美国审计学 auditing 14e course PPT 4
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审计Audit—Arens14e_ch08_ppt_ge (student)
8 - 22
Assess Client Business Risk
As an auditor, identify business risk and F/S misstatement risk in the following situation
Your client, a trading company used to sell
What is the auditor’s primary concern? Material misstatements in the financial
statements due to client business risk
8 - 21
Client’s Business, Risk, and Risk of Material Misstatement
and bylaws Code of ethics Meeting minutes
Management establishes the strategies and processes followed by the client’s business.
8 - 17
Client Objectives and Strategies
2.To help keep audit costs reasonable 3.To avoid misunderstanding with the client
8-3
Three Main Reasons for Planning
8-4
Learning Objective 2
Make client acceptance decisions and perform initial audit planning.
Assess Client Business Risk
As an auditor, identify business risk and F/S misstatement risk in the following situation
Your client, a trading company used to sell
What is the auditor’s primary concern? Material misstatements in the financial
statements due to client business risk
8 - 21
Client’s Business, Risk, and Risk of Material Misstatement
and bylaws Code of ethics Meeting minutes
Management establishes the strategies and processes followed by the client’s business.
8 - 17
Client Objectives and Strategies
2.To help keep audit costs reasonable 3.To avoid misunderstanding with the client
8-3
Three Main Reasons for Planning
8-4
Learning Objective 2
Make client acceptance decisions and perform initial audit planning.
审计英语课件第4章
preparing financial statements from the auditor’s responsibilities for verifying those financial statements. 3. Explain why the auditor is responsible for reasonable but not absolute assurance. 4. Remember the transaction-related and balance-related audit objectives. 5. Learn the audit process.
accounting standards; and
(b) Whether the financial statements are presented fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position, operating
results and cash flows of the entity.
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11
3.1.3 Auditor’s Responsibilities
➢ An auditor has a responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, which caused by error or fraud. Due to the nature of the audit evidence and the characteristics of fraud, the auditor is able to obtain reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that material misstatements are detected. The auditor has no responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance those misstatements, which caused by errors or fraud, that are not material to the financial statements are detected.
accounting standards; and
(b) Whether the financial statements are presented fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position, operating
results and cash flows of the entity.
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11
3.1.3 Auditor’s Responsibilities
➢ An auditor has a responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, which caused by error or fraud. Due to the nature of the audit evidence and the characteristics of fraud, the auditor is able to obtain reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that material misstatements are detected. The auditor has no responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance those misstatements, which caused by errors or fraud, that are not material to the financial statements are detected.
审计Audit—Arens14e_ch14_ppt_ge (student)
14 - 12
Billing Customers and Recording Sales
Sales transaction file Sales journal
Accounts receivable file
Accounts receivable trial balance
14 - 13
Processing and Recording Cash Receipts
Credit memo
Sales returns and allowances journal
14 - 15
Writing Off Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
Uncollectible account authorization form
This is a document used internally to indicate authority to write an account receivable off as uncollectible
14 - 2
Accounts in the Sales and Collection Cycle
14 - 3
Learning Objective 2
Describe the business functions and the related documents and records in the sales and collection cycle.
14 - 8
Bad Debt Expense Transaction
Accounts Business Functions Documents and Records
Bad debt expense Allowance for uncollectible accounts
《审计学》课件第14章课件
确定事项。常见的或有事项主要包括：未决诉讼或仲
裁、债务担保、产品质量保证（含产品安全保证）、
承诺、亏损合同、重组义务、环境污染整治等。
二、或有事项审计的意义和目标
（一）或有事项审计的意义 （二）或有事项审计的目标
第三节 或有事项
三、或有事项的审计
1、了解被审计单位与识别或有事项有关的内部控制。 2、审阅截至审计工作完成日被审单位历次董事会纪要和股东大会记录，
持续经营假设是指被审计单位在编制财务报表时，假 定其经营活动在可预见的将来会继续下去，不拟也不 必终止经营或破产清算，可以在正常的经营过程中变 现资产、清偿债务。
第二节 考虑持续经营假设
一、管理层的责任与注册会计师的责任
（一）管理层的责任 （二）注册会计师的责任
二、计划审计工作与实施风险评估程序
第三节 或有事项
四、获取律师声明书
在对被审计单位期后事项和或有事项等进行审计 时，注册会计师往往要向被审计单位的法律顾问和律 师进行函证，以获取与资产负债表日业已存在的，以 及资产负债表日至他们复函日这一时期内存在的期后 事项和或有事项等有关的审计证据。被审计单位律师 对函证问题的答复和说明，就是律师声明书。
在计划审计工作和实施风险评估程序时，注 册会计师应当考虑是否存在可能导致对持续经 营能力产生重大疑虑的事项或情况及相关的经 营风险，评价管理层对持续经营能力做出的评 估，并考虑已识别的事项或情况对重大错报风 险评估的影响。
第二节 考虑持续经营假设
被审计单位在财务、经营以及其他方面存 在的某些事项或情况可能导致经营风险，这些 事项或情况单独或连同其他事项或情况可能导 致对持续经营假设产生重大疑虑。
五、财务报表报出后发现的事实
（一）没有义务识别第三时段的期后事项 （二）知悉第三时段期后事项时的考虑
审计Audit—Arens14e_ch09_ppt_ge
Referenced in audit report’s scope paragraph
What is meant by the term “material”?
9-3
Materiality
Auditor’s responsibility = determine whether financial statements are materially misstated.
9 - 14
Learning Objective 4
Use materiality to evaluate audit findings.
9 - 15
Known and Likely Misstatements
Auditor can determine the misstated amount in an account (“Known”)
Auditor will bring material misstatements to the client’s attention so corrections can be made.
9-4
Steps in Applying Materiality
9-5
Learning Objective 2
Professional judgment is used to set and apply materiality guidelines.
9 - 13
Learning Objective 3
Allocate preliminary materiality to segments of the audit during planning (skip).
Acceptable Audit Risk
What is meant by the term “material”?
9-3
Materiality
Auditor’s responsibility = determine whether financial statements are materially misstated.
9 - 14
Learning Objective 4
Use materiality to evaluate audit findings.
9 - 15
Known and Likely Misstatements
Auditor can determine the misstated amount in an account (“Known”)
Auditor will bring material misstatements to the client’s attention so corrections can be made.
9-4
Steps in Applying Materiality
9-5
Learning Objective 2
Professional judgment is used to set and apply materiality guidelines.
9 - 13
Learning Objective 3
Allocate preliminary materiality to segments of the audit during planning (skip).
Acceptable Audit Risk
审计学Auditing
PPT文档演模板
返回
审计学Auditing
会计流程与审计流程
会计 分析事项和交易
审计 取得和评价有关财务报告的证据
计量和纪录交易资料
确定财务报告的合法性、公允性
分析和汇总已纪录的资料 编制财务报告
编制审计报告 提交审计报告
PPT文档演模板
公布财务报告和审计报告
审计学Auditing
返
第二节 注册会计师审计职业
❖①审计目标不同。 政府审计是真实、合法和效益。注册会计师审计是合法性 与公允性。 ❖②审计标准不同。 政府审计是依据《中华人民共和国审计法》和国家审计 准则等进行的审计。 注册会计师审计是注册会计师依据《中华人民共和国注 册会计法》和审计准则进行的审计。 ❖③经费或收入来源不同。政府审计履行职责所必须的经费，应当列入财政预 算，由本级人民政府予以保证。 注册会计师的审计收入来源于审计客户，由 注册会计师和审计客户协商确定。 ❖④取证权限不同。 政府审计机关有权对审计事项的有关问题向有关单位和个 人进行调查，有关单位和个人应当支持、协助。 注册会计师在获取证据时很 大程度上有赖于被审计单位及相关单位配合和协助，对被审计单位及相关单位 没有行政强制力。 ❖⑤对发现问题的处理方式不同。 政府审计机关审定审计报告，对违规行为， 依法定职权作出审计决定或者向有关主管机关提出处理、处罚意见。 注册会 计师审计对审计过程中发现需要调整和披露的事项只能提请被审计单位调整和 披露，没有行政强制力，如果被审计单位拒绝调整和披露，注册会计师视情况 出具保留意见或否定意见的审计报告。
关键词 1、有专业胜任能力、独立的审计人员
2、客观地收集和评价证据 3、既定标准 4、利害关系人 5、报告 6、系统过程
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审计学第14章
审计学第14章
Contents
themegallery
一 期初余额审计
二 复核期后事项与或有事项
三 评价审计结果
四
审计报告的意义、作用和种类
五 审计报告的内容和审计意见的类型
六
编制审计报告的步骤和要求
Company Logo
一、
themegallery
❖完成审计工作是注册会计师在执行了对各项 交易及账户余额的பைடு நூலகம்试后，编制与签发审计 报告前进行的综合测试工作，是财务报告审 计的最后阶段。
Company Logo
Diagram
themegallery
Text
Text
Text
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
3
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
Company Logo
Diagram
themegallery
2019
2019
2019
2019
Company Logo
Diagram
Concept
Company Logo
LOGO
themegallery
感谢大家的关注！
Contents
themegallery
一 期初余额审计
二 复核期后事项与或有事项
三 评价审计结果
四
审计报告的意义、作用和种类
五 审计报告的内容和审计意见的类型
六
编制审计报告的步骤和要求
Company Logo
一、
themegallery
❖完成审计工作是注册会计师在执行了对各项 交易及账户余额的பைடு நூலகம்试后，编制与签发审计 报告前进行的综合测试工作，是财务报告审 计的最后阶段。
Company Logo
Diagram
themegallery
Text
Text
Text
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
3
ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
Company Logo
Diagram
themegallery
2019
2019
2019
2019
Company Logo
Diagram
Concept
Company Logo
LOGO
themegallery
感谢大家的关注！
审计Audit—Arens14e_ch09_ppt_ge
Financial statements users Conceals an illegal act
9-9
Materiality percentage
Typically 5-10% for net income Lower percentage for larger bases such as assets or revenues High risk low % Low risk high % Increase in materiality, less evidence required
9 - 10
Materiality / Evidence Relation
You are auditing the NRV of Accounts Receivable balance which is $20,000. What would you do if the materiality is equal to : $25,000 $15,000 $5,000
9 - 13
Learning Objective 3
Allocate preliminary materiality to segments of the audit during planning (skip).
9 - 14
Learning Objective 4
Use materiality to evaluate audit findings.
9 - 18
Learning Objective 5
Define risk in auditing.
9 - 19
Risk
Auditors accept some level of risk in performing the audit.
9-9
Materiality percentage
Typically 5-10% for net income Lower percentage for larger bases such as assets or revenues High risk low % Low risk high % Increase in materiality, less evidence required
9 - 10
Materiality / Evidence Relation
You are auditing the NRV of Accounts Receivable balance which is $20,000. What would you do if the materiality is equal to : $25,000 $15,000 $5,000
9 - 13
Learning Objective 3
Allocate preliminary materiality to segments of the audit during planning (skip).
9 - 14
Learning Objective 4
Use materiality to evaluate audit findings.
9 - 18
Learning Objective 5
Define risk in auditing.
9 - 19
Risk
Auditors accept some level of risk in performing the audit.
美国审计学 arens14e_ch04_pdf
Ethical Issue
Is it ethical for the staff person to work hours and not record them as hours worked in this situation?
Who is affected?
How are they affected?
Learning Objective 4
Describe the purpose and content of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Are12 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4 - 13
Relevant Facts
A staff person has been informed that he will work hours without recording them as hours worked.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-2
What Are Ethics?
Ethics can be defined broadly as a set of moral principles or values. Each of us has such a set of values. We may or may not have considered them explicitly.
美国大学审计学Auditing and Assurance Services习题解
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Nonaudit services that are not prohibited by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and the SEC rules must be pre-approved by the company’s audit committee. In addition, an accountant is not independent of an audit client if an audit partner received compensation based on selling engagements to that client for services other than audit, review and attest services. Companies are required to disclose in their proxy statement or annual filings with the SEC the total amount of audit and nonaudit fees paid to the audit firm for the two most recent years. Four categories of fees are to be reported: (1) audit fees; (2) audit-related fees; (3) tax fees; and (4) all other fees. Companies are also required to provide further breakdown of the “other fees” category, and provide qualitative information on the nature of the services provided. 4-8 The rules concerning stock ownership by partners and professional staff: A partner in the office of the partner responsible for an audit engagement cannot own stock in that audit client. A partner can own stock in an audit client, as long as (1) he or she cannot influence the audit engagement and (2) he or she is not in the same office as the partner responsible for the audit engagement. A professional staff member cannot own stock in an audit client if he or she is assigned to the engagement or if he or she becomes a partner in the office of the partner responsible for the audit engagement. A professional staff member can own stock in a firm’s audit client as long as he or she does not participate in the audit engagement. Partner violation: A partner in the San Francisco office owns one share of stock of a client whose audit is conducted by a different partner in the San Francisco office. Professional staff violation: An audit manager owns stock in a client whose audit is performed by the office where the audit manager works. The manager is promoted to partner mid-year. As soon as the manager becomes a partner, there is a violation of Rule 101. 4-9 Ways to reduce the appearance of the lack of independence are: the use of an audit committee to select auditors made up of directors who are not a part of management; a requirement that all changes of auditors and reasons therefore be reported to the SEC or other regulatory agency; and approval of the CPA firm by stockholders at the annual meeting. The Sarbanes–Oxley act requires that the audit committee of a public company consist only of independent members and be responsible for the appointment, termination, and compensation of the audit firm. 4-3
Nonaudit services that are not prohibited by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and the SEC rules must be pre-approved by the company’s audit committee. In addition, an accountant is not independent of an audit client if an audit partner received compensation based on selling engagements to that client for services other than audit, review and attest services. Companies are required to disclose in their proxy statement or annual filings with the SEC the total amount of audit and nonaudit fees paid to the audit firm for the two most recent years. Four categories of fees are to be reported: (1) audit fees; (2) audit-related fees; (3) tax fees; and (4) all other fees. Companies are also required to provide further breakdown of the “other fees” category, and provide qualitative information on the nature of the services provided. 4-8 The rules concerning stock ownership by partners and professional staff: A partner in the office of the partner responsible for an audit engagement cannot own stock in that audit client. A partner can own stock in an audit client, as long as (1) he or she cannot influence the audit engagement and (2) he or she is not in the same office as the partner responsible for the audit engagement. A professional staff member cannot own stock in an audit client if he or she is assigned to the engagement or if he or she becomes a partner in the office of the partner responsible for the audit engagement. A professional staff member can own stock in a firm’s audit client as long as he or she does not participate in the audit engagement. Partner violation: A partner in the San Francisco office owns one share of stock of a client whose audit is conducted by a different partner in the San Francisco office. Professional staff violation: An audit manager owns stock in a client whose audit is performed by the office where the audit manager works. The manager is promoted to partner mid-year. As soon as the manager becomes a partner, there is a violation of Rule 101. 4-9 Ways to reduce the appearance of the lack of independence are: the use of an audit committee to select auditors made up of directors who are not a part of management; a requirement that all changes of auditors and reasons therefore be reported to the SEC or other regulatory agency; and approval of the CPA firm by stockholders at the annual meeting. The Sarbanes–Oxley act requires that the audit committee of a public company consist only of independent members and be responsible for the appointment, termination, and compensation of the audit firm. 4-3
美国审计学 arens14e_ch06_pdf
Auditor suspects Inquire of management Consult client’s counsel or specialist Consider accumulating evidence Auditor knows Consider effects on financial statements Consider effect on relationship with management Communicate with audit committee or equivalent
Material misstatements Professional Skepticism Fraudulent reporting vs. theft of assets
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 6 - 13
Learning Objective 4
Classify transactions and account balances into financial statement cycles and identify benefits of a cycle approach to segmenting the audit.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
6-3
Steps to Develop Audit Objectives
Material misstatements Professional Skepticism Fraudulent reporting vs. theft of assets
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 6 - 13
Learning Objective 4
Classify transactions and account balances into financial statement cycles and identify benefits of a cycle approach to segmenting the audit.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
6-3
Steps to Develop Audit Objectives
第10章 Auditing《会计英语》PPT课件
Special Terms
3. recommendations to management 管理建议书,指审计人员在完成审计 后,就企业内部控制等方面存在的缺陷以书面形式向被审计单位管理当局所提交 的报告。如果提供的是经营审计服务,管理建议书是必不可少的,即使是财务报 表审计,注册会计师一般也要向管理当局提交一份管理建议书。
Unit 2 Audit Process
➢MANAGEMENT ASSERTIONS. There are five broad categories of assertions:
➢
(1)existence or occurrence,
(2)completeness,
(3)rights and obligations,
4. compliance audit 合规性审计,指为了检查和确定企业的经济活动是否符 合国家法律和有关部门制定的条例和合同条款的规定而进行的审计。例如,审查 一个企业或个人是否遵守了税法,依法填报纳税申报单。
Special Terms
5. replacement cost of fixed assets 固定资产的重置成本,或称现时重置成 本,指购买一项相同的资产(具有相同的未来收益或服务能力)的公平市价。对于 房屋和建筑物来说,则指再生产成本。在物价不断上涨的情况下,为了维护企业 的实物资本,固定资产必须以重置成本作为计价的基础。
(1)analytical procedures,
(6)observing,
(7)reperforming.
(2)inspecting,
(5)counting,
(3)confirming,
(4)inquiring,
Unit 2 Audit Process
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Quality control
Conduct of CPA firm personnel
Legal liability
Peer review PCAOB and SEC
AICPA practice sections
Code of Professional Conduct
4 - 19
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-2
What Are Ethics?
Ethics can be defined broadly as a set of moral principles or values. Each of us has such a set of values. We may or may not have considered them explicitly.
Who is affected?
How are they affected?
What alternatives does the staff person have?
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 4 - 15
responds differently. He keeps the money but leaves the briefcase. He tells nobody and spends the money. He has violated his own ethical standards and chose to act selfishly.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-3
Illustrative Prescribed Ethical Principles
Responsibility Trustworthiness Caring
4 - 12
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
4. Identify the alternatives available to the person who must resolve the dilemma 5. Identify the likely consequence of each alternative 6. Decide the appropriate action
4 - 11
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
1. Obtain the relevant facts 2. Identify the ethical issues from the facts
3. Determine who is affected
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 4 - 14
Ethical Issue
Is it ethical for the staff person to work hours and not record them as hours worked in this situation?
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-6
A Person Chooses to Act Selfishly – Example
Person A finds a briefcase containing
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 4-7
A Person Chooses to Act Selfishly – Example
Person B faces the same situation but
Auditors face many ethical dilemmas in their business careers.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4 - 10
Rationalizing Unethical Behavior
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-5
Why People Act Unethically
The person’s ethical standards are different from those of society as a whole. The person chooses to act selfishly.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4 - 18
CPAs Encouraged to Conduct Themselves at a High Level
CPA examination GAAS and interpretations Continuing education requirements
4 - 20
Code of Professional Conduct
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4 - 21
Ethical Principles
Professional Ethics
Chapter 4
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-1
Learning Objective 1
Distinguish ethical from unethical behavior in personal and professional contexts.
Core Ethical Values
Respect Fairness
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
Citizenship
4-4
Need for Ethics
Ethical behavior is necessary for a society to function in an orderly manner. The need for ethics in society is sufficiently important that many commonly held ethical values are incorporated into laws.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
4-9
Ethical Dilemmas
An ethical dilemma is a situation a person faces in which a decision must be made about appropriate behavior.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley 4-8
Learning Objective 2
Resolve ethical dilemmas using an ethical framework.
important papers and $1,000. He tosses the briefcase and keeps the money.
He brags to his friends about his good fortune.
This action probably differs from most of society.
©2012 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 14/e, Arens/Elder/Beasley
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Relevant Facts
A staff person has been informed that he will work hours without recording them as hours worked. Firm policy prohibits this practice. Another staff person has stated that this is common practice in the firm.
Everybody does it
If it’s legal, it’s ethical