语音学训练题

I.Fill in the Blanks or Multiple Choice:
1. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics
2. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t],[d],[s],[z],[n] share the feature of palatal.
3. The organs of speech contain pharyngeal cavity, oral and nasal cavity.
4. In the case of pit, the [p] sound is said to be aspirated while in the case of spit the [p] sound is unaspirated.
5. The consonant [f] can be described as having the following phonetic features_ _b_.
a. voiceless, bilabial, stop
b. voiceless, labiodental, fricative
c. voiced, bilabial, stop
d. voiced, labiodental, fricative
6. Of the following sound combinations, only _a_is permissible according to the sequential rule .Answer: a
a. kibl
b. bkil
c. ilkb
d. ilbk
7. Which is the description of the consonant [b]? Answer: b
A. V oiceless bilabial stop b. voiced bilabial stop c. voiceless alveolar fricative d. voiced alveolar fricative
8. Which segment in the following does not share one or more phonetic features with the other segments? Answer: d
A. [m] b. [l] c. [w] d. [s]
II. Explain the following terms:
1.Phonetics:
Phonetics is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication. 2.V oicing: Voicing is a quality of speech sounds and a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. Pronouncing a sound (usually a vowel or a voiced consonant)by vibrating the vocal cords.
3. broad transcription : The use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription
4.narrow transcription: The use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription
5.diphthon: They are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
III. Do the followings:
1.What are the three branches of phonetics? Describe each of them briefly. Answer：
(1)Articulatory phonetics:the branch of phonetics concerned with the production of speech sounds.
(2)Auditory phonetics: the branch of phonetics concerned with the perception of speech sounds by humans.
(3)Acoustic phonetics: the branch of phonetics concerned with the
acoustic properties of human speech.
2.How can consonants be classified?
Answer:English consonants can be classified in two ways:one is in terms of manner of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.In terms of manner of articulation the English consonants can be classified into the following types: stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,nasals and glides.In terms of place of articulation,it can be classified into following types: bilabial,labiodental,dental,alveolar,palatal,velar and glottal. 3.What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?
Answer: Vowels may be distinguished as front,central,and back according to which part of the tongue is held highest.To further distinguish members of each group,we need to apply another criterion,i.e.the openness of the mouth.Accordingly, we classify the vowels into four groups:close vowels,semi-close vowels,semi-open vowels,and open vowels.A third criterion that is often used in the classification of vowels is the shape of the lips.In English,all the front vowels and the central vowels are unfounded vowels,i.e.,without rounding the lips,and all the back vowels,with the exception of[a:],are rounded.It should be noted that some front vowels can be pronounced with rounded lips.
4. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound description: 1) voiced palatal fricative 2) voiceless labiodental fricative
3) voiced alveolar stop 4) front, close, short
5) back, semi-open, long 6) voiceless, bilabial stop
(1)[ʤ](2)[f](3)[d](4)[ɪ](5)[ɔ:](6)[p] 5. Give the phonetic features of each of the following sounds:
1) [d] 2) [l] 3) [tʃ] 4) [w] 5) [u] 6) [æ]
Answer:(1)voiceless alveolar stop
(2)voiced alveolar liquid
(3)voiceless palatal affricate
(4)voiced bilabial glide
(5)back,close,short
(6)front,open。