SPI Comparison_21 May

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高一英语必修二单词表译林版

高一英语必修二单词表译林版序号英文词性中文序号英文词性中文1heritage/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)25make a proposal提出建议2creatively/kriˈeɪtɪvli/创造性地；有创造力地26protest/ˈprəʊtest/抗议3creative/kriˈeɪtɪv/创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的27protest/ˈprəʊtest/(公开)反对；抗议4temple/ˈtempl/庙；寺28likely/ˈlaɪkli/可能的5relic/ˈrelɪk/遗物；遗迹29likely/ˈlaɪkli/可能地6mount/maʊnt/山峰30turn to向……求助7mount/maʊnt/爬上；骑上31committee/kəˈmɪti/委员会8mount/maʊnt/爬；登上32establish/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/建立；创立9former/ˈfɔːmə(r)/以前的；(两者中）前者的33limit/ˈlɪmɪt/限度；限制10clue/klu/线索；提示34limit/ˈlɪmɪt/限制；限定11preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/保存；保护；维持35prevent/prɪˈvɛnt/阻止；阻碍；阻挠12preserve/prɪˈzɜːrv/保护区36prevent...from...阻止；不准13promote/prəˈməʊt/促进；提升；推销；晋级37loss/lɒs/丧失；损失14cypress/ˈsaɪprəs/柏树38contribution/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/捐款；贡献；捐赠15app/æp/应用程序；应用软件（application的缩略形式）39contribute/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/捐献；捐助16application/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)40department/dɪˈpɑːtmənt/部；司；科17take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)41fund/fʌnd/基金；专款18give way to让步；屈服42within/wɪˈðɪn/在（某段时间、距离或范围）之内19balance/ˈbæləns/平衡；均匀43investigate/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/调查；研究20balance/ˈbæləns/使平衡44issue/ˈɪʃuː/重要议题；争论的问题21keep balance保持平衡45issue/ˈɪʃuː/宣布；公布22lead to导致46conduct/kənˈdʌkt/行为；举止；管理方法23dam/dæm/水坝；拦河坝47conduct/kənˈdʌkt/组织；安排；带领24proposal/prəˈpəʊzl/提议；建议48document/ˈdɒkjumənt/文件；公文；(计算机)文档49document/ˈdɒkjumənt/记录；记载(详情)74roof/ruːf/顶部；屋顶50donate/dəʊˈneɪt/(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)75chiwen鸱吻51donate...to...向……捐赠……76dragon/ˈdræɡən/龙52disappear/ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/消失；灭绝；消亡77forgive/fəˈɡɪv/原谅；宽恕53attempt/əˈtempt/企图；试图；尝试78forgive/fəˈɡɪv/对不起；请原谅54make sure确保；设法保证79digital/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/数码的；数字显示的55worthwhile/ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/值得做的；值得花时间的80image/ˈɪmɪdʒ/形象；印象56download/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/下载81cave/keɪv/山洞；洞穴57download/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/下载；已下载的数据资料82throughout/θruːˈaʊt/各处；遍及；自始至终58republic/rɪˈpʌblɪk/共和国83quality/ˈkwɒlɪti/质量；品质；素质；特征59professional/prəˈfɛʃənəl/专业的；职业的84quality/ˈkwɒləti/优质的；高质量的60professional/prəˈfeʃənl/专业人员；职业选手85all over the world在世界各地61archaeologist/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/考古学家86tradition/trəˈdɪʃn/传统；传统的信仰或风俗62entrance/ˈentrəns/入口；进入87further/ˈfɜːðə(r)/（far的比较级）更远；进一步63pyramid/ˈpɪrəmɪd/（古埃及的）金字塔；棱锥体88historic/hɪˈstɒrɪk/历史上著名（或重要）的；有史时期的64process/ˈprəʊses/过程；进程；步骤89opinion/əˈpɪnjən/意见；想法；看法65process/ˈprəʊses/处理；加工90quote/kwəʊt/引用66overseas/ˌoʊvərˈsiːz/海外的91paraphrase/ˈpærəfreɪz/(用更容易理解的文字)解释67overseas/ˌoʊvərˈsiːz/在海外92comparison/kəmˈpærɪsn/比较；相比68exit/ˈeksɪt/出口；通道93contrast/ˈkɒntrɑːst/对比；对照69exit/ˈeksɪt/出去；离去94contrast/ˈkɒntrɑːst/对比；对照70sheet/ʃiːt/一张（纸）；床单；被单95identify/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/确认；认出；找到71parade/pəˈreɪd/游行；检阅96forever/fərˈevə(r)/永远；长久地72parade/pəˈreɪd/游行庆祝；游行示威97Aswan Dam阿斯旺大坝73mirror/ˈmɪrə(r)/镜子98the Neil尼罗河99Egypt/ˈiːdʒɪpt/埃及（国家名）124rate/reɪt/划分等级100Egyptian/iˈdʒɪpʃn/埃及的125rating/ˈreɪtɪŋ/等级；级别101UNESCO/juːˈneskəʊ/United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Org...126extinct/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/已灭绝的102Cairo/ˈkaɪərəʊ/开罗(埃及首都）127extinction/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/灭绝103Tanzania/ˌtænzəˈniːə/坦桑尼亚(国家名）128mass/mæs/大量的；广泛的104the Kremlin克里姆林(宫）129mass/mæs/大量；堆；群105Moscow/ˈmɒskəʊ/莫斯科(俄罗斯首都）130habitat/ˈhæbɪtæt/（动植物的）生活环境；栖息地106Saint Basil's Cathedral圣瓦西里大教堂131aware/əˈweər/知道；发觉；有……意识的107the Forbidden City紫禁城132aware of意识到；知道108Los Angeles洛杉矶(美国城市）133endanger/[ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)]/使遭受危险；危害109poster/ˈpoʊstər/海报134average/ˈævərɪdʒ/平均数；平均水平110illegal/ɪˈliːɡl/不合法的；非法的135average/ˈævərɪdʒ/平均的；正常的；普通的111illegally/ɪˈliːɡəli/不合法地；非法地136on average平均112hunt/hʌnt/打猎；搜寻；追捕137prince/prɪns/王子；王孙；亲王113hunter/ˈhʌntə(r)/猎人138make progress取得进步114immediately/ɪˈmiːdiətli/立刻139concern/kənˈsɜːn/涉及；让……担忧115species/ˈspiːʃiːz/物种140concerned/kənˈsɜːnd/担心的；关切的116shark/ʃɑːrk/鲨鱼141concerned about对……关切的；为……担忧的117fin/fɪn/(鱼的)鳍142living/ˈlɪvɪŋ/居住的；活的；在用的118on earth(放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底143living/ˈlɪvɪŋ/生活；生计119die out灭亡；逐渐消失144adapt/əˈdæpt/适应120alarming/əˈlɑːmɪŋ/惊人的；使人惊恐的145adapt/əˈdæpt/使适应；使适合121alarm/əˈlɑːm/使惊恐；使害怕；使担心146adapt to适应122alarm/əˈlɑrm/恐慌；警报；警报器147measure/ˈmeʒə(r)/措施；方法123rate/reɪt/速度；148measure/ˈmeʒə(r)/测量；度量；估量149authority/ɔːˈθɒrəti/官方；当权；权威174recover/rɪˈkʌvə(r)/找回；寻回150pressure/ˈpreʃə(r)/压力；要求175remove/rɪˈmuːv/去除；移开；脱去151under pressure在压力下；承受压力176intend/ɪnˈtend/打算；计划；想要152whale/weɪl/鲸177threat/θret/威胁153antelope/ˈæntɪləʊp/羚；羚类动物178threaten/ˈθretn/威胁；危及154Tibetan antelope藏羚羊179exist/ɪɡˈzɪst/存在；生存155reserve/rɪˈzɜːv/（动植物）保护区；储藏（量）180harmony/ˈhɑːməni/和谐；融洽156reserve/rɪˈzɜːv/预订；预留；保留181goods/ɡʊdz/商品；货物157plain/pleɪn/平原182creature/ˈkriːtʃə(r)/生物；动物158plain/pleɪn/简单明了的；直率的；平凡的183deer/dɪə(r)/鹿159make out看清；听清；分清184kangaroo/ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/袋鼠160herd/hɜːd/牧群；兽群185reduce/rɪˈdjuːs/减少161observe/əbˈzɜːv/观察（到）；注视；遵守186due/djuː/由于；因为162beauty/ˈbjuːti/美；美人；美好的东西187due to由于；因为163remind/rɪˈmaɪnd/提醒；使想起188insect/ˈɪnsekt/昆虫164remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起（类似的人或物）189net=Internet网165fur/fɜː(r)/毛（皮）；毛皮衣服190net/net/净得的；纯的166sacred/ˈseɪkrɪd/神圣的；受尊敬的191neighbourhood/ˈneɪbəhʊd/临近的地方；街区167shoot/ʃuːt/射杀；射伤；发射192binoculars/bɪˈnɒkjələz/双筒望远镜168profit/ˈprɒfɪt/利润；利益193bird field guide鸟类图鉴169watch over保护；照管；监督194search for搜索；查找170day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日195dolphin/ˈdɒlfɪn/海豚171attack/əˈtæk/攻击；抨击196Yangtze River Dolphin白鱀豚172effective/ɪˈfektɪv/有效的；生效的197koala/kəʊˈɑːlə/树袋熊；考拉173recover/rɪˈkʌvə(r)/恢复；康复198stir/stɜː(r)/激发；搅动199stir up激起203Tibetan/tɪˈbet(ə)n/西藏的；藏语的；藏族（人）的200emotion/ɪˈməʊʃn/感情；情感；情绪204Tibetan/tɪˈbet(ə)n/西藏人；藏族人；藏语201skin/skɪn/皮；皮肤205Tibet/tɪ'bet/西藏202unusual/ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/特别的；不寻常的206高一英语必修二单词表译林版序号英文词性中文序号英文词性中文1blog/blɒɡ/博客25benefit/ˈbɛnəfɪt/益处2blog/blɒɡ/写博客26benefit/ˈbenɪfɪt/使受益3blog post博文；博客帖子27benefit/ˈbenɪfɪt/得益于4blogger/ˈblɒɡə(r)/博客作者；博主28distance/ˈdɪstəns/距离5engine/ˈendʒɪn/引擎；发动机；火车头29inspire/ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/鼓舞；激励；启发思考6search engine（互联网上的）搜索引擎30now that既然；由于7chat/tʃæt/聊天；闲聊31access/ˈækses/通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会8stream/striːm/流播（不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频）；流出32access/ˈækses/进入；使用；获取9stream/striːm/流动33charity/ˈtʃærəti/慈善；慈善机构（或组织）10stream/striːm/小河；溪流34go through经历；度过；通读11identity/aɪˈdentəti/身份；个性35tough/tʌf/艰难的；严厉的12identity card身份证36province/ˈprɒvɪns/省13convenient/kənˈviːniənt/方便的；近便的37conference/ˈkɒnfərəns/会议；研讨会；正式会谈14cash/kæʃ/现金；金钱38resident/ˈrezɪdənt/居民；（美国的）住院医生15update/ˌʌpˈdeɪt/更新；向……提供最新信息39resident/ˈrezɪdənt/（在某地）居住的16update/ʌpˈdeɪt/更新；最新消息40plus/plʌs/而且；此外17database/ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/数据库；资料库41plus/plʌs/加号；优势18software/ˈsɒftweə(r)/软件42plus/plʌs/加；另加19network/ˈnetwɜːk/（互联）网络；网状系统；人际网43function/ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/功能；作用；机能20network/ˈnetwɜːk/将……连接成网络；联播44function/ˈfʌŋkʃn/起作用；正常工作；运转21network/ˈnetwɜːk/建立工作关系45battery/ˈbætri/电池22stuck/stʌk/卡住；陷（入）；困（于）46confirm/kənˈfɜːm/确认；使确信23keep sb company陪伴某人47Wi-Fi/ˈwaɪfaɪ/无线保真（用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的...24surf/sɜːf/浏览；冲浪48press/prɛs/按，压；敦促49button/ˈbʌtn/按钮；纽扣74familiar/fəˈmɪliə(r)/熟悉；熟知50file/faɪl/文件；文件夹；档案75keep(...)in mind牢记51in shape of状况良好76define/dɪˈfaɪn/给……下定义；界定；解释52keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态77case/keɪs/盒；箱；情况；案件53discount/ˈdɪskaʊnt/折扣78the World WideWeb(abbr.WWW)万维网；环球信息网54discount/ˈdɪskaʊnt/打折79Jan Tchamani简·夏曼尼55account/əˈkaʊnt/账户；描述80Birmingham/ˈbɜːmɪŋəm/伯明翰（英国城市）56click/klɪk/点击81Confucius/kənˈfjuːʃəs/孔子57privacy/ˈprɪvəsi/隐私；私密82mansion/ˈmænʃn/公馆；宅第58theft/θeft/偷（窃）；盗窃罪83cemetery/ˈsemətri/墓地；公墓59rude/ruːd/粗鲁的；无礼的84philosophy/fəˈlɒsəfi/哲学60target/ˈtɑːɡɪt/目标；对象；靶子85descendant/dɪˈsendənt/后裔；后代；子孙61target/ˈtɑːɡɪt/把……作为攻击目标86individual/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/单独的；个别的62troll/trɒl/发挑衅帖子的人；恶意挑衅的帖子87individual/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/个人63cyberbully/ˈsaɪbəbʊli/网霸88heel/hiːl/足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟64cyberbully/ˈsaɪbəbʊli/网络欺凌89Achilles' heel（喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点65false/fɔːls/假的；错误的90kingdom/ˈkɪŋdəm/王国；领域66particular/pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/特定的；特别的；讲究的91chief/tʃiːf/最重要的；最高级别的67embarrassing/ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/让人难堪（尴尬；害羞）的92chief/tʃiːf/（公司或机构的）首领；酋长68make fun of取笑；戏弄93puzzle/ˈpʌzl/谜；智力游戏；疑问69upset/ˌʌpˈset/心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的94puzzle/ˈpʌzl/迷惑；使困惑70upset/ˌʌpˈset/使烦恼；使生气；搅乱95nearby/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/附近的；邻近的71guideline/ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/准则；指导原则96nearby/ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/在附近72author/ˈɔːθə(r)/作者；作家97join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来73tip/tɪp/忠告；诀窍；实用的提示98break away(fromsb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱99belong/bɪˈlɒŋ/应在（某处）；适应124ensure/ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/保证；确保；担保100belong to属于125landscape/ˈlændskeɪp/（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景101as well as同（一样也）；和；还126generous/ˈdʒenərəs/慷慨的；大方的；丰富的102currency/ˈkʌrənsi/通货；货币127butter/ˈbʌtə(r)/黄油；奶油103military/ˈmɪlətri/军事的；军用的128butter/ˈbʌtə(r)/涂黄油于104defence/dɪˈfens/防御；保卫129honey/ˈhʌni/蜂蜜105legal/ˈliːɡl/法律的；合法的130ancestor/ˈænsestə(r)/祖宗；祖先106surround/səˈraʊnd/围绕；包围131position/pəˈzɪʃn/位置；姿态；职位107evidence/ˈevɪdəns/证据；证明132position/pəˈzɪʃn/安装；安置108achievement/əˈtʃiːvmənt/成就；成绩；达到133courtyard/ˈkɔːtjɑːd/庭院；院子109location/ləʊˈkeɪʃn/地方；地点；位置134snack/snæk/点心；小吃110conquer/ˈkɒŋkə(r)/占领；征服；控制135eager/ˈiːɡə(r)/热切的；渴望的111battle/ˈbætl/战役；搏斗136poet/ˈpəʊɪt/诗人112battle/ˈbætl/搏斗；奋斗137county/ˈkaʊnti/（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县113port/pɔːt/港口（城市）138feast/fiːst/盛宴；宴会；节日114fascinating/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/极有吸引力的；迷人的139roll/rəʊl/（使）翻滚；（使）滚动115keep your eyesopen(for)留心；留意140roll/rəʊl/卷（轴）；翻滚116charge/tʃɑːdʒ/收费；指控；主管141dot/dɒt/点；小（圆）点117charge/tʃɑːdʒ/收费；控告；充电142dot/dɒt/加点；遍布118announce/əˈnaʊns/宣布；通知；声称143cattle/ˈkætl/牛119amount/əˈmaʊnt/金额；数量144roar/rɔː(r)/吼叫；咆哮120gallery/ˈɡæləri/（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊145ocean/ˈəʊʃn/大海；海洋121approach/əˈprəʊtʃ/方法；途径；接近146scent/sent/气味；气息122approach/əˈprəʊtʃ/接近；接洽；着手处理147greet/ɡriːt/问候；迎接123approach/əˈprəʊtʃ/靠近148pub/pʌb/酒吧；酒馆149wine/waɪn/葡萄酒；果酒174techno/ˈteknəʊ/泰克诺音乐（一种节奏快、通常无歌声相伴的音乐）150beer/bɪə(r)/（一杯）啤酒175energy/ˈenədʒi/能源；能量；精力151stew/stjuː/炖菜（有肉和蔬菜)176soul/səʊl/灵魂；心灵152stew/stjuː/炖；煨177bagpipes/ˈbæɡpaɪps/风笛153custom/ˈkʌstəm/风俗；习俗；习惯178stringed/ˈstrɪŋd/有弦的154sensory/ˈsensəri/感觉的；感官的179stringed instrument弦乐器155striking/ˈstraɪkɪŋ/引人注目的；显著的180virtual/ˈvɜːtʃuəl/很接近的；事实上的；虚拟的156transition/trænˈzɪʃn/过渡；转变；变迁181virtual choir虚拟合唱团157crowd/kraʊd/人群；一群人；民众182composition/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品158crowd/kraʊd/挤满；使……拥挤183opportunity/ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/机会；时机159Wales/weɪlz/威尔士（英国）184perform/pəˈfɔːm/表演；履行；执行160Scotland/ˈskɒtlənd/苏格兰（英国）185performance/pəˈfɔːməns/表演；演技；表现161Northern Ireland北爱尔兰（英国）186performer/pəˈfɔːmə(r)/表演者；演员162Anglo-Saxon/ˌæŋɡləʊˈsæksn/盎格鲁—撒克逊人187onto/ˈɒntə/（朝）向163Viking/ˈvaɪkɪŋ/维京人；北欧海盗188studio/ˈstjuːdiəʊ/演播室；（音乐的）录音棚；工作室164the Normans诺曼人189ordinary/ˈɔːdnri/普通的；平凡的165Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役190enable/ɪˈneɪbl/使能够；使可能166Roman/ˈrəʊmən/古罗马的；罗马的191prove/pruːv/证明；展现167Roman/ˈrəʊmən/古罗马人；罗马市民192award/əˈwɔːd/授予168Van Gogh梵高（荷兰画家）193award/əˈwɔːd/奖品169the Emerald Isle绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称）194composer/kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/作曲者；作曲家170Irish/ˈaɪrɪʃ/爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人（或语）的195conductor/kənˈdʌktə(r)/（乐队、合唱团等的）指挥；（公共汽车的）售票员171Irish/ˈaɪrɪʃ/爱尔兰语196fall in love with爱上172classical/ˈklæsɪkl/古典的；经典的197original/əˈrɪdʒənəl/原来的；独创的；原作的173hip-hop/ˈhɪp hɒp/嘻哈音乐；嘻哈文化198original/əˈrɪdʒənəl/原件；原作199phenomenon(pl.phenomena) 现象224try out参加……选拔（或试演）200stage/steɪdʒ/（发展或进展的）时期；阶段；（多指剧场中的）舞台225talent/ˈtælənt/天才；天资；天赋201altogether/ˌɔːltəˈɡeðə(r)/（用以强调）全部；总共226piano/piˈænəʊ/钢琴202thus/ðʌs/如此；因此227assume/əˈsuːm/以为；假设203band/bænd/乐队；带子228addition/əˈdɪʃn/添加；加法；增加物204rap/ræp/快速敲击；说唱音乐229in addition (to sb/sth)除……以外（还）205rap/ræp/敲击；（说唱歌中的）念白230disease/dɪˈziːz/（疾）病206nowadays/ˈnaʊədeɪz/现在；目前231ache/eɪk/疼痛207gradual/ˈɡrædʒuəl/逐渐的；渐进的232treatment/ˈtriːtmənt/治疗；对待；处理208capable/ˈkeɪpəbl/有能力的；有才能的233from (then) on从（那）时起209relief/rɪˈliːf/（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻...234lean/liːn/依靠；倾斜210cure/kjʊə(r)/治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题）235get through（设法）处理；完成211cure/kjʊə(r)/药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施236moreover/mɔːrˈoʊvər/而且；此外212absorbed in sth/sb被……吸引住；专心致志237satisfaction/ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/满足；满意；欣慰213previous/ˈpriːviəs/先前的；以往的238being/ˈbiːɪŋ/身心；存在；生物214unemployed/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/失业的；待业的239various/ˈveəriəs/各种不同的；各种各样的215romantic/rəʊˈmæntɪk/浪漫的240somehow/ˈsʌmhaʊ/以某种方式（或方法）；不知怎么地216romantic/rəʊˈmæntɪk/浪漫的人241rhetorical/rɪˈtɒrɪk(ə)l/修辞的217album/ˈælbəm/相册；集邮簿；音乐专辑242metaphor/ˈmetəfə(r)/暗喻；隐喻218impact/ˈɪmpækt/巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力243personification/pəˌsɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/拟人；人格化；化身219aim/eɪm/目的；目标244repetition/ˌrepəˈtɪʃn/重复；重做220aim/eɪm/力求达到；力争做到；瞄准245simile/ˈsɪməli/明喻221aim/eɪm/目的是；旨在246outline/ˈaʊtˌlaɪn/概述；概要222set sth up安装好（设备或机器）247reaction/riˈækʃn/反应；回应223equipment/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/设备；装备248Eric Whitacre埃里克·惠塔克序号英文词性中文序号英文词性中文249Nevada/nəˈvɑːdə/内华达州（美国）252UNICEF/ˈjuːnɪsef/United Nations Children's Fund联合国儿童基金会250Mozart/ˈməʊtsɑːt/莫扎特253Las Vegas拉斯维加斯（美国城市）251Lux Aurumque《金色光芒》（歌曲名）254John A. Logan约翰·洛根共6页，第6页。

SPI抛光规范

空间管理您的位置: 口袋数码个人空间»機械人--米特克»日志大家好，我的空間開通了！希望大家有空常來坐坐。

我在論壇上找了很久都找不到機械方面PPC用的資料或軟件。

故開通此空間來為大家收集、整理所有PPC能用的軟件。

如果有空我會自己寫一些小軟件放在我的空間中的！希望大家喜歡！如果你有需要什么软件，也可以给我留言，我会尽量满足大家的要求。

SPI抛光规范(SPI A1-SPI D3)上一篇/ 下一篇 2007-10-23 19:26:24 / 个人分类：模具知識查看( 93 ) / 评论( 1 ) / 评分( 0 / 0 )An SPI A-1 Diamond Finish is a specialty of Bales Mold Service. We use it to produce the finest finish on molds, producing highly visible or lens quality parts. The SPI A-2 is the most widely used diamond finish, providing good release and good visual parts. An SPI A-3 is a fine choice for release where a high gloss appearance is not required. All diamond finishes work well with chrome andnickel.Paper Finishes, SPI B-1 to B-3– Next to diamond polishing, paper finishes are the second most refined finishes available. Paper finishes produce a slightly reflective or glossy shine and very good release. They are often recommended for products that do not require a big decorative or visual impact.∙Stone Finishes, SPI C-1 to C-3– The most economical finish, stone finishes are also the first step in the process of creating both the paper and diamond finishes. Stone finishes provide good release but very little gloss to the plastic part. This is a good choice for strictly functional molded parts whereaesthetics are of no importance.∙Blast Finishes, SPI D-1 to D-3– When done properly, blasted finishes can produce some of the most interesting stipples and textures on mold surfaces. From a fine satin texture with varied degrees of gloss to a flat, no-gloss coarse stipple, Bales has the blast media to produce the proper finish for you.Blast finishes are also an excellent way to camouflage weld repairs and slight imperfections.SpecificationsTypes of FinishesCurrent SPIFinish NumbersDescrīption andPrevious Finish NumbersRoughnessComparisonR.A.Diamond #3 Diamond BuffA1is comparable to#1 0-1 #6 Diamond BuffA2is slightly finer than#21-2 #15 Diamond BuffA3has more imperfections than2-3Paper 600 GritB1is finer than#32-3 400 GritB2is slightly finer than4-5 320 GritB3is comparable to9-10Stone 600 StoneC1is finer than#410-12 400 StoneC2is slightly finer than25-28 320 StoneC3is comparable to38-42Dry Blasted #11 Glass BeadD1is finer than#510-12 240 Aluminum Oxide BlastD2is comparable to26-32 #24 Aluminum Oxide BlastD3is a little more coarse than190-230。

SPI参数设置流程

SPI参数设置流程SPI参数设置流程Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.⽬录●SPI的测试流程与测试⽬标●流程与⽬标的简要说明●参数设置的⼏个⽅式●常见类型的设置参考值●实验状况下不良锡膏在炉后的表现●总结Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd. SPI的测试流程与测试⽬标Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.流程与⽬标的简要说明●SPI 的最终⽬标是通过参数设置来降低炉后产品的短路与空焊锡少的问题,提⾼品质。

●炉后的短路与空焊产品反馈给SPI 的参数设定.(加严或者放松对应元件的参数)Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.●反馈后的SPI 参数设置成为⼀个标准元件库。

●SPI 通过测试与改善来完善标准元件库。

参数设置的⼏个⽅式●提前知道客户端对哪些元件有特殊需求。

新设备⼀般通过⼚商经验来第⼀次设定产品的参数。

●根据客户端的实际制程状况来做对应的⼀些实验。

可以针对在测试过程中经常报出来的类型标上记号到炉后查看实际的焊接效果来确定参数加严还Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.是放松。

●在不断改善中逐渐实现符合客户端状况的⼀套元件SOP 。

常见类型的设置参考值TYPECONDITIONSTYPE CONDITIONS体积: Under 50% Over 160%⾯积: Under 50% Over 160%⾼度: Under 50% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 300um体积: Under 50% Over 160%⾯积: Under 50% Over 160%⾼度: Under 50% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 200um体积: Under 50% Over 160%体积: Under 50% Over 160%Chip-0201GBASinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.⾯积: Under 50% Over 160%⾼度: Under 50% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 300um⾯积: Under 50% Over 160%⾼度: Under 50% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 300um体积: Under 45% Over 160%⾯积: Under 45% Over 160%⾼度: Under 45% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 300um 体积: Under 50% Over 160%⾯积: Under 50% Over 160%⾼度: Under 50% Over 160%Shift X: 30% Shift Y: 30%Bridge setting: 300um Chip-0402SOPChip-0603RPSinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.经过QA 的确认，此两个焊点锡多锡少均可接受，经SPI 的检测结果是体积的设定在30%——180%之间Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.经过QA 的确认，此连接器的焊点锡多锡少均可接受，经SPI 的检测结果是体积的设定在20%——180%之间Sinic-Tek Vision Technology Co., Ltd.经过QA 的确认，此连接器的焊点锡多不良，锡少可接受，经SPI 的检测结果是体积的设定在20%——170%之间总结●通过实验得到的参数只能针对特定客户的特殊需求，因不同的锡膏，不同的制程条件，以及QA 的不同判断标准都会影响到最终参数的设定。

spi_pdf

Soybean Resistant Protein Elevates Fecal Excretion of Cholesteroland Bile Acids and Decreases Hepatic Cholesterol Content in Comparison with Soybean Protein Isolate *Keiko Y AMATANI ,Tohru S AEKI ,y Kimikazu I WAMI ,**Tomohiko S UZUKA ,and Ryuhei K ANAMOTOLaboratory of Molecular Nutrition,Kyoto Prefectural University,Nakaragi,Shimogamo,Sakyo-ku,Kyoto 606-8522,JapanReceived February 22,2008;Accepted December 21,2008;Online Publication,April 7,2009[doi:10.1271/bbb.80113]The eﬀect of soybean resistant protein (RP)on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal excretion of steroids was examined.RP decreased cholesterol in the liver,probably due to the stimulated excretion of cholesterol and its metabolites,bile acids.The serum cholesterol level was not diﬀerent as between RP and other soy-derived proteins.Key words:fecal steroid excretion;soybean protein isolate (SPI);high-molecular-weight frac-tion (HMF);resistant protein (RP)Soybean protein isolate (SPI)and its high-molecular-weight fraction (HMF)of SPI prepared by exhaustively digesting SPI with pepsin and microbial proteases have cholesterol-lowering eﬀects in laboratory animals.1–3)It has also been reported that HMF increases fecal steroid excretion and reduces the serum cholesterol level in humans.4)Resistant proteins (RPs),which are indigestible remnants of dietary proteins,have recently been ac-knowledged to function like plant-derived dietary ﬁbers in the intestine.5)We have previously estimated that 25–30%of HMF was excreted into feces as undigested remnant.6,7)In the present study,we examined how soybean RP could inﬂuence fecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol and the cholesterol concentration in the liver and serum.Four-week-old male Wistar rats were acclimated for 1week on a 20%casein diet,then divided into three groups (n ¼6for each group)and assigned to receive cholesterol-enriched diets containing SPI,HMF,or SPI supplemented with soybean RP (Table 1)for 1month.Soybean RP was prepared from HMF as previously described.8)The amount of soybean RP was decided on the basis of our previous estimation.8)No signiﬁcant diﬀerence in body weight gain or food intake was observed among the three dietary groups (data not shown).Feces and sera were collected at weekly intervals for 1month.The amounts of bile acids and cholesterol in the feces and liver cholesterol level were enzymatically measured by commercial kits (Total Bile Acids Test and Cholesterol C-test Wako,Wako PureChemical Industries,Osaka,Japan).Bile acid and cholesterol in the serum were determined by automatic analyzer (CL-8000,Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan).The liver weight of the soybean RP-fed rats was signiﬁcantly lower than that of the SPI-fed rats (Table 2).The concentration of liver cholesterol was signiﬁcantly lower in the rats fed the HMF and RP +SPI diets than in the SPI-fed rats.This cholesterol-lowering eﬀect was probably due to the increased fecalTable positions of the Experimental DietsDietary group 4Ingredient SPI (%)HMF (%)RP +SPI (%)Casein ———SPI 120—20HMF 1—27— -Cornstarch 61.161.161.1Soybean oil555Mineral mixture 2555Vitamin mixture 2111Cellulose powder 7——RP 3——7DL -Methionine 0.30.30.3Cholesterol 0.50.50.5Sodium cholate0.10.10.11Supplied by Fuji Oil (Osaka,Japan).The compositions of SPI and HMF were 84.1%protein,4.6%ash,and 5.8%moisture,and 66.5%protein,4.8%ash,and 2.6%moisture ually the yield of HMF corresponds to 15%(w/w)of SPI.2AIN-93G purchased from Oriental Yeast (Tokyo).3RP was prepared from HMF as previously described.7)4Six male Wistar rats for each group were allowed free access to the respective diets and drinking water for 1month.Table 2.Liver Weights and Cholesterol Levels in the Rats after Consumption of the Experimental Diets Dietary groups Liver weight Liver cholesterol (g/100g of body weight)(m mol/g)SPI 4:05Æ0:09a 49:1Æ3:9a HMF 3:67Æ0:12ab 37:6Æ1:3b RP +SPI3:39Æ0:09b31:9Æ1:3bValues (means ÆSE )not sharing a common superscript letter in each column are signiﬁcantly diﬀerent at p <0:05.*The experimental design was approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of Kyoto Prefectural University and the rats were maintained in line with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.yTo whom correspondence should be addressed.Tel:+81-75-703-5663;Fax:+81-75-703-5661;E-mail:tsaeki@kpu.ac.jp**Current address:College of Nutrition,Koshien University,10-1Koyogaoka,Takarazuka,Hyogo 665-0006,Japan Abbreviations :HMF,high-molecular-weight fraction;RP,resistant protein;SPI,soybean proteinisolateBiosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,73(4),921–922,2009Noteexcretion of cholesterol and its metabolites,bile acids,because the HMF and RP +SPI groups showed higher excretion of bile acids and cholesterol than the SPI group (Fig.1A).This is probably the reason the liver weight decreased in the RP-fed rats.The marked increase in fecal bile acid excretion after the beginning of cholesterol-enriched diet consumption is considered to reﬂect stimulation of the activity of bile acid synthesis by the abundantly consumed cholesterol.As shown in Fig.1B,there was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in serum total cholesterol among the exper-imental groups.Even though the rats were fed choles-terol-enriched diets,serum cholesterol levels throughout the experimental period were lower than in the prepa-rative stage,at which the rats were fed a cholesterol-free basal diet (Fig.1B).This was probably due to the strong cholesterol-lowering capacity of soy proteins,and is consistent with previous observations.1–3,9)There was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in serum bile acid concentration among the groups,except for the second week.The serum bile acid concentration,which remark-ably increased in the ﬁrst week,gradually decreased as the experiment continued (Fig.1B).It has been shown that RP eﬀectively catches bile acids through hydrophobic interactions and that the resulting complexes are non-dissociable in the large intestine.7,10)This is probably the reason RP is more eﬀective in lowering cholesterol levels than other plant-derived dietary ﬁbers.AcknowledgmentThe authors thank Fuji Oil for the provision of SPI and HMF.References1)Aoyama T,Fukui K,Nakamori T,Hashimoto Y,Yamamoto T,Takamatsu K,and Sugano M,Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,64,2594–2600(2000).2)Sugano M,Goto S,Yamada Y,Yoshida K,Hashimoto Y,Matsuo T,and Kimoto M,J.Nutr.,120,977–985(1990).3)Sugano M,Yamada Y,Yoshida K,Hashimoto Y,Matsuo T,and Kimoto M,Atherosclerosis ,72,115–122(1988).4)Wang MF,Yamamoto S,Chung HM,Chung SY,Miyatani S,Mori M,Okita T,and Sugano M,J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo),41,187–195(1995).5)Kato N and Iwami K,J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo),48,1–5(2002).6)Azuma N,Kanaya M,Kanamoto R,and Iwami K,J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo),45,183–192(1999).7)Azuma N,Machida K,Saeki T,Kanamoto R,and Iwami K,J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo),46,23–29(2000).8)Higaki N,Sato K,Suda H,Suzuka T,Komori T,Saeki T,Nakamura Y,Ohtsuki K,Iwami K,and Kanamoto R,Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,70,2844–2852(2006).9)Anderson JW,Johnstone BM,and Cook-Newell ME,N.Engl.J.Med.,333,276–282(1995).10)Azuma N,Suda H,Iwasaki H,Yamagata N,Saeki T,Kanamoto R,and Iwami K,J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo),46,91–96(2000).F e c a l b i l e a c i d (µm o l / g )Feeding period (weeks)F e c a l c h o l e s t e r o l (µm o l / g )Feeding period (weeks)ABFeeding period (weeks)S e r u m b i l e a c i d (µm o l / l )Feeding period (weeks)S e r u m t o t a l c h o l e s t e r o l (m m o l / l )0246812341234Fig.1.Changes in Fecal Excretion of Bile Acid and Cholesterol and Serum Components after Dietary Switch in Experimental Rats.Feces and sera were collected at weekly intervals before and after the switch in diets.Each point and bar is the average ÆSE for 6animals.Diﬀerent letters at each time point represent signiﬁcant diﬀerence (p <0:05).,SPI;HMF;,RP +SPI.922K.Y AMATANI et al.。

SPI参数设置标准

chip料、
3.4 其他部门：负责监督、协助验证参数，以保证SPI正常工作。

此参数进行程序制作，特殊产品及特别位置的焊盘可在工艺设备AOI三方协商后另外设置参数，以满足生产品质需要。

四、参数设置标准
BGA类料
以上所设参数均通过本公司长期生产验证，已达较佳状态，既能保证印刷品质，又能确保生产直通率。

后续产品须按照 3.3 工艺：负责对不良分析及改善措施；
Cyber SPI参数设置标准
一、目的：
为规范本公司Cyber SPI检测标准，确保品质和生产效率.
二、适用范围
适用于本公司所有Cyber SPI线体产品的印刷质量检验.
三、职责
3.1 AOI:负责按照参数设置完成SPI程序的制作；
3.2 设备：负责印刷机的调试，确保印刷的最佳状态；。

SPI美国标准模具抛光对照表

for mirror or optical finishes
6# 钻石膏
A-2
grade #6 diamond buff
A-3
15# 钻石膏
grade #15 diamond buff
B-1
600# 砂纸
600 grit paper
B-2
400# 砂纸
400 grit paper
320# 砂纸
B-3 320 grit paper
dry blast #24 oxide (6" distance at 100psi;6 secs)
helps hide shrink marks and other imperfections
要求产品不能反光的模具表面
190-230
dull non-reflecting finish on molded or cast part
10-12
用装饰性表面
for decorative finishes
D-2 D-3
#240 氧化物（5"距离用100磅
帮助隐藏产品的缩纹或其它不良
的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间） 26-32 外观
dry blast #240 oxide (5" distance at 100psi;6 secs)
#24 氧化物（6"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）
de69
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消除所有的加工纹
removes all tools and machining marks
提供较好的出模
provides good mold release
在模具上表现为有较暗的反光。
light reflecting finish on molded part,some sheen

SPI美国标准抛光等级

模具抛光对照表
Mold Finish Comparison
美国工业学会标准
SPI Standards
抛光级别
Finish Type
说明
Description
粗糙度
Roughness Averaging
备注
Comments
A-1
3# 钻石膏
grade #3 diamond buff
0-1 抛光达到镜面或光学要求
320 stone
mute finish on molded part,no sheen
D-1
#24 沙子（6"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）
dry blast glass bead (8" distance at 100psi;5 secs)
10-12
用装饰性表面
for decorative finishes
for mirror or optical finishes
A-2 A-3
6# 钻石膏
grade #6 diamond buff
15# 钻石膏
grade #15 diamond buff
需要很长时间与成本才能达到此类
1-2 抛光级别
most time consuming and costly finishes to achieve
helps hide shrink marks and other imperfections
要求产品不能反光的模具表面
190-230
dull non-reflecting finish on molded or cast part
de69
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2013-5-8

SPI美国标准(抛光等级)

美国工业学会标准SPI Standards 抛光级别说明粗糙度备注Finish TypeDescriptionRoughnessAveragingComments3# 钻石膏抛光达到镜面或光学要求grade #3 diamond buff for mirror or optical finishes6# 钻石膏需要很长时间与成本才能达到此类抛光级别grade #6 diamond buffmost time consuming and costly finishes toachieve15# 钻石膏对钢料的质量要求很高grade #15 diamond buffsteel grade important to results (D-M-E No.3or No.5 steel recommended)600# 砂纸消除所有的加工纹600 grit paper removes all tools and machining marks400# 砂纸提供较好的出模400 grit paper provides good mold release320# 砂纸在模具上表现为有较暗的反光。

320 grit paperlight reflecting finish on molded part,somesheen600 油石消除所有的加工纹600 stone removes all tools and machining marks400 油石提供较好的出模400 stone provides good mold release320 油石在模具上表现为不会反光，且没有光泽。

320 stone mute finish on molded part,no sheen#24 沙子（6"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）用装饰性表面dry blast glass bead (8" distance at100psi;5 secs)for decorative finishes#240 氧化物（5"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）帮助隐藏产品的缩纹或其它不良外观dry blast #240 oxide (5" distance at100psi;6 secs)helps hide shrink marks and otherimperfections#24 氧化物（6"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）要求产品不能反光的模具表面dry blast #24 oxide (6" distance at100psi;6 secs)dull non-reflecting finish on molded or castpart模具抛光对照表Mold Finish ComparisonA-1 A-2 A-30-1 1-2 2-32-3 4-5 9-10 10-12 25-2810-12B-1B-2B-3C-1C-2D-1C-338-42D-2 D-326-32 190-230de69Page 12013-5-8。

毫米波雷达数据采集系统设计

现代电子技术Modern Electronics TechniqueOct. 2023Vol. 46 No. 202023年10月15日第46卷第20期0 引言毫米波通信具有波束窄、尺寸小、探测能力强等优点[1]，已成为当前移动通信研究的热点。

早期毫米波雷达主要应用于军事领域，近年来随着雷达技术的发展，毫米波雷达传感器开始应用于汽车电子、无人机、智能交通等民用领域[2⁃3]。

毫米波雷达具有精度高、抗干扰能力强、全天候全天时、高分辨率、多目标等优点。

2017年5月16日，美国德州仪器（TI ）全球发布了AWR 和IWR 两个系列的毫米波雷达传感器，面向汽车领域和工业领域。

本文使用TI 公司的毫米波雷达AWR1243boost 开发板作为系统的射频前端传感器。

AWR1243器件是一款能够在76~81 GHz 频带内运行的集成式单芯片FMCW 收发器，主要集成了小数分频PLL 、发射器、接收器、基带和ADC ，具有4 GHz 的可用带宽、3个发射通道和4个接收通道。

AWR1243评估板上还集成了77 GHz 毫米波MIMO 天线、频率为40 MHz 的时钟晶振、与外部处理器进行控制连接的SPI 接口以及与外部处理器进行数据连接的MIPI D⁃PHY 和CSI2 V1.1接口[4]。

AWR1243芯片的架构如图1所示。

针对毫米波雷达射频前端的高速数据，毫米波雷达采集数据系统应具有高数据采集速率、大数据容量以及较高的可移植性等特点。

现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA ）具有并行运算能力强、实时性好等优点，可以满足毫米波雷达射频前端高速数据的需求。

本文提出一种以FPGA 、USB 为数据传DOI ：10.16652/j.issn.1004⁃373x.2023.20.006引用格式：孙黄悦，于映.毫米波雷达数据采集系统设计[J].现代电子技术，2023，46（20）：28⁃32.毫米波雷达数据采集系统设计孙黄悦，于映（南京邮电大学集成电路科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210023）摘要：随着毫米波雷达逐渐民用化，毫米波通信已成为当前移动通信的研究热点。

SPI美国标准模具抛光对照表

de69
Page 1
2022/2/18
消除所有的加工纹
removes all tools and machining marks
提供较好的出模
provides good mold release
在模具上表现为有较暗的反光。
light reflecting finish on molded part,some sheen
消除所有的加工纹
removes all tools and machining marks
10-12
用装饰性表面
for decorative finishes
D-2 D-3
#240 氧化物（5"距离用100磅
帮助隐藏产品的缩纹或其它不良
的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间） 26-32 外观
dry blast #240 oxid Nhomakorabea (5" distance at 100psi;6 secs)
#24 氧化物（6"距离用100磅的压力喷沙，持续5秒时间）
for mirror or optical finishes
6# 钻石膏
A-2
grade #6 diamond buff
A-3
15# 钻石膏
grade #15 diamond buff
B-1
600# 砂纸
600 grit paper
B-2
400# 砂纸
400 grit paper
320# 砂纸
B-3 320 grit paper
dry blast #24 oxide (6" distance at 100psi;6 secs)
helps hide shrink marks and other imperfections

hcs12 mc9s12zvm-family 參考手冊说明书

MC9S12ZVM-Family Reference Manual HCS12MicrocontrollersTo provide the most up-to-date information, the document revision on the Internet is the most current. A printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information available, refer to :.This document contains information for all constituent modules, with the exception of the S12Z CPU. For S12ZCPU information please refer to the CPU S12Z Reference Manual.S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 specific information is preliminary until these devices are qualified.The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. The individual module sections contain revision history tables with more detailed information.Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty,representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters that may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”, must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Freescale Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Freescale Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Freescale Semiconductor product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or Table 0-1. Revision History DateRevision Description 12 Dec 2013 1.2 Replaced generic 8-channel TIM section with specific 4-channel TIM sectionTextual enhancements and corrections throughoutUpdated electrical parameter section and added parameters for temperataures up to 175°C- Added Table A-5- Merged Table A-8 and A-9 into Table A-9. Values updated. .- Table A-15. Parameter #2. max changed from 800uA to 1050uA- Table A-15. Inserted new C class parameter ISUPS at 85C. typ. 80uA- Appendices B,D and E. Updated parameter values based on characterization results.- Appendix C. Added parameter values for range above T=150°C- Table F-3. Merged rows 2a and 2b. Merged rows 6a and 6b.- Appendix G. Merged tables G-1 and G-2.- Tables H-1 and H-2 values updated.20 JAN 2014 1.3Updated Stop mode description for BDC enabled caseRemoved false reference to modified clock monitor assert frequencyUpdated electricals for 175°C Grade0- Removed temperature range disclaimer from electrical parameter spec.footer- Added sentence above table A-3- Table D-1. LINPHY parameters 12a and 12b replaced by 12a, 12b and 12c-- Table D-2. LINPHY wake up pulse over whole temperature range- Table E-1. FET gate charge spec. updated22 MAY2014 1.4Updated family derivative table for S12ZVML32, S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 devicesAdded 64KB, 32KB and 16KB derivative information to flash module chapterAdded pin routing options for S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 devicesAdded HV Phy information for the S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 derivativesUpdated Part ID assignment table and ordering information for S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16Corrected PLL VCO maximum frequency specificationChanged V LVLSA maximum from 7V to 6.9VAdded electrical parameter for HD division ratio through the phase multiplexerCorrected preferred VRL reference from VRL_1 to VRL_0Included NVM timing parameters for the S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 devicesAdded GDU S12ZVM32 and S12ZVM16 specific differences and electrical specificationsAdded references to f WSTAT Added VDDX short circuit fall back current and temperature/input dependency specs.Chapter1Device Overview MC9S12ZVM-Family1.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2.1MC9S12ZVM-Family Member Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2.2Functional Differences Between N06E and 0N95G Masksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.2.3Functional Differences Between 1N95G and 0N95G Masksets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.3Chip-Level Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.4Module Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4.1S12Z Central Processor Unit (CPU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4.2Embedded Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.4.3Clocks, Reset & Power Management Unit (CPMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.4.4Main External Oscillator (XOSCLCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.4.5Timer (TIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.4.6Pulse width Modulator with Fault protection (PMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.4.7Programmable Trigger Unit (PTU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.4.8LIN physical layer transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.4.9Serial Communication Interface Module (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.4.10Multi-Scalable Controller Area Network (MSCAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.4.11Serial Peripheral Interface Module (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.4.12Analog-to-Digital Converter Module (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.4.13Supply V oltage Sensor (BATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.4.14On-Chip V oltage Regulator system (VREG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.4.15Gate Drive Unit (GDU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.4.16Current Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.4.17High V oltage Physical Interface (S12ZVM32, S12ZVM16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.5Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6Device Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.6.1Flash Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.6.2Part ID Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.7Signal Description and Device Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.7.1Pin Assignment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.7.2Detailed External Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.7.3Power Supply Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.7.4Package and Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.8Internal Signal Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.8.1ADC Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.8.2Motor Control Loop Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.8.3Device Level PMF Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.8.4BDC Clock Source Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.8.5LINPHY Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.8.6HVPHY Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.8.7FTMRZ Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.8.8CPMU Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 1.9Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.9.1Chip Configuration Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.9.2Debugging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.9.3Low Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1.10Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.10.1Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.10.2Securing the Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.10.3Operation of the Secured Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.10.4Unsecuring the Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.10.5Reprogramming the Security Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.10.6Complete Memory Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1.11Resets and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.11.1Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.11.2Interrupt Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.11.3Effects of Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 1.12Module device level dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.12.1CPMU COP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.12.2CPMU High Temperature Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.12.3Flash IFR Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 1.13Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.13.1ADC Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.13.2SCI Baud Rate Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.13.3Motor Control Application Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601.13.4BDCM Complementary Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.13.5BLDC Six-Step Commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721.13.6PMSM Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741.13.7Power Domain Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Chapter2Port Integration Module (S12ZVMPIMV2)2.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.1.1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.1.2Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.2External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2.3Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.3.1Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.3.2PIM Registers 0x0200-0x020F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932.3.3PIM Generic Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012.3.4PIM Generic Register Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 2.4Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.4.1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.4.2Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112.4.3Pin I/O Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122.4.4Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132.4.5Pin interrupts and Key-Wakeup (KWU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142.4.6Over-Current Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152.5Initialization and Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152.5.1Port Data and Data Direction Register writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152.5.2Over-Current Protection on EVDD1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Chapter3Memory Mapping Control (S12ZMMCV1)3.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173.1.1Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183.1.2Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183.1.3Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183.1.4Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193.1.5Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.2External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.3Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203.3.1Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203.3.2Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.4Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253.4.1Global Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253.4.2Illegal Accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273.4.3Uncorrectable ECC Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Chapter4Interrupt (S12ZINTV0)4.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1294.1.1Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304.1.2Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304.1.3Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314.1.4Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 4.2External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 4.3Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1324.3.1Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1324.3.2Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 4.4Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384.4.1S12Z Exception Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384.4.2Interrupt Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384.4.3Priority Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394.4.4Reset Exception Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394.4.5Exception Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.4.6Interrupt Vector Table Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 4.5Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.5.1Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.5.2Interrupt Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414.5.3Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Chapter5Background Debug Controller (S12ZBDCV2)5.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.1.1Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.1.2Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.1.3Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445.1.4Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 5.2External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5.3Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475.3.1Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475.3.2Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 5.4Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525.4.1Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525.4.2Enabling BDC And Entering Active BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525.4.3Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535.4.4BDC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535.4.5BDC Access Of Internal Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695.4.6BDC Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725.4.7Serial Interface Hardware Handshake (ACK Pulse) Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755.4.8Hardware Handshake Abort Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775.4.9Hardware Handshake Disabled (ACK Pulse Disabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785.4.10Single Stepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795.4.11Serial Communication Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5.5Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.5.1Clock Frequency Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Chapter6S12Z Debug (S12ZDBGV2) Module6.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1816.1.1Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826.1.2Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826.1.3Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826.1.4Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1836.1.5Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 6.2External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1846.2.1External Event Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1846.2.2Profiling Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 6.3Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1856.3.1Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1856.3.2Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 6.4Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096.4.1DBG Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096.4.2Comparator Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096.4.3Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2136.4.4State Sequence Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2156.4.5Trace Buffer Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2166.4.6Code Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2256.4.7Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 6.5Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.5.1Avoiding Unintended Breakpoint Re-triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.5.2Debugging Through Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.5.3Breakpoints from other S12Z sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2316.5.4Code Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Chapter7ECC Generation Module (SRAM_ECCV1)7.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337.1.1Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 7.2Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337.2.1Register Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337.2.2Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 7.3Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2397.3.1Aligned 2 and 4 Byte Memory Write Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2407.3.2Other Memory Write Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2407.3.3Memory Read Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2417.3.4Memory Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2417.3.5Interrupt Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2417.3.6ECC Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2427.3.7ECC Debug Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242Chapter8S12 Clock, Reset and Power Management Unit (S12CPMU_UHV_V6)8.1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2458.1.1Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2468.1.2Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488.1.3S12CPMU_UHV_V6 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 8.2Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.1RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.2EXTAL and XTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.3VSUP — Regulator Power Input Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.4VDDA, VSSA — Regulator Reference Supply Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.5VDDX, VSSX— Pad Supply Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538.2.6BCTL— Base Control Pin for external PNP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.2.7VSS1,2 — Core Ground Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.2.8VDD— Core Logic Supply Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.2.9VDDF— NVM Logic Supply Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.2.10API_EXTCLK — API external clock output pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548.2.11TEMPSENSE — Internal Temperature Sensor Output V oltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254。

模具表面处理种类及规格

Fine Fine Medel Grov
符号 VDI12 VDI15 VDI18 VDI21 VDI24 VDI27 VDI30 VDI33 VDI36 VDI39 VDI42 VDI45
粗糙度 Ra 0.40 Ra 0.50 Ra 0.80 Ra 1.12 Ra 1.60 Ra 2.24 Ra 3.15 Ra 4.50 Ra 6.30 Ra 9.00 Ra 12.5 Ra 18.0
SPIB-1
SPIC-1
SPID-1
SPIA-2
（良好脱模和外观）
SPIB-2
SPIC-2
SPID-2
SPIA-3
（良好脱模，外观无需高光）
SPIB-3
SPIC-3
SPID-3
火花纹(Thin Fire Texture)
号码
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
MT Specification
单位：mm
咬花深度
0.0102
0.0254
0.0381
0.0508
0.0762
0.1143
0.0762
0.0762
0.0508
0.0889
0.1524
0.0635
0.0508
0.0635
0.0635
0.0698
0.1016
Ptn.# MT-11000 MT-11010 MT-11020 MT-11030 MT-11040 MT-11050 MT-11060 MT-11070 MT-11080 MT-11090 MT-11100 MT-11110 MT-11120 MT-11130 MT-11140 MT-11150 MT-11160

普通心理学_记忆_第二讲

Whole Report
Display
MQTZ RFGA NSLC
能写下来几个字母？
Whole Report
Display
MQTZ RFGA NSLC
Response
MQTZ …
Result
Whole report
Less than 4.5 of the 12 letters(37.5%)
保持几秒以内，容
量9
记忆三级加工系统
复述
感觉
短时
长时
信息丧失
时间推移
信息丧失
Short-Term Memory
Controlling Information in STM Forgetting of STM Retrieval of STM Characteristics of STM
Short-Term Memory
普通心理学_记忆_第二讲
记忆种类
记忆的分类:
根据信息保持时间长短分：感觉记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆
根据记忆内容：形象记忆、情景记忆、语义记忆、情绪记忆、运动记忆
根据意识状态：外显记忆和内隐记忆
信息加工处理方式：程序性记忆和陈述性记忆
目的性：无意记忆和有意记忆
感觉记忆
感觉记忆是一种感觉的残留，比如有一道闪电划过，你可能会看到后像（ afterimage），这个后像就是你的感觉记忆，其中还包括了包括对声音的声像记忆。
– 精细复述是短时记忆存储的重要条件。
Miller(1956)：神奇的7±2
DJIBMNYSEWSJSEC
你能记住几个？
Chunking
DJIBMNYSEWSJSEC DJ IBM NYSE WSJ SEC

TSB82AA2中文资料

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
元器件交易网
Contents
Section 1 Title Page 1−1 1−1 1−2 1−3 1−3 1−3 1−3 2−1 3−1 3−3 3−4 3−4 3−5 3−6 3−7 3−7 3−8 3−8 3−9 3−10 3−11 3−12 3−12 3−13 3−13 3−14 3−14 3−15 3−16 3−16 3−17 3−18 3−19 3−21 3−22 4−1 4−4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 TSB82AA2 Data Manual Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Terminal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TSB82AA2 Controller Programming Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 PCI Configuration Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Vendor ID Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Device ID Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Command Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Class Code and Revision ID Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Latency Timer and Class Cache Line Size Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Header Type and BIST Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 OHCI Base Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 TI Extension Base Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 CardBus Cis Base Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 CardBus CIS Pointer Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 Subsystem Identification Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14 Power Management Capabilities Pointer Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 Interrupt Line and Pin Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.16 MIN_GNT and MAX_LAT Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.17 OHCI Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.18 Capability ID and Next Item Pointer Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.19 Power Management Capabilities Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20 Power Management Control and Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.21 Power Management Extension Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.22 Multifunction Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.23 Miscellaneous Configuration Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.24 Link Enhancement Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.25 Subsystem Access Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.26 GPIO Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OHCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 OHCI Version Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PSSI2021SAY中文资料

Constant current source
FEATURES • One chip constant current source • Reduced number of components and board space. APPLICATIONS • Especially suitable for space reduction in, for example, LED driving circuits or active bias controlling. DESCRIPTION Resistor equipped PNP transistor with two diodes on one chip in a plastic SC-88A package. Built-in bias resistor and two diodes allow operation as constant current source. The stabilized current can be adjusted between 15 µA and 50 mA by connection of external resistors between pins 4 and 5. MARKING TYPE NUMBER PSSI2021SAY MARKING CODE S1p
4
1
2
3
Top view
1 n.c.
2
3
MGU348
Fig.1 Simplified outline (SC-88A) and symbol.
LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). SYMBOL VS Vout VR Istab Ptot Tstg Tj Tamb Note 1. Device mounted on a FR4 printed-circuit board. PARAMETER supply voltage output voltage reverse voltage continuous stabilized current (DC) total power dissipation storage temperature junction temperature operating ambient temperature Tamb ≤ 25 °C; note 1 VS = 75 V between all terminals CONDITIONS − − − − − −65 − −65 MIN. MAX. 75 73 0.5 50 335 +150 150 +150 V V V mA mW °C °C °C UNIT

英文贵州中寒武世凯里生物群中宏观藻类化石新材料_英文_

植物学报 2001 , 43 (7) :742 - 749Acta B o ta n ica Si n ica贵州中寒武世凯里生物群中宏观藻类化石新材料杨瑞东1 ,2 毛家仁2 赵元龙2(1 . 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室 ,贵阳 550002 ;2 . 贵州工业大学资源与环境学院 , 贵阳 550003)摘要 : 贵州省台江县中寒武世凯里生物群含有丰富的非钙质藻类和具有软躯体后生动物化石 ,它为布尔吉斯页岩型生物群在世界广泛分布提供了更有力的证据。

在生物群的宏观藻类中描述了 5 个属 5 个种 ,包括 2 个新属。

它们是 Marpolia spissa Walcott 、Acino cricus stichus C onw ay M orris and R o b ison 、Udotealga erecta Y ang 、Eosargassum sawataY ang 和 Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii Y ang ,并且将凯里生物群中的宏观藻类化石组合与加拿大布尔吉斯页岩生物群中的宏观藻类进行了对比 ,发现两个生物群不仅具有相似的动物化石组成 ,而且宏观藻类化石组成也很相似。

关键词 : 贵州 ; 中寒武世 ; 凯里生物群 ; 宏观藻类化石中图分类号 : Q914. 82文献标识码 : A文章编号 : 057727496 (2001) 0720742208N e w Macroalgal Fossils from Midd le Ca m brian K a i li Biotain Guizhou Province , ChinaY AN G Rui - D ong1 ,2, MAO J i a- R en 2 , ZH AO Y uan-L ong2(1 . The State K ey L a boratory o f Environmental G eochemistry , Institute of Geoch emistry , The Chinese Academy of Sciences , G uiyang 550002 , China ;2 . College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Guizhou Univer sity o f Technology , G uiyang 550003 , China )Abstract : Abundant and well -preserved rem ains of noncalcareous algae and soft- b odied m etaz oans were col 2lected from Middle C am brian K aili bi ota in T aijiang county , G uizhou Province , C hina . These rem ains provide further evidence for the wide geographic distributi on of many Burgess Shale tax a . Am ong the algae , 5 genera (including tw o new genera ) and 5 species are described. They are Marpolia spissa Walcott , Acinocricus stichus C onway Morris and R obison , Udotealga erecta Y ang , Eosargassum sawata Y ang , and Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii Y ang. C ontrasting the m acroalgal fossil assem blage in the K aili bi ota with one in the Burgess Shale bi ota , it is clear that sim ilarity of the K aili bi ota and the Burgess Shale bi ota is reflected by the sam e content of not only the soft- b odied m etaz oans , but also the noncalcareous algae . K ey w or d s : G uizhou Province ; Middel C am brian ; K ail bi ota ; m acroalgae E voluti on insights provided by the Burgess Shale bi ota from the Middle C am brian of British C olum bia are becom ing m ore widely appreciated , especially as they pertain to be diversi ficati on of early m etaz oans. The dis 2 covery in other C am brian l ocalities of soft- bodied fossils that are directly com parable to those from the Burgess Shale is , therefore , of particular signi ficance in dem on 2 strating the wide distributi on of this bi ota . Up to the pre 2 sent , many sites are now known from the Laurentian cra 2 ton , S outh C hina platform , which during the C am brian peri od appears to have occupied an equatorial l ocati on iso 2 lated from other m aj or C raton 1 - 4 .Here we report the occurrence of new tax a of algae from K aili bi ota that enlarge our knowledge of C am brian diversity. The K aili bi ota ex tends further the distributi on of the Burgess Shale- t ype bi otas. Moreover , on the basis of the similarity of the algal fossils between the Burgess Shale bi ota and the K aili bi ota , the factors controlling the provincializ ati on of Middle C am brian bi ogeography will be m enti oned in this paper . S om e of the wider im plicati ons of the continuing discoveries of Burgess Shale- t ype bi otas will be discussed elsewhere , though comm ent is given here , but am ong these new discoveries , the Chengjiang bi ota and the K aili bi ota from S outh C hina are of special im portance given the postulated palaeogeographic separa 2 ti on between the Laurentian form.The K aili bi ota occurs and C hinese Y angtzi plat 2 at the middle part of the Oryctoc ephalus indicus- Xingr enaspis z one in the middle part of the K aili F orm ati on at Balang , T aijiang , G uizhouReceived : 1999204213 A cce pted : 2001204205Supported by the N ational Natural Science Foundation of China ( G rant No . 40062001) and the D octoral Foundation of G uizhou University of Technology.Province 5 ,6 , the ex act age of the K aili bi ota is earl y Middle C am brian , because the first occurrence of the K aili bi ota is coincident with the first occurrence of Mid 2 dle C am brian key fossils ( such as Oryctocephalus indicus , Pagetia prolata , Micr or yctocara neva densis ) of MiddleT a b le 1 The c omparative relationship o f the macroalg al fossils b e 2 tw een the K aili b iota and the Burg ess S hale b iotaK aili biotaBurgess Shale biotaRhodophycophytaPalaeocodium yichangicumParaamphiros sinian sis Wahpla sp . Dalyia racemata Bosworthia simulansPhaeophyc ophyt aEolaminia grandis E. perelegansEosargassum sawata Konglingiphyton erecta Palaeodictyota dichotoma Fractibeltia vein F. f o rmosus F. typical F. f i brillata Leaf i ophyton dichuarae W avilaminaria taijiangia Yuknessia sp .ChlorophycophytaMorania con f l uensMarpolia spissa M . aequalis Thamnophton f ormo sus E oulothrix f ibrillata Enteromophites sinian sisUncertain taxaPalaeospinella typical Palmalga glumaceaFlabelliphyton lantianensis Kailiphyton regularum K. simulans Udotealga erecta Sinocylindra yunnanensisDoushantuo phyton cometa Guizhouella ramulosaRhodophycophytaWaputikia ramosa Dalyia nitens D . racemata Wahpia in solens W . mimica W . virgataBosworthia simulans B . gygesChlor ophyc ophyt a and CyanophycophytaMargaretia dorus Morania con f l uens M . costellif era M . elongata , M . f ragmeata M . f rondosa M . ? globosa M . parasitica M . ? reticulata Marpolia spissa M . aequalisPhaeophycophyta ?Dictyophyton gracilisUncertain taxaSphaerocodium cambria S . praecursorC am brian 7, bel ow the Oryctocephalus- Xingrenaspis z one. Moreover , a large num ber of the L ower C am brian tril obite B athynotus elem ents are widely distributed , while other L ower C am brian tril obite such as Red l ichia , Protory ct oc epha l us are als o collected. Altogether , its age bel ongs to the early stage of Middle C am brian.The K aili bi ota includes 12 phyla , which are algae , acritarchs , P oriferia , C oelenterata ( including C tenophora and C nidaria ) , “Worm s ”, T ardipolypoda , Medusi form anim als , Brachi opoda , Hyolithida , Mollusca , Arthropo 2 da , and E chinoderm ata . Also present are problem atical or enigm atic tax a and trace fossils4 ,7. R ecently , new fos 2sils have been discovered 7 , including Ottoia Walcott , N araoia Walcott , Palaeoscolex Whittard , Urokodia H ou et al , Micr odictyon Bengtson et al , anom al ocarids , fuxi 2 anhuids and other tax a . Because , m ore than 120 genera have been recogniz ed , so far the K aili bi ota is am ong the m ost diverse Burgess Shale- t ype bi otas foll owing the Burgess Shale and the C hengjiang bi otas. The m ost re 2 m arkable fossils in the K aili bi ota are non- tril obite arthro 2 poda , echinoderm s and m edusi form anim als. Moreover , abundant and well -preserved m acroalgal fossils also a ppear to be m uch im portant part of the bi ota 8 - 10 .1 Comp arison b et w een th e K a il i bi ota and the Burgess Sh ale biotaThe m acroalgal fossils in the K aili bi ota , until now ,consist of 3 m orphol ogical types , 1) branch type , m aj or form s of m acroalgal fossils in the K aili bi ota , such as Marpolia and Thamnophyton . 2 ) Belt type , such asFrom T able 1 , tw o bi otas share the sam e elem ents , including Dalyia nitens , B o sworthia simulans , B .gyges , Morania , Marpolia spissa , M . aequalis andWahpia . More over , the m orphol ogy ( such as branching pattern ) of m acroalgal fossils in the tw o bi otas also is sim 2 ilar. Am ong the m acroalgal fossils , the distributi on of Marpolia is widespread , known from C hina and C anada ,from the Middle C am brian of Utah 4 , and the Paseky shale of C z ech R epublic 11 and Russia 12 as well .Based on the pattern of bi ogeographic distributi on of the C am brian m acroalgae and the similarities of the algae and m etaz oan fossils in the K aili bi ota to those of theBurgess Shale bi ota 2 ,3 ,5 ,13 ,14, m any paleontol ogists con 2 sider that the Laurentian and C hinese Y angtzi platform were close in the middle C am brian , while isolated by open ocean 15 .We suggest that the factors controlling the provincial 2 iz ati on of C am brian bi ogeography are m ainly palaeolati 2 tude . Because ev oluti onary level of m etaz oan is relatively l ow in the Precam brian-Middle C am brian , and bi otic diversifying energy is l ow as well . Schopf ’s m odel 16 ofK onglingiphyton , and En 2and thread type , such as B o sworthia , Eolaminaria , teromophites 9 ,10 Eoulothrix and . 3 ) Silk Pal aeospi nell a . Moreover , based on the observati ons of m acroalgal fossils in the K aili bi ota , tw o m acroalgal assem blages have been established , which are (with an ascending order ) : B oswort hi a- Eolaminar ia as 2 sem blage , and Marpoli a- Thamnophyton assem blage .At present , m ore than 20 m acroalgal fossil genera have been rec ogniz ed , m acroalgal fossils of the K aili bi ota are am ong the m ost diverse Burgess Shale- type bi otas (in 2 cluding Burgess Shale bi ota and C hengjiang bi ota ) . The com parative relati onship of the m acroalgal fossils between the K aili bi ota and the Burgess Shale bi ota is shown in T able 1 .744 植物学报 Acta B o tanica Sinica43 卷2001 Marpolia spissa Walcott , Y ang et al 10: 287 , Pl .2 ,3 , Figs. 1 - 8 .Lectotyp e : Thallus , USNM 35403 , illustrated by Walcott , 1919 , Pl . 52 , Fig. 1 ; selected here .M aterials : 50 specim ens of com plete thalli collected by Y ang and Zhao from the K aili F orm ati on , and m any diss ociated filam ents and fragm ents.Occurrence : Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina .Diagnosis : Thallus sm all ; 2 - 3 cm high , som e 2 tim es to about 5 cm in height . Filam ents num erous , branching basally at l ow angles to form a dense tuft . Most filam ents are com posed of an inner trichom e of uniserial cells. Filam ent range from 20 to 60μm in width and av 2erages about 40μm. R arely , tw o to four trichom es share a single sheath. R arely trichom es m ay be naked. C ells of trichom es discoidal , ranging from 2 to 4 μm in length , and from 2 to 10μm in width ; heterocysts absent . T ermi 2 nal cells of trichom e unknown.Descrip tion : R em ains of col onies range from micro- to m acrofossils. Bushy t o tufted col onies are com posed of num erous filam ents and irregularly spaced false branches. Filam ents comm only bear sm ooth sheaths and im pressi ons of sediment grains. Trichom es and cell structures are un 2 known. S om etim es com plete thallus is com posed of regu 2 larly 5 to 6 sheaths , and som e com plete thalli with “hold 2 fast ”present in the K aili bi ota ( Figs. 1 ,13) . The com 2 plete thalli are scarce in the Burgess Shale bi ota and Paskey Shale 11 ,24 ,25 . Their m orphol ogy is als o sim ilar toPila bibractensis from Permian of French 26.Discussion : F ossilized cell rem ains of filam entous cyanobacteria m ainly show clear signs of shrinkage and disaggregati on 27 . Therefore , tax onom y of such rem ainsis based on the width of sheath 27. Filam ent dim ensi on of Marpolia spissa from the K aili bi ota represent 9 to 100 μm , this range of dim ensi on of Marpolia spissa is coinci 2 dent with that of Marpolia spissa from the BurgessShale 4 ,27 and the Pasekly Shale 11. The m orphol ogical similarities between Marpolia and recent Cladophora sco 2 paef ormis ( Ruprecht ) Harvey m ay hint their bel onging to the sam e divisi on.Despite the broader range of filam ent width , they bel ong to Marpolia spissa , as this view menti oned by Steiner and Fatka 11 .Most m acroalgal fossils of the K aili bi ota are com 2 posed of Marpolia genus , while the m orphol ogical form of Marpolia is coincident with the recent Cladophora sco 2 paef o rmis ( R uprecht ) Harvey. Therefore , we suggest thatbi ogeographical regi on is not suitable for early m etaz oan and m etaphyla , based on the pattern of geographic distri 2 buti on of the m etaz oan in the Precam brian- C am brian , the new m odel of the Precam brian-Middle C am brian bi ogeo 2 graphical regi on established 10 , that could ex press the similarities am ong the m em bers of the C hengjiang bi ota , the K aili bi ota and the Burgess Shale bi ota .The ecol ogic environm ent of the K aili bi ota m ay be reconstructed according to the m acroalgal fossil and other fossil assem blages , and features of sedim entati on in the K aili F orm ati on. Although the abundant m acroalgal and early m etaz oan fossils al ways occur together in the K aili F orm ati on , it turns out that m ost fossils in the K aili bi ota were rew orked , suggesting that the m echanism of taphono 2 m y of the K aili bi ota is sim ilar to that of the Burgess Shale bi ota in C anada . Moreover , a com parison of the m acroal 2 gal fossils in the K aili bi ota with the Precam brianones3 , 17 - 19shows that the evoluti onary level of algae in the C am brian is higher than that of algae in the Precam 2brian , for ex am ple , the thallusos of Eosarg a ssum s awat a Y ang , present jagged pattern with receptacle structure .2 Fossil DescriptionK ingdom Prokaryota Divisi on ? M yx ophyceae ? C lass , Order , Family uncertain G enus Marpolia Walcott , 1919T ype species : Marpolia spissa Walcott 1919Marpolia spissa Walcott 1919 ( F igs. 1 ,8 ,9 ,11 ,13 - 15)1919 Marpolia spissa Walcot 21: 234 , Pl . 1a- b .52 , Figs. 1 , 1923 Marpolia spissa Walcot , Walcott 215 , Fig. 1 .1966 Marpolia spissa Walcott , Johnson 22 7 , Figs. 1 - 3 .: 59 - 61 , Pl . : 24 - 25 , Pl . 1981 Marpolia spissa Walcott , G unther and G unther 23Pl . 67B .1985 Marpolia Walcott , C onway Morris and Whittington : Fig. 4 .: 1985 Marpolia spissa Walcott , Whittington : Figs. 4 . 2 . 1988 Marpolia spissa Walcott , C onway Morris and R obi 2 son 4: 5 - 6 , Figs. 1 - 2 .1994 Marpolia spissa Walcott , Mao et al : 346 , Pl . 1 , 1 - 5 , Pl . 2 , Fig. 1 ( n on ) .Figs. 1994 Figs. 1996 al 24 Marpolia 1 , 2 .spissa Walcott , Briggs et : 53 , al 25Marpolia spissa Walcott , Steiner et : 287 , Fig. 7 .F ig. 1. The map sh ow ing ty pical shape of Marp olia f o ssil in the E arly - M id d le Cambrian K aili Fm. of T aijiang cou n try ,G u izh ou Province , China.Marpolia lives at tide z one just like recent scopaef ormis ( R uprecht ) Harvey26.Divisi on C hl orophytaC lass , order , family uncertain Acinocricus stichus C onway Morrisand R obison , 1988 ( P lat . I - 11 ,12)into whorls of spines , without a broad ax is bearing som e spines ( Figs. 10 , 12 ) . Because of disturbance of water engine , som etim es specim ens are representatively spines on the surface of shale .Discussion : C onway Morris and R obison 4 consid 2 ered it is similar to the alga C haetocladus from the Siluri 2 Cladophora an of Wisconsin. At present , Bian et al ( u npublished ) 1981 Peytoi a- l ike G unther and G unther 23 discovered Tarimia leei from Upper Ordovician of Xin 2 jiang Province , C hina that is 2 . 8 cm l ong , with an axis bearing approx im ately 30 whorls of spines. Bian et al ( u npublished ) propose that the specim en bel ongs to the Bryophyte . The hypothesis m ay be right , because Strotheret al 28 reported a new evidence for land plants from the l ower Middle Ordovician of Saudi Arabia , and other new evidence for land plants from the Middle C am brian of N orth Am erica 29 .Divisi on Phaeophycophyta Order Fucales FamilySargassaceaeEosargassum gen. nov.E tymology : A com binati on of geol ogic tim e and al 2 ga S argassu m .T ype sp ecies : Eosargassum sawata sp . nov. ( s pecim en no . G T M- 9- 1- 100 ; Fig. 2)Descrip tion : T hallus is c onsisted of leaves , para- stem and repr oductive branch. L eaves include tw o types of lea f and capped lea f , w ith crenulated m argin. H oldfast unknown.Discussion : This new tax on has not been previ ously illustrated. Its shape is very similar to the living S argas 2 sum kj ellmanianum Y endo , for the form er bears crenulated leaves and capped leaves and reproductive branches.Eosargassum sawata sp . nov.( F igs. 2 ,6), Pl . 58B . 1982 Acinocr icus stichus C onway Morris and R obison 4 Pl . 1 , Fig. 6 , text- Fig. 1 G.1988 Acinocr icus stichus C onway Morris and R obison 411 , Figs. 5 - 10 ., , Lectotyp e : Thallus , K UMIP 204353 , illustrated by C onway Morris and R obison , 1988 , 11 , Figs. 5 - 10 . se 2 lected here .M aterials : 8 specim ens with com plete thalli collect 2 ed by Y ang and Zhao from the K aili F orm ati on , and m any diss ociated filam ents and fragm ents.Occurrence : Middle C am brian T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina .K aili F orm ati on of Diagnosis : Thallus is consisted of l ong axis bearing prom inent spinose whorls at m ore or less regular intervals. E l ongate spines on each whorl separated by conspicuously shorter spines ; arrangem ent m ay be bilaterally symm etri 2 cal . Whorls m ay house short branches with cl osely spaced spines , probably in whorls. A broad axis bears approx i 2 m ately 10 whorls of spines. Neither end is clearly pre 2 served. Most specim ens are detached whorls of spines , but their original arrangem ent can be seen in specimens with multiple whorls. H oldfast and distal terminati on un 2 known.Descrip tion : This tax on has been previ ously illus 2 trated 4 . Most specim ens from the K aili bi ota are broken746 植物学报 Acta B o tanica Sinica 43 卷F ig. 2.C omparison b etw een fo ssil Eosargassum sawata and m od ern S a rgassum kjellmanianum Y end o .Occurrence : Middle C am brian K aili T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina .F orm ati on ofDescrip tion : Thallus preserved in shale is incom 2 plete one with only leaves , capped leaves and reproduc 2 tive branch ; capped leaf comm on 5 mm l ong , 2 mm wide ; leaf 9 mm l ong , 0 . 5 - 1 mm wide ; reproducti ve branch sm all .Discussion : The com parison between fossil Eosar 2 g assum saw a ta and m odern S argassum kj ellmanianum Y endo shows that the ev oluti onary level of algae is higher in C am brian , and the m orphol ogical characteristics of fos 2 sil thalli is near to the level of the m odern algae . Because the m acroalgal fossil shares with capped leaves and repro 2 ductive branch , Eosar g assum sawata probable bel ongs to Phaeophycophyta .Divisi on ? Phaeophycophyta C lass , order , family uncertainUdotealga gen. nov.E tymology : Ladin Udote , leaf- like , fan leaf .T ype sp ecies : Udotealga erecta sp . nov. ( speci 2 m en no . G T M- 1- 10- 336 ; Fig. 3)Descrip tion : Thallus probably consists of som e fan leaves , which crowd in the holdfast . Because of incom 2 plete preservati on , only a fan leaf and holdfast rem ain , but at least 3 fan leaves were torn by water current .Discussion : This new tax on has not been previ ously illustrated. Its m orphol ogy is very similar to m odern Udotea Lam ouroux , but the specim en is noncalcareous ,F ig. 3. Udo tealga erecta g en. nov. and sp . n ov. , explanatory draw ing of holotype ,G TM - 10- 336.Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii g en. nov. and sp . n ov. , ex 2 F ig. 4. planatory draw ing of holotype , G TM - 9- 2- 97.E tymology : G reek sawat , saw - s hape .H olotyp e : Incom plete thallus , G T M- 9- 1- 100 ; Fig. 2 , collected by Y ang and Zhao from the Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina . The specimen is pale- brown to dark- gray , noncalcareous m udshale . →F igs. 5 - 15. 5. Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii g en. nov. and sp . nov. , No .G TM - 9- 2- 97. ×4. 6. Eosargassum saw ata g en. nov. and s p .nov. , No . G TM - 9- 1- 100 , ×3. 7. Udotealga erecta g en. n ov. and sp . nov. , N o . G TM - 10- 336 , ×4. 8. Mar polia spissa , Walcott , N o . G TM - 9- 1- 444 , ×3. 9. Mar polia sp issa , Walc ott , No . G TM - 9- 1- 200 , ×3. 10. Acinocricus stichus C onw ay M orris and R obison , No . G TM - 9- 3- 1320 , ×3. 11. Marpolia spissa , W alcott , No . G TM - 8- 5- 1100 , ×3. 12. Acinocricus stichus C onw ay M orris and R obison , No . G TM - 9- 2- 320 , ×4. 13. Mar polia spissa , Walcott , No . G TM - 8- 5- 946 , ×3. 14. Mar polia sp issa , Walc ott , No . G TM - 8- 4- 117 , ×3. 15. Marpo 2 lia spissa , Walc ott , N o . G TM - 8- 5- 888 , ×3.748 植物学报 Acta B o tanica Sinica 43 卷possibly suggesting the nonevident bi omineraliz ati on later .U dotealga ere cta sp . nov.( F igs. 3 , 7)E tymology : Latin erecta , erect . covered the K aili bi ota .H olotyp e : Incom plete thallus , G T M- 9- 2- 97 ; Fig. 4 , collected by Y ang and Zhao from the Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina . The specimen is pale- brown to dark- gray , and noncal 2 careous.Occurrence : Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina .Descrip tion : Thallus preserved in shale , is a com 2 plete algal fossil , which is consisted of a big holdfast and intercrossed silk thread. Silk thread is 1 mm in diam eter . There are at least 20 nets , whose area of single tetragonal net is about 4 mm 2 .Discussion : The specim en Rhizophyton zhaoyuan 2 longii from the K aili F orm ati on is a com plete thallus pre 2 served. The m orphol ogical character of thallus is sim ilar to m odern Hydrodictyon R oth , therefore , it probably be 2 l ongs to C hl orophyta . But the fossil thread is not consisted of som e single cells as that of m odern Hydrodictyon R oth. Additi onally , the fossil algae bear a big holdfast that is absent for m odern Hydrodictyon R oth. Until now , no oth 2 er reports of algal fossil do suggest any useful inform ati on. H olotyp e : Incom plete thallus , Fig. 3 , collected by Y ang and Zhao G T M- 1- 10- 336 ; from the Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina . The specim en is pale- b rown to dark- g ray , noncal 2 careous.Occurrence : Middle C am brian K aili F orm ati on of T aijiang , G uizhou Province , C hina .Descrip tion : Thallus is preserved in shale , incom 2 plete , with only one fan leaf and holdfast . H oldfast large , 8 - 9 mm in width , 30 mm in length , with “rhiz oid ”, at least 3 fan leaves torn ( Figs. 3 , 7) . l ong , 9 mm wide , without stipe .A fan leaf 30 mm Discussion : The specimen Udotealga erecta from the K aili form ati on is rare , and only an incom plete thallus is found. Based on the m orphol ogy of thallus , it probably bel ongs to Phaeophycophyta . The m orphol ogical form of the algal fossil is similar to Flabelliphyton Y uan 17( Huizhouella Y an , Xing et Xu ) from Lantian F orm ati on of Upper Sinian of Anhui Province 14 , but Udotealga erecta is different from Flabelliphyton ( Huizhouella Y an , Xing et Xu ) com posed of num erous oblate cells , and from Cometiphyton Ding , from Duoshantou F orm ati on of Upper Sinian of Hubei Province 17. In additi on , the above- m enti oned algal fossils from Upper Sinian , only consisted of an single folium , while Udotealga ere cta is com posed of at least three folium s.Divisi on C hl orophycophyta C lass C hl orophyceae Order ? C ladophorales Family ? Cladophora Rhizophyton gen. nov.Ackno w le d gem ents : their sincere thanks to The authors w ould like to ex press Prof . CHE N Meng- E ( Institute of G eol ogy , the C hinese Academ y of Sciences , Beijing ) for review of the E nglish m anuscript and his help in the study , and t o Prof . YI N C hong- Y u ( Institute of G eol ogy , C hinese Academ y of G eol ogical Science , Beijing ) , Prof . YIN Lei -Ming , Y UAN Xun-Lai and C AO Rui -J i ( Insti 2 tute of G eol ogy and Paleontol ogy , the C hinese Academ y of Sciences , Nanjing ) , Prof . L I U Zhi-Li and Y AN G Xiang- Ning ( Nanjing University ) , Y AN Y u- Zhong ( Institute of Prof . ZHU Shi - Xing and G eol ogy and Mineral R e 2 source , T ianjin ) for their help in the study. reticu 2 E tymology : Ladin Rhizo , plant root- like , late .R eferences :T ype s p ecies : Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii , sp . Chen J- Y ( 陈均远) , Zh ou G- Q ( 周桂琴) , Z hu M - Y ( 朱茂炎) , Y e G - Y ( 叶贵玉) . The C heng jiang Fauna . Tai 2 wa n : Nature and S cience Museu m , 1996. 1 - 150. ( in Chinese w ith Eng lish abstract ) H ou X - G ( 侯先光) , Bergstr om J , Wang H - F ( 王海峰) , Feng X - H ( 冯向红 ) , Chen A-L ( 陈爱琳 ) . Th e Cheng jiang Fauna . K unming : Y unnan S cience and Technol 2 og y Press , 1999. 1 - 170. ( i n Chinese w ith Eng lish ab 2 stract )Zhao Y-L (赵元龙) , Y u an J-L ( 袁金良) , Hu ang Y - Z ( 黄友庄) , Mao J- R ( 毛家仁) . Midd le Cambrian K aili fauna in Taijiang , G u izhou. Acta P alaeontol Sin (古生物学报) , 1994 , 33 :263 - 271. (in C hinese w ith Eng lish abstract ) C onw ay M orris S , R o bison R A. Tax onom y and paleob iolog y of s ome Midd le Cambrian Scenella ( Cnid aria ) and1 ] nov. ( s pecim en no . G T M- 1- 10- 336 ; Fig. 4)Descrip tion : Thallus is consisted of som e silk threads , silk threads intertwin and form reticulates or nets. Single net is tetragonal . There are about 20 reticu 2 lates or nets in the specim en.Discussion : This new tax on has not been previ ously illustrated. The m orphol ogy is very sim ilar to m odern Rhizoclonium K utz ing , but the specim en is noncalcare 2 ous.Rhizophyton zhaoyuanlongii sp . nov.( F igs. 4 ,5)2 ]3 ] E tymology : Latin zhaoyuanlongii , indicating4 ] hearty congratulati on to Prof . Zhao Y uan-L ong who dis 2Hyolithids ( m ollusca ) from Western N orth America . K ansas P aleont C ontrib P ap er , 1988 , 122 :1 - 22.Zhao Y-L (赵元龙) , Y u an J-L (袁金良) , Zhu M - Y (朱茂炎) , Y ang R - D ( 杨瑞东) . A prog ress report on research on the early Midd le Cambrian K aili b iota , G u izhou , C hina .Acta P alaeontol Sin (古生物学报) , 1999 , 38 ( S u ppl . ) : 1- 10. (in C hinese w ith Eng lish abstract )Y uan J-L (袁金良) , Zhao Y-L ( 赵元龙) , Wang Z - Z ( 王宗哲) , Zhou Z (周震) , Chen X - Y (陈笑媛) . The b ound 2 ary of Low er and Midd le Cambrian and trilob ite fauna from Taijiang , G u izhou , China . Acta P ala eontol Sin (古生物学报) , 1997 , 36 : 494 - 524. ( in Chinese w ith Eng lish ab 2 stract )Sundb erg F A , Y u an J-L (袁金良) , McCollu m L B , Zhao Y -L ( 赵元龙) . C orrelation of the Low er- Middle C ambrian b ound ary of S ou th China and Western United S tates of America. Acta P ala eont Sin ( 古生物学报 ) , 1999 , 38 ( S u ppl . ) :102 - 107.Y ang R - D (杨瑞东) , Zhao Y -L (赵元龙) , G ou Q-J (郭庆军) , S hi G -J ( 施贵军) . Early - M idd le C ambrian Macroal 2g al fossils from Taijiang C ounty , G u izhou , C hina . G eol Rev Univ Press , 1998. 1 - 242.S chopf J M. The r ole o f b iogeog rap hic provinces in regu lat 2ing marine faunal d iversity throug h g eologic time . G ray J , Bo u cot A J . Historical Biog eog rap hy , Plate Tectonics , andthe C hanging Environment . C orvallis : Oreg on S tate Univer 2 sity Press , 1976. 449 - 457.Ding L- F ( 丁莲芳) , Li Y ( 李勇) , Hu X - S ( 胡夏嵩 ) , X iao Y - P (肖娅萍) , S u C - Q (苏春乾) , Hu ang J- C ( 黄建成) . S inian Miaohe Biota of C hina . Beijing : G eologicaPress H ouse , 1996. 62 - 95. ( in Chinese w ith Eng lish su mmary ) Y an Y - Z ( 阎玉忠 ) , Liu Z -L ( 刘志礼 ) . Tu anshanzian macroscopic alg ae of 1700 Ma B. P. fr om Chang cheng S ys 2 tem of Jixian , C hina . Acta P alaeont Sin ( 古生物学报) , 1997 , 36 :18 - 41. (in Chinese w ith Eng lish abstract )Y uan X -L (袁训来) , Li J (李军) , C ao R -J ( 曹瑞骥) . A d iver se metap hy te assemb lag e from the Neoproter oz oic b lack shales of S o u th C hina . Lethaia , 1999 , 32 :143 - 155.Walcott C D. C ambrian g eolog y and palaeontolog y. SmithMiscel C ollec , 1919 , 67 (5) : 217 - 260. Walcott C D. On the stru cture of a Midd le C ambrian alg aefrom British C olu mb ia ( Mar polia sp issa Walc ott ) . Pro c Cambridge P hilosoph Soc , Biol Sci (Biolog ical Reviews ) , 1923 , 1 :59 - 62.Johson J H. A review of the Cambrian alg ae . Colorad o S chool of Mines. Quarterly , 1966 , 61 :1 - 162. G unther L F , G unther V G . S ome Midd le Cambrian fossils of Utah. B r ingham Y oung Univ G eol Stud , 1981 , 28 : 1 - 82.Brig gs D E G , Erwin D H , C ollier F J . The fossils of Burg ess S hale . Washing ton : S mithsonian Ins titu tion Press , 1994. 1 - 238.S teiner M. Die Neoproter ozoic meg aalg en sudchinas.Berliner G eow iss Abh , 1994 , 15 :1 - 140.Liu Z -L ( 刘志礼) . In tradu ction of Alg ae F ossil . Beijing : Edu cation Press H ouse , 1990. 1 - 44. (in Chinese )Bu tterfield N J , K noll A H , S w ett K. Paleob iolog y of theNeoproter oz oic S vanb erg fjellet F ormation , S pitsb erg en. Fos 2 sils Strata , 1994 , 34 :1 - 84.S trother P K , Al- Hajri S , Traverse A. New evid ence forland plants from the low er Midd le Ord ovician o f S aud i Ara 2 b ia . G eology , 1996 , 24 (1) : 55 - 58.S trother P K. Midd le C ambrian Acritarchs from Nor th Amer 2ica . America Paleontolog ical Annu al Meeting , 1999. 382 - 383.16 ] 5 ] 17 ]6 ] 18 ]7 ] 19 ]8 ] 20 ] 21 ] ( 地质论评) , 1999 , 45 :228 - 290. lish abstract )(in C hinese w ith Eng 2 9 ] Y ang R- D ( 杨瑞东 ) , Zhao Y -L ( 赵元龙) . Discovery of C orallina fossil from the Midd le C ambrian of Taijiang C oun 2 ty , G u izhou Province , C hina . C hin Sci B u ll , 2000 , 45 : 544 - 547. (in C hinese )Y ang R- D (杨瑞东) , Mao J- R (毛家仁) , Zhao Y -L (赵元龙) . Branching Macroalg al F ossils of The Early - M iddle C ambrian K aili F ormation fr om Taijiang , G u izhou Province , C hina . Acta G eol Sin ( 地质学报) , 2001 , 75 : 121 - 135. (in C hinese w ith Eng lish abstract )S teiner M , Fatka O. Low er C ambrian tubular micro- tomacrofossils from the Paseky S hale of the Barrand ian area ( C zech R ep ub lic ) . Palaont Z , 1996 , 70 :275 - 299. K ord e K B. C ambrian Alg ae . M oskow : Pub lishing O ffice NAVK A , 1973. 139 - 349. (in Russian ) C onw ay M orris S. Bur g ess S hale faunas and C ambrian ex 2 plosion. Science , 1989 , 246 :339 - 346.C hen M - E (陈孟莪) , Lu G- Y ( 鲁刚毅) , X iao Z - Z ( 萧宗正) . Macroalg ae F ossils from the U pper S inian Lantian F or 2 mation in S ou th Anhu i Province , C hina . Bejing : G eolo g y Press H ouse , 1994. 252 - 267. ( in Chinese w ith Eng lish abstract ) C onw ay M orris S. The Cru cible of C reation , the Burg essShale and Rise of Animals. Ox ford : Ox ford University 22 ] 23 ]10 ] 24 ]11 ]25 ] 26 ] 12 ]27 ] 13 ]14 ] 28 ] 29 ] 15 ](责任编辑 : 崔金钟)。

JTAG-HS3编程线说明书

1300 Henley Court Pullman, WA 99163509.334.6306 JTAG-HS3™ Programming Cable for Xilinx ® FPGAsRevised March 13, 2019This manual applies to the JTAG-HS3 rev. AOverviewThe JTAG-HS3 programming cable is a high-speed programming/debugging solution for Xilinx FPGAs and SoCs. It is fully compatible will all Xilinx Tools, and can be seamlessly driven from iMPACT, ChipScope™, EDK, and Vivado™. The HS3 attaches to target boards using Xilinx’s 2x7, 2mm programming header.The PC powers the JTAG-HS3 through the USB port and will recognize it as a Digilent programming cable when connected, even if the cable is not attached to the target board. The HS3 has a separate Vref pin to supply the JTAG signal buffers. The high speed 24mA three-state buffers allow the HS3 to drive target boards with signal voltages from 1.8V to 5V and bus speeds up to 30MBit/sec (see Fig. 1). To function correctly, the HS3’s Vref pin must be tied to the same voltage supply (VCCO_0) that drives the JTAG port on the FPGA.The JTAG bus can be shared with other devices as the HS3 signals are held in high-impedance, except whenactively driven during programming. The HS3 uses a standard Type-A to Micro-USB cable that attaches to the end of the module opposite the system board connector. The HS3 is small and light, allowing it to be held firmly in place by the system board connector (see Fig. 2).The JTAG-HS3• Small, complete, all-in-one JTAGprogramming/debugging solution for Xilinx FPGAs and SoCs• Plugs directly into standard Xilinx JTAG header• Separate Vref drives JTAG signal voltages; Vref can beany voltage between 1.8V and 5V• High-Speed USB2 port that can drive JTAG bus up to30Mbit/sec (frequency adjustable by user)• Compatible with Xilinx ISE® 14.1 and newer, XilinxVivado 2013.3 and newer• Uses micro_AB USB2 connector• Open drain buffer on pin 14 allows debugging softwareto reset the processor core of Xilinx’s Zynq® platformFigure 2. Xilinx JTAG header. Dual row, 2mm, 14 pin.Figure 1. Diagram of signal voltages and connections. Features include: V I O: 5 V to 1 . 8 V USB 2 PortTMS TDI TDO TCK TMS TDI TDO TCKGND VREF GND VIO1 Software SupportThe JTAG-HS3 has been designed to work seamlessly with Xilinx’s ISE (iMPACT, ChipScope , EDK) and Vivado tool suites. The most recent versions of ISE and Vivado include all of the drivers, libraries, and plugins necessary tocommunicate with the JTAG-HS3. At the time of writing, the following Xilinx software included support for the HS3: Vivado 2014.1+, Vivado 2013.3+, and ISE 14.1+.The HS3 is also compatible with ISE 13.1 – 13.4. However, these versions of ISE do not include all of the libraries, drivers, and plugins necessary to communicate with the HS3. In order to use the JTAG-HS3 with these versions of ISE, version 2.5.2 or higher of the Digilent Plugin for Xilinx Tools package must be downloaded from the Digilent website, and the ISE13 plugin must be manually installed as described in the included documentation. The JTAG-HS3 is not compatible with Xilinx Vivado 2013.1 or Vivado 2013.2.In addition to working with the Xilinx Tools, the HS3 is also supported by Digilent’s Adept software and the Adept SDK (the SDK is available to download free from Digilent’s website). Adept includes a full -featured programmingenvironment and a set of public APIs that allow user applications to directly drive the JTAG chain. Using the Adept SDK, custom applications can be created to drive JTAG ports on virtually any device. Please see the Adept SDK reference manual for more information.2 Xilinx Zynq-7000 and SoC SupportThe Xilinx Tools occasionally require the processor core of the Zynq-7000 to be reset during debug operations. The Zynq platform processor has a pin dedicated for this purpose (PS_SRST_B). Driving the PS_SRST_B pin low causes the processor to reset while maintaining any existing break points and watch points. The JTAG-HS3 is capable of driving this pin low under the instruction of Xilinx’s SDK during debugging operations. In order for this t o work, pin 14 of Xilinx JTAG header on the target board must be connected to the PS_SRST_B pin of the Zynq (see Figs. 3 & 4).1357911132468101214GND GND GNDGND GND GND GND VREF TMS TCK TDOTDI ----SRST1357911132468101214GND GND GND GND GND GND GND VCCO_0TMS TCK TDOTDI ----PS_SRST_BThe JTAG-HS3 uses an open drain buffer to drive pin 14 of the Xilinx JTAG header (see Fig. 5). This allows the HS3 to drive the PS_SRST_B pin when VCC_MIO1 is referenced to a different voltage than VCCO_0 (see Fig. 6).Figure 3. JTAG-HS3 pinout (seen looking out of the connector). Figure 4. Xilinx System Board Header (seen looking into the connector).Output Pin(SRST)100Figure 5. JTAG-HS3 pin 14 output buffer.Should an accidental short occur between pin 14 and GND, the 100 ohm series resistor protects the buffer from being damaged. While this resistor protects the buffer from being damaged, it also limits the drive strength of the buffer. Therefore, it is necessary for the pull-up resistor (R PU) used to establish the voltage level on PS_SRST_B to be greater than or equal to 1.5K ohms. At the ti me of writing, Xilinx ZC702, Xilinx ZC706, and Avnet® MicroZed™ all feature 10K pull-ups on pin 14 of the their respective Xilinx JTAG headers. For compatibility with other evaluation platforms, please consult the manufacturer’s schematic.Figure 6. System board components.3 Supported Target DevicesThe JTAG-HS3 is capable of targeting the following Xilinx devices:•Xilinx FPGAs•Xilinx Zynq-7000•Xilinx CoolRunner™/CoolRunner-II CPLDs•Xilinx Platform Flash ISP configuration PROMs•Select third-party SPI PROMs•Select third-party BPI PROMsThe following devices cannot be targeted by the JTAG-HS3:•Xilinx 9500/9500XL CPLDs•Xilinx 1700 and 18V00 ISP configuration PROMs•Xilinx FPGA eFUSE programmingRemote device configuration is not supported for the JTAG-HS3 when used with Xilinx’s iMPACT software.Note: Please see the "Introduction to Indirect Programming – SPI or BPI Flash Memory" help topic in iMPACT for a list of supported FPGA/PROM combinations.Note: Please see the “Configuration Memory Support” section of Xilinx UG908 for a list of the FPGA/PROM combinations that Vivado supports.4 Design NotesThe JTAG-HS3 uses high speed three-state buffers to drive the TMS, TDI, and TCK signals. These buffers are capable of sourcing or sinking a maximum of 50 mA of current. The HS3 has 100 ohm resistors between the output of the buffers and the I/O pins to ensure the cable does not exceed the maximum limit. To further limit short circuit, additional current resistance may be placed in series with the I/O pins of the HS3 and the target board. However, Digilent recommends limiting the amount of additional resistance to 100 ohms or less as higher resistance may result in degraded operation.5 Programming Solutions Comparison ChartJTAG-USBJTAG-HS1 JTAG-HS2 JTAG-HS3 Max Speed 1.6 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz VoltageRange1.8V – 5V 1.8V – 5V 1.8V – 5V 1.8V – 5VXilinx Native SupportISE 13.2+Vivado 2014.2+ISE 13.2+Vivado 2012.1+ISE 13.2+Vivado 2012.1+ISE 14.1+Vivado 2013.3+Xilinx Plug-inSupportISE 12.1+ ISE 12.1+ ISE 12.1+ ISE 12.1+ DigilentAdeptSupportYES YES YES YESPC Interface USB USB USB USB ConnectorInterface6-pin 6-pin, 14-pin 6-pin, 14-pin 14-pin4-Wire JTAG YES YES YES YES2-Wire JTAG NO NO YES NOZynq-7000PS_SRSTSupportNO NO NO YESSPISupportYES YES YES NO6 Absolute Maximum RatingsSymbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit Vref I/O reference/supply voltage -0.5 6 V VIO Signal Voltage -0.5 6 VI IK,I OK TMS, TCK, TDI, TDODC Input/Output Diode CurrentVIO < -0.5V -50mAVIO > 6V +20I OUT DC Output Current ±50 mA T STG Storage Temperature -20 +120 ºCESD Human Body Model JESD22-A114 2000 V Charge Device Model JESD22-C101 500 V7 DC Operating CharacteristicsSymbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Vref I/O reference/supply voltage 1.65 1.8/2.5/3.3 5.5 VoltsTDO Input High Voltage (V IH) 1.4 5.5 Volts Input Low Voltage (V IL) 0 0.45 VoltsTMS, TCK, TDI Output High (V OH) 0.75 x Vref 0.90 x Vref Vref Volts Output Low (V OL) 0 0.05 x Vref 0.15 x Vref VoltsSRST Output Low (V OL)(R PU = 1.5K ohm)0 0.4 0.55 VoltsT A Operating Temperature 0 70 ºC8 AC Operating CharacteristicsThe JTAG-HS3 JTAG signals operate according to the timing diagram in Fig. 7. The HS3 supports TCK frequencies from 30 MHz to 8 KHz at integer divisions of 30 MHz from 1 to 3750. Common frequencies include 30 MHz, 15 MHz, 10 MHz, 7.5 MHz, and 6 MHz (see Table 4).TMS/TDITCKTDOSymbol Parameter Min MaxT CK T CK period 33ns 125µsT CKH, T CKL T CLK pulse width 16.6ns 62.5µsT CD T CLK to TMS, TDI 0 15nsT SU TDO Setup time 19nsT HD TDO Hold time 0Figure 7. Timing diagram. Table 4. JTAG-HS3 Frequency support.。

特征向量灵敏度计算的一种新方法

征向量灵敏度精确计算方法有模态叠加法和 N e l s o n 方法，但模态叠加法需要用到高阶振型，这对
于大型结构而言难以获得。N e l s o n 方法虽然不需要用到高阶振型，计算量较少，但对于各阶振型
合理可行的。
关键词：特征向量；灵敏度；模态叠加法；Nelson方法
中图分类号：032; T H 113.1 文献标识码：A
D O I : 10.11776/cjam.38.03.D 159
1 引言
特征值 (频率的平方 )和特征向量 (振型 )是结构振动模态分析中的重要参数。在结构的振动控制、优化设计和损伤识别中经常需要用到特征值灵敏度和特征向量灵敏度[〃]，其中特征值灵敏度的计算公式比较简单，容易计算获得，但特征向量灵敏度的计算公式则比较复杂。目前己有的特征向量灵敏度计算方法可以分为两大类：精确解法和近似解法。代表性的精确解法有模态叠加法[8_9]和 Nelson方法[10"11]。模态叠加法的缺点是，在计算中需要用到结构的高阶振型，这对于大型结构而言往往需要很大的计算量, 且有时候很难获得准确的高阶振型。N e l s o n 方法计算量较少，可以不需要用到高阶振型，但在操作步
第38卷第 3 期 2021年 2 月
应用力
学学报
CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS
文章编号： 1000- 4939(2021) 00-1239-06

模具方面的中英对照

contour ---- 外型銑削 pocket ----- 挖槽flow line 罩一曲面 multisurf 多重曲面 filter過濾ellipse -------- 橢圓 polar ------- 極座標arc endpoints 两點畫弧 polygon 多邊形 isometric ----- 等角視圖 zig zag ---- 雙向 one way ------ 單向 spline ------ 圓滑曲線 blend ------ 順接guide pin ------- 導針 ;邊針 ; 直邊 support pin -------- 拉杆 ;水口邊support pin colla 拉杆定位 ; 水口邊定位介子 tapped hold for eyebolt ----- 吊模螺孔 thermal expansion coefficient - 熱膨脹系數 welding rod ---------------------------熔接棒cavity plate; A bolster plate(holder material) -- 母模板（A 板）, 前模板stripper plate ----------- 活動板 , 推料板 core plate ------------ 公模板（B 板）,后模板 spacer block ---------間隔板 ejector retainer plate------ 上頂針板 ejector plate ---------- 下頂針板 pin point gate system----- 小水口系統 side gate system ------------------------------ 大水口系統infrared-transmitter ----- 紅外線發射器 infrared-receiver ------- 紅外線接受器 synthetic resin --------- 合成權脂 air blow gun(with nozzles&hose)------- 气槍spiral hose ----------------------------- 螺旋形的 ;盤旋的guide strip ---------------- 行位導軌 ejector rod --------------- 斜坊 set screw ------------- 固定螺絲 countersunk screw----- 沉頭螺絲hex screws ----------- - 胚頭螺絲shoulder screw ----------- 帶肩螺絲 residual stress ------------ 殘余應力 tensile ----------------------------------- 張力 electricity erode ----------- 電蝕刻 ohm meter ----------------------- 電阻表 tubular dowel ---------------- 管釘 ,銷釘 abrasive stone -------------- 研磨石材 SPI Mold Finish Comparison Kit --SPI模具拋光比照工具rolled ---------------------- 熱軋 forged --------------------- 熱鍛 extrude ---------------------- 擠壓 cold drawn ----------------------- 冷拉防腐塑料硬度n. 退火注塑壽命high viscosity 粘度較高的extension plug ------------------ 延伸尾塞 angle plug ------------------------ 斜角尾塞 thermocouple connector --- 熱電偶連結頭 hydraulic system---( 注塑機的 ) 油壓系統temperature control zone-- 溫控區barrel heating capacity ---- 料筒加熱能力 screw torque --------------------- 螺杆力矩 screw speed ------------------------ 螺杆速度 screw stroke --------------------- 螺杆行程 nozzle contact force -------------- 熱嘴接觸力 screw L/D ratio ------------ 螺杆長度 /直徑比例 theoretical shot volume --- 理論的注射容量 clamp force ---------------------- 合模力 lock force -------------------------------- 鎖模力 internal heated -------------- 內部加熱 external heated ------------- 外部加熱 heating rod ------------------------------ 加熱棒 air-gap insulation ------- 空气隔絕層 spare part(accesory) ------------------ 備用件 insulating ring ---------------------- 絕緣圈 sealing washer ------------------ 垃圾釘 adaptor ------------------- 適配器 hole gauge ------------------- 孔深量測儀 high-temperature grease ----- 高溫油脂 thermal conductivity paste ------ 導熱膏 data cable ------------------ 數據線compression mold base ------------- 壓縮模胚 countersunk --------------- 埋頭孔錐孔 ,沉孔 mill ----------------- 壓榨機 ;磨坊 ;碾磨 ; drill ----------------- 鑽頭 ;鑽床鑽孔 ;鑽通corrosive plasticstough -------------- anneal ------------- service life ---grind -------------------- 磨擦;磨碎;磨光turn ------------------- 轉動;旋轉;翻轉adapter plate --------------- 適配模板leader pin; shoulder leader pin 導針;帶肩導針（實心）angle pin（horn pin）---- 斜針;斜邊straight bushing ---------------- 直導套（空心）shoulder bushing -------------- 帶肩導套sprue puller pin ---------------- 唧咀扣針sprue spreader ----------------- 澆口分流錐runner spreader ---------------- 流道分流錐tapered interlocks（round & rectangular）啤把鎖bronze plated bushing ------------ 鍍銅導套guided ejection bushing 導向導套toggle-lock earlyejector return 切換式早期回撞裝置加速頂棍加速頂針可折疊式的型芯行位固定裝置------- 快速tapped hole --------------------- 螺絲孔no resettable shot counter 非复位注射計數器profiled ejector pin 底面在有傾斜截面的頂針copper ----------- 紅銅brass ---------- 黃銅bronze ----------- 青銅BeCu ------------ 鈹銅counterbore --------------------- 拔頭,介子托fan gate ---------------------- 扇形入口fillet ------------------ 圓形入口pin point gate ------------------- 細水口hose clip ------------------ 入喉箍jiggle -------------------- 斜頂British Standard Whitworth thread BSW -- 英制螺絲（粗牙）British Standard Fine Thread BSF 英制螺絲（幼牙）British Standard Pipe Thread （BSP）--英制喉牙National Pipe Threadpressure plug ----------pressure spring -ventalignment strip --------ball catch ---------------bridge piece--------------------------------------- 水口鐵Jiffy-matic connector --- 快速連接喉All ejector blades must have key to avoid rotating. 扁頂要管定,以防旋轉. ejector bearing length 彈弓壓縮長度reinforcement rib 加強筋steel pad 方鐵latch 拉杆sprue puller insert 扣針導套stage ejector=knock out 頂棍ejector retainer plate 上頂針板ejector base plate 下頂針板stripper plate 活動板runner stripper plate 脫料板P/L flash 分形面披鋒scrape 拖花burn 燒黑safety strap 碼板side gate system 大水口系統three plate type system 簡化型細水口系統pin point gate system 細水口系統guide pin/guide bush 直邊/托司top clamp plate 工字板stripper plate 推板spacer block 方鐵bottom clamp plate 底板shoulder guide pin 帶肩導針shoulder guide bush 托司straight guide bush直司/直導套guide pin 直邊screw thread 螺紋air pump 空气泵alloy 合金alloy steel 合金鋼fixed clamp plate;top clamping plate;top plate 定模座塊moving clamp plate;bottom clampingplate;bottom plate 動模座塊上模座塊upper clamping plate 下模座塊lower clamping plate 凹模固定板cavity-retainer plate 型芯固定板core-retainer plate 突模固定板punch-retainer plate 模套chase;bolster;frame 支承板backing plate;support plate 墊塊spacer;parallel 支架ejector housing,mould base leg 斜銷angle pin,finger cam 滑塊slide,cam slide 側芯型滑塊side core slide 滑塊導板side guide strip 楔緊塊,撐雞heel block,wedge bock 斜槽導板finger guide plate 彎銷dog-leg cam 斜滑塊angle-lift splits 導向零件導柱guide pillar;guide pin;leader pin 推板導柱ejector guideaccelerated knock-out accelerated ejector collapsible core -slide retainer ------------------jiffy latch-lock assemblies 拉杆鎖定裝置- 美制螺牙--- 喉塞------ 壓力彈簧疏气孔------- 斜鎖--- 彈弓波子pillar;ejector guide pin帶頭導套guide bush;guide bushing 推板導套ejector guide bush;ejector bushing 定位和限位零件錐形定位件mould bases locting elements 复位杆ejector plate return pin,push-back pin 限位塊stop block; stop pad 定距拉杆length bolt; puller bolt 定距拉板puller plate; limit plate 推出零件推流道板runner stripper plate 分流道拉料杆runner puller; runner lock pin 拉流杆;扣針sprue puller 鉤形拉料杆sprue puller, Z-shaped 球頭拉料杆sprue puller,ball-headed 圓錐頭拉料杆sprue puller,conical headed 連接推杆ejector tie rod 推板ejector plate;ejection plate 推杆固定板ejector retainer plate 推件環（盤） stripper ring（disk）推件板stripper plate推塊ejector pad推管（司筒, 導筒） ejector sleeve推杆ejector pin圓柱頭推杆ejector pin with cylindrical head帶肩推杆shouldered ejector pin 扁推杆flat ejector pin塑料成型模具的主要設計要素脫模距stripper distance 脫模斜度draft 投影面積projected area 最大開距maximum daylight;open daylight 閉合高度mould-shut height 抽芯距core-pulling distance 抽芯力core-pulling force 脫模力ejector force 開模力mould opening force 模內壓力internal mould pressure;cavity pressure 成型壓力moulding pressure 背壓環back-up ring 1 bar = 14.5psi 高壓接頭bite type fitting 液壓馬達hydraulic motor 冷卻水流量計waterflow regulator 打磨器材abrasive material 打磨砂輪grinding wheels 切割砂輪cutting wheels 碼模夾（注塑機使用） mould clamps; lifting clamps 小五金工具piping tools 高壓力軟管high pressure hose 風管,水軟管air .water hose 高壓油表pressure gauge 壓力油喉hydraulic hoses 光塑檢測photoelastic testing 吹塑模plastic blow mould 注塑模plastic injection mould 沖扎复合模blank & form compound die 精密沖模precision blanking die 熔料流動率MFR=melt flow rate 熔料流動指數MET=melt flow index 推板導柱guide pin for ejector plater 座板clamping plate 墊塊space block(plate) 推板ejector block(plate) afdek plate 檔塵板guide stripe 行位后板cavity sub-insert 前模鑲件core sub-insert 后模鑲件sprue puller insert 扣針鑲件stage ejector 頂棍spacer rock(risers) 間隔板變形distortion 彎曲warp 拖花drag marks 火花紋EDM marks 困氣venting 燒黑burns 表面縮水shrinkage 料位過薄/砸穿thin wall stock 走水不平行uneven fill pattern 夾水紋/流紋witness line;mismatch;stress marks 走水紋knit lines 走水不齊short shots orifice 料口nozzle seat 熱嘴墊圈nozzle plate 射嘴板cross pin 十字頭銷sled 射台seal ring 封密圈spacer rail 介子座heater groove 發熱管槽heater cement 發熱管的結合劑soak 浸泡seat 墊圈ream 鉸大圓孔直徑grind 磨床drill 鑽床mill 銑床caliper 卡尺G-caliper 分厘卡Depth Gauge 深厚計hardness tester 硬度計angle gauge 角規marble table 雲台石projector 投影儀height gauge 高度儀microscope 顯微鏡plug gauge 塞規leveller 水平器R gauge R 規Inter caliper 內分厘卡surface 平面儀item number 細目編碼catalog number 材料分類編碼undercut lip 倒扣口hot tip = hot drop = nozzle 熱嘴blow-off strip 放氣板blow-off nozzle 吹風口spiral hose 螺旋式的連接喉rust solvent 除鏽劑shaft 曲軸tensile strength 拉伸力yield strength 屈服力spark erosion 電火花蝕刻etch(photo-etch) 電蝕harden 淬硬copper electrode 銅公corrosion resistance 耐腐蝕anneal 退火heat treatment 淬火FEM(finite elemnet method) 有限元法preliminary tool design 初期模具設計圖zone 熱流道區域reverse taper 倒啤把clamp plate 碼板toggle clamp 快速夾vacuum furnace 真空爐cavity insert rounds 圓柱鑲件cavity insert b0locks 方柱鑲件tensile strength 抗張強度,抗拉強度Concept drawing 概念圖Assembly drawing 裝配圖mismatch;witness line 夾紋shut-off(n.) 枕位venting valves 疏氣閥venting plug 疏氣塞valve casing 閥門罩twist drill 旋鑽harden/nitride 碎硬anneal 退火temper 回火stess crack 應力斷裂corrosion resistance 防腐,防鏽tensile strength 物】抗張強度,抗拉強度split mould （分離）組合式的模具inclined plate 斜面inclined bolt 斜栓jaw （工具,機械等）夾住東西的部分, 鉗口step change of the P/L 分形面枕位的改變thin steel section 較薄的料位clean-up 清理,清除,清掃Mold Dating Insert 模具日志鑲件Hot Sprue Bushing 熱澆口套semi-automatic 半自動quick disconnector 快速斷開接頭full shot 足量注射mismatch 夾痕; 夾水紋ejector mark 頂痕screw boss 螺絲孔,螺絲基座sink mark 縮坑15% glass filled ABS 摻有15% 玻璃的ABS spraying mold release 脫模劑drag mark 拖痕stress mark 應力痕reinforcement rib 加強筋slght stoning 輕度磨砂soliid line 實線dotted line 虛線internal diameter 內徑external diameter 外徑nickel-plated 電鍍的handling hole;lifting hole 吊裝孔parallel 平行塊piston 活塞plunger 柱塞carrier 導軌rest 支架item number 項目編號catalog item 商品目錄編碼dimensional datum 尺寸基準heat treatment certification 淬硬証明文件back-up bushing 支撐導套jacking screw 起重螺絲,千斤頂tapped hole （帶有螺旋角度的）螺絲孔diagonal corner 成對角的角落burn mark 燒痕hot runner mainfold （熱流道板）分流板texuring 蝕紋clamping screw （注塑機）碼模螺絲imperial 英制的metric 公制的puller bushing 水口套puller bar 水口鐵drool bushing 防漏膠套筒safety switch 限位制water line connected internally or hard tubing 不可用膠喉連接運水lifter: on square rod or locked from rotation 用方形柱或用管釘防止斜頂轉動gate insert 入水鑲件gate shut-offs 流道開關配件guided ejection 中托司parting line shutoff 前后模接觸面waterlines clear tie bars. 運水喉咀接駁位要避開啤機呵林柱.BGV=Balanced Gate Value 平衡入水值spacer 墊塊pocket 挖槽rough 粗加工finish 精加工plunge rate 進刀率retract rate 提刀速率splindle rate 主軸轉速coolant 冷卻液SPLIT RING 開口環（鑰匙圈）側向抽芯力side pulling-core force convert.transfer 轉圖guide pin 邊針Tee slot cutter T 形SLOT CUTTER zigzag 雙向切削constant overlap spiral 等距環切parallel spiral 環繞切削parallel spiral clean corners環切並清角morph spiral 依外形環繞true spiral 螺旋切削one way 單向end mill 平銑刀spher mill 球刀bull mill 圓鼻刀face mill 面銑刀rad mill 圓角成型刀chamfer mill 倒角刀slot mill 槽刀taper mill 推拔銑刀dove mill 鳩尾銑刀lot mill 棒狀drill 鑽孔reamer 紋刀bore bar 搪刀tap RH 右牙刀Tap LH 左牙刀ctr Drill 中心鑽spot drill 點鑽cntr bore 沉頭孔刀c. sink 魚眼孔鑽loft surface 舉升曲面coons surface 昆氏曲面ruled surface 直紋曲面revolved surface 旋轉曲面swept surface 掃描曲面draft surface 牽引曲面grinding wheel 磨砂使用的輪子quench steel 將...淬火,使冷卻stress relieving 應力消除molten 熔熱的oxide film 氧化層guide pin and sleeve, locatingring ,ejector ,ejector balde, ejector sleeve,lifters, wear plate,horn pin,O ring, water baffle, water pipe plug,water line connector,wear plate ,air cylinder,hydraulic cylinder, micro switch,oil nipple, spring,sprue bushing,early return system, accelerated ejectors, slied holder,cycle counter,date stamper, hot runner syste 導邊,司筒,定位圈,頂針,扁頂針,頂針司筒,斜坊, 磨損板,氣頂針,O 形圈,隔片,運水管道塞,運水管道轉接頭,氯壓缸, 液壓缸,開關裝置,油槍接頭,彈弓,澆口套,早期回撞裝置,加速頂針,注塑周期計數器,滑塊固定板,生產日期銘牌,熱流道系統chemical composition 化學成份thermal conductiivity 導熱性能thermal diffusivity 熱擴散性能dimensonal stablity 尺寸穩定性能cooling effiency 冷卻效率easiler ejection 易于脫模alloy insert 合金鑲件（cooling） duct 輸送管;導管maintenance cost 維護費用ultrasonic testing 超聲波檢測crack 斷裂direct gate 直接澆口ring gate 環形澆口diskgate;disphragm gate 盤形澆口spokegate;spider gate 輪輻澆口pin-point gate 點澆口edge gate 側澆口submarine gate;tunnel gate 潛伏澆口fan gate 扇形澆口tab gate 護耳澆口runner plate 流道板（或冷或熱）secondary nozzle 二級噴嘴torpedo;torpedo body assembly 魚雷形組合體catridge heater 管式加熱器heat pipe 熱管valve gate 閥式澆口force plunger;pot plunger 柱塞flash groove;spew groove 溢料槽impression;cavity block;cavity plate 凹模punch;force 凸模movable insert;loose detail 活動鑲件cavity splits;core splits（凹模拼塊）（型芯拼塊）拼塊side core 側型芯thread plug;threaded core 螺紋型芯threadring;threaded cavity 螺紋型環cutting wheel 切割砂輪grinding wheel 打磨砂輪abrasive material 打磨器材mould clamps;lifting clamp砂模夾（注塑機使用）air (water) hose 風管,水輪管pressure gauge 高壓油表hydraulic hose 壓力油喉plastic blow mould 吹塑模plastic injection mould 注塑模blandk&form compound die 沖扎復合模precisiion blanking die 精密沖模MFR=melt flow rate 熔料流動率MFT=melt flow index 熔料流動指數handling hole 拉鈴孔stop plate 限位塊linder bush 襯套spacer block(plate) 墊塊,方鐵back-up ring 背位環standoff 限位塊American Safety Hoist Rings. 英制安全吊裝環Mechanical Properties 機械性能Tensile Strength(MPa) 抗拉強度elongation 延伸率hardness(Brinell) 硬度shear stength(MPa) 剪切力impact strength 沖ren 性Physical Properties 物理性能solidification shrinkage 凝固收縮率freezing range 凝固與熔范圍thermal expansion 熱膨脹系數specific heat 比熱thermal conductivity 熱導率electrical conductivity 電導率micro-structure 金相分析hot work tool steel 熱作鋼circular motion 環形運動variable 變數, 參數graphics window 圖形視窗45 degree entry and a zero degree exit. 進刀口45 度,退刀口0 度runner stripper plate 脫料板stripper plate 活動板spacerrock(risers) 間隔板stage ejector 頂棍sprue puller insert 扣針導套guide strip 行位后板afdek plate 擋塵板side gate 大水口pinpoint gate 細水口SHCS 杯頭螺絲FHCS 平頭螺絲set screw 無頭螺絲ball catch 波子螺絲wedge 行位較杯gib 線條,(撐雞的導軌) latch 拉杆clamp 碼仔spring guide pin 彈弓導柱steel pad disc 橙仔方ejector cam insert 斜頂塊(screw) nut 螺母taper 嗲把/ 斜度taper interlock 嗲把鎖texture 花紋toggle-lok 回撞裝置top clamping plate 頂碼板unified national coarse (UNC) 美制螺絲(粗牙) unified national fine (UNF) 美制螺絲(幼牙) set screw 噴頭螺絲side gate 大水口slide retainer 行位管位water junction 喉咀spacer block 登仔jiffy-matic socket 喉咀套jiffy-tite plug 喉咀公spring plunger 彈弓座sprue puller 勾針/ 勾粒spring washer 彈簧塑圈stepped ejector pin 有托頂針strippers plate推板/細水口板submarine gate 潛水口support pin 拉杆support plate 暗板surface finish 光潔度alignment strip 斜鎖angle pin 斜針fan gate 扇形入水fillet 圓口ball catch 彈弓波子blade ejector 扁頂bottom clamping plate 底碼板free length 自然長度bridge piece 水口鐵helix spindle 鍋杆hose clip 水喉箍bubbler 隔氣運水jiggle 斜頂jiggle witness line 斜頂片位置center distance (CRS) 山打距離(中心線距離) clamp 碼仔contour 外形leader pin 導針locationring(flange) 法蘭counterbore 拔頭, 介子托mock-up;prototype 手辦die cast 合金壓鑄national pipe thread(NPT) 美制喉牙overflow 垃圾位ejection sleeve 司筒,頂套epoxy 膠樣pin point gate 細水口pressure plug 喉塞pressure spring 壓力彈簧parting line flash 披鋒burned 燒黑underfilled 缺料insert mismatch 鑲件夾口ejector pins not flush 頂針有高低ejector pins skid 頂針滑動insert flash 鑲件披鋒pressure transducer 壓力探測頭hydraulic schematic 油積筒油路接駁圖jiffy connector recessed 安裝喉嘴后不可突出模胚knock out pullback stud -flush with clamp plate 頂棍鑲件與底板有否空間safety switches 限位制stop block 限位塊safety strap 安全帶drool bushing 防漏膠套筒insert mismatch 鑲件夾口EDM visible 明顯火花紋lifter scrapes 斜頂拖花short shots 走水不齊wall stock 料位厚薄knit lines 走水紋stress marks 夾水紋uneven fill pattern 走水不平行drag marks 拖花sprue pretrusion 唧嘴突出高度sprue orifice and radil size 唧嘴R 尺寸sprue bushing-keyed 唧嘴有管釘English Chinese program name 產口名稱part name 零件名稱tool name 模具名稱tool source 模具來源tool steel 模具鋼材resin 塑料program number 產品編號part number 零件編號tool number 模具編號customer 客戶名稱No of cavities 內模編號machine size 啤機噸數drum miller 鼓形銑床duplex horizontal miller 復式臥銑床face miller 端面銑床grinding miller 研磨機plain miller 平面銑床planer-type miller 刨式銑床rack miller 齒條銑床slab miller 大型平面銑床slot miller 鍵槽銑刀spline miller 花鍵銑刀thread miller 螺紋銑刀vertical miller 立式銑刀,立輥,立輥軋機endmill 立銑刀plastic mould steel 塑膠模鋼cold work steel 冷作鋼hot work steel 熱作鋼high speed steel 高速鋼electric magnetic clutch 電磁離合器pad printer 移印機screen printer 絲印機hot stamper 燙印機solid carbide slitting saw 鑽石鋼鋸片convex cutter 凸鑼刀片concave cutter 凹鑼刀片side&face cutters,staggered teeth 正側雙用鑲鑽石鋼鑼刀end-mill 鑼刀semi-rod 半圓刀split double end 雙頭刀single end 單頭刀2- flute 兩辨3- flute 三辨4- flute 四辨reamer 直拈centre drill 中心鑽solid carbide drill 鑽咀zinc ingot 鋅錠aluminium ignot 鋁錠tin ignot 錫錠heater cement 發熱管的結合劑heater groove 發熱管槽spacer rail 介子座cross pin 十字頭銷nozzle plate 射嘴板nozzle seat 熱嘴addendum 齒冠dedendum 齒根air compressor 空氣壓縮機air exhauster 抽氣機air intake 進氣口air seal 空氣隔離層。

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