英语派生词常用词缀
派生词
派生词派生法(derivation)是英语主要的构词法。
这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词(derivative words),主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。
前缀以否定前缀(negative prefixes)un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, mis-, mal-等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。
Ⅰ名词派生词Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;literacy→illiteracy;resolution→irresolution;interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.Ⅱ形容词派生词Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.Ⅲ动词派生词Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat;activate→inactivate;use→ill-use;mobilize→immobilize;manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.除了否定前缀之外,其他常用的前缀还有anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-等。
例如:anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(双边的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建议);de-emphasize(不强调);ex-president (前任会长);international(国际间的);monolingual(单语的);post-war (战后的);precaution(预先防备);pro-China(支持中国);re-state(重述);subhuman(低于人类的);superimpose(加在上面);trans-atlantic(横跨大西洋的);triangle(三角);ultra-smart(超能的)。
英语派生词大全
英语派生词大全一、派生词的定义。
派生词是由词根(root)加词缀(affix)构成的词。
词缀分为前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)。
前缀一般改变词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性,也可能改变意义。
二、常见前缀及其意义和示例。
1. un -(表示否定)- 词根:happy(形容词,快乐的)- 派生词:unhappy(形容词,不快乐的)。
这里“un -”加在“happy”前面,表示与“happy”相反的意义。
2. re -(表示再次、重新)- 词根:write(动词,写)- 派生词:rewrite(动词,重写)。
“re -”加在“write”前面,表示再次进行“write”这个动作。
3. dis -(表示否定、相反)- 词根:like(动词,喜欢)- 派生词:dislike(动词,不喜欢)。
“dis -”改变了“like”的意义,使其表示相反的动作。
4. in -(表示否定,在某些字母前变为im -、il -、ir -)- 词根:possible(形容词,可能的)- 派生词:impossible(形容词,不可能的)。
因为“possible”的首字母是“p”,所以用“im -”表示否定。
- 词根:legal(形容词,合法的)- 派生词:illegal(形容词,不合法的)。
“legal”首字母是“l”,用“il -”表示否定。
- 词根:regular(形容词,规则的)- 派生词:irregular(形容词,不规则的)。
“regular”首字母是“r”,用“ir -”表示否定。
5. pre -(表示在……之前)- 词根:view(名词,看法;动词,观看)- 派生词:preview(名词,预习;预演;预告片;动词,预习;预看;预演)。
“pre -”加在“view”前面,表示在正式“view”之前的动作或事物。
6. post -(表示在……之后)- 词根:war(名词,战争)- 派生词:post - war(形容词,战后的)。
派生词
派生词派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3 500多个英语单词。
因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
一、名词后缀1.动词+-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correct v.改正;纠正correction n.改正celebrate v.庆祝celebration n.庆祝;庆祝会conclude v.完成;结束c onclusion n.结论;结束2.动词+-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v.驾驶开车;驱赶driver n.司机;驾驶员gather v.聚集;采集gatherer n.收集者;采集者conduct v.指挥;管理conductor n.指挥;售票员3.动词+-ment→名词punish v.惩罚punishment n.惩罚4.动词/形容词+-th→名词warm adj.温暖的w armth n.温暖grow v.生长growth n.生长5.形容词+-y→名词difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n.困难honest adj.诚实的honesty n.诚实6.形容词+-ness→名词kind adj.善良的kindness n.善良7.动词+-ance→名词annoy v t.使烦恼annoyance n.生气;烦恼8.-ship结尾的名词(表示身份;关系;资格) member n.成员;会员 membership n.会员资格professor n.教授professorship n.教授身份9.-ing结尾的名词garden n.花园gardening n.园艺greet v.打招呼;问候greetings n.问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFrom the 1.________________ (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2. ________________ (impress) on her and if shewon the 3. ________________ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. ________________ (organize), he could not get her 5. ________________ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. ________________ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. ________________ (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. ________________ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. ____________ (help)! I’m sure I will be the 10. ___________ (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was really a hard time when Li Ping firstcame to the United States.His 1. ________________ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. ________________ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3. ________________ (die) of the poor baby.4. ________________ (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5. ________________ (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6. ________________ (brave) and 7. ________________ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. ________________ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________________ (settle). He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10. ________________ (happy) and success.二、形容词后缀1.常见形容词后缀(1)名词+-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”,“与……有关”)agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词+-ive→形容词decide v.决定;下决心d ecisive adj.决定性的;关键的(3)动词+-able→形容词(表示“能够”,“适于”,“值得”)change v.变化;兑换changeable adj.易变的;变化无常的(4)名词+-ful→形容词care n.小心;关心careful adj.小心的;仔细的(5)名词+-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心;关心 careless adj.粗心的(6)名词+-ly→形容词friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的(7)名词+-y→形容词dirt n.污物;脏物d irty adj.脏的(8)名词+-ous→形容词danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的2.复合形容词的构成(1)形容词+-ing分词easy-going 随和的(2)形容词+名词+-ed k ind-hearted 善良的;好心的(3)名词+-ed分词water-covered 被水覆盖的(4)副词+-ed分词well-written 写得好的(5)数词+名词+-ed t hree-legged 三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的意思1.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck —of fate, really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2.The good working condition in this city is attractive.()3.You can rely on him because he is reliable.()4.Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.()5.It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.()Ⅱ.语篇填空A:用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1. ________________(communicate). She is 2. ________________(act) in answering the teachers’ questions and from time to time herclassmates find her answers quite 3. ________________(impress) and 4. ________________ (accept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5. ________________ (create) and 6. ________________ (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. ________________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8. ________________ (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9. ________________ (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10. ________________ (fame) girl in her school.B:运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was far-reaching amongst snow-covered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no ________________ (说英语的) people live.The local people are ________________ (相貌好看的), ________________ (随和的) and ________________ (勤劳的).Our hostess was ________________ (年老的),________________ (白发苍苍的) and ________________ (被太阳晒伤的). She gave me ________________ (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking ________________ (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very ________________ (著名) and ________________ (广泛流传) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the ________________ (准备好了的) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1.前缀-en+形容词→动词enrich v.丰富enlarge v.变大;增大;扩大2.形容词+-en→动词shorten v.缩短 widen v.加宽3.-fy结尾的动词simplify v.简化c lassify v.归类4.-ize结尾的动词realize v.认识到 popularize v.普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线部分的意思1.Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.()2. The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship.()3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.()4.You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.()Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Try your best to ________________ (memory) these new words.2.The question must be ________________ (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3.It costs a lot of money if we plan to________________ (pure) the waste water.4.He ________________ (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5.You can ________________(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1.表示否定意义的前缀un-不,非unable不能够unlucky 不幸的dis-不,非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in-不,非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im-不,非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir-不,非irregular 不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il-不,非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non-不,非nonexistent不存在的nonstop 直达的;连续不断的mis-错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis-+动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree 不同意un-+动词(意义相反)uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服2.表示否定意义的后缀名词+-less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处;用途useless adj.无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的home n.家homeless adj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文,写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1.__________________________ 2.______ ____________________ 3.___ _______________________4.____________________________ 5._______ _____________________Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)The speech seemed to be 1. ________________ (stop) and the listeners became very 2. ________________ (patient). When the speaker said that oil was 3. ________________ (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was 4. ________________ (practice) and 5. ________________ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6. ________________ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without thesemodern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7. ________________ (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some 8. ________________ (understand).So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。
常见英语派生词词缀
17. -ate eg. passionate, considerate, fortunate 18. –some eg. troublesome, tiresome, handsome
19. –ic / ical eg. idealistic, magical, classic, identical 20.-ing/ -ed eg. exciting, excited, heart-breaking, heart-broken
8. –age eg. linkage, carriage, marriage
People 人
1. -er/or/ar (动作的发出者,主动) eg. employer, worker, sailor, successor, beggar, liar 2. –ee (动作的承受者,被动) eg. employee, trainee, divorcee, interviewee 3. –ist (专家,擅长者;某主义者) eg. artist, bicyclist, socialist, capitalist 4. –eer (同-er) eg. volunteer, pioneer, engineer, mountaineer
eg. biology, psychology, geology, zoology 3. -graphy
eg. geography, photography, oceanography
疾病 illness
1. –itis (炎症) eg. arthritis, appendicitis, tonsillitis
Words formed with 2 or more simple words.
eg. blackboard,dinner-table, classmates
英语词根词缀小结
英语词根词缀小结英语单词很多都是派生词,记住一些词根和词缀对扩大词汇量有很大帮助。
Prefixes:(前缀)Meaning: (意义)Example: (例词)1.be- to make, cause to be becalm, belittle2. out- beyond outnumber, outsize3. fore- before, far (away) foretell, foreword4. mal- bad, evil maltreat, malfunction5. extra- outside, outward extrasolar, extraofficial6. plac- to please, appease,soothe placate, placid7. ambi- both ambiguous, ambit8. pseudo- false pseudonym, pseudology9. hyper- above, beyond hypersensitive, hyperoxide10. hypo- under, beneath, down hyposensitize, hypotension11. mis- wrong, unfavorable misuse, mispolicy12. de- away, from, negative decentre, decompose, deform13. eu- good eugenics, euphonic14. di- two dichotomy, diatomic15. dif- away, apart diffract, diffuse16. ad-, al- to, toward adhere, allote17. e-, ex- out eject, exclude, exit18. ab- away, from absent, absorption19. com-, con-, col-,co- together, with commemorate, conference20. in-, im-, in, into, on intake, import21. in-, im-, il-, ir- not invisible, impossibleillogical, irregular22. micro- small microwave23. pre- before prehistoric, preschool24. re-, retro- backward, back, behind return, retroact25. ante- before anteroom, antetype26. circum- around circumstance, circumaviate27. contra, anti- against, opposite contradict, antiwar28. inter- between international, interstate29. intro-, intra- within introspection30.sub-, suc-, suf-, under substandard, succeed, suffix,sug-, sup-, sus- suggest, supplement, suspend31,super-, supra-, sur- above, over supermarket, supranatioal,surface32. tra-, trans- across tradition, transplant33. a-, an- no, without, lacking atypical, anelectric34. bene- well benefit35. bi- two bicycle,bilingual36. multi- manymulticolor,multilingual37. semi- half semicircle,semi-official38. tri- three triangular, tricar39.uni- one uniform40. re- again retell, rewrite Suffixes:(后缀)1. (n.) -age state, quality,act shortage, advantage2. (n.) -er, -or one who writer, actor3. (n.) -tion, -ation conditon, the act of pollution, education4. (n.) -ance, ancy state, quality, act importance, performance. (n.) -ence, ency confidence, frequency5. (n.) -ant, -ent one who, that which applicant, correspondent6. (n.) -crat a person connected with democrat7. (adj.\n.) - arian variously denoting age, humanitarian, vegetariansec-social belief of oc-cupation,having the quality of8. (n.) -ee the one who (passive) employee, examinee9. (n.) -er\-or the one who (active) employer, examiner10.(n.) -al act arrival, survival (adj.) of national, political11. (adj.) -able, ible, -ble capable of, fit for lovable,edible12.(adj.) -ous, ious, ose full of, of the nature of dangerous, curious13. (v.) -en to make deepen, widen(adj.) having the quality of golden, wooden14. (v.) -fy to make beautify, simplify15. (v.) -ize\-ise to make modernize, popularize16.(adj.) -ic relating to, having the nature poetic, logic17.(n.) -ism the thing which,action or tourism,criticismpractice, state or condition(n.) -ist one who dentist, tourist 18. (n.\adj.) -oid like, resembling spheroid, crystalloid19.(adj.) -ful having the quality of cheerful20.(adj.) -ish related to, like childish, selfish21 .(adj.) -ite related to definite22.(n.)-ia disease, state, quality hysteria, militia23.(n.) –ster a person of a certain type songster, roadster24. (n.) –ship state, quality, rank friendship, leadership25. .(n.) –ary\ory a place for library, lavatory26. (v.) -fy cause to become pury, simplify27. (n.) –arium a place for aquarium, auditorium-orium28. (n.) –cracy rule by, rule of democracy, bureaucracy29. (v.) –ate cause to become liberate, fascinate30. (n.) -age amount of mileage, tonnage31. (n.) –ery state, qaulity, act robbery, scenery, refinery32. (n.) –hood state, quality neighborhood, falsehood33. (n.) –ity state, quality density, maturity34. (adj.) –ose abounding in, full of glucose, verbose(adj.)35. (adj.) –some showing a stated quality troublesome, fearsome36. (adj.) –y state, quality, act smoky, jealousy, inquiry37. (adj.) –wise in the manner of clockwisein the direction of sidewise38 (n.) –et, -let, -en little, smallRoots: (词根)1. –ag-, -act- do, drive activate, agitate2. –audi-, -audit- hear audible, auditorium3. –chron- time chronic, chronometer4. –dic-, -dict- say, speak indicate, predict5. –graph-,-gram- write, writing photograph, telegram6.-log- -ology speech, word, study dialogue, biology7. –metr-,-meter measure micrometer8. –phon- sound telephone9. –scop- see, look at macroscopic10. –scope- instrument for seeing microscope, baroscopeor observing11. –scrib-, -script- write, writing describe, transcript12. –spect- look at spectator13. –chrom- color polychrome, chromatic14. –duc- leadinduce,introduce15. –flect- bend deflect16. –mit-, -miss- send, let go transmit, emission17. –port- carry, take portable, transportation18. –alter-, -al-, -all- other alternate, alien, parallel19. –am- love amiable20. –anim- spirit, mind, lifeanimate,animism21. –spir- breathe respiratory22. –tele- far telegram23. –vene-, -vent- come adventure24. –voc-, -vok- call vociferous25. –cap-, -cip-, take, hold captive, recipient-cept-, -ceive- except, perceive26. –cede-, -ceed-, -cess- go, move, yieldprecedence,processor27. –cent- hundred percent28. –pod-, -ped- foot tripod, pedal29. –therm-, -thermo- heat thermos30. -ver(i)- true verify31. –arch(y)- chief, first archbishop32. –fac(t)-, -fec(t)- make, do factual, perfect33. –gam- marriage monogamy34. –man-, -manu- hand manuscript35. –path(o)- ,-pathy- felling, suffering, disease pathology, sympathy36. –bio- life biology37. –aster-, -astro- star astronomy38. –cycle- circle cyclometer , bicycle39. –mega- great megadeath40. –mort- death mortality41. –psych(o)- mind psychology42. -soph- wise sophiscate43. –puls- to drive, push impulse44. -nat- to be born nativity, nature45. –opt- choose, best option, opt46. –fract-, -frag- to break fracture, fragile47. –cav- care cave, cavity48.-tor- twist tortuous, distort49. -bene- good, well benefit50. –fid- faith confidence, confide51. –nov- new novelty, innovate52. –vac(u)-, -vac- empty vacancy, vacuum53. –gen- origin, birth, race, kind genetic,genocide54. –vers-, -vert- change, turn convert, reversal55. –equ- equal equation, subequal56. –voc-, -vok- voice, cry vocal, provoke57. –par- equal parity, imparity58. –pend-, -pens- hang, weigh, pay pendant, pensile, append59. –libra- balance, weight, pound libra, librate, libratory60. –anim- mind, life, alive animation, inanimate61. –capit- head capitate62, -corp- body corps, corporate 63. –derm- skin dermic, hypoderm 64, -ge(o)- earth geology, hypogeum65. –hydr(o)- water, liquid hydroelectric, dehydrate66. –lith- stone lithology, zoolith67. –viv-, -vit- live, life vivid, revive, vital68. –cred(o)- believe credible, credit69. –sect- cut section, bisect70. –flu(o)- flow fluid, influx71. –carn- fleshcarnivore,carnivorous72. –fus- pour, melt fuse, fusion73. –sim- similar, copy similar74. –ject- throw eject, project, inject75. –miser- wretched misery, miserable76. –vacillo swing back and forth vacillate77. –nego- deny, negative negate, negativityThe EndLi Minye Sept.4, 2011。
派生词英语词典
派生词英语词典
《派生词是指通过在一个词的基础上添加前缀、后缀或者进行词形变化等方式形成的新词。
以下是一些常见的派生词及其解释:
1. 前缀派生词:
Unhappy(不快乐):un-(否定前缀)+ happy(快乐)
Misunderstand(误解):mis-(错误前缀)+ unde rstand(理解)
Preheat(预热):pre-(前缀)+ heat(加热)
2. 后缀派生词:
Teacher(老师):teach(教)+ -er(职业后缀)
Beautiful(美丽的):beauty(美)+ -ful(形容词后缀)
Happily(快乐地):happy(快乐)+ -ly(副词后缀)
3. 同根词派生:
Nation(国家):national(国家的),nationality(国籍)
Child(孩子):childish(孩子气的),childhood(童年)
4. 合成词派生:
Breakfast(早餐):break(打破)+ fast(快速)
Raincoat(雨衣):rain(雨)+ coat(外套)
请注意,这仅是派生词的一些例子,实际上英语中有很多不同的派生方式和规则。
如果需要更详细的派生词解释,可以查询英语词典或在线词典,如Merriam-Webster或Oxford Engl ish Dictionary。
英语派生词的构成
英语派生词的构成一、派生词的定义。
派生词是由词根(root)加上词缀(affix)构成的新词。
词缀分为前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)。
二、前缀构成派生词。
1. 表示否定意义的前缀。
- “un -”- 例如:“happy”(快乐的)加上“un -”变成“unhappy”(不快乐的)。
这里“un -”改变了原词“happy”的意义,从肯定的“快乐”变为否定的“不快乐”。
- “in -”(在某些字母前会有变体,如“im -”“il -”“ir -”)- 以“possible”(可能的)为例,加上“im -”(因为“p”开头,所以用“im -”这个变体)变成“impossible”(不可能的)。
“regular”(规则的)加上“ir -”变成“irregular”(不规则的),“legal”(合法的)加上“il -”变成“illegal”(不合法的)。
2. 表示相反动作的前缀。
- “dis -”- 像“like”(喜欢)加上“dis -”成为“dislike”(不喜欢)。
“agree”(同意)加上“dis -”变为“disagree”(不同意)。
3. 表示其他意义的前缀。
- “re -”表示“再次、重新”- 例如“write”(写)加上“re -”变成“rewrite”(重写)。
“build”(建造)加上“re -”成为“rebuild”(重建)。
三、后缀构成派生词。
1. 名词后缀。
- “- er”“- or”表示“……的人或物”- 如“teach”(教)加上“- er”变成“teacher”(教师)。
“act”(行动)加上“- or”成为“actor”(演员)。
- “- ness”表示“性质、状态”- 例如“kind”(善良的)加上“- ness”变成“kindness”(善良)。
“happy”(快乐的)加上“- ness”成为“happiness”(幸福)。
- “- tion”“- sion”表示“动作、状态、结果等”- 像“act”(行动)加上“- ion”变成“action”(行动)。
45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词
1. 介绍后缀的作用后缀是英语中非常常见的一种词缀,它通常用于改变词的词性、词义或者构成新的单词。
在英语中,有很多种后缀,它们可以用于构成形容词、名词、动词等不同词性的单词,丰富了英语词汇的表达方式。
2. -able/-ible 后缀这个后缀表示“可以……的”,它是形容词后缀,如fortable(舒适的)、responsible(负责的)、visible(可见的)。
3. -al/-ial 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,可以构成名词或形容词,如:professional (专业的)、historical(历史的)、essential(重要的)。
4. -ate 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,可以构成名词或动词,如:candidate(候选人)municate(交流)、calculate(计算)。
5. -ful 后缀这个后缀表示“充满……的”,通常用于构成形容词,如:helpful (有帮助的)、powerful(强大的)、beautiful(美丽的)。
6. -ic 后缀这个后缀表示“……的”,通常用于构成形容词或名词,如:historic(历史性的)、basic(基本的)、music(音乐)。
7. -ing 后缀这个后缀通常构成现在分词,表示正在进行的行为或状态,如:running(跑步的)、exciting(令人兴奋的)、amazing(令人惊讶的)。
8. -ism 后缀这个后缀通常构成名词,表示某种思想或者行为方式,如:racism (种族主义)、feminism(女权主义)、alcoholism(酗酒)。
9. -ity/-ty 后缀这个后缀通常构成名词,表示某种状态或性质,如:identity(身份)、creativity(创造力)、opportunity(机会)。
10. -ly 后缀这个后缀通常构成副词,表示方式或者程度,如:quickly(快速地)、carefully(小心地)、happily(幸福地)。
英语构词法中的派生法
英语构词法中的派生法派生法(derivation): 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或相反的词。
前缀(prefix): 一般改变意义,不改变词性。
表示否定的:dis-, like---dislike, appear---disappear, agree---disagree,cover---discover,il-, legal---illegal, literate---illiterate;im-, possible---impossible, polite---impolite,mortal-immortal;in-, correct---incorrect, direct---indirect, complete---incomplete;ir-, regular-irregular, relative---irrelative,revocable---irrevocable, capable of being revoked; able to be cancelled, revoke: (transitive) to take back or withdraw; cancel; rescind ? to revoke a law2. (intransitive) cardsto break a rule of play by failing to follow suit when able to do so; renege,renege. (intransitive; often foll by on) to go back (on one's promise, etc)mis-,“错误,坏” take---mistake, understand---misunderstand, fortune---misfortune, lead---mislead, mischievous;mal-, “坏,恶的”function---malfunction, maladroit笨拙的(mal+adroit灵巧的) adjective 1. skilful or dexterous 2. quick in thought or reaction, malevolent恶意的(male+vol意志+ent→坏意志) 1. wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; malicious 2. astrology having an evil influence;non-,“不,非”’ fiction---non-fiction, non-cooperation, non-negotiable, non-stop直达的,non-profit, non-commercial;un-, “不,非”happy---unhappy, fair---unfair, like---unlike(不像),certain-uncertain,known-unknown,usual-unusual,important-unimportant, accessable---unaccessable, accountable---unaccountable, fold-unfold,前缀a-,① 加在单词或词根前面,表示”不,无,非”, acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的) asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的) ;amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意:immoral apolitical.不关政治的(a+political政治的) anemia 反常的(a+nomal正常的+ous)② 加在单词前,表示”在…,…的” ,asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉),aside 在边上(a+side旁边),ahead 在前地(a+head头),alive 活的(a+live活) awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗),alike(相似的,一样的);前缀中的:anti-, “反对,抵抗, against,opposed to,opposite of,instead”,anti-war, antitrust, antibiotic, antioxidant,antibody, antigen, anti-semitic等;auto-, “自动的,self, personally, 表示自己”,automate, automation 自动化,autograph 亲笔,autoalarm 自动报警器,autocriticism 自我批评,autorotation自动旋转,autobiography 自传,autonomous [??'tɑ?n?m?s]a. 自治的;automatic, automatically, autonomy, automobile,automated, autopsy, autograph亲笔签名,手稿, automotive, ,autocrat 独裁者,autocracy,automata, automaton, autoclave, automaker, autoindex自动索引;co-, “共同”,coworker, collegiate, colleague, cooperate;en-, “使”,enlarge, encourage, enhance, enable, enact, enroll, encompass,inter-,“相互,between在---之间”,international, internet, interview, intercontinental洲际的,interchange, interfere, interrupt, interpose,mini-, “小”,minibus, ,miniskirt, miniature, minify, minimum, minimal最低限度的,pre-,“在---之前”,pre-school, pre-reading, preview,precede v. to go or be before (someone or something) in time, place, rank, etc, precedent. a. If there is a precedent for an action or event, it has happened before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it again.president, precedent. unprecedented.re-, “再,又,重复”, repeat, rewrite, retell, return, review, rebound, reflect, reclaimsub-,“在下面”,subway, subordinate, submarine, suburban(urban城区),subconscious,subscribe,super-“超,在---之上”,supermarket, superman, superstar, supersonic, superficial, supervise, supernatural,tele-,“远”,telephone, telescope, television, telecommunication, telegram,后缀(suffix): 通常使词由一种词类转化为另一种词类。
100多个常用英语派生词
100多个常用英语派生词派生词是指通过添加前缀、后缀、变换词形等方式,从一个基础词派生出来的新词。
在英语中,派生词广泛应用于各个领域,丰富了词汇量并增加了语言表达的灵活性。
下面是100多个常用的英语派生词,希望对你的英语学习有所帮助。
1. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)2. Comfortable (舒适) - Uncomfortable (不舒适)3. Possible (可能) - Impossible (不可能)4. Responsible (负责任) - Irresponsible (不负责任)5. Successful (成功) - Unsuccessful (不成功)6. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)7. Legal (合法) - Illegal (非法)8. Perfect (完美) - Imperfect (不完美)9. Regular (定期) - Irregular (不定期)10. Polite (礼貌) - Impolite (不礼貌)11. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)12. Active (活跃) - Inactive (不活跃)13. Clear (清晰) - Unclear (不清晰)14. Sensitive (敏感) - Insensitive (不敏感)15. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)16. Honest (诚实) - Dishonest (不诚实)17. Secure (安全) - Insecure (不安全)18. Legal (合法) - Illegal (非法)19. Respectful (尊重) - Disrespectful (不尊重)20. Understandable (可理解) - Incomprehensible (不可理解)21. Successful (成功) - Unsuccessful (不成功)22. Satisfying (满意) - Dissatisfying (不满意)23. Capable (有能力) - Incapable (无能力)24. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)25. Effective (有效) - Ineffective (无效)26. Comfortable (舒适) - Uncomfortable (不舒适)27. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)28. Beautiful (美丽) - Ugly (丑陋)29. Friendly (友好) - Unfriendly (不友好)30. Similar (相似) - Dissimilar (不相似)31. Careful (小心) - Careless (粗心)32. Famous (著名) - Infamous (臭名昭著)33. Valuable (有价值) - Worthless (无价值)34. Natural (自然) - Unnatural (不自然)35. Responsible (负责任) - Irresponsible (不负责任)36. Accurate (准确) - Inaccurate (不准确)37. Sensible (明智) - Senseless (愚蠢)38. Appropriate (适当) - Inappropriate (不适当)39. Constructive (建设性) - Destructive (破坏性)40. Generous (慷慨) - Stingy (小气)41. Active (活跃) - Inactive (不活跃)42. Positive (积极) - Negative (消极)43. Knowledgeable (有知识) - Ignorant (无知)44. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)45. Kind (友善) - Unkind (不友善)46. Regular (定期) - Irregular (不定期)47. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)48. Polite (礼貌) - Impolite (不礼貌)49. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)50. Clear (清晰) - Unclear (不清晰)51. Sensitive (敏感) - Insensitive (不敏感)52. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)53. Honest (诚实) - Dishonest (不诚实)54. Secure (安全) - Insecure (不安全)55. Legal (合法) - Illegal (非法)56. Respectful (尊重) - Disrespectful (不尊重)57. Successful (成功) - Unsuccessful (不成功)58. Satisfying (满意) - Dissatisfying (不满意)59. Capable (有能力) - Incapable (无能力)60. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)61. Effective (有效) - Ineffective (无效)62. Comfortable (舒适) - Uncomfortable (不舒适)63. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)64. Beautiful (美丽) - Ugly (丑陋)65. Friendly (友好) - Unfriendly (不友好)66. Similar (相似) - Dissimilar (不相似)67. Careful (小心) - Careless (粗心)68. Famous (著名) - Infamous (臭名昭著)69. Valuable (有价值) - Worthless (无价值)70. Natural (自然) - Unnatural (不自然)71. Responsible (负责任) - Irresponsible (不负责任)72. Accurate (准确) - Inaccurate (不准确)73. Sensible (明智) - Senseless (愚蠢)74. Appropriate (适当) - Inappropriate (不适当)75. Constructive (建设性) - Destructive (破坏性)76. Generous (慷慨) - Stingy (小气)77. Active (活跃) - Inactive (不活跃)78. Positive (积极) - Negative (消极)79. Knowledgeable (有知识) - Ignorant (无知)80. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)81. Kind (友善) - Unkind (不友善)82. Regular (定期) - Irregular (不定期)83. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)84. Polite (礼貌) - Impolite (不礼貌)85. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)86. Clear (清晰) - Unclear (不清晰)87. Sensitive (敏感) - Insensitive (不敏感)88. Happy (快乐) - Unhappy (不快乐)89. Honest (诚实) - Dishonest (不诚实)90. Secure (安全) - Insecure (不安全)91. Legal (合法) - Illegal (非法)92. Respectful (尊重) - Disrespectful (不尊重)93. Successful (成功) - Unsuccessful (不成功)94. Satisfying (满意) - Dissatisfying (不满意)95. Capable (有能力) - Incapable (无能力)96. Reliable (可靠) - Unreliable (不可靠)97. Effective (有效) - Ineffective (无效)98. Comfortable (舒适) - Uncomfortable (不舒适)99. Patient (有耐心) - Impatient (不耐心)100. Beautiful (美丽) - Ugly (丑陋)这些派生词不仅能够帮助你扩展英语词汇量,还能让你更好地理解词义和词形变化。
构词法中的派生词
构词法中的派生词构词法是语言学中的一个重要分支,研究的是词汇的形成和变化规律。
在构词法中,派生是一种常见的词形变化方式,通过增加前缀、后缀或者进行词干的内部变化,形成新的派生词,丰富了词汇的含义和形式。
本文将探讨构词法中的派生词,并举例说明其应用场景。
一、前缀派生词前缀派生是指在词根前面加上特定的前缀,以形成新的词汇。
常见的前缀包括un-、dis-、re-等。
1. un-前缀派生词un-前缀表示否定、反向的含义,使原词的意思相反或相对。
例如:- happy(快乐的)→ unhappy(不快乐的)- lock(锁)→ unlock(解锁)2. dis-前缀派生词dis-前缀表示否定、相反的含义,有时也表示分离、除去等意思。
例如:- agree(同意)→ disagree(不同意)- appear(出现)→ disappear(消失)3. re-前缀派生词re-前缀表示再次、重新的含义,常用于表示反复或重复的动作。
例如:- build(建造)→ rebuild(重建)- print(打印)→ reprint(重新印刷)二、后缀派生词后缀派生是指在词根后面加上特定的后缀,以形成新的词汇。
常见的后缀包括-er、-able、-ize等。
1. -er后缀派生词-er后缀常用于名词和动词的转化,表示施动者、从事者或物体的属性。
例如:- sing(唱歌)→ singer(歌手)- teach(教学)→ teacher(教师)2. -able后缀派生词-able后缀常用于形容词和动词的转化,表示具有某种性质或能力。
例如:- understand(理解)→ understandable(可理解的)- comfort(安慰)→ comfortable(舒适的)3. -ize后缀派生词-ize后缀常用于动词的转化,表示使某事发生或成为某种状态。
例如:- modern(现代的)→ modernize(使现代化)- organize(组织)→ organize(组织化)三、词干内部变化除了前缀和后缀的派生方式外,还有一种常见的派生方式是通过词干内部的变化来形成新的词汇,包括变音、变位等形式。
英语构词法常用的词根词缀总结
英语词汇构词法及相应的词根词缀构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有其清晰严谨的构造形式,本身有规律可循。
利用构词法记忆单词,可以记忆成串、举一反三。
构词法已在历届高考试题量应用。
掌握和运用构词法,对高考取得好成绩有一定的保证。
英语最根本的构词法有三种:派生(Derivation),合成(pounding)和转化(Conversion)。
1. 派生法(也称词缀法)派生法(也称词缀法),即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。
添加在词根前面的构成局部叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。
添加在词根后面的构成局部叫后缀,它改变了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。
如:以形容词happy(幸福的)为词根,加前缀un-就是其反义词unhappy(不幸的);加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式happily(幸福地);加后缀ness,就是其名词形式happiness (幸福)。
同样还可以得到unhappily和unhappiness。
再如:动词care(关心),加后缀-ful,就是其形容词形式careful(细心的),接着再加上后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carefully(仔细地);如果在care后加-ness,就是其名词形式careness(小心);在它的后边再加上-less,就是careful的反义词careless(粗心的),如果在careless后加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carelessly(粗心地),在careless后加后缀-ness,就是careless的名词形式carelessness(粗心) 。
前缀、后缀是构词的要素,具有一定的作用和意义。
懂得了前后缀的含义,就容易了解由前(后)缀和词根结合而成的单词的意义。
现把英语中我们常见的前后缀列举如下:1)前缀anti-反对: antisocial反社会的auto-自: automobile小汽车,autonomy自治bi-双: biannual 一年两次的, bicycle自行车by-在旁:bystander 旁观者, by-product副产品co- 同: co-operation合作,co-existence共处,co-worker同事counter-反:counter-attack反攻,counter-revolutionary反革命的dis-否认,除去: discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱en-使成为: enable使能够,enslave奴役, encourage鼓励extra-外: extraordinary非常的,格外的for-,fore-,先,前,预: forward向前,foresee 预见,forearm前臂,foretaste先尝for-禁,弃: forbid制止,forget忘记,forgo放弃in-,il-,im-,ir-不,非: informal非正式的,inplete不完全的,indefinite不定的,illegal非法的,immoral不道德的,irregular不规那么的inter-间,相互:internationalism国际主义,interview会见micro-微: microscope显微镜,microfilm微型胶片mid-中:midday 中午,midnight夜半,mid-autumn中秋的mis-误: misunderstand 误会,misuse误用,misfortune不幸non-非,不:non-moral非道德围的,nonsense胡言,nonexistent不存在的post-后于: postwar战后的pre-先于: prewar战前的re-重,再,复: rewrite重写, return返回, review复习super-上,超: superman超人,supermarket 超级商场tele-远: telephone,telescope望远镜,television电视un-不: unable不能的,unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的vice-副:vice-chairman副主席,vice-premier副总理2)后缀-age状态,集合: marriage婚姻, shortage缺少,village 村庄-an人: American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利籍,African 非洲人-ation,-ition动作,状态:determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation准备,petition竞争,repetition重复-dom状态,领界: freedom自由,kingdom王国-eer人: engineer工程师,volunteer志愿者-er人,动作者:fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,thinker思想家,harvester收割机-ese人,语言:Chinese中国人,中文, Japanese日本人,日文-ess女性:actress女演员,princess公主,goddess女神-hood身分,境遇,状态: childhood 童年,womanhood女性-ian人: musician音乐家, guardian卫护者, Christian基督教徒-ism主义,教:munism共产主义,socialism社会主义,revisionism修正主义-ist主义者,人: munist共产主义者, artist 艺术家-ity (抽象名词): possibility 可能性, ability能力,equality平等-man人: Englishman英国人,英格兰人, postman邮递员-ment运动,结果: movement运动,development开展,judgement判断-ness状态,性质:kindness和蔼,carefulness小心,correctness正确,tiredness疲倦-or人,动作者: actor男演员,visitor者-ship状态,身份: friendship友谊,radeship同志之友谊,sportsmanship 体育道德,hardship苦难-sion动作,状态: tension紧状态,revision修订-tion动作,状态: attention注意,action行动-less无:fearless 无所畏惧的,careless 不小心的,useless 无用的,meaningless无意义的-ly品质,的: radely 同志般的, friendly 友好的, weekly 每星期的-some引起,适于,易于: troublesome 烦人的,tiresome 令人感到厌倦的2. 合成法(也称复合法)把两个单词或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法。
2020高考英语拓展词根词缀派生词
@NIT 2018-4-15 14:01:51英语常见派生词一、常见前缀1. anti- “反、抗、阻、排斥” anti-bacterial 抗菌的anti-body 抗体anti-fascist反法西斯主义者anti-gas 防毒气的anti-imperialist 反帝的anti-Japanese War 抗日战争anti-popular 反人民的anti-virus 抗病毒2. auto- “自动的、自己的” autoalarm 自动报警器autobiographer 自传autocoder 自动编码器autography亲笔签名automatically自动地automobile 汽车、机动车3. bi- “二”bi-century 两百年的bicycle 自行车bilingual 双语的bi-monthly 双月的binocular 双目的、双筒的bioxide 二氧化物4. co- “共同、一起”coauthor 合著者之一coheir 共同继承人co-operation 合作5. counter- “反、逆” counteragent 反作用剂counter-attack 反击countercharge 反诉、反告countercurrent 逆向电流counterrevoluntionist反革命分子countermarch 反向行进countermine 反水雷的水雷counterproposal 反提案counterspy 反间谍6. de- “离开、否定、减少”decentralize 分散decentre 使离开中心decompose分解decontrol 解除对...的管制decrease 减少deform 使变形degrade 使降级depress 压下、降低desalt 除去...的盐分devalue 降低价值7. dis- “否定或相反”disable 使无能disability 无能disadvantage 缺点、弱势disagree 不同意disappear 消失disapprove 不赞同disarrange 使混乱discharge 卸disclose 揭开discolor 使褪色、污染disconnect 分离discontinuous 不连续的discontinue 中止discount 折扣discourage 使泄气discover 发现diseconomy 不景气disengage 解除disfavour 不喜欢、不赞成、反感disillusion 使幻灭、醒悟disloyal 不忠诚的disobedient 不服从的disorder 混乱disorganize瓦解8. en- , em- “使……,加强”embitter 使痛苦enable 使能够enclose 包围enchain 使…… 链接encourage 使…… 有勇气endanger 使…… 危险enlarge 使…… 扩大enrich 使富裕enrobe 用…包住enslave 使…成为奴隶enthrone 加冕entrain 登上火车9. ex- “前”exceed (免除、离开)超出exception (完全)除外expense 支出expose (向外;超过) 揭露ex-soldier 退伍军人10. for-,fore- “先,前,预”forehead 前额foreman 工头、工长forward 向前11. for- “禁,弃”forbid 禁forget 忘记forgive 原谅12. hexa- “六”hexahedron 六面体hexagon 六角形、六边形13. il-, im-, in-, ir- “不、非”illegal 非法的impossible 不可能的inaccurate 不精确的inactive 不活动的inadvisable 不可取的inadaptable 不能适应的inapplicable 不适用的inartificial 非人造的、天然的inconsequent 不连贯的的inconstant 不稳定的inconvenient 不方便的incredible 难以置信incurable 治不好的incurious 不好奇的independent 独立的indignity 无礼、污辱ineffective 无效的inexistence 不存在inexpert 不熟练的inextensible不能伸展的infertile 不肥沃的informal 非正式的infrequent很少发生的injustice 非正义的invisible 看不见的irregular 不规则的irremovable不能移动的irrespective 不考虑、不顾irresponsible 不承担责任的14. inter- “相互、之间”interchange 交换intercommunication 相互交流interconnect 使相互联系international 国际的internet 互联网interpose 插入15. macro- (大),micro- “微、小”macroclimate 大气候microscope 显微镜产品microclimate 小气候microphone 麦克风16. mid- “中、半”midday 中午midnight 半夜midterm 期中的17. mini- “微小的” minibus 中客车、面包车minicab 微型出租车minicam 微型摄像机minicomputer 微机minimize 使缩到最小minimum 最小量minipark 小公园miniskirt 超短裙、迷你裙18. mis- “坏、错、误” misapply 误用、滥用misbecome 不适合于misbehave 使行为不当misbehavior 不正当行为misbelief 错误的信仰misbirth 流产、堕胎miscalculate 算错、估错miscarry (信件)送错misconduct 办错、对…处理不当misdate 写错日期misdeed 不端行为、罪行misdirect 指错方向misdoing 坏事、恶行miseducation 错误教育misfortune 不幸、灾祸misguide 误导、误入岐途misinterpret 曲解、译错mislead 错导mislike 嫌、厌恶mismatch (婚姻)错配misname 叫错名misplace 放错地方misread 读错mistake 错解mistime 使不合时宜mistrust 不信任misunderstand 误解misuse 误用19. multi- “多” multiform 多形式的multilingual 多语言的multimedia 多媒体multi-national 多民族的multipolar 多极的multipurpose 多种用途的20. non-,“非、不”nonmetal 非金属noncooperation 不合作noneffective 无效的、无战斗力的nonessential 不重要的nonexistence 不存在noninvolvement 不干涉nonlogical 不合逻辑的non-mechanized 非机械化的nonnatural非天然的、违背自然的nonpayment 不支付nonperformance 不履行、不实行21. over- “过分、过度、外”overact 做得过分overage 过老的overall 包括一切的overbalance 使失去平衡overblow 吹散overbuild 过多建筑overbusy 太忙的overcareful 过分小心的overcoat 大衣、外衣overcome 克服overcritical 批评过多的overcrop 过度耕作而使土地贫瘠overcrowd 使拥挤overdevelop 过度发展overdo 把…... 做得过头overdose 给(药)过量overdrive 驱使过度overeat 使吃得过多overemphasize 过分强调overextend 使过分延长overfill 把…... 装得过满overfulfill 超额完成overfull 太满的overgrow 种得过多、长得过快overhang 悬于…... 之上overheat 使过热overlay 在...上铺盖overload 使超载overlong 太长的overlook 眺望、检查overman 使超编overproduce 生产过剩overproduction 生产过剩overreach 超越overreact 反应过度overrun 使跑得快oversea 在海外oversee 鸟瞰、检查oversell 卖得过多overwork 过度操劳22. pre- “先、前、预先”prewar 战前prehistoric 史前的prepay 预付precondition 先决条件23. re- “重、再、复”rewrite 重写return 返回review 复习recycle 再循环reuse 再利用redo 再做、重做reread 重读24. sub- “附属的、次级的、亚的”subhead 小标题subway 地铁subcommittee 小组委员会submarine 潜艇subsoil 下层土subeditor 副编辑、审稿员subhuman 低于人类的subsonic 来音速的25. tele- “远程的”telephone 电话television 电视telescope 望远镜telecommunication远程通信26. tri- “三”、“三次”、“三倍”triangle 三角形tricycle 三轮车triplane 三翼飞杨trisect 把裁成三断tribasic acid 三元酸27. ultra- “过极的”,“极端的”ultra-left 极"左"的ultra-leftist 极左分子ultra-right 极右的ultrashort 极短的ultrathin 极瘦的ultra-conservation 过于保守的ultra-democracy 极端民主的ultrafashionable 极其流行的ultramodern 极其现代化的ultranationism 极端民族主义ultrarapid 超速的28. un- “不”,构成形容词或动词unable 不能的unacceptable 不能接受的unaffected 未受影响的unadaptable 不能适应的unadmitted 不让进入的unadopted 未采用的unadvisable 不适当的unallowable 不能允许的unapproved 未经同意的unartificial 非人工的、自然的unassisted 无助的unavailable 无法利用的unawakened 未醒的、潜伏的unaware 不知道的unbalance 使不平衡unbelief 不信unbend 弄直unbreakable 不易破碎的unbroken 未破损的、完整的unbuild 拆毁uncertain 不确信的unchangeable 不变的unclose 打开uncritical 不加批判的uncultured 未受教育的uncomfortable 不舒服的uncover 暴露undated 未注明日期的undecided 未决定的unemployed 未受雇佣的、失业的undetermined 未确定的undeveloped 未开发的、不发达的undiscovered 未被发现的undivided 未分开的undress 使脱衣服uneasy 心神不安的unearth 发掘uneconomical 不节俭的unfold 展开unhealthy 不健康的unimportant 不重要的unkind 不和善的unlock 开启(锁)unnecessary多余的unpack 打开(包裹等)unpleasant 不高兴的untie 解开、松开(绳索等)29. 前缀under-(1) 用在动词前,“过低,不足”undercapitalize 投资不足underdo 不尽全力做underdevelop 发展不足underdrain 暗渠排水undergo 经历underload 欠载underman 使人员配备不足under-nourished 营养不足的underpaid 少付...工资underreport 少报、低估(2). 用在名词前,“在…下面的、较低的,内”underage 未成年的underclerk下级职员,助理办事员underclothes 内衣undercurrent 潜流underdrainage 地下排水underemployment 就业不足的undergardener 助理花工undergarments (一件)内衣undergraduate 研究生underground 地下的undergrowth 发育不全underline 在...下划线underpass 地道underpants 内裤underpopulation 人口稀少underproduction 生产不足undersea 海底的undersecretary 助理秘书underskirt 衬裙30. 前缀vice-,“副、次”、“代理”vice-chairman 副主席vice-governor 副州长vice-premier 副总理vice-president 副总统二、常见后缀1 -able “有…… 可能的、可以…… 的”,构成形容词:acceptable 可以接受的、合意的accessible 容易接近的、得到的adjustable 可调整的、可调节的admirable 令人钦佩、值得敬仰的avoidable 可避免的unbelievable难以置信的comfortable 舒适的、感到安慰的comparable 可以相比considerable 值得考虑的downloadable 可下载的endurable 可忍的、能持久的expellable 可驱逐的、应开除的honorable 荣誉的、光荣的incredible 难以令人置信的miserable 悲惨的、可怜的navigable 可航的reasonable 合情合理的respectable 可敬的responsible 有责任的、负责的sustainable 能持续的、能维持的terrible 可怕的、恐怖的、骇人的unthinkable 不可思议的valuable 值钱的、贵重的visible 看得见的、可视的2 –age “身份”,构成抽象名词disadvantage 劣势、弱点marriage 婚姻pupilage 学生身份passage 段落、文章percentage 百分数、百分率shortage 缺少storage 贮藏、保管teenage 少年的3 al- 构成抽象名词arrival 到达withdrawal 收回refusal 拒绝approval 批准、认可survival 生存revival 苏醒、复活dismissal 打发、免职proposal 提议removal 移动、调动revival (对旧时事物的兴趣)恢复terminal 终端trial 试、试用、审判4 –al 构成形容词economical 节省的、节俭的electrical 电的elemental 基本的emotional激动的environmental 环境的ethical 伦理的grammatical 语法的memorial 记忆的medical 医学的maternal 母亲的、母方的mental 精神的、脑力的municipal都市的、市政/市立的musical 音乐的national 民族的natural 自然界的occasional偶然的、特殊场合的official 官员的oriental 严厉的、冷酷的、残忍的original 起初的、原始的、独创的operational 操作的、运作的paternal 父亲的、父方的penal 刑事的、刑法的periodical 周期性的、定期的personal 个人的political 政治的practical 切实际的professional 专业的、职业的psychological 心理的recreational 娱乐的、休养的rural 乡下的、田园的、乡味的spiritual 精神神上的social 社会的technical 拔术的tidal 潮汐的traditional 传统的universal通用的/普遍的、世界的vegetal 植物的、植物性的5 –an, -ian “人、……职业者”,构成名词American 美国人electrician电学家Italian 意大利人Iranian 伊朗人librarian 图书馆管理员magician 魔术师、巫师mathematician 数学家musician 音乐家Palestinian 巴勒斯坦人的politician 政治家Russian 俄国人statistician 统计学家technician 技术员、技师vegetarian 素食的、素食者6 –ant / -ent,构成形容词distant 遥远的important 重要的silent 安静的patient 耐心的absent 迟到的different 不同的convenient 方便的excellent 优秀的intelligent 聪明的、有才智的negligent 疏忽的obedient 服从的permanent 永久的resistant 反抗的respondent 被告servant 仆人tyrant 暴君urgent 紧急的、急迫的subsequent 随后的、随继的violent 暴力的militant 好战的7 -ance,-ence 构成动作名词或抽象名词acceptance 接受appearance 外表allowance 允许assistance 援助、帮助attendance 出席avoidance 避免consequence 后果、结果convenience 方便correspondence 通讯dependence 依靠disturbance 打扰difference 不同emergence 紧急情况entrance 进口existence 存在presence 出现performance 表演、执行ignorance 无知influence 影响interference 干扰intelligence 聪明emergence 出现permanence 永久的performance 執行presence 出现endurance 忍耐、耐劳absence 不在resemblance 相似(之处)resistance 坚持fluence 流利evidence 明显、证据diligence 勤奋distance 距离disturbance 打扰guidance 指引inference 推论innocence 清白、无罪intendance 监督、管理negligence 疏忽、粗心大意permanence 永久性、持久性obedience 顺从、服从occurrence 发生、出现precedence 领先、在前preference 偏爱offence 触怒、冒犯significance 重要性subsequence 随后、后来violence 暴力8 -dom 构成名词kingdom 王国freedom 自由9 -ed 构成形容词amused 有趣的是astonished 令人惊讶的blessed 神圣的、受惠的bored 无聊的、无趣的、烦人的complicated 复杂的disappointed 令人人失望的delighted 令人高兴的excited 兴奋的、激昂的experienced 有经验的faded 褪色的learned 博学的related 相关的skilled 熟练的united 联合的、统一的10 -ee,-eer,-er,-or,构成表人的名词announcer 宣布者、广播员beginner 初学者builder 建设者calculator 计算器/机circulator 传播人、循环器competitor 竟争人、对手conductor 导体、售票员director 指导者、导演employee 被雇佣者engineer 工程师examinee 受试人indicator 指示者interviewee 被采访者milker 挤奶人nominee 被提名者passer 过路客placer 放置者rubber 按摩师runner 经营者、赛跑人singer 歌手teller 讲述人tailor 裁缝trainer 训练人thinker 思考人visitor 指导者、理事、导演volunteer 志原者waiter 服务生writer 作者、写手11 -en,形容词后的-en构成及物动词;名词后的-en 构成形容词brighten 使发亮deepen 使…加深flatten 把...弄平frighten 使惊恐harden 使变硬heighten 提高lengthen 延长loosen 放松ripen 使成熟sharpen 削尖soften 弄软shorten 缩短stiffen 变疆硬strengthen 使…加强、加强thicken 加厚threaten 威胁tighten 使变紧weaken 减弱widen 使…加宽worsen 使…更糟wooden 木的woolen 羊毛的12 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词actress 女演员goddess 女神hostess 女主人stewardess 女乘务员waitress 侍者13 -free “免…… 的、无……的”,构成形容词gravity-free 无重力的、无引力的water-free 不漏水的tax-free 免税的ice-free 不冻的interest-free无息的14 -ful “满”,构成形容词beautiful 漂亮的merciful 仁慈的careful 小心的、谨慎的doubtful 怀疑的、疑惑的dreadful 可怕的、令人敬畏的faithful 守信的fateful 命中注定的fearful 可怕的forgetful 健忘的frightful 可怕的、讨厌的helpful 有助的hopeful 充满希望的regretful 悔恨的resourceful 资源丰富的respectful 恭敬的skillful 熟练的sorrowful 悲伤的successful成功的tearful 含泪的wonderful 精彩的15 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词a armful of … 一抱basketful 一满篮bucketful 满桶handful 一把mouthful 满口spoonful 一匙(的量)16 -hood 构成抽象名词childhood 童年、早期falsehood 谬误、谎言livelihood生活、生计priesthood 传教士(身份)17 –ic 构成形容词automatic 自动的basic 基本的characteristic 特征的classic 最优秀的、一流的economic 经济的enthusiastic 热情的electric 电的、导电的energetic 精力充沛的gymnastic 体操的、体育的heroic 英勇的historic 有历史意义的magic 魔法、魔术的(只作定语)materialistic 唯物主义的organic 有机体的patriotic 爱国的、有爱国热情的simplistic 过于简化的symbolic 象征性的systematic 系统的、体系的18 -ice “性质”,构成名词justice 公正notice 通知19 -ics 构成学科名词gymnastics 体育、体操physics 物理学politics 政治学mathematics 算术、数学20 –ing 构成名词或形容词amusing 逗笑的astonishing 惊讶的blessing 幸事、赐福boring 令人厌烦的boxing 装箱、拳击flaming 燃烧的greeting 问候misunderstanding误会promising 有前途的remaining 剩余物satisfying 令人满意的suffering 痛苦、苦难training 训练21 -ish 构成形容词feverish 发烧的、热病的foolish 傻的Swedish 瑞典的Spanish 西班牙的22 -ism “ …… 主义”构成名词Buddhism 佛教communism 共产主义escapism 逃避现实extremism 极端主义hegemonism 霸权主义imperialism 帝国主义patriotism 爱国主义protectionism 保护主义socialism 社会主义terrorism 恐怖主义tourism 旅游业23 -ist “ …… 主义者、从事……职业者”,构成名词archaeologist 考古学家bioiogist 生物学家botanist 植物学家chemist 化学家communist 共产主义者colonist 殖民地居民、殖民者copyist 抄写员economist 经济学家extremist 极端主义分子geologist 地质学家imperialist 帝国主义者physicist 物理学家psychologist 心理学者receptionist 接待员specialist 专家sociologist 社会学家scientist 科学家terrorist 恐怖分子typist 打字员tourist 旅游者zoologist 动物学家24 –ive构成否定形容词active 活泼的aggressive 冒犯的、侵略的attractive 吸引人的、有魅力的comparative比较的、相对的compensative 弥补的conservative保存/防腐的、保守的defensive 防御的definitive 决定的、确定的effective 有效的、生效的indicative 象征的、预示的instructive 有教育意义的interruptive 中断的、阻碍的massive 巨大的offensive 唐突的、冒犯的oppressive 残酷的、压迫的originative 有创造力的persuasive 有说服力的predictive 预言性的、预兆的productive 生产的progressive 进步的、向前进的protective 防护的relative 有关系的representative 代表的restorative 滋补的restrictive 限制的、约束的suggestive 暗示的、示意的terminative 终止的、结束的25 –ize构成及物动词actualize 实现、使现实化analyse 分析apologize 道歉、辩白categorize 分类colonize 殖民于organize 组织realize 实现26 –less构成否定形容词cordless 无绳的careless 粗心的hopeless 无望的doubtless 无疑的helpless 无助的restless 还安的rustless 无锈的、不锈的27 –let “小东西” 构成名词armlet 臂环anklet 脚镣booklet 小册子bracelet 手铐hamlet 村庄leaflet 传单28 -ly 构成的形容词brotherly 兄弟般的costly 昂贵的daily 日常的friendly 友好的lively 活泼的lonely 孤独的lovely 可爱的monthly 每月的orderly 整洁的quarterly 每四分之一的weekly 每周的yearly 每年的29 -ly构成的副词accurately 精确地annually 年度性的apparently明显地basically基本地bitterly 痛苦地clearly 清澈地coldly冰冷地constantly不断的、经常的coolly 凉快地effectively 有效地ethically 合乎道德地exactly 精确地factually 事实上fairly 相当的fearfully 可怕地fiercely 凶猛地finally 最终地financially 节省地forgetfully 健忘地frequently 频繁地generally 一般地gratefully 感激地habitually 习以为常地happily 幸福地hopefully 充满希望地indirectly 间接地initially 最初的jokingly 开玩笑地largely 大量地laughingly 带着笑地mercifully 仁慈地naturally 自然地orally 口头地particularly 特别地personally 亲自地properly 恰当地permanently 永久地possibly 可能地potentially 潜在地practically 实际上primarily 起初rarely 很少really 真正地recently 最近relatively 相对地roughly 粗糙地severely 严严地similarly 相似地simply 间单地singularly 单独地slightly 轻微地smartly剧烈地smilingly 微笑地specially 特别地steadily 稳定地steadily 稳固地steeply 陡峭地successfully 成功地surprisingly 惊奇地swiftly 疾速地thickly 厚实地thinly 稀薄地tightly紧迫地totally 统统地、总共地truly 真正地understandingly 有理解力地usefully 有用地usually 通常地uselessly无用地utterly 彻底地、绝对地30 -ment 构成抽象名词adjustment 调整advertisement 广告agreement 协议amusement 娱乐、消谴announcement 宣布appointment 约定argument 争论arrangement 安排astonishment 惊讶attachment 连接、附件confinement 限制development 发展disillusionment 醒悟、幻灭disappointment 失望embarrassment 窘迫equipment 装备establishment 建立、设立excitement 兴奋government 政府improvement 改进、改良judgment 判断lodgment 住宿movement 运动pavement 人行道reinforcement 增援、支援requirement 需要settlement 定居点supplement 增补、补充treatment 待遇31 -ness 构成抽象名词bitterness 苦carelessness粗心clearness清楚coolness凉爽correctness正确dampness潮湿darkness黑暗dullness阴沉directness直接eagerness 渴望、热切effectiveness 有效exactness 精确flatness 平坦forgetfulness 健忘heaviness 重kindness 慈祥nervousness 紧张permanentness 永久性quickness 迅速roughness 粗糙sadness 难过shallowness 浅sharpness 锐利shortness 短slowness 慢smartness 精明steadiness 稳定性usefulness 实用32 –ous 或-ious 构成形容词adventurous 冒险ambitious 有雄心的、野心勃勃的cautious 小心的、谨慎的conscious 有意识的、有知觉的continuous 继续的desirous 渴望的envious 忌妒的、猜忌的humorous 幽默的、诙谐的industrious 勤奋的infectious 传染的、有坏影响的mountainous 多山的、山区的mysterious 神秘的nervous 神经的、易激动的nutritious 有营养的poisonous有毒的prosperous 兴旺的、繁荣的rebellious 造反的、反抗的religious 宗教的repetitious 重复的、反复的tyrannous 暴政的、专横的various 各样的、多种多样的33 -port 构成名词passport 通行证airport 机场seaport 海港34 –ship 表示性质、职业、份、技能等,构成抽象名词citizenship 公民身份friendship 友谊leadership 领导marksmanship 射击术professorship 教授职位scholarship 学者sportsmanship 体育道德35 -sion 构成抽象名词admission 允许、承认、首肯aggression 侵略collision 碰撞comparison 比较conclusion 结论、结束confession 承认confusion 混乱conversion 变换、转化diversion 转向、转移emission 散发、发射erosion 腐蚀expansion 张开、伸展expression 词组、表达式invasion 入侵、侵略omission 省略、遗漏oppression 压迫、压制permission 允许procession 行列、队伍profession 职业、专业revision 修正、复习tension 拉紧、紧张36 -th 构成抽象名词birth 生育、出生depth 深度length 长度strength 力量warmth 温暖width 宽度youth 青春37 -tion构成动作名词或抽象名词actualization 实行、使现实化addiction 增加、增加物administration 管理、经营admiration 钦佩、赞美application 请求、应用、运用appreciation 欣赏、鉴赏calculation 计算celebration 庆祝、典礼circulation 循环、环流classification 分类、类别combination 结合compensation 补尝、酬报competition 比赛complication 复杂、混乱concentration 集中、专心conduction 传导congratulation 祝贺conservation 保存、保护consideration 考虑、思考consolidation 巩固、加强construction 建造、建筑consumption 消耗、消费continuation连续、继续contradiction 矛盾creation 创造cultivation 耕种、开发definition 解脱、定义declaration 宣布、宣告declination 倾斜、衰微description 描写描述digestion 消化edition 版本education 教育estimation 估计、估算exhibition 展览expectation 预期、期待explanation 解释exploration 探索extinction 熄灭evaluation 演变examination 检查、细查graduation 毕业illustration 说明、图解imitation 模仿、仿造imposition 负担、强加infection 传染、侵染inflation 充气、膨胀indication 指示、指出initiation 开始、创始inspection 检查、审查inspiration 鼓舞、激励installation 安装inscription 铭文、碑文insulation 孤立interruption 中断、遮断introduction 介绍、引进investigation 调查irrigation 灌溉invitation 邀请modernization 现代化narration 叙述navigation 航行nomination 提名nutrition 营养、营养物operation 操作、运转organization 组织origination 源于、创始、发明participation 参与、参加preparation 准备preservation 保存、保管prevention预防、防止promotion 促进pronunciation 发音purification 纯化、净化quotation 引语、语录reception 接待、接见recognition 认出、识别recommendation 推荐recreation 娱乐、消遣reflection 反映、倒影repetition 重复、反复representation 代表reformation 改革、革新restoration 回复、恢复revelation 展现、显露revolution 革命sanitation 环境卫生satisfaction 满意simplification 简化stimulation 刺激、兴奋starvation 饥饿termination 结束、结局translation 翻译transportation 交通unification 统一、联合38 –ure构成抽象名词failure 失败architecture 建筑学mixture 混合物39 -ward(s) 构成方位副词upwards 向上downwards 向下eastwards 向东northwards 向北southwards 向南westwards向西forwards 向前backwards 向后towards 向、朝40 -y 构成的形容词或名词bloody 有血的、血淋淋的bravery 勇敢的cloudy 多云的cruelty 残酷difficulty 困难foggy 多雾的funny 滑稽可笑的greedy 贪婪的handy 手边的healthy 健康的honesty 诚实hungry 饥饿的icy 冰凉的imaginary 想像出来的legendary 传奇文学、传奇故事书literary 文学的loyalty 忠诚misery 悲惨、痛苦modesty 谦虚mystery 神话、神秘的事/人necessity 必要性、必需品nursery 托儿所penalty 处罚、罚款piracy 盗版poetry 诗歌pregnancy 怀孕rainy 多雨的recovery 重获、复得revolutionary 革命rusty 生锈的、恼火的safety 安全salty 咸的scenery 风景、景色shady多荫的slavery 奴隶制smoky 冒烟的starry 布满星星的steady 稳固的、稳定的supplementary 补充的、增补的technology 技术、工艺thirsty 口渴的trendy 随潮流的、时髦的urgency 紧急、迫切variety 变化、多样性、品种wealthy 富有的weary 疲倦的、厌倦的windy 多风的wizardry 巫术41 以-ity音节结尾,构成抽象名词,表性质状态ability 能力accessibility易接近acidity 酸味activity 活动adaptability 适应性adversity 逆镜availability 可用性captivity 束缚、监禁complexity 复杂性conductivity 传导性creativity 创造力curiosity 好奇心electricity 电equality 平等extensibility 可延展性extremity 末端、终极facility 设备generosity 慷慨、大方hostility 敌意、敌视identity 识别、鉴定inferiority 下等、劣等intensity 强度majority 多数maturity 成熟、有经验mentality 智力、精神、心态minority 少数nationality 民族personality 个性possibility 可能性potentiality 潜力predictability 可预报性productivity 生产率prosperity 繁荣、兴旺relativity 相关性reliability 可靠性responsibility 责任security 安全、安全感simplicity 简单、简易society 社会stability 稳定性stupidity 愚蠢superiority优势、优越tensity 紧张、紧张度universality 普遍性、一般性visibility 能见度。
单词记忆--派生前缀词和后缀词语
派生词指的是在词根前面加前缀和后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或者截然相反的新词。
注:一般来说,词根定义单词的意思,前缀改变单词的意思,后缀决定单词的词性。
单词记忆技巧系列#1:派生前缀词一、表示否定及对立意义前缀词1、anti-:antibody(抗体), antiwar(反战的), antitrust(反垄断的)2、counter-:counterattack(反击), counteract(抵抗, 阻碍), countermand(撤销)3、de-:deduce(推断), deforest(砍伐森林), derail(脱轨)4、dis-:dislike(不喜欢), dishonorable(不光彩的), disagree(不同意)5、il-:illegal(非法的), illiterate(文盲的, 无文化的), illogical(不合逻辑的)6、im-:immortal(不朽的), imbalance(不平衡的), impolite(不礼貌的)7、in-:invalid(无效的), incorrect(不正确的), inability(无能)8、ir-:irrational(不合理的), irregular(不稳定的), irrelevant(不相关的)9、mis-:misunderstand(误解), misjudge(误判), misleading(误导)10、un-:unemployment(失业), unfinished(未完成的), unhappily(不快乐地)11、with-:withdraw(撤回, 提款), withstand(对抗, 艰受), withhold(隐瞒, 抑制)二、表示空间位置或方向关系的前缀词1、in-:表示“向内, 在内, 背于”。
例:import(进口), inland(内陆), invade(入侵)2、inter-:表示“在……间, 相互”。
《英语词缀与英语派生词》
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《语词缀与英语派生词》 原生词缀与派生词缀
原生词缀:未被同化而只能存在于借词中的古典语词缀; 派生词缀:被同化了的古典语词缀。 英语前缀从“旧前缀”(原始外来词缀)到“新前缀”(被同化的词缀)的变化: 新词缀 || 旧词缀 co-worker || collide, conceive, compare, corrupt ex-king || examine, example, excess, education, effect pre-history || precise, prefer, preference, prejudice pro-Germany || process, produce re-write, re-sign || refer, reference, refuse, resign, resignation superman, superstructure || superfluous, superstition
常见派生词后缀
•常见派生后缀词汇一名词后缀1.动词+ance=名词rely(reliance) guide(guidance) appear(appearance) assist(assistance) perform(performance) annoy(annoyance) 2.形容词+-ance/ence=名词violent(violence) distant(distance) present(presence) absent(absence) obedient(obedience)competent(competence)intelligent(intelligence)confident(confidence)patient(patience)convenient(convenience)elegant(elegance)3.形容词+-ency=名词•current(currency)货币/通用•fluent (fluency)流利/流畅•urgent(urgency)紧急,催促4.动词+(a)tion/sion→名词1.expression/impression / admission/permission/ expansion/ persuasionanization/congratulation/application/opera tion/ determination/ graduation/transportation/ appreciation/invitation/starvation/motivation/ information/observation/consideration/occupation/ presentation/ participation/ recommendation/ preparation/ accommodation 3.destruction/construction/production/reduction/ instruction/attraction/collection/election/ addiction4.devotion/ solution/ contribution competition intention/translation/exhibition/satisfaction/ adaptation/donation/hesitation/decoration/ regulation5.动词+y →名词•injure-injury discover-discovery •recover-recovery deliver -delivery6.形容+y →名词•brave-bravery difficult-difficulty •safe- safety secure- security •modest-modesty7.动词+ment→名词•agree-agreementadjust-adjustment•arrange-arrangementmanage-management•argue-argumentgovern-governmentacknowledge-acknowledgement•punish-punishmentemploy-employmententertain-entertainment•announce-announcementappoint-appointmentembarrass-embarrassmentstate-statementencourage-encouragement8. 形容词+ness= 名词kind (kindness) careful(carefulness) 二.形容词后缀1. 动词(心理)+ing /ed=形容词frighten (frightening/frightened)terrify (terrifying/terrified)alarm (alarming/alarmed)amaze (amazing/amazed)astonish (astonishing/astonished) shock (shocking/shocked)surprise (surprising/surprised)puzzle (puzzling/puzzled)please (pleasing/pleased)bore (boring/bored)annoy (annoying/annoyed)convince (convincing/convinced) disappoint (disappointing/disappointed) encourage (encouraging/encouraged)satisfy (satisfying/satisfied)disgust (disgusting/disgusted)embarrass (embarrassing/embarrassed)2. 名词+ ful/ less=形容词eg. care careful carelesspower powerful powerlesshope hopeful hopelesspain painful painlessfaith faithful faithless 3.名词+y →形容词dust-dusty /dirt-dirty /ease-easy/salt-salty/wind-windy/ fog-foggy rain-rainy /sun-sunny/cloud-cloudytaste-tasty/scare-scary /mud-muddyhealth-healthy4.名词/动词+- able -ible = 形容词rely-reliable terror-terrible value-valuable belief-believable forgive-forgivable change-changeable consider-considerable5.名词+ous=形容词danger(dangerous) courage(courageous) anxiety(anxious) variety(various)6.名词+al=形容词culture(cultural) agriculture(agricultural) benefit(beneficial)三.副词后缀•形容词+ly →副词entire-entirely / actual-actuallygradual- gradually/ fluent-fluentlyfrequent-frequently true-truly rude-rudely happy-happilyangry-angrily / slight-slightly fortunate-fortunately flexible- flexibly possible-possibly simple- simply四.动词后缀1.形容词+en=动词:strong (strengthen) wide(widen)long (lengthen) deep (deepen)2.形容词+ize=动词Real(realize)Popular(popurize)。
英语派生词常用词缀
英语派生词常用词缀派生词的构词方法:前缀+词根、词根+后缀、前缀+词根+后缀;多记忆词根即基础词,这是通过构词法来记忆派生词的前提;通过记一个例词来记住一个前缀或后缀。
一、Prefixes前缀前缀具有一定的含义,主要功能是改变词根的意思,不改变词根的词性。
前缀含义例词ab-相反,变坏,离开normal(正常的)—abnormal(不正常的)axial(轴心的)—abaxial(离开轴心的)aero-航空的,飞行的,飞机的plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)anti-反对的,反抗的war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)virus(病毒)—antivirus(杀毒软件,抗病毒的)auto-自己,独自biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)criticism(批评,批判)—autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)bi-双的,二的lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)bio-生命,生物chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)by-次要的,附带的product(产品,产物,)—byproduct(副产品,附加产物)way(路,道路)—byway(小道)centi-一百,百分之一grade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的,摄氏度的)meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)co-联合的,共同的author(作家)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者)exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)col-(用在字母l之前)location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)联合的,共同的league(同盟,联盟)—colleague(同事)com-联合的,共同的passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)mission(使团,代表团)—commission(委员会)con-联合的,共同的centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)federation(同盟,联盟)—confederation(联邦)contra-反对,相反diction(措辞,用语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)natural(自然的)—contranatural(违背自然的)cor-(用在字母r之前)relate(使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)联合的,共同的respond(回答,反应)—correspond(符合,协调,相应)counter-相反,反对act(表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)attack(攻击)—counterattck(反引力)cross-横过,相反country(乡下的,乡村的)—crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)cultural(文化的)—cross-cultural(跨文化的)de-剥夺,分离code(代码,密码)—decode(解码,译解)value(评价,重视)—devalue(减值,贬值)dis-分开,分离,否定,不advantage(优势,有利条件)—disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)agree(同意)—disagree(不同意,不一致)em(用在b,m,p)body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)en使成为danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)ex前任的(还健在的)wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)向外的port(港口)—export(出口)extra外面的curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的,业余的)ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)fore在前的,先的know(知道)—foreknow(先知)warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)hemi半的sphere(球体)—hemisphere(半球)cycle(球体)—hemicycle(半圆形)homo相同的type(类型)—homotype(同型)sexual(性的)—homosexual(同性恋的)il(用在l之前)legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的)不,否literate(有文化的)—illiterate(文盲的,没受教育的)im(用在b,m,p之前)moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的)不,否possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)in不,否direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)infra内部的,向内的structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)inter相互的,之间的national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的)face(面)—interface(界面,接口)intra内部的city(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intradepartment(内部)ir(用在r之前)regular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)不,否responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)kilo千的gram(克,)—kilogram(千克,公斤)byte(字节)—kilobyte(千字节)macro大的,宏观的economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)micro微小的,微观的soft(软的)—microsoft(微软)electronics(电子学)—microelectronics(微电子学)mal坏的,错误的function(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)mid中的,中间的day(天,白天)—midday(正午)night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)mini小型的,迷你的bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(迷你短裙,超短裙)mis坏的,错误的,否定的fortune(运气,好运)—misfortune(不幸,灾祸)understand(懂,了解)—misunderstand(误解,误会)mono单一的plane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)multi多的media(媒体)—multimedia(多媒体)national(国家的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的)non非,无,不sense理性,认,废话)识—n onsense(胡说stop停,停站点—non-stop(直达的),比...耐久)out向外live(活的,生动的)—outlive(比...长命,通道,家,户)—outdoor(室外的,户外的,door(门野外的)over在⋯⋯上面,优越,超越head(头,头的,主要的)—overhead(在头上的,上,在空中,在高处)在头顶)—overtime(超时,加班,超,时机time(时间,时侯时的,加班的,使超时)poly多的,多个的centric(中心的)—polycentric(多中心的)—polysyllabicsyllabic([语]音节主音,音节的](多音节的)post在⋯⋯之后graduate((大学)毕业生,研究生)—postgraduate(研究所学生,研究生,毕业后的)战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)war(战争,作pre在⋯⋯之前pay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)war(战争,作pro居前,领先a bortion—proabortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)n ame(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)pseudo伪的,虚假,假拟science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)re又,再unite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)self自我employed(雇用,用,使用)—selfemployed)—selftaughttaught(teach的过去式和过去分词,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)semi半,不完全的circle(圆周final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛),妈妈)—stepmother(继母)step后,继mother(母亲children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)sub下,在下;低于,次于,副,亚,divide(分,划分,分开)—subdivide(再分,细分)次section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)super超的,在⋯⋯之上market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)tele远距离传递,电视的screen(屏,银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)communication(交流)—telecommunication(远程通信)therm(o)热的,电热的chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)meter(计,表)—thermometer(温度计,体温计)trans横过,贯穿,在⋯⋯之间A tlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)三,三倍angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)ultra极端,过度modern(近代的,现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)sound(声音,语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)un不,非,无certain(确定的,必然的,可靠的)—uncertain(无常的,靠不住的)的,不确定的,不可预测fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的,使人遗憾的)under在⋯⋯之下,次于develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足)sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)uni单一form(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)vice副的,次的chairman(主席,会长)—vice-chairman(副主席,副议长)president(总统,会长,行长)—vice-president(副总督,副省长)二、Postfixes后缀有的可可以决定词的语法属性。
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反对,相反
diction(措辞,用语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
natural(自然的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
cor-
(用在字母r之前)
联合的,共同的
relate(使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)
respond(回答,反应)—correspond(符合,协调,相应)
im
(用在b,m,p之前)
不,否
moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
in
不,否
direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
单一的
plane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)
tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)
multi
多的
media(媒体)—multimedia(多媒体)
national(国家的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的)
non
非,无,不
sense理性,认识—nonsense(胡说,废话)
infra
内部的,向内的
structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)
red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
inter
相互的,之间的
national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的)
face(面)—interface(界面,接口)
kilo
千的
gram(克,)—kilogram(千克,公斤)
byte(字节)—kilobyte(千字节)
macro
大的,宏观的
economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)
micro
微小的,微观的
soft(软的)—microsoft(微软)
生命,生物
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
by-
次要的,附带的
product(产品,产物,)—byproduct(副产品,附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
centi-
一百,百分之一
grade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的,摄氏度的)
trans
横过,贯穿,在……之间
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)
tri
三,三倍
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)
counter-
相反,反对
act(表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counttry(乡下的,乡村的)—crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)
cultural(文化的)—cross-cultural(跨文化的)
1、名词后缀
后缀
语法意义
例词
-al
动作、人、事物
arrive(到达,抵达v.)—arrival(到达,到达者)
propose(提议v.)—proposal(提案)
-age
状态、行为、性质
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)
en
使成为
danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)
ex
前任的(还健在的)
向外的
wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)
port(港口)—export(出口)
com-
联合的,共同的
passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
mission(使团,代表团)—commission(委员会)
con-
联合的,共同的
centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟,联盟)—confederation(联邦)
intra
内部的
city(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)
department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intradepartment(内部)
ir
(用在r之前)
不,否
regular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)
responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)
pre
在……之前
pay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)
pro
居前,领先
abortion—proabortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)
pseudo
伪的,虚假,假拟
name(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)
hemi
半的
sphere(球体)—hemisphere(半球)
cycle(球体)—hemicycle(半圆形)
homo
相同的
type(类型)—homotype(同型)
sexual(性的)—homosexual(同性恋的)
il
(用在l之前)
不,否
legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的)
literate(有文化的)—illiterate(文盲的,没受教育的)
under
在……之下,次于
develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足)
sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
uni
单一
form(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)
electronics(电子学)—microelectronics(微电子学)
mal
坏的,错误的
function(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)
mid
中的,中间的
day(天,白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
co-
联合的,共同的
author(作家)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者)
exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)
col-
(用在字母l之前)
联合的,共同的
location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)
league(同盟,联盟)—colleague(同事)
axial(轴心的)—abaxial(离开轴心的)
aero-
航空的,飞行的,飞机的
plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti-
反对的,反抗的
war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
virus(病毒)—antivirus(杀毒软件,抗病毒的)
divide(分,划分,分开)—subdivide(再分,细分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)
super
超的,在……之上
market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)
science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)
re
又,再
unite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self
自我
employed(雇用,用,使用)—selfemployed
taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—selftaught
semi
半,不完全的
circle(圆周,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)
final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)
step
后,继
mother(母亲,妈妈)—stepmother(继母)
children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)
sub
下,在下;低于,次于,副,亚,次
英语派生词常用词缀
派生词的构词方法:前缀+词根、词根+后缀、前缀+词根+后缀;
多记忆词根即基础词,这是通过构词法来记忆派生词的前提;
通过记一个例词来记住一个前缀或后缀。
一、Prefixes前缀
前缀具有一定的含义,主要功能是改变词根的意思,不改变词根的词性。
前 缀
含 义
例 词
ab-
相反,变坏,离开
normal(正常的)—abnormal(不正常的)
auto-
自己,独自