本科毕业设计论文--刹车保持架冲压成形工艺及模具设计外文翻译

英文Brake maintains a stamping forming technology and diedesignBrake cage, partially wrapped all or part of the roll body, and with the movement of the bearing parts, used to isolate rolling body, usually also guide and keep it within the bearing roller.Retainers material: rolling bearing at work, heat and wear caused by sliding friction bearing, especially under the condition of high temperature operation, inertial centrifugal force role exacerbated the friction, wear and heat, bracket will be caused serious burns or rupture, the bearing can work normally. Request retainers material, therefore, besides have a certain strength, must also have good thermal conductivity, small friction coefficient, good wear resistance, impact toughness, density is small and linear expansion coefficient and phase close to the roller. In addition, the press cage need to undergo complicated stamping deformation, also requires a material has good processing performance.First，Function and classification of bearing cageKeep bearing frame is one of the main parts, keep the aircraft in the rolling bearing has four basic functions: 1. Separation roller; 2. Will keep rolling element itself or keep it with a ring together; 3. Guidance on the right track roller rolling; 4. The orientation of rolling body, reduce the friction. According to the manufacturing process and materials used in cage can be divided into: stamping at low and medium carbon steel as the material of the cage; With high strength copper alloy (lead brass, nickel, silicon bronze, etc.), zinc alloy, ductile cast iron as the material of the alloy solid cage; Polyamide resin as material of engineering plastic cage; Phenolic laminated cloth tube as material entities phenolic bakelite retainer. Including punchingcage with high production efficiency, qualitative light, intensity is good, wide coverage and widely used. Retainers are basic requirements of the design in a certain space and structure strength maximum load-bearing load and meet the bearing on the rotating precision and speed requirements, according to the working condition of the use of bearings on the host and guide clearance requirements, determine the inner and outer diameter or roller guide way, and then determine the structure and main parameters. Rolling bearing at work, heat and wear caused by sliding friction bearing, especially under the condition of high speed, due to the role of centrifugal force, inertia force, speed up the internal rolling element bearings, inner and outer ring and cage collision, friction and wear with fever, bracket will be caused serious burns and fracture, the bearing can't normal use, keep the frame damage in make up a large proportion of bearing failure forms, and in the cage in the cause of the damage, the cage material quality is one of the main reasons. Therefore, bearing retainers requirements should have good mechanical strength; The stability of size; Good plasticity and machinability aspects of performance. Because maintains a unique way of machining process or of the limitations, and considering the force bearing, lubrication, the speed, temperature and so on various aspects factor and the influence of the market for bearing high speed, high precision, overload, long life and low noise requirements, bearing cage technology continuous improvement and development has become inevitable.Second, the evolvement and development of punching cage structureInherent structure improvement of rolling bearing, in addition to increase the number and size roller, mostly due to the bearing cage structure improvement. Punching cage, for example, there are dozens of types of structures. Its common or generic in the pressing cage structure type and structure evolvement and development of the introduction is as follows: 1. Deep groove ball bearing cage; Its cage type with lead guard ribbon cage; \"S\" shape cage; Ribbon cage; Crown retainer; With claw ribboncage; One-way clearance ribbon cage; Double wave form cage K values. The top five kinds of structure are old type cage structure. One-way wave clearance form cage and the double K value of the wave form cage, grease groove ribbon cage all development or to reduce noise, explore a new type of cage structure, at the same time can improve the lubricating ability of cage, are of great help to improve the speed of the bearing. Abroad centripetal ball bearing cage pocket hole with a round or oval, rotational flexibility good, clearance range 13 to 25 microns, tend to widen the cage structure, (width ratio of ball diameter of 0.45 to 0.48), high strength, good rigidity, ball pocket hole R light belt round, full, platform parallel difference between small, USES the rivet with tapered interference, high positioning accuracy, suitable for high efficiency automatic assembly, after the riveting, rotational flexibility is good, low noise. 2. Self-aligning ball bearing cage, its structure is chrysanthemum form cage; Kwai form cage; Elephant nose cage. The stamping maintains a basic not much change in the structure, but the stamping mould manufacturing complex, product size is difficult to guarantee and inspection, as the engineering plastic cage strength and the continuous improvement of high temperature resistant performance, has been the trend of gradually replaced.Third，the nature of the cage and function1: on the basis of guarantee the strength, can make the rolling element bearings have increased in quantity or geometry size, in order to improve the bearing capacity and service life. 2: have has the ability to improve the self lubricating bearing, at the same time can reduce the noise. Meet the requirements of bearing to improve speed and reduce noise. 3: have save raw materials and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Improve material utilization and save raw material is the trend of The Times, especially when limited resources increasingly tense of copper material, with steel and copper, plastic generation that is to keep the frame structure played a significant role in improving and alternative. In terms of environment, reduce pollution, increasingly become the focus of enterprises and society. 4: improve thesurface hardness and retainers lubricating ability will become the development direction of new cage structure. Punching cage at present, under the condition of environmental protection of surface shot blasting, finishing, blue and other physical, chemical processing, to reduce stress in cage, improve the surface roughness, lubrication ability has played a positive role. Part structure, such as short conical, cylindrical and spherical roller bearings, needle roller bearing cage surface carburizing, carbonitriding, or bracket will be soft nitriding treatment is to improve the mechanical strength and resistance to wear, prolonging the life of the cage play a key role. Any new thing has its occurrence and development process, structure improvement and advancement of the cage is not exceptional also, technology progress and development is the eternal theme in bearing industry. Stamping maintains a production and processing of the new structure not only have technical difficulties, there is also have ability to accept the market problem. However, improving the structure of the cage as long as meet the increased speed, load, bearing life and reduce noise, save raw materials, have demonstrated the development of the absolute truth, there is the survival and development space, it will be accepted by the market, so as to occupy the market, bring more richly rewarded for enterprises and users.Fourth，maintains a work efficiency and applicationpunching cage manufacture craft and the equipment abroad wave type deep groove ball bearing cage is more specialized and automatic production, according to the size of the cage there are two main mode of production: tiny cage using coil on the simplex press compound on progressive die, molding process for the precision on the coil step 5-7 station, in turn gradually under the expected, the cutting ring, forming, shaping, cutting, etc. Small and medium-sized cage using coiled material in high-speed transfer stamping presses the wave type cage, directly down the ring material first, and then by clamp stepping into mechanical arm on both sides of each station, in complete forming, punching, processes such as plastic rivet hole. Thecharacteristics of the two ways are complex mould, manufacturing of high precision, long life, safe and reliable, high production efficiency, suitable for little variety and mass production. Domestic sea type cage in the past with a single punch list process production, and a cage need 4-5 units punch, die and for the staff of the operation to complete, simple mould efficiency is low, production costs are high. In order to improve the quality and efficiency, luoyang retainer factory took the lead in the industry in the development of the mechanical arm type multi-station punch, but due to the mold and control element is not pass, the machine price, has been can not get a good promotion and use. Shandong liaocheng region of some companies, such as gold emperor, and on this basis to do the improvement, with a single punch coil automatic flush ring, on single arm up into the mould again to complete the other process approach to make the mould and machine costs become simple, and can greatly improve production efficiency, thus in liaocheng maintains specializing in the production area to get a promotion and popularization. Zhejiang, long in the 90 s to introduce Japan's coil automatic production line produce tiny cage, through to the equipment and mold constantly digestion and absorption, innovation, improvement, has greatly reduced the cost of mould and equipment used, become outstanding miniature cage production. Wuxi AnFeng also by imitating and exploration, successfully developed high speed automatic stepping mode volumes, is used in the production of the miniature cage. Domestic most of the needle roller bearing cage production for single process of punching hole and punching and flanging, way, such as plastic precision mold and auto industry is far from meeting the requirement of mass production efficiency of form a complete set of requirements. Now suzhou shaft bearing factory co., LTD., duct, changzhou GuangYang respectively introduced the Torrington NTN corporation and Japan needle roller bearing manufacturing technology, make its have the world's most advanced professional needle roller bearing processing equipment, such as: the Swiss SAFED company's heat treatment furnace; Swedish LIDOING company centerless grinding machine; British PLATARG transfer press; Germany Bilher company maintains automatic welding machine and so on, each of the automatic line with coil, multi-station cold grindingforming step die punching, automatic roll forming, plastic welding processes such as mass production with high efficiency, can produce 50000 sets of left and right sides keep in every line. Other types of cage, such as basket shape, bowl, and drum structure and limits of production, large-scale automated production is difficult to achieve, the more commonly used single bisected automatic blanking, punching hole machine, punching, pressure gradient and plastic to complete. Basket shaped cage also can use a whole punching molding process, mould manufacturing complex, high cost. To sum up, our country of rolling bearing retainer and processing quality, technology and manufacturing equipment levels also has the very big disparity compared with foreign advanced level, speed up the development of new high speed, efficient, stamping equipment, improve the precision of complex composite membrane, continuous progressive die mold, mold manufacturing level, to adapt to the bearing cage needs of industry specialization and automation, mass production is still our future long-term efforts and striving direction and goals.译文刹车保持架冲压成型工艺及模具设计刹车保持架，部分地包裹全部或部分滚动体，并随之运动的轴承零件，用以隔离滚动体，通常还引导滚动体并将其保持在轴承内。