EDA：自动电梯控制

全自动电梯控制卢维彪０２０９２０１８1．设计要求设计一个４层楼房全自动电梯控制电路，其功能如下：◆每层楼电梯入口处设有上，下请求开关各１，电梯内设有乘客到达层次的停站要求开关。

◆有电梯所处位置指示装置和电梯上行，下行状态批示装置。

◆电梯每秒升（降）一层楼。

到达某一层楼时，指示该层次的灯发光，并一直保持到电梯到达新一层为止。

◆电梯到达有停站请求的楼层后，该层次的指示灯亮，经过０.5S，电梯门自动打开，开门指示灯亮，开门5S后，电梯门自动关闭（开门指示灯灭），电梯继续运行。

◆能记忆电梯内外的所有请求信号，并按照电梯运行规则次第响应，每个请求信号保留至执行后撤除。

◆电梯运行规则，电梯处于上升模式时，只响应比电梯所在位置高的层次的上楼请求信号，由下而上逐个执行，直到最后一个请示执行完毕。

如更高层次有下楼请求，则直接升到有下楼请求的楼层接客，然后便进入下降模式。

电梯处于下降模式时与之相反，仅响应比电梯所在位置低的楼层的下楼请求。

电梯执行完所有的请求后，应停在最后所在的位置不变，等待新的请求。

◆开机（接通电源）时，电梯应停留在一楼，而各种上，下请求皆被清除。

2．设计提示▲用实验板上提供的按键开关作为上楼（3个）下楼（3个）请求，以及乘客进入电梯后，要求停靠楼层的开关。

按键状态用发光二极管显示。

▲电梯所在楼层位置用数码管显示，另用二只发光二极管显示上行状态和下行状态。

▲利用发光二极管（６只）作为开门指示，其时序如下图所示。

▲电梯开门时间可以要求延长，每按一次延长键，自按键时开始延长5秒，可以连续使用。

也可提前关门（按动关门键）。

▲电梯运行过程中，不断判断前进方向是否存在上楼请求或下楼请求信号，如到达某层后，上、下方均无请求，则电梯停在该层，中止运行。

div2Hz模块（1000Hz—2Hz分频器）：library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity div2Hz isport(clk:in std_logic;clkout:out std_logic);end div2Hz;architecture one of div2Hz issignal count: std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);beginprocessbeginwait until clk'event and clk='1';if count<500 then count<=count+1; clkout<='0';else count<=(others=>'0'); clkout<='1';end if;end process;end architecture one;Elevator模块（控制器）：library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity elevator isport( clk: in std_logic;up1,up2,up3,stop1,stop2,stop3,stop4,down4,down3,down2: in std_logic;ddelay,dclose: in std_logic;upled,downled: out std_logic;floorled,nowfloor: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);dopenled: out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0));end elevator;architecture bhv of elevator istype state_type is (start,run,opendoor,dopenwait2,dopenwait3,dopenwait4,dopenwait5,dopenwait6,dopenwait7,dopenwait8, dopenwait9,dopenwait10,dclse,up,down,upwait1,upwait2,downwait1,downwait2,stop); signal state : state_type;signal upm,downm,stopm,dat: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); ---memmory of orders signal dclosem,ddelaym: std_logic;beginstate_trans: process (clk,up1,up2,up3,down4,down3,down2,stop1,stop2,stop3,stop4,upm,downm,stopm,dat,ddelay,dclose) variable position: integer range 0 to 4;beginif rising_edge(clk) thenif up1='1' then upm(0)<='1'; end if;if up2='1' then upm(1)<='1'; end if;if up3='1' then upm(2)<='1'; end if;upm(3)<='0';if down4='1' then downm(3)<='1'; end if;if down3='1' then downm(2)<='1'; end if;if down2='1' then downm(1)<='1'; end if;downm(0)<='0';if stop1='1' then stopm(0)<='1'; end if;if stop2='1' then stopm(1)<='1'; end if;if stop3='1' then stopm(2)<='1'; end if;if stop4='1' then stopm(3)<='1'; end if;if dclose='1' then dclosem<='1'; end if;if ddelay='1' then ddelaym<='1'; end if;dat<= upm or downm or stopm; ---orders from both inside and outside all savedcase state iswhen start =>if dat="0000" then state <= start; ---no order,no operation elsif position= 0 then position:=position+1; state <= run;end if;when run => ---start working if position=1 thenif stopm(0)='1' or upm(0)='1' thenstopm(0)<='0'; upm(0)<='0'; state<= opendoor;elsif dat> "0001" then state<= up;end if;elsif position=2 thenif stopm(1)='1' or upm(1)='1' or downm(1)='1' thenstopm(1)<='0'; upm(1)<='0'; downm(1)<='0'; state<= opendoor;elsif dat> "0011" then state<= up;elsif dat< "0010" then state<= down;end if;elsif position=3 thenif stopm(2)='1' or upm(2)='1' or downm(2)='1' thenstopm(2)<='0'; upm(2)<='0'; downm(2)<='0'; state<= opendoor;elsif dat> "0111" then state<= up;elsif dat< "0100" then state<= down;end if;elsif position=4 thenif stopm(3)='1' or downm(3)='1' thenstopm(3)<='0'; downm(3)<='0'; state<= opendoor;elsif dat< "1000" then state<= down;end if;end if;when up => upled<='1'; state<=upwait1; ---1 second taken to go upwhen upwait1=> state<= upwait2;when upwait2=>upled<='0'; position:=position+1; ---reach a higher floorif position=2 and (upm>"0011" or stopm>"0011") and stopm(1)='0' and upm(1)='0' then state<= up; elsif position=3 and dat>"0111" and stopm(2)='0' and upm(2)='0' then state<= up; else state<= opendoor;end if;when down=> downled<= '1'; state<= downwait1; ---1 second taken to go down when downwait1=> state<= downwait2;when downwait2=>downled<= '0'; position:=position-1; ---reach a lower floorif position=3 and (downm<"0100" or stopm<"0100") and stopm(2)='0' and downm(2)='0' then state<= down; elsif position=2 and dat<"0010" and stopm(1)='0' and downm(1)='0' then state<= down; else state<= opendoor;end if;when opendoor=> ---open door after 0.5 second if position=1 then stopm(0)<='0'; upm(0)<='0';elsif position=2 then stopm(1)<='0'; upm(1)<='0'; downm(1)<='0'; elsif position=3 then stopm(2)<='0'; upm(2)<='0'; downm(2)<='0'; elsif position=4 then stopm(3)<='0'; downm(3)<='0'; end if; ---orders from the opendoor_floor removed dopenled<="001100";if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0'; elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0'; else state<= dopenwait2;end if;when dopenwait2=>if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0'; elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0'; else state<= dopenwait3;end if;when dopenwait3=> dopenled<="011110"; state<= dopenwait4;when dopenwait4=>if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0'; elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0'; else state<= dopenwait5;end if; when dopenwait5=> dopenled<="111111"; state<= dopenwait6; when dopenwait6=>if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0';elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0';else state<= dopenwait7;end if; when dopenwait7=> dopenled<="011110"; state<= dopenwait8; when dopenwait8=>if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0';elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0';else state<= dopenwait9;end if; when dopenwait9=> dopenled<="001100"; state<= dopenwait10; ---display of the opendoor_leds when dopenwait10=>if dclosem='1' then state<= dopenwait9; dclosem<='0';elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0';else state<= dclse;end if; when dclse=>dopenled<="000000";if dat>"0000" then state<= run;else state<= stop;end if; when stop => if dat>"0000" then state<= run;elsif ddelaym='1' then state<= opendoor; ddelaym<='0';else state<= stop;end if;end case;end if;if position=1 then nowfloor<="0001"; floorled<="0001"; elsif position=2 then nowfloor<="0010"; floorled<="0010"; elsif position=3 then nowfloor<="0011"; floorled<="0100"; elsif position=4 then nowfloor<="0100"; floorled<="1000"; else nowfloor<="0000"; floorled<="0000"; end if; ---display of floor_leds end process state_trans;end bhv;综合实现模块：library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity finalctrol is port( clk: in std_logic; up1,up2,up3,stop1,stop2,stop3,stop4,down4,down3,down2: in std_logic;ddelay,dclose: in std_logic;upled,downled: out std_logic;floorled,nowfloor: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);dopenled: out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0)); end finalctrol; architecture arc of finalctrol is component div2Hz port(clk: in std_logic;clkout: out std_logic);end component;component elevator port( clk: in std_logic; up1,up2,up3,stop1,stop2,stop3,stop4,down4,down3,down2: in std_logic;ddelay,dclose: in std_logic;upled,downled: out std_logic;floorled,nowfloor: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);dopenled: out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0));end component; signal clkwire: std_logic; beginU1: div2Hz port map(clk,clkwire); U2:ｅｌｅｖａｔｏｒｐｏｒｔｍａｐ(clkwire,up1,up2,up3,stop1,stop2,stop3,stop4,down4,down3,down2, ddelay,dclose,upled,downled,floorled,nowfloor,dopenled);―――元件例化语句end arc;EDA综合结果：时序仿真波形：心得体会：最后是差不多做出来了，但是这个过程花费了我太多时间、精力！如果我把这些时间分一些出来复习电磁场，或许我的电磁场试卷上就不会有那么多空白、、、EDA，quartusii，是好东西，实用的东西！但是跟其他各种考试一起夹击我，还是觉得有点吃不消，压力太大、、、几乎每一步都不曾顺利，都有各种阻碍，需要我一点点地去探测它，再各种途径认识、了解它，最后克服它，整个过程，遇到的问题就太多太多了，说出来不知道可以写几页，可以说过程十分艰苦，就像在黑夜里徒步穿越一片阴森的树林、、、也怪自己基础、能力太差，不过，最后，总算做出来了，学到不少东西，切实地提高了动手能力，也算值了吧！VHDL，FPGA，真是神奇的东西，就像高级语言一样，只描述电路模块的功能，然后电路生成由软件来完成，甚至都不需要连线，只写好代码就行，切实感觉到了现代电子设计的给力之处！对付errors简单，是语法问题，是普通程序员的活儿；对付warnings难，是逻辑问题，算法问题，是工程师的活儿！对这门课的意见与建议：这是一门好课，非常实用的东西，但是它应该早一点结束！不要等这么久，以为给学生充足的时间去准备，其实大家下去根本没有弄，都是等到要进实验室了才着手准备的！到这几天，各种大作业、各种考试如大军压境，再来个ＥＤＡ，那大家的压力也太大了、、、、２０１１、１２、１６。