“迷惘的一代”真正内涵

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“迷惘的一代”真正内涵

《太阳照常升起》中“迷惘的一代”摘要:厄内斯特。

海明威在《太阳照常升起》着重描写第一次世界大战后这代人的心理，这是一个内心探索的过程，是一个在现实中挣扎的灵魂的独白。

小说中的人物经历了极大的痛苦和折磨，最终寻找到了精神和感情的出口，坚强地从历史带给他们的伤害中站起来，走向新的生活和希望。

这正是“迷惘的一代”的真正内涵。

“迷惘的一代”（the Lost Generation）泛指第一次世界大战后的一代人，也特指出生在1900年前后并于第一次世界大战后登上文坛的一代美国作家。

他们的作品集中反映了一战后青年厌恶战争同时又因失去方向而痛苦迷惘的心理，是现代主义初期青年文化反叛的一部分。

但他们并没有形成统一的文学流派，而是各自保留自己的独立风格。

这一代人的迷惘是因为他们的传统民主自由的价值观与战后的世界格格不入，加之受美国政府推行的“恢复常态”政策影响，使这些青年感到美国冷酷无情，只重实际利益，从而使这些青年与美国在精神上疏远起来。

海明威从参加第一次世界大战归来后的1919年开始从事文学创作，1926年发表了成名作、第一部长篇小说《太阳照常升起》。

在这部小说的扉页，海明威引用美国“意象派”作家格特鲁德·斯坦因对他说的一句话作为题词：“你们都是迷惘的一代。

” 小说因此被视为“迷惘的一代”——无论是作为文学流派的，还是作为一代战争受害者的宣言书，海明威也因此成为“迷惘的一代”的代言人。

《太阳照常升起》以第一次世界大战为背景，描写了战后一群青年流落在巴黎的生活情景。

表达了当时的青年一代的幻灭感以及对传统道德观念的反叛精神和强烈的反战情绪。

他们都不同程度地在身体上、精神上、道德上、心理上受到战争的损伤和摧残，他们没有精神支柱，没有奋斗的目标，表面上寻欢作乐，内心却隐藏着深刻的悲哀。

他们对战争极端厌恶，对传统价值观念产生怀疑，对生活感到厌倦、迷惘和懊丧,无法在一个信仰失落的时代保持他们在精神上的平衡. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only-eighth of it being above water.但是因为海明威的冰山原则，所以我们只看到那些迷惘、失落、悲观、孤独而无助的灵魂在现实的世界里苦苦挣扎，只看到他们在奢靡的生活中放纵自我、麻醉自我。

“迷惘的一代”与海明威精品文档5页

“迷惘的一代”与海明威“迷惘的一代”是美国文学史上一个重要的文学流派，它产生于二十世纪二十年代，反映了一战后人们尤其是青年一代对战争的愤恨和对现实的不满。

第一次世界大战爆发时，许多青年受到政治口号宣传的影响，把战争看做一种神圣而浪漫的职业，于是纷纷兴致勃勃地报名参军。

在战争期间，他们亲眼目睹了战争的残酷与野蛮，海明威的著名作品《永别了，武器》中的主人公亨利曾有这样一段内心独白：“什么神圣，光荣，牺牲这些空泛的字眼，我一听就害臊，事物也没什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就好比芝加哥的屠宰场，所不同的是把肉拿来埋葬罢了。

”①这时他们方才醒悟到战争并不像他们想象中的那般伟大，于是他们开始反叛，开始愤世嫉俗，战争摧毁了他们的精神支柱，使他们对前途失去了信心，迷失了方向，茫然不知所措，他们通过写作的方式表达这种情绪，宣泄不满，形成了美国文学史上别具一格的“迷惘的一代”。

海明威作为“迷惘的一代”的杰出代表和领军人物，曾经两次参加世界大战，这其中除了人们普遍关注的社会现实因素外，他的性格也是其中一个重要原因。

海明威于1899年7月21日出生于美国芝加哥郊外的一个小镇，父亲是名医生，他非常鼓励海明威参加各种户外活动，经常带儿子去钓鱼和打猎，海明威3岁生日时，父亲便送给他一根钓鱼竿；10岁生日时又送给他一支比他本人高一头的猎枪。

由此，我们不难想象，海明威在这样的培养下会形成什么样的性格。

同时，海明威还参加拳击训练，他的对手是一名职业拳击家，经常被打得鼻青脸肿，尽管这样，他仍然坚持训练，后来有一次，他的左眼被击中，造成了终生残疾。

然而，在这些身体的痛苦面前海明威从不畏惧，他从小就形成了这样坚强、刚毅的性格和铁一般的意志。

海明威这样的性格决定了他不会过平淡无奇的生活，第一次世界大战爆发后，他积极报名参军，由于眼疾而未能如愿，之后，他又参加志愿救援队，在红十字会车队担任司机，有一次他开车在意大利北部和敌人相遇，双方展开战斗，海明威受重伤，以致经过十三次手术也未能痊愈，仍有两百多块弹片留在他身上，成为战争留在他身上永久的纪念，也给他的身体留下了无尽的伤痛。

迷惘的一代与海明威

《永别了武器》（1926）
继续迷惘的主题。
小说标题（ A Farewell to Arms）的双关含义。
主题情节从战争与恋爱两方面平行展开，微妙对应，寓意完全一致：人生不论是私生活还是社会生活，都是一场徒劳的斗争，一无所获，只有一个全盘皆输的结局。
海明威的第一位情人小说中凯瑟琳的原型
1917年夏天中学毕业后赴欧洲战场。
20年代在巴黎过流浪生活。
《在我们的时代》（1924）
了解海明威的关键隐藏在他的第一部短篇小说集《在我们的时代》。其中第一篇《在印弟安人营地》预示了海明威父子日后的命运，自杀。主要人物尼克.亚当斯在此后的小说中不断重现。
尼克.亚当斯=海明威？
1. 相似的参战经历和厌战，反战情绪。
2.迷惘的情绪。
A、失落。他们在战争中失落了青春年华，也失落了理想。感到自己上当受骗。从小接受的一套传统的道德、宗教和伦理标准动摇了。
B、迷路。感到无路可走。“所有的战争都已结束。所有的信仰都被动摇。”他们被战争逐出了生活的常规，不能适应正常的日常生活。于是沉溺于无所事事的状态。过着一种波西米亚式的流浪生活，酗酒，赌博，谈恋爱，寻找刺激，希望以此摆脱精神上的苦闷。
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张德明
西方现代文艺流派 xfxdwylp-y@
发展概况
一般意义上说，迷惘的一代是指经历一次世界大战的那一代人。文学上特指在一次大战期间成长起来，在1920年代建立起文学名声的的那一代美国作家。
主要作家有海明威、派索斯、菲茨杰拉德、肯明斯、福克纳等。
他们在战前都是不到20岁的年轻人，响应政府的号召走上战场。亲眼目睹了战争的残酷性和非正义性，以及它给人类造成的灾难，在身心两方面都蒙受战争的创伤。回国后又找不到出路，于是灰心失望，通过文学形式表现自己的经历和苦闷，形成一个松散的但很有影响的文学团体。

迷惘的一代名词解释

迷惘的一代名词解释迷惘的一代是一个社会学概念，源自于美国作家欧内斯特·海明威在他的小说《失落的一代》中描述的一群人。

迷惘的一代指的是出生于第一次世界大战之后，成长于20世纪二三十年代之间的一代人，也就是1918年至1934年间出生的人群。

迷惘的一代成长的时代被认为是一个充满不确定性和混乱的时期。

他们的童年经历了第一次世界大战的战火蹂躏，成年后又经历了世界经济大萧条和第二次世界大战。

这些战争和经济危机带来了重大的社会变革和文化冲击，迷惘的一代经历了一个失去信念和方向的时代。

迷惘的一代具有以下几个特点：1. 失去信仰和价值观：迷惘的一代在经历了战争和危机的洗礼后，开始怀疑传统价值和信仰体系，他们对传统的道德准则和宗教信仰持怀疑态度，对现有社会秩序心生不满。

2. 文化焦虑：迷惘的一代对传统文化和社会观念持怀疑态度，他们对文化的发展和社会进步感到焦虑和困惑。

他们对传统的文化和审美标准感到迷茫，追求新的体验和价值观。

3. 自我反思：迷惘的一代非常重视自我反思和自省，他们试图找到个人存在的意义和价值。

他们经常陷入深思熟虑和感性的状态，对自己的内心世界进行了深入的探索。

4. 落寞和自我放纵：迷惘的一代常常感到孤独和失落，他们认为自己和社会格格不入。

有些人选择了自我放纵和堕落的生活方式，通过追求刺激和享乐来减轻内心的迷茫。

5. 文学和艺术的创造：迷惘的一代在文学和艺术方面有很高的创造力，通过写作、绘画和雕塑等艺术表达方式表达了他们的内心世界和情感。

许多迷惘的一代作家、诗人和艺术家创作了一系列有影响力的作品，塑造了迷惘的一代的形象。

迷惘的一代对今天的社会和文化产生了深远影响。

他们的怀疑精神和对自我探索的追求，影响了后来的文化运动，如嬉皮士文化、次文化和后现代主义。

迷惘的一代对价值观和信仰的质疑，也促使人们对传统观念进行重新思考，推动了社会的进步和变革。

浅析“迷惘的一代”及其对美国文学及文化的影响

浅析“迷惘的一代”及其对美国文学及文化的影响摘要:在1920- 1930年代,世界第一次世界大战之后,美国出现了这样一种社会现象,那就是:在一战爆发前刚刚步入成年的年轻人充满了厌恶战争、悲观和迷茫的情绪。

他们成长的年代是资本主义渐渐的没落的年代。

因为这个时代的特点,他们的思想是复杂而矛盾的。

他们感到迷茫,因此他们被称为“迷惘的一代”。

这种现象广泛而深入地从美国蔓延到整个西方社会,它的影响在历史上是十分罕见的。

本文将简单研究迷惘的一代的历史背景和产生的原因、其主要特点和它对美国文学及文化的影响。

关键词：迷惘的一代；历史渊源；文化价值；影响The Brief Analysis of the Lost Generation and Its Influence onAmerican Literature and CultureAbstract: In the 1920s—1930s, after the world warⅠ, there appears a social phenomenon, that is: The youths who were just becoming adults when the war broke out were feel disappointed and lost. When the youth were growing up, the capitalism was declining. Because of the characteristic of that age, their ideology was intricate and paradoxical. They felt so lost, and they were called the Lost Generation. This phenomenon spread from the United States to the western society widely and deeply, and its influence on western society is rare in history. This paper will briefly study the historical background of the Lost Generation and its forming factors and main characteristics, and will focus on the Lost Generation’s influence on American literature and culture.Key words:lost generation; historical origins; cultural value; influenceContentsIntroduction (1)PartⅠThe background of the Lost Generation (2)1.1 The introduction of the lost generation (2)1.2 Forming factors of the lost generation (2)1.2.1 The effects of the First World War (2)1.2.2 The change of people’ ideas (3)1.2.3 The influence of western ideas on American youth (4)Part Ⅱ Main Characteristics of the Lost Generation (5)2.1 The confusion about war ――against the war (5)2.2 The confusion about life (6)2.3 The confusion about social reality (7)Part Ⅲ The Influence on American Literature and Culture (9)3.1 The lost generation’s influence on American literature (9)3.1.1 The maturity of American literature (9)3.1.2 Minimalism and Innovation (9)3.2 The lost generation’s influence on American culture (10)3.2.1 Multicultural promotion (10)3.2.2 Effect on American media (11)Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)IntroductionLost generation is a term that has been widely accepted in the field of literary studies，it refers to youth and young writers with disillusionment after the First World War. Their characteristics are weariness,pessimism and disappointment.There are many studies about the lost generation, many scholars and critics were talk about the lost generation which is represented by Hemingway. Most studies are according literature history to analyze Hemingway and the Lost Generation, but the discussion of deep-seated reasons behind Hemingway and the Lost Generation, which leads to the forming of the Lost Generation, the research about this aspect is not much. Therefore, this article will combine the literature and history to analyze the lost generation. This paper analyzes the Lost Generation through the history of the United States and studies its formation factors, characteristics and influence with the help of writers and works of the Lost Generation.Last century, the United States was in a ‘cultural boiling’period: times change and People's thoughts conflicted with traditional culture, which almost reshaped America youth’s cultural attitudes and behaviors, and led to the Lost Generation.Nowadays, China is building a socialist harmonious society at present, and it has to rely on the young generation. Today there is a problem that is after the reform and opening up, under the background of globalization, Young people’s thoughts are under attack. There are many new ideas, some of them are good, and some are bad, which have very deep influence on Chinese youth. In this environment, teenagers are easy to get lost. So how to educate teenagers in ideology, to enable them to develop in a healthy way and to avoid them becoming the new ‘Lost Generation’ are the issues that every educator is facing.This paper will study from the angle of history and literature, according to the previously published monographs and journals to research historical causes of the main characteristics and impact of the Lost Generation. Besides, according to current situation of the Chinese society, it will put forward a bit to prevent Chinese-style ‘Lost G eneration’.PartⅠThe background of the Lost Generation1.1 The introduction of the lost generationThe Lost Generation was the generation that came of age during World War I, which was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself. Between the first and second World Wars, writers of the Lost Generation were abroad, many of them went to Europe. Self-exiled to France in the post World War I, a number of intellectuals, poets, artists and writers sought the bohemian lifestyle and rejected the values of American materialism. And its center was in Paris.Poet Gertrude Stein actually pointed the ‘Lost Generation’ out. She said to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.” Hemingway took it as the inscription in his first novel The Sun Also Rises, and the lo st generation gradually became the name of ‘melancholic temperament’ youth after the Word WarⅠ. Then it became a title of an American modernism literature genre---- The Lost Generation Literature. This literary genre has no organization or program, whose theme is lost and helpless; the Lost Generation has since become the title of those writers with the same creative tendency: Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Ernst Hemingway, John Dos Passos and Thomas Wolfe, etc.1.2 Forming factors of the lost generation1.2.1 The effects of the First World WarThe impact of the First World War on the outcome of American is affording much food for thought. The Allied USA supported won the war, and America also got its own economic interests from the war. But encouraging Americans to war’s lofty ideal, such as ‘fight for democracy in the world’, ‘take part in the war to end the war forever’ suffered a serious a serious setback after the war. This setback embodied the failure of the plan that United States want to establish the international union. On the surface this seems to be a failure in foreign policy, but in the eyes of many Americans, it is a symbol that behind the international union imagination, the concept of political democracy under the leadership of the America failed. What is more, this political idea’s disillusionment proclaimed that American traditional Puritanism ideas of which people hold the idea as they perform the sacred duties within the scope of world failed. In fact, it is this concept in 1917 that put tens of thousands of youngAmericans on the away from the United States to fight in Europe. Since this kind of idea is wrong, then the reason of war also is wrong. That is to say, fifty thousand American young men bleed for a lie, their blood is in vain. Young people sacrificed on the battlefield in Europe not only their body, their also suffered spiritual disillusionment. Lost is the mark of European battlefield survivors who suffered a lot. So under such mark they find reasons for their variety of heresy. They thought the values of Puritanism should be abolished. And on behalf of the lost generation were young writers in the forefront.1.2.2 The change of p eople’ ideasIn 20s, youth’s reflection and criticism not only for war, but also for the middle-class v alues. That is to say, the young’s dissatisfaction is largely for culture, which reflects that social cultural contradictions deeply existed in USA. The Norton Anthology of American Literature describes this cultural contradiction: the traditional Americans believed that one should work hard, obey standard, commit themselves and behave decently, they were trying to use Small towns of moral ideal the puritans believed in as a standard to shape American society. The opposite is some gradually clear loud voices, which came from immigrants, minorities, young people and women... who were trying to create a new, more diversified way of life.At the time of the American society, the core of social and economic life has changed from production to consumption after half a century of development. In order to make products can be fully absorbed by market, with media and advertising, a new moral relationship formed. This is ethical consumption. It advocated people to buy, to enjoy and to show their personality. In fact, it is this new fashion in the early 20th century expanded its influence on the United States, and gradually replaced the dominant position that the Puritanism production moral had occupied. The collapse of the old ideas offered space for young people to express their views, and new concepts even pushed the young people to the forefront of cultural wave. That is because the bondage of young generation’s concepts significantly weaker than middle-class’s. They were energetic, and they had strong ability to accept new things. Though their economic ability was limited, but they were more willing to consume, so they get the favor of business. A lot of media such as magazines, newspapers, books and radio advertised to young people's life, which attract young people to spend on one hand, on the other hand, it set up a set of values suitable for young people. In general, the cultural focus to young people because they were adapted to the characteristics of the consumption economy and its values.1.2.3 The influence of western ideas on American youthIn the 20th century, the western mainstream thought profoundly influenced on American youth. These ideas include cynicism, disillusionment, death and nothingness.In 1914 the international order was broken, and this situation played a leading role for a long time in twentieth Century. Because of the war, a new kind of cynicism emerged as the times require. Therefore, the society was full of cynical thoughts, the faith of the human gone. This disillusionment mood soon appeared in the war, the British writer Herbert Read said that as long as spend a week in the trenches, you will eliminate any remnants of romantic idea to war. With the growth number of war casualties, western society appeared the voice of protest. Finally, those who survived mostly were ashamed of their involvement in the war.The war was very popular in the original, but painful in the end. And this sentiment lasted for a long time, affected the people’s world outlook after war. In the 1920s, pessimistic atmosphere had spread throughout the western world, included the United States,people can feel the strong pessimistic thoughts and subversive ideas. Under the influence of these thoughts, the consciousness of death, pessimism is during the First World War and the postwar in America society. The worst casualties in the battlefield were junior officers who, in general speaking, were the youth received a good education. Under the stimulation of the war, they wrote many works with anti-war, pessimistic and lost emotions. Like Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, and John Dos Passos’s Three Soldiers and many other works have reflected these emotions.Part ⅡMain Characteristics of the Lost GenerationThe so-called lost generation refers to the American writers especially the young writers with a lot of confusion and frustration at that time. They are confused because the traditional concepts of this generation could not suit the postwar world, but they could not find a new rule of life. They think only the reality is the truth, but the reality is cruel. Therefore, they could only act according to their instinct and sense, tried to rebel the ideals and values they held before, used rebellious thoughts and actions to express their dissatisfaction with the reality. The main characteristics of the lost generation are shown in the following three aspects: the confusion of war, the confusion of life and the confusion of social reality.2.1 The confusion about war ――against the warIn 1914, the First World War broke out. With a sacred fanatical passion of justice, many American youth went to Europe, attended the President of the United States called ‘the war to eliminate all wars’, to test their courage and determination. They were not afraid of sacrifices, they had almost consumed their youth and lives. But Versailles contract signed after the war let them find all of this just the history playing with them. Their body suffered great damage and their soul also suffered from shadow. Worse influence of war on America is not proportional to it cost.First of all, people’s abhorrence of war is very common in American. Young people saw countries politicians in Paris Peace Conference bickering and bargaining, were deeply feel betrayed. They are not belligerent, and the interests of the war to them are not direct as to Europeans. It can be said that they are more fight for the faith. So when they were cheated, despite their material losses are less than others, their mental injury is very profound.Secondly, the war caused more mental hurt to the intellectuals, which is also one of the reasons for their anti-war. In this war, they saw the decline of European civilization that they had used to be proud of. War exposed the hypocrisy essence of capitalist civilization, and youth were confused about whether European civilization could make for. For example, Hemingway had been to France, Italy and Spain during the world war one, when he was injured, his view on the war was still ideal. He used to write to his parents, “We are ready to dedicate our lives, but only a few were selected, those who gave their lives also do not need honor, because they are lucky.” (Zeng, 1999:79)This high passion contrasts with the pain that he expressed in A Farewell to Arms. Then he realized that ‘the t ruth of war, I was most need to know when it was utterly ignorant’. Confusion and disappointment were among the whole of the 20s.Therefore, led by Ernest Hemingway, a generation of young Americans writers used their pens, to vent their anti-war thought. Almost every role in their works experienced the hardships of war, so their characters are the mirror of the lost generation. For example, in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, Henry saw the truth about war, he is aware of fighting in the war did not save justice or truth; even it doesn't matter with himself. The soldiers he loved, however, also are the accomplice of war makers. He downhearted and was lost. He as well as other young combatants fell into a deep spiritual crisis. Hoping to get peace by drinking, Henry is drown his sorrows in wine and be in the hope of self anesthesia. The war destroyed his political beliefs and ideals, and all of his values were collapsed. Hemingway said, through Henry's inner monologue, “I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it.”(Hemingway, 1980:165)Another representative writer Dos Passos in Three soldiers also described the development tendency of the lost generation, in which he revealed how the war destroyed individual hobby and ideal and showed the disappointment of the younger generation. Passos was very discontent about the current situation of America, including they were tricked into Europe. In his mind, the only hope is revolution - politicians, capitalists, warmonger and chauvinist, to kill them all.2.2 The confusion about lifeYoung American’s confusion was associated with social conditions, their families, education and social values. Facing an economic crisis, the depressed market society, young people want to fight again, but after struggle the result was either failure or more empty. Thus, their attitude towards life became more pessimistic.After the war soldiers need to work, but the recession caused great difficulties for them. In particular, military life and cruel war profoundly had a bad effect on their moral character. At that time, War and the so-called peace, made them feel the world was meaningless, they had to escape from reality. Therefore, wild ideas popularized among young people, especially the sexual orgies of ‘carpe diem’. Those young people completely disregard any moral rules or old commandment.These decadent behaviors can be verified from the works of many American writers of the day.In the Sun Also Rises, Hemingway depicts a group of American young people's mental state and outlook on life: they discarded their own misfortune, their values and all social moral standards. In order to ‘live every minute effectively ’, they lived a Bohemian life. The hero in novel lost sexual ability in the war, but he still indulge in debauchery life. However, he didn't get any spiritual solace, he felt more depressed and hopeless.Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s works also showed the same theme. His This Side of Paradise reflects the effects of war on the American ethos, including the oscillation of traditional bourgeois morality and their mood - wild but restless.Through this story we can see that disappointment and confusion is not only on soldiers, but on all this generation.2.3 The confusion about social realityAt the beginning of the 20th century, American society showed a scene of chaos, numerous contradictions fully revealed in the post-war: the growing gap between rich and poor, the depressed market and more and more unemployment men, which made a lot of social problems. In such a society, it is generally felt the injustice of the world. Lost their idea and goal, people felt depressed and helpless. Soldiers returning from the battlefield faced such social scene, they felt misunderstand: their ideas were liberated, but they felt uncertain about real life or perplexed about the future.At the same time, many European countries’ way of life and life attitude was beginning to affect the postwar American youth. Many young Americans went to the European and broaden their horizon. They appreciated the Frenchman's natural and romantic emotional appeal. They began to imitate, the United States has formed a new fashion: young men wearing raccoon leather jacket, carrying travel kettle; Young women perm hair, wear miniskirts, people’s action and clothes are no longer bound by tradition. Estrangement between Americans disappeared, people interaction increased, the new media appeared, you can contacted and communicated at any time.European fashion swept America. Parisians are free to drink, while the United States in 1919 passed the 18th prohibition amendment, young people still ignored it, liquor sales increased and cocktail were opened more. The United States entered a pursuit of material, a new era of easy making money.This phenomenon has been fully embodied in the works of Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. This novel is exquisit e and accurately describes the ‘jazz age’ of the United States. With the arrival of the United States economic prosperity, the pain and loss of the First World War was soon replaced by blindly optimistic mood in society. To some extent, people were by abandoned the ideal to pursue wealth and to forget the pain of disillusionment. ‘From Rags to Ric hes’ is through personal efforts to achieve success, and it soon became the new target that the people pursue implementation. But people abandoned the past cherished society value, instead, they looked on money as the only standard to measure success in life. Gatsby wants to use extravagant party, luxurious villas and big like ‘monster’ car as a status symbol, and attempts to lure Daisy, his behavior is just the embodiment of the social psychology. But under the surface of prosperous, it is deeper than ever disillusionment, mental decline and moral decay. Gatsby’s tragedy shows lacking of spiritual support; the pursuit of pure material for the content of the ‘America dream’ has become a rotten thing, which is that people think that as long as the satisfaction of material can achieve the life satisfaction. And the pursuit of this dream can only pushed his ideal burst once again. The pursuit of Gatsby is a tragedy, not possible. This is a universal phenomenon in postwar American.Part ⅢThe Influence on American Literature and Culture 3.1 The lost generation’s influence on American literature3.1.1 The maturity of American literatureThe First World War, American post-war economical changes and development and the western consciousness of death and nihilism popularized in America and many other factors led to The Lost Generation. Although the existence of The Lost Generation is just a short decades, but the impact of it to the United States is vast and profound. The biggest impact is to form the ‘lost generation’ of the 20th century literature. The famous American poet, literary critic Malcolm Cowley compared twenty’s USA literature with The New England literary in Emerson’s age; he called it ‘the second prospe rity of American literature’, and considered that it has a strong impact on European culture and literature. Under this kind of shock, the lost generation writers contributed. The first is the emergence of writers in this period. According to incomplete st atistics in the Malcolm Cowley’s Exiles Return, born in 1891 to 1905 of The Lost Generation youth, in 1942, 236 people have been included in the American culture celebrity dictionary. In The High Tide of American Literature, Malcolm Cowley expanded the list to 385. Second is the quality of the American literature during this period is also recognized as well. In addition to the familiar thing that Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954, and Eugene O'Neal (1936), Pearl Buck (1938), Faulkner (1949), Steinbeck (1962), Sol Bellow (1976) and Singer (1978) have won the Nobel Prize for Literature. So many writers and works appeared in this period and so high literary achievements fully show that The Lost Generation is not only the second boom of American literature, it also the mark that the American literary have been freed from the British colonial literature and even the shadow of European literature, it entered the real mature period.3.1.2 Minimalism and InnovationTheir creations in the first were the tendency of literature minimalism and colloquial of language. The second is the form for innovation. These works is not only beneficial to us from the inside to understand the thoughts of The Lost Generation, the principle of life and creation, it also facilitate us to study on a full range of The Lost Generation. And good writers, workvividly appearing also deepens The Lost Generation of Literary legend, it spans the 20’s short time, and continuously affected on American literature in the late. Marc Dolan also thought lost generation can be the 20’s cultural symbol in the United States, because it is rare in American history that a group of writers be representative of an era. As it said before, the lost generation from the moment it appears has the cultural rebellion. The writers took off their uniform after the First World War, and went on writing Road. With their special experience of fighting and exiling in Europe to experience the modern European art enlightenment, their works excellently expressed anti-war sentiments and the modern youth’s disillusionment consciousness. Therefore, Middle-aged writer is difficult to go beyond them. Lost generation writer burst the middle-aged moderates in traditional literary rule and its elegant and polite, hey conquered the editors, publishers, and readers, to become the leading voice of the 20 s American national literature.3.2 The lost g eneration’s influence on American culture3.2.1 Multicultural promotionHowever, the social impact of the Lost Generation has been far beyond the category of literature, in the field of social thoughts and culture, it triggered the revolutionary sensation, affects the young generation of thought and behavior. America writer Marc Dolan in A Cultural Re-reading of the Lost Generation also said ‘the lost generation in the becoming an artist, becoming an American and becoming a personality’.(Dolan, 1996:47).For example, in The Sun Also Rises published shortly after, “young man tried to drink as calmly as the hero of the novel, ladies like the heroine of the novel so sad to Jedi to fall in love one by one, they all talk l ike the characters in Hemingway’s works.” (Cowley, 1986:174) Fitzgerald's novel also accurately record the degenerate, and night revelry of celebrities and fashionable woman, at the same time, It put this way of life deeper and wider promotion to the whole society, which thus lead to the emergence of the Beat Generation in the 50's. This kind of culture, literature movement swept across the United States, at the same time, it also carried hundreds of modernist art and popular lifestyle trends on. It can be said that in the influence of the lost generation ideology, coupled with the Harlem Renaissance, Women’s Rights Movement as well as the rise of various immigrant cultures, the multi-pattern began to form.3.2.2 Effect on American mediaAlso at that time in America society, subject to the influence of the lost generation also performed in other aspects of social life, like music, movies which were in great impact. American writer Arnold Shaw in his work The Jazz Age:Popular Music in the 1920’s says, “Jazz reflects the sluggish economy and the glamorous life. It’s the symbol of the times, in fact, it represented the western society to rethink the value of music, broken the idea of music position possessed and enjoyed by specific class. For the life history of the black Americans, for example, jazz reflected the people hard work and the strong desire to survive.”(Arnold Shaw, 1997:98)At a time when the American film began to be popular, even it was silent film, but there is no doubt that it is also affected by the Lost Generation. The famous writer Steven·J·Ross in Movies and American Society described the impact on film: “The working - class nickelodeon was described on The one hand as a community center and conqueror of The saloon, and on The other hand The AD a school for scandal would adolescent boys to steal and The girls to be promiscuous”（Steven, 2002:85）.Such many examples, thus it is easy to come to the conclusion that the impact of the Lost Generation on American society is comprehensive, and it is stunning. Lost generation’s formation was related to the western world of that time. But as educators and leaders in the times of the Lost Generation, USA government inaction can not shirk its responsibility.ConclusionLost Generation’s influence on American and even the whole western society is so profound; the impact of time is so long. This phenomenon is worth our consideration. At that time, t he American society in general is a huge ‘paradox’, ideological, moral, intellective and cultural attitude is full of contradictions: people cared for tradition, but yearn for a freer and more open future. Those 20 years of American literature are dominated by young writers, behind their strong cultural critical attitude, are radical and conservative, rebellious and nostalgic opposite factors, and are also a period of cultural upheavals of the confusion and difficult exploration.Exhaustion of body and mind, the postwar youth could not find a little meaning of life, only the emptiness and confusion. Thus, they had no confidence or belief in their traditional values, the society and even themselves. In fact, the United States and even the whole western mainstream ideas are away from the society and escaped from reality.This phenomenon of moral education is worthy learning from them in China. As we all know, China is trying to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, is in a critical period of building a socialist harmonious society. It is necessary for us to participate in the whole society, especially the young generation. We should note that guiding young people’s thought is a long-term process, we can’t slack off, and educators should attach great importance to ideological changes of teenagers and take effective measures. Therefore, emphasizing on today’s Chinese students to cultivate the humanity is important, as well as to prevent them from becoming ‘lost generation’.。

迷惘的一代

迷惘的一代迷惘的一代(Lost Generation)，又称：迷失的一代。

西方现代派文学的一种。

第一次世界大战以后出现于美国的一个文学流派。

第一次世界大战以后，美国有一批青年作家陆续登上文坛。

他们不仅年龄相仿，而且经历相似，思想情绪相近，在创作中表现出许多共同点，逐渐形成一新的文学流派。

代表作家有海明威(1899—1961)、福克纳(1897—1962)、约·多斯·帕索斯(1896—1970)、菲兹杰拉德(1896—1940)，和诗人肯明斯(1894—1962)等。

“迷惘的一代”在战争期间深受战争宣传的欺骗之苦，对所有崇高的字眼都弃之如敝屣：“什么神圣、光荣、牺牲这些空泛的字眼儿，我一听就害臊??我可没见到什么神圣的东西，光荣的东西也没有什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就像芝加哥的屠宰场，不同的是肉拿来埋掉罢了。

”所以他们在文学创作时推崇文字上的简约主义。

海明威更是把这种简约风格推到了极致。

他采用电报式的语言，通过简约的对话和细节，用含蓄的、间接的手法暗示人物内心的戏剧性变化，而不是像传统的作法那样通过描述来铺陈人物内心。

结尾也常常是戛然而止，绝不拖泥带水，也不煽情作秀，即所谓的“零度结尾”，反而赋予了作品更为震撼人心的力量。

海明威因为精通叙事艺术而获得诺贝尔文学奖，他的“冰山原则”就是他现代叙事艺术的集中体现，作家只写露在水面上的八分之1一，其余的八分之七仅通过暗示留给读者去补白。

这种创作原则极大地影响了他同时代及后辈作家的创作倾向。

口语化成为一代人散文风格的普遍特色。

埃德蒙·威尔逊甚至在他的文学评论中也摒弃学究字眼，选用口语词汇。

亨利·米勒在《北回归线》(一九三四)中把这种倾向推到极端，成为用粗鄙的语言来表现道德冷漠和感觉精微的迷惘特征，结果被萧伯纳骂作是“为下流而下流”(dirt for dirt’s sake)，难登大雅之堂。

“迷惘的一代”创作的另一个特点是形式上勇于创新。

(大学语文外国文学)23迷惘的一代

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爵士时代的歌手
称时代为“爵士时代”，短篇集名《爵士时代的故事》。一战后到经济危机爆发 19191929年，经济平稳繁荣。传统道德、理想、宗教信仰瓦解，海明威：“我觉得好的就是道德，我觉得不好的，就是不道德。”惟一可信的只有自我主观感觉。于是及时行乐，追求官能享受，提倡性解放。爱听使人官能兴奋的爵士乐。菲归纳为“一切神明统统死光，一切仗都已经打完，对人的一切信念完全动摇”。
凶案发生后，尼克打电话找黛西，但她和汤
姆已出门去欧洲旅行。花天酒地的朋友没有
一个参加葬礼，只有年老父亲和尼克。后尼
克发觉是汤姆挑拨威尔逊杀人，感到东部世
态炎凉，决定回老家。
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“美国梦”的幻灭
所谓“美国梦”就是美国理想，告诉人们在自由平等的美国社会机会均等，只要努力，人人都会成为“了不起”的上层人士，都能成功。
但多看两遍之后才明白作者对他是否定的原来他对生活还抱有罗曼蒂克的幻想献殷勤追女友想当英雄摆出一副骑士派头而海明威作为迷惘的一代认为经过一战青年一代已经看穿了资本主义的文明旧时代的切精神价值都属虚妄爱情已经死亡但是柯恩还死抱住这些思想废料不放是一个可悲可笑的人201741550海明威最恼火访问者询问他某某作品的主题思想
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年轻作家：一战爆发时都不到20岁，都参加战争，或负伤，或精神受重创，或被投入监狱，都有过惨痛经历。战后，对战争厌恶，幻灭，苦闷彷徨，寻找解脱。从战场回到社会，不但没有认同感，相反对空洞而势利的价值观念失望。与美国社会现实格格不入，纷纷离开本土，浪迹天涯，不约而同地来到巴黎，在文化沙龙用文学表达复杂思想情绪。
风格——句子简短明了，用词经济，寥寥数

美国文学--“迷惘的一代”

约翰，厄普代克 John Updike （1932～2009）

毕业于哈佛大学，后留学英国牛津大学。 1955～1957年在《纽约人》杂志任编辑，后回宾州专事文学创作，陆续发表《兔子三部曲》、《半人半马》、《夫妇们》、《同我结婚：一桩罗曼史》等长篇小说，以及众多短篇小说与故事集，被誉为当代美国文坛上描绘中产阶级生活的大师。代表作《兔子三部曲》追踪表现一个绰号兔子的青年人哈利，如何从精神苦闷、骚动不安的 50年代，一直经历到70年代的繁荣与变迁，成为保守而平庸的新富人的生长曲线。作为中产阶级编年史，作品生动细腻，准确地描写出当代城市生活与历史沿革，在人物精神刻画方面，批判地反映美国中产阶级典型人物。从三部曲到五部曲
卡森· 麦卡勒斯（Carson McCullers1917－1967）

生于乔治亚州府哥伦布一珠宝店主家庭，5 岁学习钢琴，15岁立志成为作家。17岁去纽约哥伦比亚大学学文学创作，19岁开始构思，22岁完成《心是孤独的猎手》。重要作品有《伤心咖啡馆之歌》（通过生活中某些特异的经历，来考查“人性”中某种特异的成份。作者的结论是：人的心灵是不能沟通的，人类只能生活在精神孤立的境况中；感情的波澜起伏是一种痛苦的经验，只能给人带来不幸。）、《黄金眼睛的映象》、《婚礼的成员》等第 17位。作品多描写孤独的人们，孤独、孤立和疏离的主题始终贯穿在她的所有作品中，并烙刻在她个人生活的各个层面。
索尔· 贝娄（Saul Bellow，1915-2005）

父亲是从俄国移居来的犹太商人，贝娄1933考入芝加哥大学。两年后转入西北大学，获得社会学和人类学学士学位。 1941－1987共出版了9部长篇小说。早期创作《晃来晃去的人》（Dangling Man）（1944）、《受害者》（The Victim）（1947），《奥吉· 玛琪历险记》(The Adventure of Augie March)（1953）使他一举成名，小说成为当代美国文学中描写自我意识和个人自由的典型之作。 1964《赫索格》（Herzog）第二次获得全国图书奖；1970《赛姆勒先生的行星》（Mr.Sammler‘s Planet）第三次获得全国图书奖；1975《洪堡的礼物》（Humboldt‘s Gift）获得普利策奖。其作品袒露了中产阶级知识分子的精神苦闷，反映了美国当代“丰裕社会”的精神危机。 1976获诺贝尔文学奖，被认为“融合了对人的理解和对当代文化的精妙分析”，特别提及《抓紧时光》》（Seize the Day）（1956）

浅谈迷惘的一代与垮掉的一代

浅谈“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”本质的异同定义（摘自：维基百科）迷惘的一代（Lost Generation），又称迷失的一代、失落的一代，通常指在第一次世界大战期间成年的一代人。

海明威在其创作的小说太阳照常升起中使用了“迷惘的一代”作为题词，从而使这一名称广为人知。

“迷惘的一代”从此成为这批虽无纲领和组织但有相同的创作倾向的作家的称谓。

所谓“迷惘”，是指他们共有的彷徨和失望情绪。

“迷惘的一代”尽管是一个短暂的潮流，但它在美国文学史上的地位是确定了的。

垮掉的一代(Beat Generation)，第二次世界大战后风行于美国的文学流派。

该流派的作家都是性格粗犷豪放、落拓不羁的男女青年，他们生活简单、不修边幅，喜穿奇装异服，厌弃工作和学业，拒绝承担任何社会义务，以浪迹天涯为乐，蔑视社会的法纪秩序，反对一切世俗陈规和垄断资本统治，抵制对外侵略和种族隔离，讨厌机器文明，他们永远寻求新的刺激，寻求绝对自由，纵欲、吸毒、沉沦，以此向体面的传统价值标准进行挑战，因此被称作垮掉的一代。

相同点“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”，分别产生于20世纪的两次世界大战之后。

尽管两个流派产生于不同的历史时期、文化背景之下，甚至是文学评论界的反应也完全不同，但是当将两个流派分别放在各自特定的历史时期，通过对时代背景、现实处境、思想基础、发展历程的比较分析，发现两者具有共同的反叛主旨，即反叛主流价值观，宣泄个人感受，用另类的方法引起社会的关注。

同时，对两者的比较放在美国文学的纵向发展中，又可以清晰地梳理出两者一脉的相承精神实质，即追求自由、独立的美国精神。

“迷惘的一代”和“垮掉的一代”在创作手法上无疑属于创新一代,他们都把生活方式与艺术风格相结合,把自己的经历、对时代的感受体现在作品中。

以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代’.在现实主义的基础上.借鉴了现代主义写作手法,独树一帜,以凯替亚为代表的“垮掉的一代”融合了现代主义或自然主义和现代主义.创作手法上也进行了大胆的尝试,他们在艺术上敢于冲破一切传统的羁绊.大胆创新这两代作家在创作手法上的共同点就是都或多或少地采用了现代主义的写作技巧来体现他们作品的主题。

“迷惘的一代”的文化之旅

58“迷惘的一代”的文化之旅“迷惘的一代”是指出现于20世纪20年代的美国文学界的一批作家。

虽然他们活跃的时间不长，但短短的十年里，群星荟萃的“迷惘的一代”作家们佳作频出，为美国文学史书写了灿烂的一页。

著名文学批评理论家特里·伊戈尔顿特别强调过文学的历史性。

历史语境对于解读“迷惘的一代”文学是至关重要的。

20世纪20年代刚从第一次世界大战中艰难走出，又陷入了1929年经济大萧条的泥沼。

这一时期也被公认为是美国进入“现代社会”的第一个十年。

在这期间，美国的文学青年们一方面承受了“一战”带来的严重心理创伤，另一方面，又感受到了“现代社会”带来的“现代意识”的冲击。

“迷惘的一代”处于一个这样的历史转型期，战争的创伤、社会的变化和经济的起落造成了认识上的冲撞和文化上的断裂，但也催生了一批富有反叛意识和改革欲望的新一代文化青年。

他们义无反顾地踏上了批判传统，寻找新的生活目标和价值观念的求索之路。

“迷惘的一代”作家们站在告别过去，面向未来的交汇处，在对陈腐的传统进行评价和思考的同时，也对将来的生活做了展望和尝试。

之所以称他们为“迷惘的一代”，是因为他们共同的两大特征：一是在作品中表现出的失落和迷惘的心绪；二是他们对文学传统的不屑以及对新的艺术表现形式的探求。

在这样一个特定的历史时期和文化语境下，通过“迷惘的一代”作家们的作品，我们能够了解这一时期青年知识分子的思想倾向、生活态度、社会观念和道德意识。

除了在历史语境中研究“迷惘的一代”，还可以从地域的角度来了解“迷惘的一代”的成长过程。

“迷文宋征李新瑞菲茨杰拉德T.S.艾略特惘的一代”作家们在冲破迷惘，化茧成蝶的过程中，并不是只坚守一个地方，他们的成长是经过了一个地理上的变迁最终完成的。

笔者就这一有趣的现象进行归纳梳理，力求探索“迷惘的一代”作家们整个文化之旅的前因后果，并试图分析他们是如何随着地域上的不断变迁，在思想、文学、文化方面逐渐走向成熟的。

从《太阳照常升起》中看“迷惘的一代”

恨、绝望，但从未丢失过自己的目标。
二、Ｃｋ阳照常升起》的内容简介
小说主人公杰克 ·巴恩斯是一名暂居巴黎的美国记者，
在一战中脊椎受伤，失去性能力。杰克爱上了离过两次婚的
英国女性勃莱特。故事开始，杰克和大学友人科恩在夜总会巧遇勃莱特，她向杰克倾诉了她的爱慕之情，但他们都知道
【关键词】迷惘的一代太阳照常升起分析人物内涵【中图分类号】１７１２【文献标识码】Ａ［文章编号】１００９－５３４９（２０１５）０４—００７７—０１
一、
“迷惘的一代 ”的简介
“迷惘的一代 ”是美国文学上的一个分支，出现于第一
常无规律的生活，失去生活的信仰。（李莉华，２００７：９５）
他们憎恨战争，认为自己的原始目标和信仰与战后的现实情
况格格不入。尽管我们可以在 “迷惘的～代 ”的作品中感受
到他们的悲观厌世，然而，在他们灵魂的深处，他们追求被战争伤害后的人性美。他们忧伤却不失去方向，充满了怨
他们难以维持长久的关系。而科 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้却对勃莱特一见钟情。杰
克和朋友比尔及科恩一起去西班牙看斗牛表演，却在潘普洛
纳遇到勃莱特和其未婚夫麦克。后来在一家旅馆，杰克把勃
莱特介绍给斗牛士罗梅罗，她一下子就被这个１９岁的体魄强
次世界大战之后。美国作家格 ·斯因泰对海明威说 “你们都

浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中迷惘的一代

浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中迷惘的一代作者：孙俊杰孙艳艳来源：《文教资料》2020年第21期摘; ; 要：《了不起的盖茨比》是“迷惘的一代”经典的中篇小说，小说男主人公盖茨比是“迷惘的一代”典型的人物形象，盖茨比追梦的过程可看作“迷惘的一代”的寓言。

盖茨比短短的一生都是为了圆梦，他为梦生为梦死，最后留下的只是无有。

穷奢极欲的世界里大胆追梦是盖茨比的悲哀，也是他的可贵之处。

本文透过《了不起的盖茨比》，从人物方面对“迷惘的一代”进行分析，肯定追梦精神的同时，让“迷惘的一代”生出认清现实的胆量。

关键词：《了不起的盖茨比》; ; 迷惘的一代; ; 盖茨比一、迷惘的一代及其背景1.迷惘的一代“迷惘的一代”一词出现于一战到二战期间，是时代环境造就的一代人，原意指一战前后发展起来的一代青年作家，他们对战后的世界充满失落与困惑，用叛逆思想和行为表达对现实的不满。

这个概念是由美国文学评论家格特鲁德·斯坦因提出的，她看到欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威低沉迷惘、醉生梦死，训诫他时这样说道：“你们就是这样的人。

你们全是这样的人，你们所有在战争中当过兵的人。

你们都是迷惘的一代……”1926年，海明威还将“你们都是迷惘的一代”写进他的第一部长篇小说《太阳照常升起》，作为这本书的题词[2]（19-21）。

而后，“迷惘的一代”成为一个作家群体的代名词，其中就包括海明威、菲茨杰拉德、考利和多斯·帕索斯等在内的一大批现已声名赫赫的作家和诗人。

“迷惘的一代”尽管只是一个短暂的潮流，但是它在美国文学历史上的地位是有目共睹的。

2.喧嚣的二十年代1925年是第一次世界大战结束的第七个年头，此时菲茨杰拉德创作的《了不起的盖茨比》问世。

书中描绘的二十世纪二十年代，就是一战结束后的1919年到美国经济大萧条之前的1929年，这十年是美国历史上一个短暂而特殊的时期，史称“喧嚣年代”[3]（55-58）。

第一次世界大战初期，一群二十岁左右齿少气锐的青年人怀着玫瑰色的幻想，抱着对美好生活的遐想，高举“捍卫世界民主”的旗帜，带着十字军东征的精神不甘人后地加入了战争，其中就有那些头脑里充满了理想主义的“迷惘的一代”作家[4]（193，292）。

海明威与迷惘的一代

1900-1938)
《天使，望故乡》（Look Homeward
Angel):
“我们中的哪一位不永远是陌生人并孑然一
身呢?”
——沃尔夫
“啊，迷惘，风声揪人心，鬼魂啊，归来
吧!”
——尤金
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海明威《太阳照样升起》
（The Sun Also Rises， 1926）：
在这场灾难中，孤独的人无能为力，就象“着了火的木头上的蚂蚁”，最终被烧死在火里。
二悲剧性的孤独个体二悲剧性的孤独个体悲剧的核心是主人公的孤独悲剧的核心是主人公的孤独弗莱弗莱批评的解剖批评的解剖海明威的人物大多是孤独的个体奋斗者海明威的人物大多是孤独的个体奋斗者除了除了丧钟为谁而鸣丧钟为谁而鸣外其他作品中的外其他作品中的主人公大多是独个承担痛苦独自面对苦主人公大多是独个承担痛苦独自面对苦难的孤独英雄难的孤独英雄他们独自面对战争的摧残他们独自面对战争的摧残命运的不公生活的不易
精选版课件ppt
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多斯帕索斯（John Dos Passos,18961970）《三个士兵》（Three Soldiers,1921）：揭露了战争如何摧残个人的美好理想与纯真的天性，如何驱使千万青年在战场上做毫无意义的牺牲，而且鲜明地表现出年轻一代对现实的失望情
绪。
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海明威
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二、强烈的厌战情绪
海明威：
第一次世界大战是“地球上前所未有的最大规模、最凶残、指挥最最糟糕的屠杀。谁不这样写，谁就是说谎。”
在这场战争中，“我可没见到什么神圣的东西，光荣的事物也没什么光荣，至于牺牲，那就好比芝加哥的屠宰场，所不同的是把肉拿来埋葬罢了。”

迷惘的一代名词解释(二)

迷惘的一代名词解释(二)迷惘的一代名词解释1. 迷惘的一代迷惘的一代，指的是当代年轻人面临各种社会、职业、人生选择时感到困惑和迷失的群体。

这一代人常常感到无法找到自己的方向和目标，对未来充满迷茫和困惑。

2. 选择困难症选择困难症是迷惘的一代经常面临的问题之一。

它指的是在面对多个选项时，人们很难做出明确的决策，并且对已经做出的选择常常感到焦虑和不安。

例如，一位大学毕业生面临就业选择时，面对众多职业和公司，常常感到无从下手，不知道选择哪条道路。

3. Quarter-life crisis（青年社会危机）Quarter-life crisis是指迷惘的一代在20多岁时面临的人生危机。

在这个阶段，这一代人对自己的职业发展和生活目标开始进行思考，并且常常陷入迷茫和焦虑的状态。

他们开始怀疑自己所做的选择是否正确，对未来感到困惑和不安。

4. 自我探索自我探索是迷惘的一代常常进行的一项活动。

他们希望通过了解自己的兴趣、优势和价值观，并试验不同的经历和角色，来找到自己的需求和激情所在。

例如，有些年轻人选择去旅行、参加志愿者活动或者尝试不同的工作岗位，以寻找适合自己的生活道路。

5. 择业焦虑择业焦虑指的是迷惘的一代在面临就业选择时感到的强烈焦虑和不安。

他们常常面临职业选择众多和不确定性高的现实，同时也经历着社会对于职业的期望和标准，因此对于找到一份满意的工作感到困难和压力。

6. 社交媒体焦虑社交媒体焦虑是指迷惘的一代在社交媒体上看到别人成功和美好的生活，自己因此感到压力和不满足。

他们常常陷入对比与焦虑的状态，觉得自己的生活不如他人，因此产生低自尊和不安全感。

以上是关于”迷惘的一代”的部分相关名词解释。

迷惘的一代面临许多困扰和困惑，但通过自我探索、面对择业焦虑和社交媒体焦虑，这一代人有望找到自己的方向和目标，实现真正的成长和发展。

迷惘的一代-作家自我流放原因再探

“迷惘的一代”作家自我流放原因再探“迷惘的一代＂作家自我流放原因再探虞建华’内容摘要：２０世纪２０年代被称为“迷惘的一代”的一批美国作家纷纷自我流放到法国巴黎，形成一个奇特的文化现象。

批评界往往将流放的动机合理化、逻辑化，使这一现象成为可以做出精确阐释的文化表态。

笔者将流行的解释归为“战争幻灭说”和“文化朝圣说”，并对此提出质疑，认为还有许多其他原因，如法郎贬值、格林尼治村的瓦解和新消费道德的形成等，共同造成了这一文化现象，其真实理由也许比一般认可的更复杂，但也更实际。

关键词：２０年代迷惘的一代自我流放流放，或日自我流放，是２０世纪２０年代美国文学的一大奇观。

一批在美国文学史上享有盛誉的作家和诗人，包括海明威、费茨杰拉德、安德森、多斯·帕索斯、艾略特、庞德、斯泰因、福克纳、威廉·卡洛斯－威廉姆斯、福特·麦道克斯·福特、理查德·赖特、马尔科姆·考利、埃德蒙·威尔逊等人，先后出走到法国巴黎。

作为一种文化现象，自我流放也为后来的批评家们所津津乐道。

他们用一个统一的标签插在这一批流放作家的头上．称之为“迷惘的一代”。

但是这批文化青年出走的动机是什么？他们自我流放到法国想表达什么意图、达到什么目的？对这些问题人们给过各种回答。

由于２０年代是美国文学史上重要的十年，也由于这批自我流放的作家经常处于关注的中心，更由于他们自己始终没有给过一个令人信服的“说　法”，于是，文史学家和批评家们做出种种努力，纷纷替他们“自圆其说”，进行合理化推导，使流放现象成为一种可以精确阐释的文化表态。

但这样做反而歪曲了事情的本来面貌。

我们常看到的各种各样对流放现象的解释，笔者主要归总为“战争幻灭说”和“文化朝圣说”ｏ。

这两条促成自我流放的理由是可以成立的，但笔者认为它们不是主要理由。

更不是全部理由。

自我流放是一种连流放者自己也难讲清的冲动和许多现实条件共同促成的，其真实原因要比逻辑的、理性的、甚至“高尚”的行为动机复杂得多。

迷惘的一代名词解释(一)

迷惘的一代名词解释(一)迷惘的一代名词解释1. 迷惘的一代•定义：迷惘的一代指的是当代青年群体，他们在现代社会中面临着种种困惑和迷茫。

•例子：迷惘的一代常常陷入对自我认同、人生意义和价值观等问题的思考和困惑。

例如，他们可能会面临职业选择困难、人际关系复杂和处事原则模糊等挑战，因而经历着一种迷失感和不确定感。

2. 职业迷茫•定义：职业迷茫指的是迷惘的一代在选择职业方向时感到困惑和不确定的状态。

•例子：比如，有些年轻人面临着巨大的职业选择压力，他们可能不清楚自己的兴趣、优势以及未来发展的方向，因而不知道如何选择适合自己的职业。

这种职业迷茫常常会导致他们感到困惑和不满足。

3. 人生意义•定义：人生意义指的是迷惘的一代对自己的人生存在和价值的探索和追求。

•例子：许多年轻人在现代社会中，面临着缺乏明确的生活目标和意义的问题。

他们对于自己的人生目标、追求和价值观常常感到迷茫。

例如，年轻人可能问自己：“我应该为了金钱和物质追求，还是应该追求内心的自我实现和个人成长？”这种人生意义上的困惑是迷惘的一代常遇到的挑战之一。

4. 數碼試煉•定义：数码试炼是指迷惘的一代在数字化时代中所面对的各种挑战和考验。

•例子：随着科技的迅猛发展，年轻人面临着互联网、社交媒体和虚拟世界等无处不在的数字化环境。

他们可能陷入对个人隐私保护、信息安全、网络成瘾以及虚拟人格与真实人格的界限等问题的思考和困惑。

这些数码试炼极大地影响了迷惘的一代的生活方式和价值观。

5. 自我实现•定义：自我实现指的是迷惘的一代追求个人内心深处的潜能和自我价值的过程。

•例子：许多年轻人在寻找为自己的生活赋予意义和满足感的道路时，突出了自我实现的追求。

例如，他们可能通过参与社会公益活动、追求创造性的工作、追寻个人兴趣爱好以及追求心流状态等方式，来实现自我价值与成长。

6. 价值观多元化•定义：价值观多元化指的是迷惘的一代在现代社会中面临多种多样、相对而言的价值观念和道德准则。

迷惘的一代名词解释

迷惘的一代名词解释在当代社会，有一个常常被提及的词汇，那就是“迷惘的一代”。

这个词汇源自于日本社会学家长谷川泉，他在20世纪80年代提出了这个概念，用以形容那些在现代社会中感到迷茫无措的年轻一代。

在本文中，我们将就这一词汇的含义及其背后的原因进行解释和探讨。

首先，需要明确的是，“迷惘的一代”并不是一个具体的年龄群体。

它描述的是一种心理状态，一种对未来充满疑虑和困惑、对自身能力和方向缺乏信心的心态。

这种心态往往出现在年轻人身上，但也可能伴随着他们的成长一直延续至中年甚至老年。

“迷惘的一代”所面临的困境源于现代社会的多重变革。

全球化的浪潮和技术的迅猛发展给当代年轻人带来了前所未有的机遇和选择。

然而，可选择的范围如此之广，以至于他们常常陷入选择困难和焦虑之中。

他们犹豫不决，担心错过了最好的选择，也担心自己的努力最终可能得不到应有的回报。

一方面，信息爆炸和社交媒体的普及使得年轻人接触到前所未有的知识和观点。

但另一方面，信息的泛滥也导致他们难以分辨真假、决策迷茫。

他们常常陷入到信息过载的困境中，感到难以找到真正有价值、有意义的事物。

此外，社交媒体的虚幻表象也常常使他们产生自我怀疑和不安。

在迅速变化的社会中，年轻人不再拥有那种“确定”的人生轨迹。

过去的规划和期望往往不再适用。

他们需要面对更多的选择和更大的不确定性。

这种不确定性常常使他们迷茫不安，不知道要如何抉择和前进。

此外，压力的增加也加剧了“迷惘的一代”的心理困窘。

竞争激烈的社会成为他们的心理负担。

无论是工作压力还是学业压力，都让他们感到提不起劲儿。

同时，经济发展的不稳定性也增加了他们面临失业或就业压力的担忧。

迷惘不仅仅是负面情绪的体现，它也是一种反省与成长的机会。

迷惘是对自己和生活的思考，是对既有模式与价值观的质疑。

正是在这种状况下，“迷惘的一代”逐渐发展了思考、自省、探索的品质，成为拥有独立思考能力和开拓精神的一代。

为了克服迷惘，年轻人需要积极应对和努力成长。

迷惘的一代名词解释

迷惘的一代名词解释美国文学(american literature 或 literature of the united states)指在美国产生的文学(也包括建国前殖民地时期的文学作品)。

用英语写成的美国文学可视为英语文学的一部分。

美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。

美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。

美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。

美国又是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。

美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。

美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。

美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。

美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。

美国又就是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌向，各自增添了本民族的文化，这同意了美国文学风格的多样性和繁杂性。

美国文学发展的过程就是不断汲取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。

许多美国作家源自社会下层，这使美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都比较浓郁，总的特点就是开朗、洒脱。

内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美国文学的另一特点。

个性自由与自我克制、清教主义与实用主义、激进与反动、反叛和顺从、高雅与庸俗、高级趣味与低级趣味、深刻与肤浅、积极进取与玩世不恭、明快与晦涩、犀利的讽刺与阴郁的幽默、精心雕琢与粗制滥造、对人类命运的思考和探索与对性爱的病态追求等倾向，不仅可以同时并存，而且形成强烈的对照。

从来没有一种潮流或倾向能够在一个时期内一统美国文学的天下。

美国作家敏感、好奇，往往是一个浪潮未落，另一浪潮又起。

作家们永远处在探索和试验的过程之中。

20世纪以来，许多文学潮流源于美国，给世界文学同时增添积极主动的与消极的影响。

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