高中英语 破题致胜微方法(虚拟语气2)3“无法实现的愿望”-if only感叹句中的虚拟语气1
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3.“无法实现的愿望”——if only感叹句中的虚拟语气if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,主要用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件,意为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”,意思和wish相似, 用法和wish基本相同,可表示对现在,过去和将来的虚拟,只是比wish感情色彩更强烈一些。本节课我们就一起来学习一下if only 感叹句中的虚拟语气。
一. 时态规则
注意:if only 后的虚拟语气时态规则和wish的用法相同。
对现在的虚拟:
If only I were taller. 我的个子要是能再高一点就好了。
If only I were better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。
对过去的虚拟:
If only I had not married before I met you!
要是遇见你之前,我没有结婚就好了。
If only she had had more courage!
她再勇敢一些就好了。
对将来的虚拟:
It has been raining for three days. If only the rain would stop.
已经下了三天的雨了,要是雨能停就好了。
I felt sure that I could be a grownup if only my parents would get out of my way. 我肯定,只要父母不阻挠,我一定可以做个大人
二. 解题方法
1. 看到if only,想到需要使用虚拟语气;
2. 根据句子中的时间状语或语境判断出虚拟的时间;
3. 根据虚拟的时间,找出对应的时态;
4. 牢记时态规则
三. 经典例题
1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_________your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
答案:B
解析:看到if only 要想到后面需要使用虚拟语气。本题中未出现时间状语,那么我们只能从语境中来推测事情发生的时间了。由前一句“Look at the terrible situation I am in!看看现在我所处的糟糕的情况”可以推断出“听取建议”这件事情应该是发生在过去。由时态规则可知,对过去的虚拟,应该使用过去完成时,所以答案为B。
2.If only we________a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.
A. had
B. had had
C. would have
D.have had
答案:A
解析:看到if only 要想到后面需要使用虚拟语气。本题中未出现时间状语,那么我们只能从语境中来推测事情发生的时间了。由后面的句子“I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.我厌烦了在公共电话厅外面排队打电话”可知“我们目前并没有手机”,所以if only后面是对现在情况的虚拟,应该使用一般现在时,所以答案为A。
四.总结
1. 时态规则
2. 解题方法
①根据语境或时间状语判断出if only感叹句句中虚拟的时间;
②根据虚拟的时间,选择正确的时态;
③牢记时态规则。
3. 辨析if only与only if
(1) if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,因此,主要用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈
的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。
If only I were as clever as you!
要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!
The snow was soft and deep outside. If only he could get out to try his new sled. 外头的雪下得柔软又深厚,如果他能出去试试他的新雪橇该多好啊。
(2) 在only if 这个短语中,副词only是中心词, 而从属连接词if则只是用来连接从句的,因此,它表示“只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”的意思。
I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.
我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。
You can make progress only if you are modest.
惟虚心乃能进步。
注意:
only if 引导的条件状语从句如果位于句首时,主句部分需要使用部分倒装。
Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时,你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
五.巩固练习
1.If only I _____as young as you are.
A. beig
B. am
C. are
D. were
2.If only he ______quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
3.【2015安徽卷】________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
A. If only
B. After
C. Although
D. In case
4. If only I ____ what you wanted!
A. knew
B. had known
C. know
D. have known
5.—Do you have a minute? I’ve something to tell you?
—OK, _________you make it short.
A. now that
B. if only
C. so long as
D. every time
6. 【2013年北京卷】
I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car.