江西2014年高3第16单元第14节课—期末复习资料(人教版.)

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高中物理第14章章末复习课学案新人教版选修34

高中物理第14章章末复习课学案新人教版选修34章末复习课[体系构建]电磁波—[核心速填]一、电磁波的发现1．麦克斯韦的电磁场理论(1)变化的电场产生磁场；(2)变化的磁场产生电场．2．电磁波 (1)预言电磁波的存在． (2)电磁场：变化的电场和变化的磁场不可分割． (3)电磁波：电磁场由近及远向外传播．(4)赫兹实验：①电磁波的传播速度等于光速；②电磁波的干涉、衍射、偏振等．二、电磁振荡1．LC 电磁振荡产生了周期性变化的高频电流．2．振荡过程中各物理量的变化规律．3．LC 振荡电路的周期公式：T ＝2πLC ，频率公式f ＝12πLC . 4．实际的LC 振荡是阻尼振荡．三、电磁波的发射和接收1．发射①采用高频率和开放电路②调制：分为调幅和调频，将信息加在高频振荡电流上．2．接收：调谐和解调(检波)．四、电磁波谱1．定义：按电磁波的波长或频率大小的顺序排列成谱．2．谱线：无线电波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、X 射线、γ射线．3．电磁波的特点与应用(1)应用：广播电视、雷达、移动通讯、因特网、电磁波谱．(2)特点：横波、真空中传播等于光速，λ＝cf.电磁振荡过程分析1E 、电场能E E 的变化规律与Q 的变化规律相同；振荡电流i 决定了磁场能的大小，线圈中的磁感应强度B 、磁通量Φ、磁场能E B 的变化规律与i 的变化规律相同．2．两个过程：放电过程电荷量Q 减小，振荡电流i 增加；充电过程电荷量Q 增加，振荡电流i 减小．3．两个瞬间：放电完毕瞬间Q ＝0，i 最大；充电完毕瞬间i ＝0，Q 最大．【例1】如图所示，i t 图象表示LC 振荡电流随时间变化的图象，在t ＝0时刻，电路中电容器的M板带正电，在某段时间里，电路的磁场能在减少，而M板仍带正电，则这段时间对应图象中________段．[解析]由电流图象可得，在t＝0时刻是电容器开始放电，电路中电容器的M板带正电，故电流方向逆时针为正方向；某段时间里，电路的磁场能在减少，说明电路中的电流在减小，是电容器的充电过程，此时M板带正电，说明此时电流方向顺时针方向为负，符合电流减小且为负值的只有cd段．[答案]cd[一语通关]LC振荡电路充、放电过程的判断方法1．根据电流流向判断：当电流流向带正电的极板时，电容器的电荷量增加，磁场能向电场能转化，处于充电过程；反之，当电流流出带正电的极板时，电荷量减少，电场能向磁场能转化，处于放电过程．2．根据物理量的变化趋势判断：当电容器的带电量q(电压U、场强E)增大或电流i(磁场B)减小时，处于充电过程；反之，处于放电过程．3．根据能量判断：电场能增加时充电，磁场能增加时放电．1．已知LC振荡电路中电容器极板1上的电荷量随时间变化的曲线如图所示．则( )A．a、c两时刻电路中电流最大，方向相同B．a、c两时刻电容器里的电场能最大C．b、d两时刻电路中电流最大，方向相同D．b、d两时刻电路中电流最大，方向相反E．b、d两时刻磁场能最大BDE[a、c两时刻电容器极板上电荷量最大，电场能最大，所以电路中电流最小；b、d 两时刻电容器极板上电荷量最小，电路中电流最大，磁场能量最大，b、d两点时间间隔为半个周期，故电流方向相反．]电磁波的特点和应用1无线电波、红外线、可见光、紫外线、伦琴射线(X射线)、γ射线等合起来，构成了范围非常广阔的电磁波谱．2．各种不同的电磁波既有共性，又有个性(1)共性：它们在本质上都是电磁波，它们的行为服从相同的规律，都遵守公式v＝fλ，它们在真空中的传播速度都是c＝3.0×108 m/s，它们的传播都不需要介质，各波段之间并没有绝对的区别．(2)个性：不同电磁波的频率或波长不同，表现出不同的特性．波长越长越容易产生干涉、衍射现象，波长越短观察干涉、衍射现象越困难．正是这些不同的特性决定了它们不同的用途．3．电磁波和机械波在波动性上有相同点，都遵守v＝fλ，但本质不同，机械波不能在真空中传播，而电磁波的传播不需要介质．【例2】声呐能发射超声波，雷达能发射电磁波，超声波和电磁波相比较，下列说法正确的是( )A．超声波与电磁波传播时，都向外传递了能量B．电磁波既可以在真空中传播，又可以在介质中传播，超声波只能在介质中传播C．在空气中传播的速度与在其他介质中传播速度相比，均是在空气中传播时具有较大的传播速度D．超声波是纵波，电磁波是横波E．超声波与电磁波相遇时可能会发生干涉ABD[超声波与电磁波传播时，都向外传递了能量、信息，A正确；声呐发出的超声波是机械波，不可以在真空中传播，B对；机械波在空气中传播时速度较小，在其他介质中传播时速度大，而电磁波恰好相反，C错；声波是纵波，电磁波是横波，D正确；超声波和电磁波不是同一类波，不可能发生干涉，E错．]2．关于电磁波谱，下列说法正确的是( )A．电磁波中最容易表现出干涉、衍射现象的是无线电波B．紫外线的频率比可见光低，长时间照射可以促进钙的吸收，改善身体健康C．X射线和γ射线的波长比较短，穿透力比较强D．红外线的显著作用是热作用，温度较低的物体不能辐射红外线E．所有物体都发射红外线ACE [无线电波的波长长，易发生衍射现象，A 正确；紫外线的频率比可见光高，B 错；任何物体都能辐射红外线，D 错，选项C 、E 正确．]雷达的原理和应用1．利用雷达测定物体的距离：解决这类问题的关键是区分发射脉冲波形和反射脉冲波形，找出从发射电磁波和接收到回来的电磁波的时间差，再利用s ＝12vt ，求出物体的距离． 2．利用雷达测定物体的速度：这类问题往往要有两个(或两个以上)的发射脉冲与反射脉冲，可以确定一段时间前后物体的两个位置或一段时间的位移，从而测出物体的速度．3．利用雷达确定物体的位置：雷达有一个可以转动的天线，它能向一定方向发射无线电(微波)脉冲，雷达可根据发射无线电波的方向和仰角，再参考所测得物体的距离，从而确定某一时刻物体的位置．实际上，这一切数据都由电子电路自动计算并在荧光屏上显示出来．【例3】某一战斗机正以一定的速度朝雷达的正上方水平匀速飞行，已知雷达发射相邻两次电磁波之间的时间间隔为5×10－4s ，某时刻在雷达荧光屏上显示的波形如图甲所示，t ＝173 s 后雷达向正上方发射和接收的波形如图乙所示，雷达荧光屏上相邻刻线间表示的时间间隔为10－4 s ，电磁波的传播速度为c ＝3×108 m/s ，则该战斗机的飞行速度大约为多少？甲乙[解析] 由题意知荧光屏相邻刻线间的时间间隔t 0＝10－4s ，甲图发射波和接收波的时间间隔t 1＝4×10－4 s ，乙图时间间隔t 2＝1×10－4s ，所以，第一次战斗机距雷达的距离为s 1＝c ×t 12＝6.0×104 m ，第二次战斗机在雷达正上方．所以，战斗机的高度h ＝c ×t 22＝1.5×104 m ，故173 s 内战斗机飞行的水平距离为s ＝s 21－h 2＝5.8×104 m ．所以v ＝s t≈335 m/s.[答案] 335 m/s3．目前雷达发射的电磁波频率多在200 MHz 至1 000 MHz 的范围内．请回答下列关于雷达和电磁波的有关问题．(1)雷达发射电磁波的波长范围是多少？(2)能否根据雷达发出的电磁波确定雷达和目标间的距离？[解析] (1)由c ＝λf 可得：λ1＝cf1＝3.0×108200×106m＝1.5 m，λ2＝cf2＝3.0×1081 000×106m＝0.3 m.故雷达发出的电磁波的波长范围是0.3～1.5 m.(2)电磁波测距的原理就是通过发射和接收电磁波的时间间隔来确定距离，所以可根据x＝vt2确定雷达和目标间的距离．[答案](1)0.3～1.5 m (2)能。

新人教版必修3高中语文第14课一名物理学家的教育历程精练精析(精品同步练习)

第14课*一名物理学家的教育历程【学业达标评价】一、阅读下面文段，完成1～4题。

1.在第二段中说“在那静静的时刻，我充满了无限的遐想”。

其中“我”遐想的主要内容是什么？第二段在节选的这部分中起什么作用？答：__________________________________________________答案：“我”遐想的主要内容是：水池中的鲤鱼怎样观察它们周围的世界。

第二段在节选的这部分中起总领作用。

2.作者设想的那个被抓出水池的鲤鱼“科学家”看到了怎样的“我们”？答：__________________________________________________答案：鲤鱼“科学家”看到我们这种生物一点儿也不像鱼，没有鳍，但还是能够运动。

3.请你总结一下，作者设想的鲤鱼“科学家”是怎样认识鱼池以外的世界的？答：______________________________________________答案：（1）鲤鱼“科学家”对那些提出在睡莲之外还存在有另外一个平行世界的鱼冷嘲热讽。

（2）它们认为雨对睡莲的冲刷是一种看不见的神秘力在起作用。

（3）被抓出水池后认识到熟悉的自然规律不再适合于自己的世界。

4.由鲤鱼对人类世界认识的无知，你受到什么启示？答：________________________________________________答案：由鱼认识外部世界的局限性，可以推知我们人类对宇宙认识的局限性，我们人类对平行宇宙或多维空间的学习与研究，还有很长的路要走。

二、阅读下面文段，完成5～8题。

5.选文第二段中说“这种记忆到现在仍然温暖如春”，“这种记忆”是指什么？为什么会“温暖如春”？答：________________________________________________答案：“这种记忆”是指“我花了好多时间静静阅读我能够找到的关于这个伟人和他的理论的每一本书”。

说它“温暖如春”，是因为作者一开始便被爱因斯坦的故事迷住了，阅读他的书，是为了寻找答案，童年的作者对科学充满了强烈的好奇心和浓厚的兴趣，并享受到了求知带来的无穷乐趣。

2014年江西省三校生对口升学考试高职对口高考语文

2014年江西省“三校生”对口高考语文试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共45分）本卷共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

一、（24分，每小题3分）1、下列各组词语中，加点的字读音有误的一项是（）A.狭隘（ài）凋（diāo）谢伺（cì）候含情脉脉（mò）B.绚（xuàn）烂泯（mǐn）灭弥（mí）补梦寐（mèi）以求C.袅娜（nuó）雅舍（shě）胡同（tóng）引吭（háng）高歌D.凄怆（chuàng）玷（diàn）辱参差（cī）弦（xián）外之音2、下列各组词语中，有错别字的一组是（）A.书藉敲诈点缀清重缓急B.紫藤渺茫烦躁恍然大悟C.鸳鸯平旷风骚淅淅沥沥D.皎洁废墟渺小姿态翩然3、依次填入下面句子横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是（）①我上面说它平平常常，这话有点语病，它是颇为不平常的。

②秋天，枫叶变红，与苍松翠柏，相映成趣，凄清中又浓烈。

③若说地点，则月明之夕，或风雨之日，亦常有客到。

A.确实包含荒凉B.确实饱含凄凉C.其实饱含荒凉D.其实包含凄凉4、下列句子中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）A.胡同是贯通大街的网络，这里没有车水马龙，总是安安静静的。

B.大型海藻不管怎样令人注目，在海洋植物界都是微不足道的。

C.就这一眼，满园子里便鸦雀无声，比皇帝出来还要静悄得多呢。

D.大家认为王刚同学的发言的确是抛砖引玉，具有独到的见解。

5、下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）A.邮电部门做出了不用标准信封和不按标准书写就不予投递。

B.月光如流水一般，静静的泻在这一片叶子和花上。

C.看到交警同志在风雪中坚持指挥着过往车辆，使我很受教育。

D.人的骨骼既结实又轻便，仅占体重至少18%以上。

6、下列各句中，标点符号使用有误的一项是（）A.今天的海洋，除了鱼类外，也有一些高等动物在那里生活着，如海龟，海蛇，鲸，海豹等动物。

高三英语 Unit14 Integrating skills课课练大纲人教版第三册

Unit 14 Zoology课堂检测三Integrating skills训练要点能运用本单元所学词汇提高汉译英能力、改错能力、阅读能力及写作能力。

知能训练Ⅰ.汉译英1.即使明天下雨，我们也去那里。

〔even if〕答案:We will go there even if it rains tomorrow.2.这本书比那本书更有用。

〔even+比拟级〕答案:This book is even more useful than that one.3.他们发现喂食的地点越远，舞越慢。

答案:They discovered that the farther away the feeding pla ce was， the slower the dance was.4.跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线跑，腹部左右摆动。

答案:The dancer ran in a straight line,wagging from side to side.5.它一遍又一遍地不断重复着这些“舞步〞。

答案:It kept repe ating the “steps〞 over and over.Ⅱ.用适当的介词、副词填空6.Next week the wall will be painted ________ brilliant colours.7.What is the distinction _________ ducks and geese?8.I asked your sister to communicate my wishes _______ you.9.We left our bags in the station and made straight ________ the shipyard.10.I don’t think the old man will live _________ the night.11.The teacher could not tell the twins_________ .12.They feasted us ________ duck and green peas.13.I want to save you _________making the mistake that I have made.14.The shed will protect us ________ the rain.15.Black clouds warned us __________ the approaching.答案:6.in 7.between 8.to 9.for 10.through 11.apart 12.on 13.from 14.from 15.ofⅢ.阅读理解阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项。

2014年3月公共英语三级真题及答案解析

2014年3月公共英语三级真题及答案解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第1题What does the man want to do?A.Attend a private party.B.Celebrate his birthday.C.Cancel his reservation.D.Reserve a dinner table.第2题Whom are the speakers expecting to come soon?A.A postman.B.A salesman.C.A repairman.D.A policeman.第3题How does the woman feel at the man´ s words?A.She is excited.B.She is worried.C.She is satisfied.D.She is surprised.第4题What will the woman do?A.Go to bed for a rest.B.Take some medicine.C.Stay in with the man.D.Eat out with the man.第5题What do the speakers think of products manufactured nowadays?A.They are too expensive.B.They are difficult to use.C.They are of poor quality.D.They are out of fashion.下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第6题What do we learn about the man from the dialogue?A.He doesn´ t need a car.B.He´ s just got a good deal.C.He´ s just bought a new car.D.He doesn´ t have enough money.第7题What does the man think of Frank?A.He is dependable.B.He is weak-minded.C.He is a tough person.D.He is a flexible person.第8题What is the woman doing according to the dialogue?A.Arranging a seaside trip for old people.B.Expressing her thanks to the trip organizer.plaining about yesterday´ s seaside trip.D.Asking the trip organizer to improve his work.第9题What do we learn about the man last night?A.He couldn´ t get out of his room.B.He left his key with his roommate.C.He couldn´t find the key to his room.D.He helped his neighbor break the lock.第10题What does the woman suggest the man do?A.Clean his glasses after painting.B.Take off his glasses before painting.C.Press the plastic wrap on the ceiling.D.Cover his glasses with the plastic wrap.上一题下一题(11~13/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第11题Where did the man get the money for his company?A.From a bank.B.From his father.C.From his friends.D.From his employees.第12题What mistake does the man say his company made?A.It charged no licensing fee.B.It neglected product design.C.It ignored negotiating skills.D.It did all the manufacturing itself.第13题What does the man think of large companies?A.They are tough to work with.B.They welcome creative ideas.C.They recycle lots of garbage.D.They are good at manufacturing.上一题下一题(14~17/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第14题What was the man´ s major as an undergraduate?A.English.B.Physics.C.Fashion design.D.International trade.第15题What does the man think of his job in Magna Design?A.Interesting.B.Impressive.C.Demanding.petitive.第16题What does the man expect from a new job?A.A quicker promotion.B.Greater success.C.More responsibilities.D.More challenges.第17题What job is the man applying for?A.Art designer.B.Assistant manager.C.German translator.D.Marketing director.上一题下一题(18~21/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第18题What did Edward want the man to do?A.To lend him his class notes.B.To help him go over the last class.C.To ask leave for him next Monday.D.To copy the class handouts for him.第19题Why is the man so upset?A.He has trouble with his chemistry.B.He has trouble with his classmates.C.He had to miss his chemistry class.D.He had to reject his friend´ s request.第20题Why was Edward absent from his chemistry class?A.He went to a concert.B.He went to see a friend.C.He went to see a doctor.D.He went to a funny show.第21题What do we learn about the man?A.He´ s a man of humor.B.He´ s a man of ambition.C.He´ s a man of principle.D.He´ s a man of sympathy.上一题下一题(22~25/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第22题What does Smith say about coffee?A.It should be sold in cans.B.It should be drunk slowly.C.It should be long stored for better taste.D.It should be enjoyed together with wine.第23题What is the price of a coffee vacation per person in Italy?A.$100B.$1,800C.1895D.1988第24题How many days does the tour in Peru last?A.2B.7C.9D.12第25题What can vacationers do in Hawaii?A.Go on a coffee-farm driving tour.B.Visit female-owned coffee farms.C.See several different coffee houses.D.Explore the living history of coffee.上一题下一题(26~45/共20题)Directions:Read the following text from which 10 words have been removed. Choose from the words A～O the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text (46-55). There are FIVE extra words that you do not need to use.In the United States today, families basically have two contrasting attitudes toward television. Many families__26__the television to be on at any time of the day or night. Very often, __27__of these families watch television__28__or don´ t interact with other family members__29__they are watching. The TV is used to make__30__kind of background noise in the house, __31__as a kind of electronic babysitter. Parents often turn it on to__32__"bored" children. In contrast, other families__33__control when the television will be watched and what programs can be watched. __34__these families watch programs together and discuss them together. In these homes, the TV is rarely on__35__nobody is watching it. Parents don´t use it as an electronic babysitter; __36__, they insist that children read or play __37__rather than sit in front of a screen.__38__the contrasting attitudes toward television__39__, families in America are choosing television__40__other passive activities, such as watching movies, playing video games, and surfing the Web__41__regularity that has never happened before. These activities are__42__in their inactivity. Family members—young and old—watch rather than __43__. These passive forms of entertainment__44__, rather than encourage, family __45__and community involvement.第26题A.allowB.enableC.causeD.require第27题A.parentsB.membersC.seniorsD.children第28题A.singlyB.looselyC.flexiblyD.directly第29题A.whichB.whileC.whereasD.wherever第30题A.littleB.suchC.someD.this第31题A.orB.andC.thusD.so第32题A.enlightenB.entertainC.moveD.manage第33题A.effectivelyB.strictlyC.unwillinglyD.widely第34题A.NeverB.HardlyC.SeldomD.Often第35题A.ifB.even ifC.soD.so that第36题A.howeverB.insteadC.moreoverD.therefore第37题A.separatelyB.quietlyC.creativelyD.actively第38题A.Because ofB.In place ofC.In spite ofD.Speaking of 第39题A.viewingcatingC.broadcastingD.programming 第40题A.amongB.despiteC.andD.as第41题A.withB.byC.forD.over第42题ualC.sameD.similar第43题A.sleepB.sitC.eatD.do第44题A.weakenB.endC.avoidD.worry第45题A.buildingB.interactionC.planningD.reunion上一题下一题(46~50/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Nisaburo and Hiroko Ohata are unlike most Japanese couples their age. Sure, Hiroko, 58, is worried about her husband´ s high blood pressure, while Nisaburo, 60, promises his wife that if she loses 18 pounds they´ 11 take a trip abroad. What makes the Ohatas different is how they met, through a matchmaking organization for single seniors. "On the second date, he asked if I wanted to meet his family," says Hiroko. "I took that as a proposal. " A little rushed, perhaps, but 17 years after his wife´s death, Nisaburo knew he´d found a new wife. The couple just celebrated four years of marital happiness last month.In the past, people like Nisaburo and Hiroko might have chosen to live out their lives alone. But as Japan´ s society ages, attitudes about love and remarriage late in life are changing. In 2006, according to government data, three times more men and nearly five times more women in their 60s and 70s married for at least the second time, compared with 20 years before.Granted, change is slow. For this silver-haired population, the concept of "dating" is still masked by the term ocha nomi tomodachi(friends having tea together). And older people often need help meeting prospective mates. That´ s where specialized matchmaking services such as Ai Senior—"Love Senior" —come in. When Shunichi Ikeda started the online service three years ago, he was surprised by how many visits he was getting from people in their 60s.Ikeda says that his clients have an "American perspective" about the dating scene. And their children are often very supportive, sometimes being the ones to register parents. "More older people are realizing that life is supposed to be enjoyable—not lonely," says Ikeda. About 17% of the matchmaking clients in Japan are over 50 years old, according to Ai Senior, and seniors´market share has more than doubled over the past three years." For older, single men, even doing laundry or cooking is difficult," says Ikeda. " They want to live with a woman. Likewise, it can be boring for women living alone. They want to provide for第46题According to the writer, the Ohatas are different from most senior Japanese couples in thatA.they remarried with the help of an agencyB.they decided to marry on the second dateC.the husband suffers from a health problemD.the wife is concerned about losing weight第47题As is implied in the text, Nisaburo´ s proposal on the second date might be consideredA.typical of single seniorsB.irresponsible to his familyC.a surprise to the womanD.a decision made in haste第48题In Japan, the change in attitudes about remarriage results from an increase in______.A.its populationB.single womenC.senior peopleD.the divorced第49题According to Ai Senior, the matchmaking clients in Japan______.A.admire the American lifestyleB.are mostly under 50 years of ageC.share a vague term for "dating"D.doubled over the past three years第50题According to Ikeda, more single seniors remarry in order to______.A.live a longer lifeB.solve financial problemsC.make their life enjoyableD.support their children together上一题下一题(51~55/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. When you become a parent, much of your focus shifts from your own future to your kids´ future. But one of the most effective ways to help your children learn to dream big is to ensure that your own dreams don´t get pushed aside by everyday demands.Our everyday experiences provide learning opportunities. When you tap into them, you create a lifelong learning habit that will always keep you growing. Even your most disappointing experiences can be turned into breakthroughs.Every dream begins in the imagination. Take a few minutes to sit down with a notebook and think about where you would like to be in 20 years. Write down details about all aspects of your ideal life. Feel free to imagine. Don´t worry about whether you know how to get there now—you have 20 years to figure that out. You can also start by picking a year in the future and making acollection of things you´ d like in your life by then. Check in on it from time to time to see where you´ ve made progress.We´ re often encouraged to work on our weaknesses, but working on your strengths is easier and creates better results. For help of identifying them, ask some friends, or colleagues to write down what they most appreciate about you. They´ll enjoy doing this, and you´ 11 feel great when you read the responses. Once you know your strengths, you can put them to work to help you achieve your dreams.Confidence is the foundation for all your other abilities. "Progress, not perfection" is a great saying to keep your confidence high. Every night, write down five achievements that happened that day. Big or small, it doesn´ t matter. If proper, add ideas for further progress arid actions you can take to get started.Find ways to add what you love to do to your life now. This will give you more energy and keep you connected with your bigger dreams. Making a list of old hobbies is a great way to restore your old passions. Things you´re enthusiastic about come with their own store of energy. Connecting with them can give you a push when you most need it.第51题In order to help your children to dream big you must______.A.fulfill everyday tasksB.build your own careerC.keep your own dreamsD.make them look ahead第52题The writer suggests that, to begin your big dream, you should______.A.stretch your imaginationB.have a best-laid plan for 20 yearsC.recollect all your likes and dislikesD.engage yourself in lifelong learning第53题According to the writer, to achieve our dreams, we should______.A.work on our strengthsB.develop our creativityC.identify our weaknessesD.seek advice from friends第54题To keep high confidence, it is important for one to .A.take appropriate actionsB.notice his daily progressC.try his best in everythingD.form new ideas every day第55题The writer thinks that one can hold fast to his dream by .A.listing the details of his ideal lifeB.improving some of his old hobbiesC.adding new ideas to his old dreamsD.energizing himself with old passions上一题下一题(56~60/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Commercial classical music radio in North America has changed dramatically over the past decade. The number of stations has shrunk very rapidly—many operators dropped the format in favor of something more profitable, like pop or rock, with their crazy youthful audience. But the availability of satellite radio, Internet streaming and digital technologies has introduced new options for classical fans.In the city of Toronto, a familiar media player entered the tray last year: Moses Znaimer, 65, the famous brave television pioneer who was the driving force behind Toronto´ s CITY-TV. Eleven months ago, he took ownership of Classical 96.3 FM, Canada´s first and largest commercial classical station, which " re-launched" this month with some new on-air hosts, a totally new schedule, and more attention to singing art and less to full-length symphonies.The popular station airs selections(usually no more than 10 to 15 minutes long)of greatest-hits classical works, 24 hours a day. This usually means single movements of larger works and other pieces, with commercial ads in between. The station may never be the preferred destination of highbrow classical fans, who seek full-length symphonies and operas. But this doesn´ t seem to trouble Znaimer, who says of his main competitor, CBC Radio Two: "They play classical, and they do it well when they do it, but they don´ t do it all the time, and they´ re doing it less and less. "Marilyn Gilbert, a Toronto artist manager, also makes a comparison to Canada´s national broadcaster when she praises Znaimer´s station: "Classical 96.3 FM is very important for the community and the country, especially in view of the changes that are going on at CBC. "Znaimer is best-known for his influential work in television, but he was also one of the creators of Cross Country Checkup, the longest-running show on CBC Radio. Today he calls Classical 96.3 FM "arguably the most successful of all classical music stations on the continent. At about 800,000 listeners per week, we are larger even than the New York Times classical station[WQXR-FM]. " And under his excellent and creative leadership, the sound of the station has become livelier.第56题Many operators have dropped commercial classical radio in order to______.A.make more profitsB.promote pop musice new technologyD.attract classical fans第57题From the text we learn that Moses Znaimer wanted to______.A.consolidate his position at Classical 96. 3 FMB.acquaint classical fans with some new radio stationsC.help expand Toronto´ s CITY-TV into a bigger businessD.make Classical 96.3 FM more satisfying to classical fans第58题It can be inferred that Classical 96. 3 FM makes money by _A.attracting and broadcasting commercialsB.showing carefully selected programspeting with CBC Radio TwoD.pleasing highbrow classical fans第59题Marilyn Gilbert believes Classical 96. 3 FM______.A.encourages people to learn classical musicB.introduces a new idea to broadcasting reformC.matters a lot to the community and the countryD.causes CBC to change its way of program arrangement第60题The success of Classical 96. 3 FM lies in the fact that_____A.it has reformed its traditional program styleB.it is more diverse than WQXR-FM in New YorkC.it has attracted audiences of different age groupsD.it is the biggest broadcasting station on the continent上一题下一题(61~65/共5题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talk about tipping in a restaurant. For questions 36-40, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A-G) given below. Laura:I think that I have to agree with you. The idea to surround yourself with good and successful people still rings true. The electronic age may aid contact and communication. However, it does not substitute for looking someone in the eye. One has to have that person-to-person feel to instinctively grasp inner character. I´ m sure that a combination of the two types of interaction will lend flavor to the future.Mike:I naturally tend to prefer face-to-face relationship building. However, having friends and business acquaintances all over the world, I find that tools such as Linkedln are quite useful. Both enable me to maintain old connections and make new connections with people I find I have something in common with. Learning how to use these vehicles is the key. I think we are presently in the process of doing just that.Nick:Just like what you have already mentioned, there is obviously a big difference between how people meet and interact on the net and in real world. What the network world offers is a more relaxed, fun, expressive place to be. I like social networking particularly because it offers me a chance to make a lot of friends. That social networking sites do not build long-lasting relationships is just a misconception.Linda:It is all about a combination of various networking sites, and, if you want to do business, just a few e-mail exchanges. That´ s how I get to know my clients. Face-to-face networking is not always possible for me. I have clients around the globe ,99% of whom I´ ve never met in person. People who oppose social-networking sites don´ t understand the real changes that have taken place in the last decade.Helen:Sure enough, social networks are used to reconnect with friends. But they are also a tool for getting your business recognized. They are great places to place ads or comments about your business, because they are open to the public to view. It can be used as a way to network with would-be consumers. It is a perfect way to promote your business to the widest range of people globally.Now match the name of each person(61 to 65)to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements[A]I do not think that online friendships are short-lived.[B]Networking can make your companies better known.[C]I doubt if people could use networking vehicles properly.[D]To benefit from networking, you should learn how to use it.[E]To understand people better, you have to meet them in person.[F]Social networking reflects the new demands of the changing time.[G]In my opinion, networking has more disadvantages than advantages.第61题Laura _______第62题Mike ________第63题Nick _________第64题Linda ________第65题Helen ________上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.Part A第66题You want to invite John Smith, your former English teacher, to attend a reunion party of your class.Write an email to him,1)telling him the purpose of the party, time and place of the party, etc. ;2)expressing your wish for his accepting the invitation.You should write approximately 100 words. Do not use your own name at the end of your email. Use "Wang Lin" instead. _______________上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words.第67题Below is a chart showing the number of students wearing glasses within a class of 50 students ina junior high school. Look at the chart and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points;1)tendency of short-sightedness among the students;2)possible reasons and solutions to the problem.图片___________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第1题What does the man want to do?A.Attend a private party.B.Celebrate his birthday.C.Cancel his reservation.D.Reserve a dinner table.参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Hello .I´d like to book a table for Tuesday evening.W: I´m sorry. We are fully reserved for that evening. There´s the birthday party. Would you consider another day?M: In that case, let´ s make it Wednesday evening at six.W: OK.第2题Whom are the speakers expecting to come soon?A.A postman.B.A salesman.C.A repairman.D.A policeman.参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Shoot, no wonder it´s no cooler than outside. You turned the air-condition off.W: Oh, something went wrong with it. But I called someone and they are on the way.M: Thank God.W: You can use the electric fan here. At least you can catch a breeze.第3题How does the woman feel at the man´ s words?A.She is excited.B.She is worried.C.She is satisfied.D.She is surprised.参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Shoot, no wonder it´s no cooler than outside. You turned the air-condition off.W: Oh, something went wrong with it. But I called someone and they are on the way.M: Thank God.W: You can use the electric fan here. At least you can catch a breeze.第4题What will the woman do?A.Go to bed for a rest.B.Take some medicine.C.Stay in with the man.D.Eat out with the man.参考答案： A 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Are you coming to the restaurant with us, Judy?W: I´ m sorry I can´t. I´ ve got a splitting headache.M: Oh, is there anything that I can do?W: No. It´ s OK. I´ ve taken the medicine, and I´ll just stay in and lie down.第5题What do the speakers think of products manufactured nowadays?A.They are too expensive.B.They are difficult to use.C.They are of poor quality.D.They are out of fashion.参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: I still remember those good old days when people took pride in their work and built things to the last.W: Absolutely. Look at the things built nowadays.M: You´ re lucky if they don´ t fall apart before you get them home.下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look。

人教版语文必修三：第14课《一名物理学家的教育历程》配套练习及答案

第14课一名物理学家的教育历程——想象力比知识重要一、基础知识1.下列词语中，加点字的注音完全正确的一项是( )A.斑斓．(lán)畅．游(chànɡ)栅．栏(shān)汹涌．(yǒnɡ)B.深渊．(yuān) 鱼鳍．(qí) 目眩．(xuán) 可怖．(bù)C.贪婪．(lán) 人寰．(huán) 湮．没(yān) 耗．掉(hào)D.对撞．(zhuànɡ) 湮．没(yān) 怪诞．(dàn) 畏葸．(sī)2.下列各项中，字形完全正确的一项是( )A.操练殷勤款待自鸣得意奇妙无比B.筵席弱不经风细枝末节高深莫测C.暇想摇摇欲坠虫情世故五彩斑斓D.篱笆煞废苦心精疲力竭撒手人寰3.依次填入下列各句横线上的词语，正确的一项是( )①可是这次脱皮后，它不再是“小乌蠋”的________了，从头到尾完全变了样。

②碧青深长的杂草，葱茏苍翠的树木，白的、红的、黄的、紫的花，好像都在欢迎它的________。

③童年的两件趣事极大地丰富了我对世界的理解力，并且________我走上成为一个理论物理学家的历程。

A.原型来临指导B.原形来临引导C.原形光临指导D.原型光临引导4.下列各句中，加点的成语使用不正确的一项是( )A.如今的房价居高不下，中外年轻人作出截然不同．．．．的选择，据统计，英国首次购房者的平均年龄为37岁，日本和德国为42岁，美国也达到30岁以上。

然而，北京首套房贷者的平均年龄只有27岁，面对此等现象，我们不禁为年轻人承载的房贷压力表示担忧。

B.瑞金专家中医科主任沈小衡提醒，对于摇摆不定．．．．的天气，很多家长宁可给孩子多穿点，也不愿让孩子冻着，其实这样的做法是错误的。

C.年轻人的一个优点就是不会由于世俗的约束而畏葸不．．．前，而这种约束对于大多数成年人而言通常似乎又很难超越。

D.中国的三鹿奶粉出事之后，70%的奶粉市场被国外的品牌占领，中国本土的只剩下了30%。

人教版四年级数学上册第一单元《第14课时_整理和复习》(说课稿)

人教版四年级数学上册第一单元《第14课时_整理和复习》（说课稿）一. 教材分析人教版四年级数学上册第一单元《整理和复习》第14课时，主要对学生在本单元学习的内容进行整理和复习。

通过本节课的学习，使学生能够对整数四则混合运算有一个清晰的认识，提高运算速度和准确性，培养学生逻辑思维能力和解决问题的能力。

二. 学情分析四年级的学生已经掌握了整数的加、减、乘、除四则运算，对运算定律和简便运算方法有一定的了解。

但学生在运算过程中，可能会出现计算错误和运算速度慢的问题。

因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的个体差异，针对不同学生的实际情况进行有针对性的教学。

三. 说教学目标1.知识与技能：通过复习，使学生掌握整数四则混合运算的运算顺序和运算法则，提高运算速度和准确性。

2.过程与方法：培养学生整理和复习知识的能力，学会运用运算定律和简便运算方法解决问题。

3.情感态度与价值观：培养学生积极参与数学学习的兴趣，培养团队合作精神，感受数学学习的乐趣。

四. 说教学重难点1.重点：整数四则混合运算的运算顺序和运算法则。

2.难点：运用运算定律和简便运算方法解决实际问题。

五. 说教学方法与手段1.采用情境导入法，激发学生的学习兴趣，让学生在实际情境中感受数学知识的重要性。

2.运用讲解法，引导学生梳理和巩固已学知识，明确本节课的学习目标。

3.采用小组合作学习法，培养学生团队合作精神，提高学生解决问题的能力。

4.利用多媒体教学手段，展示生动形象的动画，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中学习。

六. 说教学过程1.情境导入（5分钟）：教师通过创设情境，提出问题，引导学生回顾已学知识，为新课的学习做好铺垫。

2.知识梳理（10分钟）：教师引导学生通过列表、画图等方式，对整数四则混合运算的知识进行梳理，明确运算顺序和运算法则。

3.典例讲解（10分钟）：教师通过讲解典型例题，引导学生运用运算定律和简便运算方法解决问题，巩固所学知识。

4.小组合作（10分钟）：教师布置具有挑战性的任务，让学生在小组合作中运用所学知识解决问题，提高学生的实践能力。

人教版高中历史必修三第14课从师夷长技到维新变法复习课件(共62张PPT)

【解析】从关键句“假如康氏的谨慎能像他的热情那样”，说明作者认为谨慎是康有为性格中的弱点，是导致改革拖后十三年并失去最佳时机的关键。 A、C两项未能体现作者的意图，排除；D项理解错误，作者批判康有为谨慎的性格，排除。故选B项。
情境材料1：
情境材料2：
英国的大炮破坏了中国皇帝的权威，迫使天朝帝国与地上的世界接触。…… 正如小心保存在密闭棺木里的木乃伊，一接触新鲜空气便必然要解体一样。
2.甲午中日战争后 19世纪90年代的维新思想
⑴背景：
政治上：民族危机加深，掀起瓜分中国高潮经济上：民族资本主义经济初步发展思想上：早期维新思想奠定基础阶级上：资产阶级的壮大
（2）代表人物及主张
康有为、梁启超、严复等
《新学伪经考》和《孔子改制考》
特点：借用经学外衣宣传变法
（把儒家思想与资本主义政治相结合）
康有为
《变法通议》
抨击专制制度和顽固派
宣传申民权、设议院、
变法图存
批判君权民主君仆、主权在民
动摇君权论的基础
梁启超
严复
维新派与顽固派的论战
论战的焦点封建顽固派
维新派
要不要维新变法
祖宗之法不可变变者天下之公理宁亡国不可变法
要不要兴民权、实行君主立宪制
反对兴民权、设议院，实行君主立宪
实行君民共主的君主立宪政权
3、代表人物：曾国藩、李鸿章、左宗棠等 4、指导思想：中体西用 5、根本目的：维护封建统治 6、口号：师夷长技以自强
“师夷长技以制夷”和“师夷长技以自强” 的区别？
前者是魏源在19世纪四五十年代提出的， “师夷长技以制夷”主要是指学习西方的技术来强大自己，然后利用它来对付西方列强（主要是战争上）。

高中语文(人教版必修3)教师用书：第3单元第14课学习论证 2

阅读下面的材料,根据要求作文。

有一次,记者询问国际数学大师陈省身当初为什么选择了数学,陈省身回答:别的都不会,只好做数学。

无独有偶。

另一记者采访著名画家黄永玉,问他当初为什么学画,他的回答是:别的什么都不会,只好作画。

两位大师不谋而合,回答如此一致。

这难道只是偶然?只是出于谦虚?对此,你有何看法?写一篇议论文,表达自己的见解。

题目自拟,不少于800字。

[写作提示]审材料要善于抓关键词。

要注意记者问话中的“当初”,这就意味着是人生的早期;还要注意两者回答中的“别的什么都不会”,这意味着谦虚,意味着找准人生方向……两位大师的话非常简单,含意却十分丰富。

因此,对其理解也是多向的,切题的立意有:他们尽管功绩卓著,但都十分谦虚,十分低调;他们能够取得今天的功绩,与其早期就善于认识自我、开发自我、选准发展方向是分不开的;“别的都不会”其实是别的都没干,集中精力专攻一点,是有所不为,然后有所为,等等。

对材料内涵解读得越充分,作文的成功率也就越高。

情感语录1.爱情合适就好，不要委屈将就，只要随意，彼此之间不要太大压力2.时间会把最正确的人带到你身边，在此之前，你要做的，是好好的照顾自己3.女人的眼泪是最无用的液体，但你让女人流泪说明你很无用4.总有一天，你会遇上那个人，陪你看日出，直到你的人生落幕5.最美的感动是我以为人去楼空的时候你依然在6.我莫名其妙的地笑了，原来只因为想到了你7.会离开的都是废品，能抢走的都是垃圾8.其实你不知道，如果可以，我愿意把整颗心都刻满你的名字9.女人谁不愿意青春永驻，但我愿意用来换一个疼我的你10.我们和好吧，我想和你拌嘴吵架，想闹小脾气，想为了你哭鼻子，我想你了11.如此情深，却难以启齿。

其实你若真爱一个人，内心酸涩，反而会说不出话来12.生命中有一些人与我们擦肩了，却来不及遇见；遇见了，却来不及相识；相识了，却来不及熟悉，却还要是再见13.对自己好点，因为一辈子不长；对身边的人好点，因为下辈子不一定能遇见14.世上总有一颗心在期待、呼唤着另一颗心15.离开之后，我想你不要忘记一件事：不要忘记想念我。

人教版高考总复习新教材高二13－14单元复习资料

人教版高考总复习新教材高二13－14单元复习资料高二Unit13-Unit14复习资料教学目标：让学生们掌握着两个单元的知识点教学重点：在实践中灵活运用语法知识点教学难点：被动语态和情态动词教学过程：情态动词：1，can 表能力或客观可能性，还可表请求、许可。

Could 也可表请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句。

Could I come to see you tomorrow?2, may表许可，在祈使句中表祝愿 May you succeed.表推测，You may be very busy now.(不用于疑问句)。

3, must表必须，必要，回答must的问句时，否定用needn’t 或don’t have to.Must +V 表对现在的肯定推测，用于肯定句，他的否定形式用can.Must +have done 表示对过去的肯定推测。

Must 表主观看法，have to表客观需要。

I had to work when I was your age.4,shall用于第一人称，表征求对方意愿，表将来。

What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称，表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、或警告。

You shall fail if you don’t work harder. (警告)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表说话人向对方请示或征求对方意见。

Shall we begin our lesson?4. should have done= ought to have done 表本应该做什么事，实际上却没做5， dare与need用法类似，作为情态动词，后直接接动词原形，作为行为动词，后接不定式， I dare to swim across this river.He needs to finish it this evening.被动语态1，不及物动词没有被动语态。

The sun rises in the east.2, 主动表被动，⑴ 感官动词1. The coat feels soft.2. The orange tastes nice.⑵ 某些行为动词 ( sell , write, wash, )1. The book sells well.2. The pen writes smoothly.⑶ need, require, want ,后接动名词主动表被动。

高2014级语文第三册一二单元测试题及答案ppt 人教课标版

【解析】A. 望文生义：不了解某一词句的确切涵义，光从字面
上去牵强附会，做出不确切的解释。 B.生吞活剥：原指生硬搬用别人诗文的词句。现比喻生硬地接受或机械的搬用经验、理论等。
√
C. 以讹传讹：指把本来就不正确的话又错误地传出去，
越传越错。
D不可理喻：不能够用道理使他明白。形容愚昧或态度蛮横，不讲道理。这里误解为“不可理解”了。
6、列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是( B )
A.簇拥宽慰沾惹雕粱画栋杯盘狼藉梁 B.烟霭窥探咀嚼百无聊赖宽宏大量 C.潇洒瞬间拨弄兴致勃勃遍体零伤鳞 D.黏液坚韧踝骨走头无路穿带整齐投戴
2012.11.17 制作
√
7、依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是( B )
2012.11.17 制作
8、下面语段中画线的词语，使用不恰当的一项是( D )
中国成语，历史悠久，在漫长的演化过程中，人们使用时难免望文生义，生吞活剥，结果，弄得某些词汇大大背离了原始意义，甚至驴唇不对马嘴。长期的、集体的以讹传讹，逐渐掩盖了成语的本来面目，让人不可理喻。 A.望文生义 B.生吞活剥 C.以讹传讹 D.不可理喻
11、下列句子加点词语解释不正确的一项是( A )
√
A．蚕丛及鱼凫，开国何茫然。茫然：失意的样子。 B．万里悲秋常作客，百年多病独登台。百年：借指晚年。 C．予左迁九江郡司马。左迁：贬官，降职。
D．行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤。偏僻：偏激，不端正。
【解析】 A.茫然：完全不知道的样子
2012.11.17 制作
√
【解析】 ①遏制：控制，制止；对象多是情绪、事态或某种力
量。②遏止：阻止；对象多是战争、暴动、洪流等来势凶猛而突然发生的重大事件。(此处应是“遏制”)③秩序：有条理、不混乱的情况； ④次序：事物在空间或时间上排列的先后。(句中需要维持的是不混乱的情况，因此用“秩序”)⑤擅长：擅长的意思是独具某种特长，表示在某一专业方面特别精通。如:擅长烹饪 ⑥善于则在某方面好一些，并不含有特别精通之意。如：他善于与孩子打交道。

人教版高中物理必修3-4讲义资料,复习补习资料：14波的衍射、干涉(提高)

波的衍射、干涉【学习目标】1．知识什么是波的衍射现象和衍射的定义。

2．理解发生明显衍射现象的条件。

3．明确衍射是波特有的现象。

4．知道波具有独立传播的特性和两波叠加的位移规律。

5．知道波的干涉现象，知道干涉是波的特性之一。

6．理解波的干涉原理。

7．知道产生稳定的干涉现象时波具有的条件。

【巩固练习】一、选择题1．一列波在传播过程中遇到一个障碍物，发生了衍射，以下情况能使衍射现象更明显的是（）．A．缩小障碍物尺寸，同时减小波的频率B．缩小障碍物尺寸，同时增大波的频率C．增大障碍物尺寸，同时减小波的频率D．增大障碍物尺寸，同时增大波的频率2．在空旷的广场上有一堵较高大的墙MN，墙的一侧O点有一个正在播放男女声合唱歌曲的声源．某人从图中A点走到墙后的B点，在此过程中，如果从声波的衍射来考虑，则会听到（）．A．声音变响，男声比女声更响B．声音变响，女声比男声更响C．声音变弱，男声比女声更弱D．声音变弱，女声比男声更弱3．如图所示，S是振源，MN是带孔挡板，其中M固定，N可上下移动，为了使原来不振动的A点振动起来，可采用（）．A．增大S的频率B．减小S的频率C．N上移D．N下移4．（2019 伊川县校级月考）下列关于两列波相遇时叠加的说法正确的是()A．相遇后，振幅小的一列波将减弱，振幅大的一列波将加强B．相遇后，两列波的振动情况与相遇前完全相同C．在相遇区域，任一点的总位移等于两列波分别引起的位移的矢量和D．几个人在同一房间说话，相互间听得清楚，这说明声波在相遇时互不干扰5．已知空气中的声速为340 m／s，下列波遇到宽度约为12 m的障碍物能发生明显衍射现象的是（）．A．周期为0.05 s的声波B．波长为13 m的声波C．频率为104 Hz的声波D．频率为6×1014 Hz的电磁波6．两列平面简谐横波在空中叠加，其中简谐横波a（图中虚线所示）沿x轴正方向传播，简谐横波b（图中实线所示）沿x轴负方向传播，波速都是20 m／s．t=0时，这两列波的波动图像如图12-5-12所示，那么位于x=45 m处的质点P第一次到达波峰的时间和第一次处于平衡位置的时间分别是（）．A．1.50 s，0.25 s B．0.25 s，0.75 s C．0.50 s，0.75 s D．0.75 s，0.25 s7．如图所示，波源S1在绳的左端发出频率为f1，振幅为A1的半个波形a，同时另一个波源S2在绳的右端发出频率为f2，振幅为A2的半个波形b，且f1＜f2，P为两个波源连线的中点．已知机械波在介质中传播的速度只由介质本身的性质决定．下列说法正确的是（）．A．两列波比较，a波将先到达P点B．两列波在P点叠加时，P点的位移最大可达A1+A2C．b的波峰到达P时，a的波峰还没有到达PD．两列波相遇时，绳上位移可达A1+A2的点只有一个，此点在P点的左侧8．（2019 荥阳市期中）如图表示两个相干波源S1、S2产生的波在同一种均匀介质中相遇。

人教版高一语文必修三第四单元第14课：一名物理学家的教育历程课件

科学精神
• 关于宇宙和人类自身，我们不知道的远比知道的多！因此，古今中外无数的智者在思考，无数的壮举被实施, 航天英雄探太空,“嫦娥一号” 探月球……
• 让我们记住加来道雄《超出时空》中的一句话： “有些人通过个人所得、个人关系或者个人经
历寻求生命的意义。然而，在我看来，有幸得到能领会自然之最终奥秘的智慧，才赋予生命充分的意义。”
• (2)好奇心：充满好奇心地探寻自然的奥秘，对真正的科学工作者来说，是和自然做的近似于捉迷藏的“游戏”，也是人生的“境域”。
• (3)实践精神：踏踏实实地做实验，才能得到基本数据，假说才能确立。一味空想，不去做基础工作，不能探寻到真理。作者即使在青年时期都已经在建造感应加速器，通过实验研究高维空间理论。又如，科学家霍金靠睿智的头脑创建黑洞理论，也要有数学和天体物理学的实验基础，不是空想出来的。
• Persistence——坚持，看对了就要坚持； • Power——力量，有了力量能够闯过关，
遇到困难你要闯下去。
名人事例
阿尔伯特．爱因斯坦（Albert．Einstein） 1897年3月14曰诞生在德国西南距离慕尼黑八十五哩的乌耳姆城(Ulm)。父母都是犹太人。这是一个和睦、愉快的家庭。亲人们深爱着小爱因斯坦，但都为他的智力发育感到担忧。爱因斯坦小时候并不活泼，三岁多还不会讲话，父母很担心他是哑巴，带他去给医生检查。还好小爱因斯坦不是哑巴，可是直到九岁时讲话还不很通畅，所讲的每一句话都必须经过吃力但认真的思考。
一维：只有长度二维：平面世界只有长宽三维：立体世界，我们肉眼亲身感觉到和看到的世界，客观存在的现实空间，有长宽高三个维度。
• 四维：一个时空的概念。日常生活所提及的“四维空间”，大多数都是指爱因斯坦在他的《广义相对论》和《狭义相对论》中提及的“四维时空”概念。我们的宇宙由时间和空间构成。在普通三维空间的长、宽、高三条轴外又加了一条时间轴，就构成四维空间。

人教版高中语文必修三：第14课《一名物理学家的教育历程》(2)(28)

2.作者想通过“鲤鱼科学家”对世界的认识说明什么？【提示】说明‚自以为是‛的人类和‚鲤鱼科学家‛有相似之处。（1）人类‚一生就在我们自己的‘池子’里度过‛，只要‚超出我们的理解力‛的自然存在，他们就 ‚拒绝承认‛。
（2）‚科学家发明像力这样一些概念……‛，是因为他们
只愿意承认‚那些看得见摸得着的事物‛，不肯改变思考问题的方式。（3）‚不能在实验室里便利地验证‛的理论，他们就加以 ‚鄙视‛，表现出思想上的保守和固执。
③高中时代，本应‚在棒球场或篮球场玩耍‛，享受青春年华，但作者却‚找遍周边地区大量的电子仓库，装配必需的硬件设备‛，在‚学校的足球场中缠绕22英里长的铜线‛，自己动手建设实验室，验证爱因斯坦理论，探究反
物质。作者进行这样艰苦枯燥的工作，体现了他对科学的
热爱，以及踏实的性格，显露出成为一个科学工作者的潜能。由①②到③，我们可以清楚地看到作者的‚教育历程‛ 和‚教育内容‛。
的探察，就是我们现在所谓的实验。‛‚科学发展的历史
告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。‛（《应有格物致知精神》）有了想象力，有了乐趣，那只是成为科学家的最基础的因素，不去踏踏实实地做实验，就不能得到基本数据，
假说就不能确立。一味地空想，不去做基础工作，不可能
而阅读统一场理论书籍，既表现了高中阶段作者求知的热
4.本文并不是简单地叙述成长的故事，而是具有深刻的科学精神内涵，可以从中看到哪些方面的“教育”对成为优秀科学家最为重要? 【提示】（1）想象力：科学是需要想象力的，想象力能
带来创造力。作者正是从对鲤鱼世界的想象中，认识到人
类观察空间的局限性，间接感悟到高维空间存在的可能。由感性的想象上升到理性的创造，体现了作者的创新意识和探索精神。