第一次离开家，才真正懂了父亲一一那是平静水波深处的激流啊!⑨大学里我常给父亲写信，告诉他我生活得很好。

部编版八年级语文下册课内文言文阅读二《小石潭记》及类文训练卷附答案解析

部编版八年级语文下册课内文言文阅读二、《小石潭记》及类文训练卷阅读下文，回答问题。

小石潭记(节选)从小丘西行百二十步，隔篁竹，闻水声，如鸣珮环，心乐之。

伐竹取道，下见小潭，水尤清冽。

全石以为底，近岸，卷石底以出，为坻，为屿，为嵁，为岩。

青树翠蔓，蒙络摇缀，参差披拂。

潭中鱼可百许头，皆若空游无所依，日光下澈，影布石上。

佁然不动，俶尔远逝，往来翕忽，似与游者相乐。

潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。

其岸势犬牙差互，不可知其源。

坐潭上，四面竹树环合，寂寥无人，凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃。

以其境过清，不可久居，乃记之而去。

同游者：吴武陵，龚古，余弟宗玄。

隶而从者，崔氏二小生，曰恕己，曰奉壹。

1．解释下列句中加点的词。

(1)心乐．之()(2)佁然．．不动()(3)其岸势犬牙．．差互()(4)乃记之而去．()2．下列加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是()A．全石以为．底不足为．外人道也B．乃记之而．去有闻而．传之者C．乃．记之而去乃．不知有汉，无论魏晋D．心乐之．山川之．美3．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。

(1)潭中鱼可百许头，皆若空游无所依。

________________________________________________________________________(2)潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．下列对选文分析不正确的一项是()A．第一段围绕着“石”来写，在移步换景中引导读者去领略不同的景致。

B．第二段写了游鱼、阳光和影子，动静结合，展现了生动的画面，目的是表现鱼的活跃、可爱。

C．作者的感情随景而变，由乐而忧。

D．柳宗元被贬失意，心情抑郁，所以认为小石潭“不可久居”。

八年级语文下册阅读理解专项训练(精华版)

八年级语文下册阅读理解专项训练(精华版)八年级语文下册阅读理解专项训练（精华版）一、现代文阅读(35分)一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一：小说作为一种文学形式，属于艺术之范畴，其终极旨归应为“诗”。

诗性当是小说作为一种文学形式的突出特征。

作家要艺术化地去处置现实，提升小说作为故事性文本的艺术含量，从而使其抵达更高层次的诗性彼岸。

过度地沉迷于故事性，便会遮蔽或者丧失其诗性，而堕入通俗性的歧途。

如何合理地掌控故事性和诗性之关系，应当成为小说家的第一要务。

综观中国当代小说的创作现状，诗性的缺失，正使其在背离葆有更高艺术含量的“纯文学”轨道上渐行渐远，而堕入了通俗性、庸俗化的平庸之境。

小说是当下最为繁荣的文学体裁，取得了不俗的成绩。

但一些作家似乎过多沉迷于叙述模式的借鉴和实验，陶醉于魔幻现实的营造，痴心于恢宏历史的展现，执着于玄妙故事的构思，却忽视或者漠视了小说诗性的构建。

在他们的作品中，难于找寻到诗化的现实、诗意的语言和充满XXX的意象，而直露的现实、粗鄙的语言和意象的缺席，却占据了不小的空间。

而且，过度商业化的氛围造成了他们心态的浮躁和对利益的追逐，从而进一步加剧了小说的通俗性和庸俗化，使其几乎成了“快餐文化”的一分子。

这并不是对中国当代小说的全面否定。

中国当代小说中不乏富有诗性、艺术水准颇高的佳作，但这类作品似乎正在日益被通俗性的潮流冲刷、侵蚀。

摘编自XXX《小说亟待提升诗性品格》)资料二：XXX认为，文学是人们在天地之间创造出来的崭新的诗意的世界，是借文字展示的诗意生存的生命。

日常生活是非诗意的，我们只有通过文学的引领才能到达诗意，感受无限，领悟神圣。

既然日常生活总是被非诗意遮蔽着，是庸常的、缺乏艺术质感的，而文学又必须是充满诗意的，那么，文学活动的第一步就应该是对生活进行异质化处理，也就是把客观生活改造成能够体现人生的普遍经验的、心灵化和情态化了的主客观相统一的诗意的生活。

部编版八年级语文现代文阅读训练经典题目(附答案)(2)

部编版八年级语文现代文阅读训练经典题目(附答案)(2)一、现代文阅读1．现代文阅读阅读下文，回答问题。

胸存大道自从容周铁钧①大道生万物，百态出自然，天地人寰统归大道。

《礼记·礼运》说：“大道之行也，天下为公。

”大道不是小道，不是小我；大道是理想信念、天性尊严、国家社稷、百姓黎民。

胸存大道，就会处变不惊，淡定从容，蕴含浩然正气，尽展光风霁月。

②“竹林七贤”之一的嵇康因人诬陷，被处极刑。

在刑场上，他给来送行的太学生弹奏了古曲《广陵散》。

他面琴席坐，神色安详，初起音律幽淡，逐渐沉郁悲愤。

弦断音止，嵇康仰天大笑，起身信步走向断头台。

他拒绝与司马氏合作，愤世抗俗，用生命维护了高洁傲岸的尊严；他不卑不亢，激昂豪迈，用琴声演绎了一曲大道从容的千古绝响。

③苏东坡密州治蝗，徐州抗洪，杭州修堤，为官一任，造福一方。

虽屡遭贬谪，九死一生，他依然能在孤独中不断成熟，修得淡泊与宁静。

“莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行”，这是经过了自省的沉淀、洗刷了偏激的淡定，是无须声张的厚实、散发光辉的睿智。

他于灾难之后重生，宠辱不惊，一心为国家社稷，一心为黎民苍生。

④可见，胸存大道就是信念坚定，爱憎分明；胸存大道就是叩问人生，心系百姓。

践行大道，就要不忘初心，始终如一，纵然形势千钧一发，生死攸关，依然如朝阳般喷薄，似苍松般挺拔。

自古及今，中华优秀儿女都在用生命和激情诠释着大道从容。

⑤北宋抗金名将岳飞在惨遭迫害、国破家亡时，仍胸怀收复失地、雪耻报国的激昂，这是古代民族英雄气节崇高的大道从容；西南联大师生在山河破碎、颠沛流离时，仍与国家民族共进退，这是现代知识分子救亡图存的大道从容；________________________。

他们的大道从容表现为坚守节操，心存家国，恪尽职守。

⑥普通百姓，或许少有气吞山河的舞台，也没有慷慨悲壮的机遇，但诚实友爱、奉献互助，担家责、守国法，就是烟火平民的处世大道。

在实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的新时代，我们唯有胸存大道，才能无所畏惧，勇于担当，创造更美好的未来。

新目标八年级上册英语期末阅读理解专项训练及答案二

新目标八年级上册英语期末阅读理解专项训练及答案二Part1As I was leaving to meet Lynne, my roommate told me that I’d better take some money. But I didn’t listen to him. I thought that Lynne would pay because she had invited me. I arrived at the restaurant exactly on time. I’d been told that Americans expect you to be on time. Lynne and I sat at a table in the corner of restaurant and a waitress came and took our order.The dinner was a great success. I talked a lot about Saudi Arabia and Lynne told me all about herself. After two hours, the waitress finally came and asked if we wanted one check or two. Lynne said two. We went to the cashier and Lynne paid her check. I was embarrassed (尴尬) when the cashier gave me my bill. I had no money to pay for my meal. Then I had an idea. I pretended to look for something in my pockets and said, “Oh! I forgot my wallet! Can I call my roommate, please?” The cashier showed me where the phone was and I quickly called my roommate. In a few minutes, he arrived with some money, but he couldn’t hide how he felt. He laughed all the way home. Now, I think it’s funny too, but at that time I was terribly embarrassed. I thought that an invitation to have dinner in the United States meant the same thing as that in China. I guess you have to understand that your customs are only your customs. When you visit a foreign country, you have to learn about their customs, too.( ) 1. The writer’s roommate advised the writer to take some money with him ______.A. to pay for the mealB. to share the cost of the mealC. to invite Lynne to dinnerD. to pay for the taxi( ) 2. The roommate laughed all the way home because ________.A. the writer was embarrassed when he couldn’t pay his checkB. the writer hadn’t told Lynne the truthC. the writer listened to him when he left the house.D. the dinner wasn’t a great success( ) 3. The writer and Lynne ________.A. enjoyed their meal very muchB. didn’t finish successfully their mealC. traveled to Saudi Arabia togetherD. weren’t happy during the dinner ( ) 4. What is the passage mainly about?A. People should always take some money with them.B. A Chinese man must pay for the meal.C.A good roommate can really help you a lot.D. Customs can be entirely (完全地) different in different countries.Part2Last summer, Cathy’s family went to New York City for their summer vacation. They stay there for two weeks. New York City has about seven and a half million people. It is the largest city in the United States.First they visited the Statue of Liberty. It is one of New York’s most well-known historical sites（历史景点）. Millions of people visit it every year.On the second day, they went to the Empire State Building. From the top of the building, they saw most parts of New York. On the third day, they visited the Metropolitan Museum. In this museum, they saw a lot of famous paintings. During the rest time of the week, Cathy went to Bronx Zoo with her younger brother and sister.In the second week, the family visited Long Island. They all had a good time.( )1．Cathy’s family went to ________ for their summer vacation.A. New YorkB. LondonC. ParisD. Beijing ( )2．New York has about ________ people.A. 7,000,000B. 7,500,000C. 8,000,000D. 8,500,000( )3．The underlined word “It” refers to _________.A. New YorkB. the United StatesC. Cathy’s homeD. New York’s historical site ( )4．Cathy’s family visited _________ on the first day of their summer vacation.A. the Statue LibertyB. the Empire State BuildingC. the Metropolitan MuseumD. Bronx Zoo( )5．_________ they visited Long Island.A. On the first dayB. In the first weekC. On the second dayD. In the second weekPart3Can you understand the following words?“Long time no see.”“Good good study, day day up.”“I like your smile, but dislike you put your shoes on my face.”Yes, we call these examples Chinglish, like “people mountain, people sea”.Chinglish usually means English words with Chinese grammar on street signs or products（商品）. However, many English speaking tourists love them. Tom has been living in Beijing for years. “I think many Chinese people dislike Chinglish. But I love it. It’s quite interesting. I think if the translations（翻译）of English in China are all perfect（完美的）, something will be lost from Chinese culture. So, it is also a part of Chinese culture.”However, Chinglish will probably become a part of history in future. Beijing has made a plan to correct（改正）Chinglish within five years. “It is so funny to see Chinglish on the signs. And they are a kind of trouble for communication（交流）between the Chinese and foreigners,” a Beijinger said.However, some people in China like Chinglish. They think that English has “borrowed”(借) a lot fro m other languages such as German, French and Spanish（西班牙语）in the past, and now as Chinese’s turn.( )1. What is Chinglish according to the passage?A. The English words easy to pronounce.B. The Chinese words difficult to translate.C. The English words with Chinese grammar.D. The Chinese words with English grammar that foreigners love.( )2. What does “people mountain, people sea” mean?A. There are many people.B. People are on the mountain and in the sea.C. Al l the people are running.D. People are taller and taller.( )3. What does Tom think about Chinglish?A. It shows Chinese are popular.B. It is hated by all foreign tourists.C. It helps him to learn English well.D. It is also a part of Chinese culture.( )4. The last paragraph but one (倒数第二段) tells us that Beijing will____.A. correct Chinglish in futureB. change English and ChineseC. help foreigners to learn ChinglishD. put English words into Chinese( )5. Some people, who love Chinglish, think that it is fine for English to borrow something from_____.A. FrenchB. ChineseC. SpanishD. GermanPart4Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a ＄10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all! X Kb1. ComBecause of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable（可行的）. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, theportable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff (职员) use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world.They can see everything and do everything."( )1. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to _____.A. use for their schoolwork anywhereB. access the InternetC. work at homeD. connect them to libraries( )2. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “portable computers”?A. 手提电脑B. 台式电脑C. 电脑网络D. 主机电脑( )3. Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computers.B. 1500 students have laptops.C. It is an old college in America.D. Students there can do everything.( )4. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can _____.A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops( )5. What can we infer (推断)from the passage?A. The program is successfulB. The program is not workable.C. The program is too expensive.D. We don't know the result yet.Part5After the new Disney movie, Zootopia, was on in the movie theatres on March 4, 2016, It made a new record(记录) soon. It was very popular and many people went to watch this movie.“Zootopia” is a city of animals. Judy Hopps, a rabbit, is a police officer. She has to find a bad man, a fox.(狐狸) But later, they find that they have to work together to find a lost husband. Ginnifer Goodwin gave the voice of officer Judy Hoops. Byron Howard, Rich Moore and Jared Bush directed(导演) this film. They told the newspaper that they wanted to make a spy movie (间谍片) in several different animal worlds at first. But later, they found one kind of animal world would be more interesting, so they changed the story.In order to make the film wonderful, they went to visit many animal experts all over the world. It took them a lot of time to learn more about the animals before building the animal world.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

八年级语文期末阅读训练

八年级语文期末阅读训练(一)仰俯终宇宙，不乐复何如。

曾经看过一部沙漠纪录片，荒旱的沙碛上，因为一阵偶雨，遍地野花猛然争放，错觉里几乎能听到轰然一响，所有的颜色便在一刹间窜上地面，像什么壕沟里埋伏着的万千勇士奇袭而至。

那一场烂漫真惊人，那时候，你会惊悟到原来颜色也是有欲望，有性格，甚至有语言，有欢呼的!而我自己的生命，不也是这样一番来不及地吐艳吗?细想起来，怎能不生大感激大欢喜，就连气恼郁愤的时候，反身自问，也仍是自庆自喜的，一切烦恼原是从有我而来，从肉身而来，但这一个“我”、这一个“肉身”却也来之不易啊!是神话里的山精水怪桃柳鱼蛇修炼千年以待的呢!即使要修到神仙，也须先做一次人身哩!《新约》中的耶稣，其最动人处便在破体而出舍入尘寰而为人身，仿佛一位父亲俯身于沙堆里，满面黑污地去和小儿女办家家酒。

得到这样的肉身，是所有的动物、植物、矿物仰首以待的，天上神明俯身以就的，得到这样清亮飒爽如黎明新拭的肉身，怎能不大喜若狂呢?莎士比亚在《第十二夜》里有一段论爱情的话：你要这样想：“求爱得爱固然好，没有求，就给你，更是宝。

”如果以之论生命，也很适用，这一番气息命脉是我们没有祈求就收到的天宠，这一副骨骼筋络是不曾耕耘便有的收获。

至于可以辨云识星的明眸，可以听雨闻风的聪耳，可以感春知秋的慧觉，哪一样不如同悬崖上的吊松，野谷里的幽兰，是一项不为而有不豫而成的美丽。

这一切，竟都在我们的无知浑噩中完足了，想来怎能不顶礼动容，一心赞叹!肉身有它的欲苦，它会饥饿——但饥饿亦是美好的，没有饥饿感，婴儿会夭折，成人会消损，而且，大快朵颐的喜悦亦将失落。

肉身会疲倦困顿——但世上又岂有什么仙境比梦土更温柔。

在那里，一切的乏劳得到憩息，一切的苦烦暂且卸肩，老者又复其童颜，羸者又复其康强，卑微失意的角色，终有其可以昂首阔步的天地，原来连疲倦困顿也是可以击节赞美的设计，可以欢忭踊颂的策划。

肉身会死亡，今日之红粉，竟是明日之髑髅，此刻脑中之才慧，亦无非他年缕蚁之小宴。

人教部编版语文八年级上册课外阅读训练-第1单元记叙文阅读-2 专题二通讯

专题二通讯专题精讲知识要点通讯是一种以报道典型事件或典型人物为主的新闻文体，它和新闻（消息）一样，具有严格的真实性、强烈的现实性、较强的时间性。

但新闻以报道事件为主；通讯则既可记事也可写人，而且要努力写出人物的思想，突出事件的思想意义，具有较大的启发教育作用。

新闻的叙述比较简括，一般讲排斥描写、议论和抒情；而通讯的叙述则比较详细具体，并常用较多的描写，比较形象生动，也常用议论、抒情及其他写作手法，以突出中心思想，增强感染力量。

从表现方法上分，通讯有“新闻通讯”和“文艺通讯”，后者有比较浓厚的文学色彩，篇幅也更长。

从内容上讲，则有人物通讯、事件通讯、工作通讯、概貌通讯等。

命题规律通讯是八年级上册学习内容，要求掌握通讯的类型及其特点。

通讯的考点与记叙文的考点基本相同。

备考策略熟悉通讯的类型及特点，经常阅读报刊，及时了解国际国内新近发生的重大事件与新近涌现的新闻人物，把握时代脉搏。

例文导读南京大屠杀（节选）在人类历史上，恐怕没有比日军在南京的杀人竞赛更残暴、更无人性的了。

①1937年12月的《东京日日新闻》刊登了这样一幅照片：两个日本军官，各举战刀，狰狞而笑，标题是“超纪录的百人斩”。

照片左侧有“百人斩竞争之两将校”的注释，津津．．乐道．．②地报道了两个日本军官如何在中国南京紫金山麓进行一场杀人竞赛，如何在一大堆砍下的中国人头旁含笑论胜负。

两个杀人狂属日军第16师团富山大队，一个叫向井敏明，炮兵小队长，一个叫野田岩，副官。

1937年12月英文《日本公告》是这样报道的：“向井敏明少尉和野田岩少尉举行杀人友谊比赛，看谁能在完全占领南京之前，首先杀死100名中国人。

现在他们的比赛将要接近尾声。

朝日新闻从前线发回的报道说，星期日，他们的比赛成绩如下：向井敏明少尉，杀死了78人，目前胜负难以分清，比赛还要继续。

”1937年12月《大美晚报》接着这样报道：“12月10日中午，两人各执已成缺口之刀，会聚一起，野田说：‘我已杀死105人，你杀了多少？’向井说：‘我都已经杀106人。

2021年暑假八年级语文阅读训练——说明文2

2021暑假语文阅读训练——说明文2阅读《动物奇特的语言》，按文后要求作答。

①人类信息的交流离不开语言。

那么，动物有没有“语言”呢？常言说：“人有人言，兽有兽语。

”所谓动物“语言”一般是指同一种动物的不同个体之间传递信息的动作、气味和声音。

②动物的动作是一种常见的“语言”。

例如，鹿科动物的小尾巴反面是白色的，当它们遇到危险时，就会把尾巴撅起，露出反面的白色，像摇动着的白色“信号”，在绿色丛林地带非常显眼，可以告诉自己的同类：跟我来，快逃跑。

工蜂发现蜜源后，会通过国形舞和“8”字摆尾舞把蜜源的距离和方向告诉自己的同伴。

雄孔雀在求偶时，会翩翩起舞，来表达对雌孔雀的“爱慕”。

一只猩猩经过人的训练，能掌握几百个用手势表达的“单词”与人进行简单的“交谈”。

③气味是一种特殊的“语言”。

昆虫体表的腺体能分泌信息激素，这是一类挥发性的有独特气味的化学物质。

尾虫的纷飞、聚集、追踪和避敌都是在一定的气味控制下进行的。

例如，一种雌蛾在交配产卵前仅能分泌0.1微克的性外素，但雄蛾依靠头部的触角甚至在1公里外都能接收到这种信号。

可见，雄蛾的嗅觉十分灵敏，几乎只要一个气味分子作用于雄蛾的触角，就足以引导雄蛾与雌蛾“约会”。

蜜蜂分群时，蜂王离开原来的蜂巢到另一个地方，能分泌一种聚集激素，使失散的蜜蜂聚集在自己的周围，能很快组成一个新的蜂群。

蚂蚁外出寻物时，能利用它分泌的追踪激素标志路线，引导同巢的其他蚂蚁寻找食物的所在地。

蚜虫发现七星瓢虫等天敌前来袭击时，马上分泌告警激素，警告其他蚜虫不要前来，以免被吃。

④当然，动物的声音更是一种重要的“语言”。

据动物学家研究，猪有23种声音的信号，狐狸有36种声音信号。

在模仿声音能力方面，一种叫库科尼亚的鹦鹉“会说”上百个单词和几十句话。

海豚是一种很聪明的哺乳动物，其大脑的体积和表面积远大于其他灵长动物，科学工作者正试图破译海豚的语言，使人与海豚进行“对话”。

15.文章②、③、④段采用分类别的说明方法依次从动物的_________、___________和__________三个方面来说明动物奇特的语言。

八年级上语文说明文阅读练习含答案

八年级上语文说明文阅读练习含答案（一）有趣的彗星世界彗星是围绕太阳运行的一种质量很小的天体，由于它的形状像扫帚，所以又叫扫帚星.彗星都有一个椭圆形的运行轨道，运行周期也长短不一.如海尔—波普彗星的运行周期为3000年，而哈雷彗星的运行周期却只有76年.彗星的尾巴叫彗尾，是它最朦胧和最具风采的部分.一般彗尾巴只有几千公里长，但最长的彗尾则可达几亿公里，可谓天地万物中独一无二的大尾巴了.它在茫茫太空，宛如一把辉煌巨帚，横扫遥遥之路.人类自发现彗星轨道以来，发现临近地球最近的一颗彗星是伊拉斯—阿拉基—阿尔科克彗星，它在1983年5月11日，距地球只有500万公里，可说与地球“擦肩而过”了.由于人类长期的天象观测，至今已发现1600多颗彗星绕太阳运行.纷繁有趣的彗星世界，使人们遐想万千.彗星究竟诞生何处，一直是天文学家们探索的课题.近年，美国“哈勃”天文望远镜发现太阳系边缘有一个庞大的彗星“摇篮”.“摇篮”呈环状，内环位于天王星轨道之外，外环则超出了冥王星轨道.这个“摇篮”中约有2亿个彗星“婴儿”，它们主要由直径10—500公里的冰块和石块组成.由于太阳系中各大星球错综复杂的引力作用，“婴儿”一旦被什么外来碎块撞击，便偏离自己原来的轨道而成为“游子”.“游子”因太阳强大的引力，朝着太阳方向飞去.途中，冰块等物质受太阳光热而蒸发，并在太阳风的作用下飘成扫帚状，成为它美丽的大尾巴.人类通过对彗星的遥测，发现彗星能释放X射线.美国堪萨斯大学的有关研究小组揭示，太阳风的离子和彗星的相互作用是彗星释放X射线的起因.科学家们还就彗星上存在大量冰块而提出假设，认为地球上的水来自远古时期撞击地球的彗星，并以此解释海洋形成之谜.然而这种假设能否成立，关键就看彗星上的微量元素与海洋中的微量元素是否一致.据报道，美国正准备用探空火箭去索取彗星资料，对此，人们只有拭目以待，并期盼佳音.1. 文中第一段说明了哪几个方面的内容？2. 第二段文字说明的主要内容是：3. 第二段中用了一个系列性的比喻来说明彗星的形成过程，它们是：4. 第三段文字中“假设”的内容，与第二段中哪一句话相照应？5. 第三段文字中“拭目以待，并期盼佳音”指的是什么？6. 用下定义的方法说说什么是“彗星”.（二）前途似锦的光纤通信①唐代诗人王之涣由长安回并州（今太原）路经蒲州时，曾写了一首诗：白日依山尽，黄河入海流.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼.②这首诗描述了两个光学方面的重要现象：第一，太阳光是白色的；第二，站得高才能看得远.当然一千多年前的人是无法对这两个现象做出科学解释的，但是随着科学技术的发展，人们对光的认识逐步深化，这两个现象也就容易理解了.③太阳光为何是白色的？原来光是波动的一种形式，不同的色光对应有不同的波长，太阳光大约含有300纳米到900纳米的波，波长由短到长，依次按紫.蓝.青.绿.黄.橙.红的次序排列，各种颜色的光混到一起，所以阳光呈白色.④为什么站得高看得远呢？原来光是按直线传播的，地球表面是个球面，由观察点对球面做条切线，切线下面所对应的弧长就是所能看到的距离.所以离地越高，看得也就越远.⑤人们在揭示了白色的奥秘之后又不断地对单色光进行研究，终于在1960年制成激光器而产生了激光.激光是一种频带很窄的单色光，是用特殊物质受激光辐射产生的.激光比白光的能量容易集中，它的一个重要用途就是进行激光通信.激光通信的优点是用小天线便可产生窄波束，光的方向集中，比探照灯要强许多倍，如同一个神枪手可瞄准5公里之外苍蝇的眼睛，激光通信的另一优点是通信容量大，一个激光通信线路，可同时供一万多对用户打电话.直接利用激光通信的方式称为大气激光通信.大气激光通信也有其缺点，主要是激光传播易受雾.雨.雪等气候影响.近年来又在大气激光通信的基础上发展了光纤通信.⑥光纤通信就是用纯净的高透明度玻璃做成光学纤维输线，它只有头发丝十分之一的粗细，让激光在光纤中传输，用以传输信息进行通信.光纤通信实际上就是有线的光通信，但比现在的有线电通信容量却大几万倍；况且用石英.玻璃制成的光纤代替了铜.铝等金属制成的导线，不但成本低廉，而且原材料比比皆是.光纤通信的另一优点是不受电磁波的干扰，比较安全可靠，线路也很轻便.光纤通信目前正处在大力发展阶段，关键是如何制造出透明纯净.传输损耗小.柔软可曲的光学纤维及其它配套设备.随着现代科学技术的发展，光纤通信将会日益普及.可以说它是一种前程似锦的通信方式.1. 本文说明的内容是______________ ____.2. 文章开头有何特点？这样开头有何好处？3. 说明文写作也讲求详略.激光的产生属于___________写，激光的重要用途.激光的优点是属于___________写.详略写的依据是_______________.4. 本文的说明顺序是___________顺序中从___________到___________.5. 文中第⑥段可分几层？怎么分？6. 文章运用了哪些说明方法？7. 光纤通信具有哪些优点？8. 文中第⑥段加点的“它”指代的是_______ ________. （三）智能材料人或动物的皮肤划破出血或者骨折了，经过一段时间后，会自然愈合；蚯蚓.石龙子.海参等自然界的生物.都具有自我修复的功能.受生物自愈原理启发，科学家设想，在制造飞机.舰船或建造大桥.高楼的时候，能否使其中的一些关键材料也变得有“感觉”，有“反应”呢？能不能在某些材料中“添加”一些特别的成分，使大桥在发生故障之前就能发出警报，或使舰船在出现裂痕时就能自动修复呢？这一大胆设想，使一种新型材料——智能材料诞生了.到了20世纪90年代，科学家研制出一些智能材料，这些材料已经具备“发现故障”和“自我修复”的功能了.科学家称智能材料为机敏材料.它把高科技的传感器或敏感元件等与传统的材料结合在一起，使无生命的材料具有了“感觉”和“修复”能力.例如，人们将导电性能较好的碳素纤维与玻璃纤维等集束在一起，制得的智能材料，在较强外力作用下扭曲时，其中的碳素纤维因较脆而首先被部分或全部折断，从而使材料的电阻发生相应的变化，据此可预测出该材料受损的程度.再如在混凝土材料中，预先埋入大量装有裂纹修补剂的空心纤维，当混凝土受压开裂时，这些空心纤维也会裂开一个小口子，从而释放出修补剂，把裂纹重新粘接起来.当前，科学家已经能将体积极小的信号传感器和微电子计算器埋入材料，这种智能材料在局部出现问题时，计算器收到信号后即会发出指令，使一些形状记忆合金和胶粘之类的物质发生变化，起到自动加固的作用.智能材料尽管仅仅是起步，但它代表着未来材料发展的智能化趋势.目前，科学家们正在不断地研究，希望能从生命现象中进一步得到启发，以便找出更好的研究智能材料的数据的线索.1. 具有__________和__________功能的材料是智能材料.2. 第三段中的两个例子分别说明了什么？这种说明方法有什么作用？3. 当前最先进的智能材料是如何制成的？4. 最后一段中“希望能从生命现象中进一步得到启发”这句话和第一段中的哪句话相照应？5. “智能材料尽管只有短短几十年历史，但已经能够广泛应用于社会生产实践中”这种说法是否符合文章原意？请回答并说明理由.（四）媒体一词出自英语的“media”.我们日常生活离不开信息，媒体是帮助我们表达.存储.传递信息的工具和手段，如报纸杂志上的文字.广播电视上的声音.图像等.从原始语言，到活字印刷，到当代的音像技术，是媒体发展所经历的三个阶段.随着科技的进步，媒体单一的传递.存储功能越来越多地融入了舒适性及欣赏成分，人们对这方面的追求推动了媒体的不断更新换代.于是，家用电器也像多功能组合家具一样走上了集成化发展的道路，将电视机.录像机.音响.电话以及已经进入家庭生活的微机.传真机等集于一身的多媒体装置（通称多媒体）应运而生了.多媒体的核心部分是计算机.计算机的高速运算全凭以开关电路的通断来表示的二进制语言，电话.电视等单一媒体在纳入计算机和统领之前，首先要把它们各自的文字.声音.图像都转化成计算机世界通用的二进制语言.多媒体通过计算机，用这种数字化方式把文字.声音.图像综合在一起处理，进行信息的存储或传递.多媒体通过计算机的应用范围很广.例如收看影视，普通的电视机图像水平分辨率为600—800线，而目前大多数微机显示屏都具有水平解像度高达1024线的超高分辨率，展示的画面更为清晰.细腻，使用起来比普通电视机要胜一筹.又如电视购物，用户可以坐在家里的微机前，利用键盘和鼠标，把某商场供货资料调到显示屏上，逐一挑选，而后订购自己称心如意的商品.此外，多媒体用于电视会议，可帮助人们免除车马劳顿，与会者可以守着家中的多媒体，与住在各地的代表共聚一“堂”，既闻其声，又见其人.按同应用原理，通过多媒体，医生可以远距离为患者看病，科研人员可以坐在工作室里查阅各地图书馆里的资料，学生可以坐在家里听老师讲课.至于收视时事新闻.商业行情.天气预报等等则是多媒体所具备的基本功能.用户可以根据需要，随时提取或传递有文字.有声音.有图像的真切的信息.1. 上文的说明对象是____________；从“多媒体的应用范围很广”至结尾，说明的对象则是____________.2. 下列四句中不是说明多媒体的特征的一项是（）A. 伴随人们的舒适和欣赏的需求而产生.B. 集多种单一媒体于一身，显示多种功能.C. 以计算机为核心，综合处理文字.声音.图像等信息.D. 能灵活方便地进行信息的表达.存储或传递.3. 上文在说明媒体时，采用了____________和____________的说明方法；在说明多媒体的影视收看这种功能时，采用的是____________和____________的说明方法.4. 全文的主要说明顺序是________________________.5. 请用“‖”将全文分成三层.6. 文中加点的“大多数”为什么不能去掉？八年级语文说明文课外阅读训练（二）（五）植物的“爱恨情仇”并不是人类和动物才懂得爱和恨，植物也有“爱和恨”.当然这种“爱和恨”不是感情的表现，而是体现在生长状况上：有的植物能和睦相处，有的则是“冤家对头”.科学家经过实践证明：洋葱和胡萝卜是好朋友，它们发出的气味可驱赶相互的害虫；大豆喜欢与蓖麻相处，蓖麻散发出的气味使危害大豆的金龟子望而生畏；玉米和豌豆间作，两者生长健壮，相互得益；葡萄园里种上紫罗兰，能使结出的葡萄香甜味浓；玫瑰和百合是好朋友，把它们种在一起，能促进花繁叶茂；旱金莲单独种植时，花期只有一天，但如果让它与柏树为伴，花期可延长三四天；在月季花的盆土中种几棵大蒜或韭菜，能防止月季得白粉病.英国科学家用根.茎.叶都散发化学物质的莲线草与萝卜混作，半个月内就长出了大萝卜.相反，有一些植物则是“冤家对头”，彼此水火不容.如丁香花和水仙花不能在一起，因为丁香花的香气对水仙花危害极大；郁金香和毋忘草.丁香花.紫罗兰都不能生长在一起，否则会互不相让；麦.玉米.向日葵不能和白花草.木樨生长在一起，不然会使这些作物一无所获；另外，黄瓜和番茄，荞麦和玉米，高粱和芝麻等，也都不能种在一起.研究植物之间的相生相克，是一门新兴学科——生物化学群落学.科学家认为，这门科学可以指导人们更好地规划城市绿化.美化环境，合理布局农作物种植.在栽培植物时，应注意把相互有利的栽在一起，千万不要让“冤家对头”同居，以免同室操戈，两败俱伤.1. 本文的说明内容是：________________________________________________2. 通读全文，用平实的语言解释第①段中的“和睦相处”和“冤家对头”.3. 本文主要运用了____________的说明方法.“旱金莲单独种植时，花期只有一天，但如果让它与柏树为伴，花期可延长三四天”这句话运用了_________._________的说明方法，作用是________________________________________________.4. 研究植物之间的相生相克有什么作用？（用原文回答）5. 用自己的话，简要说说本文的说明条理.（六）蜜蜂消失，人类只能再活四年?①大多数人一想起蜜蜂，都会想到蜂蜜.蜂胶.蜂王浆……但这和蜜蜂对大自然作出的最大贡献——维持生物多样性相比，实在太微不足道了.爱因斯坦曾经预言：“如果蜜蜂从地球上消失，那人类只能再活四年.”因为，蜜蜂是为植物授粉的一支生力军.世界上有数万种植物的繁育依靠蜜蜂授粉，而在人类所种植的农作物中，也有1000多种离不开蜜蜂.②假如蜜蜂消失，人们将告别大多数的粮食和蔬菜瓜果.此外，蜜蜂还为众多饲料植物授粉，没有它，肉类和牛奶也将变得稀有和昂贵；世界上植物类型变得单调，这会直接影响各种动物的生存……也就是说：如果在生态系统中丢失了一个环节，整个系统便会开始崩溃.③令人不安的是，蜜蜂消失的事件正在发生.在美国，一些蜜蜂突然神秘地消失得无影无踪，在不到一年的时间里，美国有超过60％的蜜蜂消失.如今，蜜蜂消失现象又像瘟疫一样传到了德国.瑞士.西班牙.葡萄牙.意大利和希腊等欧洲国家.④实际上，不仅仅是蜜蜂遭遇到了生存危机，没有天敌的北极霸主——北极熊也被列为了潮危动物.由于气候变暖，北极熊生活的冰面缩小，食物来源变得稀缺，让北极熊的数量也越来越少.冬天，居然有饥肠辘辘的北极熊残忍地捕杀小熊来填饱肚子.⑤根据联合国的一份报告，目前物种灭绝的速度由大致每天一种加快到每小时一种，比以前快了约1000倍，比新物种的形成速度更是快了100万倍.即使根据最保守的估计，地球上也有至少10％的物种正在面临生存威胁.⑥一旦某种生物绝种，就永远消失，无法弥补；而每当我们失去一样物种，我们就失去一项对未来的选择.随着某种生物的灭绝，或许治疗艾滋病.或发展抗病毒农作物的希望也会跟着破灭.⑦在地球史上，曾经发生过5次物种灭绝.最近的一次发生在6500万年前，一次陨石撞击地球，造成了包括恐龙在内的大量物种的灭绝. 目前，地球再一次走向物种灭绝的边缘，原因却是人类本身的行为：在过去的100年里，地球上45％的森林已经被砍伐掉了；全球20％的珊瑚礁已经遭到无法逆转的彻底破坏，而另外50％的珊瑚礁也接近崩溃边缘……联合国将2010年定为“国际生物多样性年”，呼吁各国政府和全世界人民共同努力来保护地球上的生命.⑧和很多人的理解不同，在生态系统中，是没有“害虫”和“益虫”这类概念的，每个物种都有其特定的“使命”．．．．．．．.例如，昆虫吃的往往是一些老弱病残的树，或许正好切断了树木疾病的传播途径.因此，地球上的每个物种都值得尊敬和保护.⑨作为人类的个体，我们能为保护生物多样性做出什么贡献呢?我们可以不再吃珍稀野生动物，少吃肉类多吃素食，节约用纸和燃气，少坐车多步行……其实，由于人类活动与生物多样性关系太密切，只要我们能稍微压制一点点欲望，都是对保护生物多样性做出的贡献.1．文章说明了的现状，造成这一现状的主要原因是 .(4分)2．根据第①②段内容，填写下面表格.(3分)3．第⑤段划线句子运用了 . 说明方法，其作用是 .(3分)4．第⑧段中加点词语“特定的‘使命”’指的是 .(2分)5．下列说法不正确的一项是( )(3分)A ．第⑧段中“或许正好切断了树木疾病的传播途径”中“或许”表猜测，体现了说明文语言的准确性.B ．说明文语言也可以生动形象，例如第③段中“神秘地消失得无影无踪”.“像瘟疫一样”等就体现了这一点.C ．从文中可以看出，人类活动与生物多样性关系密切，我们应该从身边的小事做起，来保护地球生物的多样性.D ．本文的说明对象是蜜蜂，按照由个别到一般的顺序进行说明.（七）节约是自然界的神圣法则韩玉荣科学证明，节约是自然界进化发展的神圣法则.稻秆和麦秆等植物都是空心的，其奥秘就在于用最少的材料取得了最稳固的结构.草本植物在风力或果实重力的作用下，秆子会发生压缩.扭转和弯曲.从材料力学的角度分析，实心圆截面秆子和空心圆截面秆子在外径相同的条件下，两者具有相同的抗扭和抗弯能力.显然，植物长成空心秆有利于将攫取的营养集中到果实上来，同时也缩短了生长期，这不是绝妙的生长方法吗?另外，我们常见的葡萄.杨梅等都是圆球状的，是因为建造圆球形物体所耗费的材料最少，而容积却最大.植物如此，动物在发展过程中也极其惊人地贯彻了节约的法则.例如，恒温动物的体温大都在35℃左右，这就是共同的节约法则起到的微妙作用.众所周知，水是动物的基本组成部分，其比热是随着温度变化而变化的.据测定，在35℃时，水的比热最小，这意味着，动物体温为35℃时，为保持体温恒定所需要吸收和放出的热量最少.又比如，蜻蜓的翅膀长只有5厘米，面积4.6平方厘米，重量仅0.005克，然而，它却有足够的强度和刚度，每秒钟能扑动20至40次，飞行速度达到每秒15米，这种翅膀的构造真可谓是节约的典型了.自然界在进化发展过程中所体现出来的节约法则，极大地启发了人类的智慧.例如，人们发现某些植物的叶子是按照螺旋状排列的，夹角是137°30′，这样的叶序排列使植物的采光面最大.于是，建筑设计师就借鉴这个采光原理．．．．．．，设计建造了一座13层高.按螺旋状排列的大楼，结果表明，每个房间都充满了阳光.人们还从下雨的时候雨滴前圆后尖的形状得到启发，设计制造了阻力很小的雨滴状小汽车.空气从车前轻拂而过，在车后也不会形成空气旋涡，行驶速度每小时可达300千米. (12分)1．稻秆和麦秆等植物都是空心的，奥秘是什么?有何好处?(3分)2．第三段主要运用了什么说明方法?有什么作用?(2分)3．文章最后一段加点的“这个采光原理”指代的内容是什么?(2分)4．本文是怎样安排说明顺序的?(3分)5．下列各句的表述符合原文意思的一项是(2分) ( )A.因为实心秆和空心秆具有相同的抗扭和抗弯能力，所以自然界一切植物的秆都应是空心的.B.恒温动物的体温都在35℃左右，这就是共同的节约法则起到的微妙作用.C.蜻蜒的翅膀重量仅0.005克，而面积却有4.6平方厘米，这种构造有悖于节约的法则.D.自然界中节约的神圣法则，极大地启发了人类的智慧，如人们设汁制造了阻力很小的雨滴状小汽车.八年级语文说明文课外阅读训练（答案）（一）1. ①什么是彗星②彗星的运行周期③彗星的尾巴④临近地球最近的彗星2. 彗星诞生何处及彗星和彗尾的形成原因3. 摇篮婴儿游子4. 这个“摇篮”中约有2亿个彗星“婴儿”，它们主要由直径10—500公里的冰块和石块组成5. 看人们能否证明彗星上的微量元素与海洋中的微量元素一致6. 彗星是围绕太阳运行的，由冰块和石块组成的，形状象扫帚的一种质量很小的天体. （二）1. 光纤通信产生，发展及具备的优点2. 引用诗歌，引出下文激起读者阅读兴趣.3. 略，详，依说明的中心内容而定.4. 逻辑顺序.从特点到用途5. 分三层①②③④/⑤/⑥6. 下定义.作比较.列数字.举例子.7. 比现在的有线通信容量大；成本低廉；不受电滋波的干扰，比较安全可靠，线路也很轻便.8. 纯净的高透明玻璃做成的光学纤维输线.（三）1. 发现故障自我修复2. 第一个例子说明智能材料“发现故障”的功能；第二个例子说明智能材料“自我修复”的功能.这种方法更具体地说明了智能材料的特征.3. 科学家将体积小的信号传感器和微电子计算器埋入材料中4. 受生物自愈原理启发5. 不符合.因为智能材料诞生于20世纪90年代，至今只有十几年历史；智能材料只是刚刚起步，尚未广泛应用于社会生产实践中.（四）1. 多媒体多媒体的应用2. A3. 下定义举例子列数据作比较4. 逻辑顺序（从特点到用途，从概括到具体）5. ……应动而生了.‖……进行信息的存或传递‖……6. 不能，“大多数”表示并非“所有的”，去掉后就会让人以为是“所有的”，表意就不准确了.（五）1. 介绍植物间的相生相克现象以及研究这一现象的价值2. “和睦相处”指能种植在一起，“冤家对头”指不能种植在一起.3. 举例子作比较列数字把能够“和睦相处”的植物种植在一起，有利于它们的生长.4. 可以指导人们更好地规划城市绿化，美化环境，合理布局农作物种植5. 先概括说明植物的相生相克现象，然后分别举例加以具体说明，最后说明了研究这一现象的意义和价值.（六）答案14．物种正在加速灭绝人类对自然环境的破坏行为(评分：4分.每空2分)15．a授粉 b农作物 c饲料植物(评分：3分.每空1分)16．列数字作比较准确说明了地球物种消失速度之快(评分：3分.每空1分)17．参考答案：在维持生态平衡中所起的独特的作用(或维持生态平衡)，(评分：2分.只答“独特的作用”得1分)18．D(3分)（七）答案17．(3分)奥秘是用最少的材料取得了稳固的结构.好处有：空心秆有利于将攫取的营养集中到果实上来；空心秆缩短了植物的生长期.18．(2分)列数字(或举例子)；准确(或具体)地说明了动物在发展过程中也贯彻了节约的法则19．(2分)按照螺旋状排列，夹角是137°30′的叶序排列使植物的采光面最大. 20．(3分)本文从植物的节约法则，写到动物的节约法则，再写人类根据自然界的节约法则得到的启示.(3分)21．(2分)D。

新目标八年级下册英语Unit5阅读理解专项训练(二)及答案

新目标八年级下册英语Unit5阅读理解专项训练二一Thanksgiving Day is a public holiday and celebration. It is on the fourth Thursday of November in the US and on the second Monday in October in Canada.For many Americans, it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices and most businesses close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend a vacation.Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember the early days. The most important of the celebration is a traditional dinner with food that comes from North America. The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes and so on.On Thanksgiving there are special television programs and sports events. Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of Christmas period, and the next day many people go out to shop for Christmas presents.()1. When is Thanksgiving Day in Canada?A. The fourth Thursday of November.B. The second Monday in October.C. The fourth Monday of November.D. The second Thursday in October.()2. Is Thanksgiving Day the most important holiday in America?A. Yes, it is.B. No, it isn't.C. We don’t know.D. None is right.()3. Does China have Thanksgiving Day?A. Yes, it does.B. No, it doesn't.C. We don’t know.D. None is right.()4. _________ is the beginning of Christmas period.A. Thanksgiving DayB. Father's DayC. Mother's DayD. Christmas()5. ________ is the most important of Thanksgiving Day.A. TurkeyB. Sweet potatoesC. ShoppingD. A traditional dinner二Ye Shiwen, the famous Chinese swimmer, won gold medals in the 200-meter and 400-meter personal freely swimming and broke the world record in the 400-meter game with the time of 4'28"43 at the 2012 Summer Olympics.As Ye set an Olympic record, winning a second gold in the 200m personal freely swimming on Tuesday night, it was said that in her winning performance in Saturday's 400m race, she swam the last 50m quicker than the men's champion.Two games, two golds, and everybody wants to know if Ye Shiwen has taken something to improve her performance. She faced one question after another over whether she has taken performance-enhancing drugs. At a press conference after she won, she said she agreed with Jiang Zhixue, who earlier in the day told the reporter that some people were biased (有偏见) against Chinese swimmers. He said, “We never questioned Michael Phelps when he won eight gold medals in Beijing. I think it is not right to complain about Chinese swimmers once they have good results. Somepeople are just too jealous.”The 16-year-old Chinese swimmer has been doubted, but the strong-minded girl insisted that she had never taken performance-enhancing drugs. Ye is smaller than most swimmers at her level but has never failed any drug test, and the Olympic organizers spent much of the day defending her, saying all the doubts were “crazy" and "full of jealousy". Sports officials and fans in China have reacted angrily to confusing suggestions by a US swimming coach.()1. Ye Shiwen is a(n) ________.A. American runnerB. British golferC. Chinese swimmerD. German shooting athlete()2. Ye Shiwen broke the ________ world record.A. 200-meter swimmingB. 400-meter swimmingC. 200-meter relay raceD. 400-meter relay race()3. The underlined words in the third paragraph mean ________ in Chinese.A. 毒品B. 药单C. 兴奋剂D. 表现欲()4. The people who said Ye Shiwen had taken performance-enhancing drugs are ________.A.proudB.crazyC.jealousD.crazy and jealous()5. Ye Shiwen is ________ all the time according to this passage.A.jealousB.excitedC.crazyD.clean三American boys and girls love to watch television. Some children spend six hours a day in school and four to six hours a day in front of the television set. Some even watch television for eight hours or more on Sunday.Televisions are like books or films. A child can learn bad things and good things from them. Some shows help children to understand the news and places from other countries or other times in history. With television a child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to the ocean to see a ship. Boys and girls can see a play, a concert or a game at home.Television brings many places and events into our homes. Some programs show crime and other things that are bad for children, so parents sometimes help them find other interesting things to do.()1. American children usually spend ________ a day in school.A. six hoursB. more than eight hoursC. only a few hoursD. four hours()2. Some children spend eight hours or more ________ on Sunday.A.studyingB.playingC.watching TVD.helping their parents()3. On television children can see ________.A.gamesB.big animalsC.oceansD.almost everything()4. "Television brings many places and events into our homes." means ________.A. television makes things happen at homesB. we can know places and events without going to see themC. we can see houses and buildings on TVD. we can find them easily()5. Parents sometimes help their children find other things to do when there is ________ for children.A.a bad programB.an animalC.a gameD.an uninteresting film四One day, a poor man walked past a restaurant. He had only one piece of bread to eat. There was a large pot of soup on the table. The poor man held his bread over the soup, so the steam from the soup went into the bread, and gave it a good smell. Then he ate the bread.The restaurant owner was very angry. He asked the man for money in exchange for the steam from the soup. The poor man had no money, so the restaurant owner took him to a judge.The judge took some money from his pocket. He held the coins next to the restaurant owner's ear, and shook them, so that the restaurant owner could hear the sound of the coins.“What was that？” asked the restaurant owner.“That was the payment for you，” answered the judge.“What do you mean? That was just the sound of coins！” said the restaurant owner.“The sound of the coins is the payment for the steam of the soup，” answered the judge. “Now go back to your restaurant.”()1. What food did the poor man have?A. Soup.B. Bread.C. Cakes.D. Nothing.()2. What does the underlined word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 味道B. 蒸汽C. 香味D. 汤()3. Why did the restaurant owner take the poor man to the judge?A. Because he wanted the judge to help him get the money.B. Because the judge could pay for the soup.C. Because the judge was his friend.D. Because the judge was rich.()4. What did the judge do with the coins?A. He gave them to the restaurant owner.B. He made a sound with them.C. He gave them to the poor man.D. He threw the coins away.()5. What was the payment for the steam of the soup?A.The sound of money.B. A few coins.C. Some money.D. The smell of bread.五Mr. Green asked a lot of questions about the buses. But Sam couldn’t answer them. Here’s a timetable. Friends, after you read it, can you answer Mr. Green’s questions?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight( )2. How often does the bus get to the New Street?A.Every half an hourB. Every twenty minutesC. Every ten minutesD. No answer( )3. At what time does Bus Four leave the Hotel?A.Seven fifty-fiveB. Eight o’clockC. Five minutes past eightD. No answer( )4. I work in the hospital. It is quite near the bus stop. Only three minutes’ walk. I must reach the hospital at eight o’clock. Which bus should I take?A.The first busB. The second busC. The third busD. The fourth bus( )5. I start my work at 8:00. I have breakfast at 7:30. Before breakfast, I must get to the market. Which bus should I take?A.The first bus.B. The second bus.C. The third bus.D. The fourth bus.六It was about 1：00 in the morning. There was bright light in my neighbor's kitchen.I thought he might be having midnight food so I went back to my bed. Soon，there was a burning smell and I realized there must be something wrong. I jumped out of bed at once and went to have a look. I saw fire coming out of his kitchen. I shouted，“Fire！Fire！”But nobody heard me. I ran quickly to my house and called the Fire Department(消防队) and went back to my neighbor's house.I knocked at the door and called my neighbor's name，but there was no answer. I tried to break into the house and saved a cat and a chicken. Then I poured water through the kitchen window but it was no use，because the fire was too big. Luckily，the firemen arrived and put out the fire in time.When my neighbor came back，he was sad because his kitchen was burnt down，but he thanked me for calling the Fire Department and saving his pets.A week later，my neighbor invited me to his home for dinner. In his new kitchen，he took a photo of me. Later on，he gave me the photo as a gift. It made me happy. ()1. When the writer saw the bright light in his neighbor's kitchen，he thought his neighbor was ____.A. having midnight foodB. drinking waterC. playingD. doing the dishes()2. What did the writer do first after he saw fire coming out of his neighbor's kitchen?A. He shouted for help.B. He ran into his house quickly.C. He called the Fire Department.D. He knocked at his neighbor's door.()3. The writer's neighbor kept ____ as pets according to the text.A. a dog and a catB. a cat and a birdC. a dog and a birdD. a cat and a chicken()4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. The writer put out the fire at last.B. The neighbor was at home when the fire happened.C. The neighbor invited the writer to have dinner.D. The writer took a photo with his neighbor in his new kitchen.()5. We can know from the text that the writer is ____.A. outgoingB. famousC. helpfulD. hardworking七One day a poor farmer was taking a bag of rice to the town. Suddenly the bag fell down from his horse on the road. He didn't know what to do with it because it was too heavy for him to lift (举起). He only hoped that somebody would soon pass (经过) by and help him.Just at this moment a man riding a horse came up to him. But the farmer was very disappointed (失望的) when he saw who he was. It was the great man living nearby. The farmer had hoped to ask another farmer or a poor man like him for help.But to his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came near. He talked to the farmer, “I see you need help, my friend. How good it is that I'm here just at the right time！” Then he took one end of the bag, and the farmer took the other. They together lifted it and put it on the horse.“Sir，” asked the farmer, “how can I pay you？”“It's quite easy，” the great man answered with a smile. “Wherever (无论在哪里) you see that anyone is in trouble, do the same for him. ”()1. What happened when the farmer went to the town?A. His horse's leg was hurt.B. The bag fell down from his horse.C. The farmer lost his bag.D. His bag was stolen.()2. The farmer didn't lift the bag onto the horse by himself because ____.A. the bag was brokenB. the horse went awayC. the bag was too heavyD. the farmer was ill()3. Why was the farmer disappointed when he saw the great man? Because he thought the great man ____.A. couldn't see himB. could take away his bagC. could take away his horseD. couldn't help him()4. Who helped the farmer?A. A great man.B. Another farmer.C. A poor man.D. A friend.()5. What does the story mainly (主要地) tell us?A. Everybody should become a great man.B. We should help the man who is in trouble.C. Anybody can't learn from the farmer.D. We should pay for others' help.八I was cleaning out an old box when an old card caught my eye: Queen City Casket Company. “What is it?” I thought. I turned it over. There was a handwritten address. At once my mind traveled back.I was nine years old, walking down the cold streets of Springfield, with a bag of magazines on my back. That day, I got to the company finally. The owner of the company, Mr Rader, always took me to ask his workers if they wanted any magazines.Shaking off the rain like a wet dog, I went into Mr Rader's office. After a quick look, he took me to the fireplace (壁炉). Seeing the holes on my shoes, he said, “Come with me！” He took me to a shoe store and bought me a new pair of shoes.When we were back to his office, Mr Rader took out a card, then wrote something on it and handed it to me. I read, “Do to others as you would have them do to you.”For the first time I thought everything would be all right. With people like Mr Rader, there was hope and love and that would make a difference.()1. What did the writer go to Queen City Casket Company for?A. Selling magazines.B. Borrowing some money.C. Looking for a job.D. Asking Mr Rader for help.()2. Why did Mr Rader buy the writer new shoes?A. Because the writer asked him to do that.B. Because he owned a shoe store.C. Because he saw the writer didn't wear shoes.D. Because he saw the holes on the writer's shoes.()3. What do you think of Mr Rader?A. He was outgoing.B. He was shy.C. He was poor.D. He was kindhearted.()4. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. If you want somebody's help, you have to help him first.B. You should do the things that others want you to do.C. You should do kind things to others if you want them to do the samethings to you.D. Before you do anything, think about what others may do to you.()5. What's the best title for the passage?A. Words that make a differenceB. How to help othersC. Why help othersD. My unhappy childhood九Joe Connor comes from Kinsley and works in an office in Kansas City. His job is a typical ninetofive, MondaytoFriday job. So at the weekend, he does something different. He likes travelling but he works as a volunteer, too. He helps different people for free. Every weekend, there's a new project.This weekend, Joe is helping to build a house. You can see him in the photo. He's moving a large blue panel(板子). It's part of a wall. Joe isn't a professional builder, but that's the interesting thing about this project. The other people are “weekend builders”, too. These “weekend builders” are from the small town of Greensburg in Kansas. A year ago, a tornado(龙卷风)hit their town. After the tornado, the community started a project to build new homes. The project is for 30 new homes. They get some help from a building company and a group of volunteers. Joe says, “I heard about the tornado and the new project. I knew some people in Greensburg. I wanted to help.” Joe's friends are here this weekend too. They're working with Jill and Scott.Jill and Scott are both from Pratt, and they are building their “dream house”. Jill (on the right) is standing near his new house. He's holding a part of the new wall. They're making the house that can fight against tornadoes—that's why it has an unusual shape.Their house is almost ready, so next weekend, Joe is moving to a different project. Why does he do so? “Though busy, I can help people. I can make friends and that is fun! So, why not? ” he says.()1. How long does Joe work every workday?A. 7 hours.B. 8 hours.C. 9 hours.D. 10 hours.()2. What's the meaning of the underlined word professional in paragraph 2?A. 优秀的B. 全职的C. 兼职的D. 专业的()3. Which place did the tornado hit?A. Kinsley.B. Kansas City.C. Pratt.D. Greensburg.()4. Why does Joe choose to work as a volunteer?A. He can make money to travel.B. The work brings him pleasure.C. He always has lots of free time.D. He is good at building houses.()5. What is the writer of the text doing?A. Showing different projects.B. Introducing a tornado.C. Talking about a photo.D. Helping build a house.参考答案一、1-5 BBBAD二、1-5 CBCDD三、1-5 ACDBA四、1-5 BBABA五、1-5. BADAA六、1～5AADCC七、1～5：BCDAB八、1-5 ADDCA九、1-5 BDDBC。

初二英语阅读理解练习下册

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的关于初⼆英语阅读理解练习下册的⽂章，供⼤家学习参考！⼀、完形填空Everyone needs friends. We all like 36 close to someone. 37 is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with.. Certainly, sometimes we need to be alone. We don’t always want people ____38____. But we would feel lonely if we____39____have a friend. No two people are ___40___ . Friends ____41____don’t get on well. That doesn’t mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and become ____42__again.Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very 43 . We miss them very much, but we can 44 them and write to them. It could be that we could even see them again. And we can 45 new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them..( ) 36. A.. look B. watch C. feel( ) 37. A, It B. He C. There( ) 38. A.. alone B. around C. all over( ) 39. A.. ever B. never C. just( ) 40.A. friendly B. kind C. just the same( ) 41.A. always B. sometimes C. often( ) 42.A,friendly B, good C. friends( ) 43.A. angry B, sad C. happy( ) 44.A, call B, ask C. tell( ) 45.A, look for B. find C. make⼆.阅读： (A)I think that I am very lucky because I have a lot of friends.My best friend is Mai. She is 16 years old. She is 2 years older than me. We live in the same village. She is my neighbor and we are now classmates, so we have been friends for so long. Mai is tell and thin. With long black hair, she has got an oval(椭圆形的) face with big bright eyes, a high nose and a small mouth. Mai is very beautiful, especially when she smiles. She is always helpful, polite and honest. When her friends have difficulties, she always tries her best to help them. Although we have the same hobbies and interests, we have different personalities(个性).I am sociable and enjoy telling jokes. My classmates think that I’m rather outgoing(外向的). Unlike me, Mai is quite serous and prefer quietness to noise. However, we can keep secrets together, so we are close friends. Mai is one of the best students in my class and she works hard.I like doing homework with her. She always tries her best to help me with my studies. I think as time goes by, our friendship will be deeper and deeper.( )46.The writer may be ________years old.A.6B.14C.16D.18( )47. The underlined word“sociable”means“_____”in ChineseA.爱交际的B.喜怒⽆常的C.懒惰的D.有耐⼼的( )48. The writer and Mai can become friends mainly because they______A. have the same personalityB. are in the same classC. live in the same villageD. can keep secrets together.( )49.What does the writer think of Mai?A. She is outgoingB. She is a nice girl.C. She is careless.D. She is a lucky girl.( )50.The best title for this passage is“__________”A. How to Make FriendsB. My Good Friend—MaiC. How to Help OthersD. Some Advice on Friendship \(B)True friends are not easy to find, so we should do our best to find real friendship and keep it.When we are with friends, we should try to bring them closer to us. Smile is one of the easiest ways. People like to see happy faces greeting them.When we talk to someone, ask questions to help him or her keep talking. Don’t ask personal questions, or they may want to walk away.Listening is an important pare when you are with friends. You should listen carefully to what people are saying, and respond in the right way. Body language can show that you’re listening.Some people have the same interests and hobbies as you. It’s easier to make friends with them. You may spend hours tallying about the same interests you have.Friendship may last for all our life. We should try to keep it long.( )51. Why should we try to keep our friendship?A. Because we can’t find new friends later.B. Because it’s hard to find true0 friends.C. Because friendship always lasts quite short.D. Because friendship will not last long.( )52. If we are with friends, we should often______ when we talk with them,A. cryB. laughC. smileD. repeat( )53. What does the underlined word“respond”mean?A.⼤笑B.应答C.书写D.拼读( )54. What kind of person is easier to make friends with?A. People who never stop talking.B. People who are good at body languageC. People who like asking personal questionsD. People who have the same interests as you do.( )55. What does the writer think of friendship?A. We should try to keep it long.B. We should make friends with all people.C. Friends must have the same hobbies.D. Friends should always be together第⼆节主题匹配( )56. Do you know how to keep safe during an earthquake(地震)?When an earthquake happens, keep calm(冷静的). The most important part you need to keep safe is your head. If you are outside, stay away from trees, buildings and walls.( )57. As the newest Disneyland in the world, Hong Kong Disneyland is a must-see because of its special Chinese culture. With Mickey Mouse and other Disney friends, you go on a fantastis journey. You can also try a lot of delicious Chinese food there( )58. Do you find that it is difficult to fall asleep? Before going to bed, drink a glass of warm milk. Make sure that your bed and bedroom are comfortable. If you can’t sleep, get up and do something to relax. After a while you should feel tired enough to go to bed again,( )59. It is important for students to know how to keep their eyes healthy when they use a computer. Keep your computer screen 40 to 50 cm away from your eyes. Take a rest every 15 minutes. Remember to wash your hands before touching(触摸) your eyes.三、综合填空When I was 13, a boy gave me an important gift.It was a smile. It was my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away. As a result, no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and a________(71) to make friends with anyone.Every t________(72)I heard the other students talking and laughing, I f_________(73)my heart break. I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems.Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily. At that moment, a boye_________(74) the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He went past me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile.The smile made me feel happy, lively and warm. It changed my life. I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became c__________(75) to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.⼋年级英语(下)英语阅读训练4 班别:________ 姓名:_____________ 学号:__________⼀、完形填空 (本题共10⼩题，每⼩题1分，共⼗分)I think life in the future 36 more omefortable .Maybe there will be 37 people 38 on the earth in the future. So we may live on the moonPeople will get there 39 spaceship and the 40 spend a lot of money 41 it which is cheap. Before the trip, everyone _42_ to book a ticker and buy the spacesuit, which will make you things 43_ on the moon. They will 44 need to 45 their credit card(信⽤卡).And that is enough. Because there will be houses, banks and shops on the moonEveryone in the future will enjoy their life( ) 36. A. is B. will be c. will is( ) 37. A. may B. much c. more( ) 38. A. lived B. living C. live( ) 39. A. by B. at C. on( ) 40. A. won’t B. will C. don’t( ) 41. A. in B. for C. on( ) 42. A. need B. will need C. needed( ) 43. A. interesting B. heavier C. easily( ) 44. A. too B. either C. also( ) 45. A. take B. bring C. give⼆、阅读： (A)The computers changed our lives in the 1980s, the Internet changed our lives in the 1990s,and the robots will change our lives in the new century. Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes? It’s sont a dream that every home will have a robot.Now, robots are not only able to help people do the housework, they can also help the doctors do the difficult operations, play chess with people, play the piano and so on.A new cooking robot is used in Beijing. It can cook all the dishes on the menu, you only need to wait two to four minutes, in the future, the robot will be a nurse, a security guard, or a partner in you lifeExperts believe robots will because every where from the industrial robots to service robots. In the future, robots will become part of the family, and provide close service for people. We all look forward to the new robot age.( ) 46. ____________changed our lives in the 1990s.A. The robotsB. The compilers C The Tv sets D. The Interact( )47. According to the passage, we know that a new cooking robot is being used in____A the futureB BeijingC many countriesD many families( ) 48 . What can the robots do now?A They can help people do the housework B. They can help the doctor do the difficult operationsC. They can play chess with peopleD. A,B and C( ) 49. Experts believe robots will be used______A. only in hospitalB. only in a filmilyC. only in a factoryD. everywhere( ) 50. Which is the best title of the passage?A. The computers changed our livesB. Robots can cookC. Robots are comingD. Robots will be doctors(B)News1: Yuan longping, the father of hybrid rice, won the world Food Prize on Monday. Yuan developed the world’s first popular and widely known hybrid rice. Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than regular ones.News2: Have you ever got angry at books that are full of mistakes? Don’t worry. Things will get better soon. Last week, China started checking textbooks, dictionaries and children’s books all over the country. The government said the results of che check would come out at the end of JuneNews 3:People will see anew star in the sky soon. China plants to send a satellite into space by December 2006. It will stay in space for one year . It will go around the moon and take pictures It must be very expensive right? That’s for sure 1.4 billion yuan!News 4: Have you ever thought of being able to fly around the word in a few hours? One day, maybe you can Last Saturday, the American X- 43a AIRPLANE MADEITS FIRST FLINGT. It reached a speed of 8,00 kilometers per hour This makes it the fastest plane in the world X- 43 A is only three to four meters long but it’s very heavy. It weighs1,270( ) 51. The satellite sent by China will move around ____________.A. the moonB. the earthC. the sun D the mars( ) 52. The speed of the fastest plane in the world is ____________.p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > A . 1 . 4 k i l o m e t e r s p e r s e c o n d B . 4 3 k i l o m e t e r s p e r m i n u t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 49 " > C . 1 , 2 7 0 k i l o m e t e r s p e r h o u r D . 8 , 0 0 0 k i l o m e t e r s p e r h o u r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > ( ) 5 3 T h ec h e c k i n g o f t e x t b o o k s ,d i c t i o n a r ie s a n d c h i l d r e n s b o o k s w i l l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 51 " > A . m a k e a l o t o f m o n e y B . m a k e t h e c h i l d r e n s a d / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 52 " > C . m a k e s u r e t h e r e a r e n o m i s t a k e s i n t h e m . D . m a k e s u r e t h e b o o k s a r e n o t t o o e x p e n s i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 53 " > ( ) 54 W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t t h e n e w s t a r i s N O T t r u e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 15 4 " > A . i t w i l l g o a r o u n d t h e m o o n . B . I t w i l l s t a y i n s p a c e f o r t w o y e a r s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > C . I t c o s t s a l o t D . I t w i l l g o i n t o s p a c e b y D e c e m b e r 2 0 06 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > ( ) 5 5 Y u a n L o n g p i n g w o n t h e w o r l d F o o d p r i z e b e c a u s e _ _ _ _ _ / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 57 " > A . h e l i k e s t o e a t h y b r i d r i c e B . h ei s a s u c c e s s f u l f a t h e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > C . h e g r o w m o r e r i c e t h a n o t h e r s / p > p b d s f i d = " 15 9 " > D . h e d e v e l o p e d i n w o r l d s f i r s t p o p u l a r a n d w i d e l y g r o w n h y b r i d r i c e / p >。

八年级语文阅读专项训练

八年级语文阅读专项训练对于语文的学习，做好每个训练是很关键的。

下面是店铺网络整理的八年级语文阅读专项训练题以供大家学习。

八年级语文阅读专项训练(一)许多人喜欢饲养一些观赏鸟类，训练它们说话唱歌，陪伴自己生活，正如许多人养猫、养狗一样，本来无需非议;但还美其名曰“爱鸟”，第一个站出来反对的，可能是900年前的大文豪欧阳修。

他在《画眉鸟》诗中写道：“始知锁向金笼听，不及林间自在啼。

”清代的郑板桥说得更清楚：“平生最不喜笼中养鸟。

我图娱悦，彼在囚牢，何情何理，而必屈物之性以适吾性乎?”他不仅反对，而且提出了植树招引，为鸟类和人类共建良好环境的设想：“欲养鸟莫如种树，使绕屋数百株，扶疏茂密，为鸟国鸟家。

”近代画家丰子恺作了一幅题为“囚徒之歌”的画，半空中一方形鸟笼，笼中一鸟栖架上，作哀鸣状。

他的老师弘一法师从旁题诗曰：“人在牢狱，终日愁欷。

鸟在樊笼，终日悲啼。

聆此哀音，凄入心脾。

何如放舍，任彼高飞。

”古人反对提笼架鸟，主要是出自热爱大自然，出自人类的同情心。

社会发展到今天，随着科学文化的进步，人们对野生动物的认识和感情也在不断变化，因此更不能容忍把提笼架鸟的行为宣扬为一种社会美德。

我们还要看到一种情况：一个人提一个笼子不够，自行车上挂着四个五个，甚至一辆三轮上架着十几个笼子。

养鸟之风刮邪了，自然刺激鸟市的恶性发展，刺激很多人到野外滥捕鸟类，在捕捉和贩运的过程中，鸟的死亡率相当高;而且捕鸟者不分青红皂白，物以稀为贵，越贵越捉，越捉越少，使得一些珍贵稀有的保护鸟类更加濒危。

这些现象虽然多次遭到舆论的指责，但屡禁不绝。

这能说和养鸟毫无关系吗?养鸟者可能要反对：“我们花那么多钱，那么多精力和时间来养鸟，难道不是爱鸟吗?” 这是爱，一种纯属个人的爱。

但这些和我们所提倡的热爱鸟、热爱野生动物、爱护生物的多样性还不是一回事。

譬如说，西方人喜欢去野外观鸟，随身携带一个望远镜、一本鸟的图谱和一个笔记本，在大自然中观察鸟的生活，寻找和发现鸟的种类。

2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语上册话题阅读训练-话题2课余活动+(含答案)

2023-2024学年级八年级英语上册话题阅读训练话题2 课余活动一、语法选择Last year. Mike was unhealthy. At school he hardly ever did any exercise. After school he often _1_ computer games. _2_ weekends, he liked watching TV. What was worse, he at e a lot of junk food. So a bad result came. There was _3_ wrong with his heart. His parents knew it was serious so they decided _4_ him to see a doctor. After the doctor looked him over _5_ , he said,“If you go on like this, you _6_ stay in hospital. Y ou should eat more vegetables and _7_junk food. You also need to do exercise regularly because it is good for your _8_.”From then on, Mike changed his habits. He is becoming healthier and healthier. He always tells his classmates,“My dear friends, _9_ play computer games! It does you no good. _10_ you spend some time doing sports with me after school?”Most of his classmates think he is right and would accept his invitation.( )1. A. plays B. played C. will play D. is playing( )2. A. On B. For C. With D. To( )3. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something( )4. A. take B. to take C. takes D. taking( )5. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. carefulness( )6. A. has to B. have to C. will have to D. had to( )7. A. a little B. less C. least D. the least( )8. A. health B. healthy C. healthier D. healthily( )9. A. don’t B. not C. doesn't D. won't( )10. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Can二、完形填空Do you play yo-yo? Many children _1_ to play yo-yo. They think it is interesting and can bring them much fun. What's more, it is the second oldest toy in the world. Here are some facts of yo-yo.★The world's largest yo-yoAmerican Beth Johnson made a _2_ yo-yo. It was the largest yo-yo in the world. It once got into the Guinness World Records. The yo-yo is 3.65 meters in diameter(直径). It is as _3_ as 2,096 kg. Johnson _4_ many years building it. The big yo-yo can only work _5_ the help of a crane(起重机).★How the name “yo-yo”first appeared(出现)Pedro Flores was a young man from the Philippines. In the 1920s, he _6_ to the USA and worked at a hotel in California. He played with a _7_ when he was free. Americans didn't know _8_ about his toy. More people wanted to learn to play it. Then Pedro Flores started a factory to make the toy. He _9_ his company (公司) the Flores Yo-yo Company. The toy was called yo-yo, too. This was _10_ the name “yo-yo”first appeared.( )1. A. like B. hate C. enjoy D. relax( )2. A. large B. small C. high D. low( )3. A. heavy B. tall C. deep D. far( )4. A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent( )5. A. for B. of C. with D. through( )6. A. left B. lived C. moved D. stayed( )7. A. sport B. game C. ticket D. toy( )8. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )9. A. called B. built C. cleaned D. sent( )10. A. what B. when C. how D. where三、阅读理解。