IP statistic updates in China for year 2011-CPA Newsletter 2012 Issue 3(English)

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一些常用的英文缩写

一些常用的英文缩写

报刊上常用的:ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行(亚行)AMC asset management company 资产管理公司BOT build-operate-transfer 建设-运营-移交CBRC China Banking Regulatory Commission 中国银行业监督管理委员会(银监会)CGC credit guarantee company 信用担保公司CGS credit guarantee scheme 信用担保制度CIRC China Insurance Regulatory Commission 中国保险监督管理委员会(保监会)CPDF China Project Development Facility(世行)中国项目开发中心CSRC China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证券监督管理委员会(证监会)DFID Department for International Development (of the United Kingdom)英国国际发展部DRC Development Research Center (of the China State Council)国务院发展研究中心EU European Union 欧盟FDI foreign direct investment 外商直接投资FIE foreign invested enterprise 外资企业GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司IPO initial public offering(股票)首次公开发行IPR intellectual property right 知识产权JV joint venture 合资企业MOC Ministry of Commerce 商务部MOF Ministry of Finance 财政部MOFTEC Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation(原)外经贸部MOST Ministry of Science and Technology 科技部NGWT National Guidelines on Water Tariffs 城市供水价格管理办法NPC National People's Congress 全国人大NPL nonperforming loan 不良贷款OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 经合组织PBOC People's Bank of China 中国人民银行(人行)PPA power purchase agreement 购电协议PPI private participation in infrastructure 私营企业参与基础设施建设PRC People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国(中国)PSA private sector assessment 私营部门评估PSD private sector development 私营企业发展PSRP Power Sector Restructuring Plan 电力行业重组计划QFII qualified foreign institutional investor 合格外国机构投资者RCC rural credit cooperative 农村信用社SAIC State Administration of Industry and Commerce 国家工商总局SASAC State Asset Supervision and Administration Commission 国有资产管理委员会(国资委)SDPC State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会(计委)SETC State Economic Trade Commission(原)经贸委SME small and medium enterprise 中小企业SOCB state-owned commercial bank 国有商业银行SOE state-owned enterprise 国有企业SPC Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院SPGC State Power Grid Corporation 国家电网公司TA technical assistance 技术援助(技援)TVE town or village enterprise 乡镇企业UNDP United Nations Development Programme 联合国开发计划署VC venture capital 风险投资WTO World Trade Organization 世贸组织如需转载企业常用,5S : 5S管理ABC : 作业制成本制度(Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 实施作业制预算制度(Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作业制成本管理(Activity-Base Management)APS : 先进规画与排程系统(Advanced Planning and Scheduling) ASP : 应用程序服务供货商(Application Service Provider)ATP : 可承诺量(Available To Promise)AVL : 认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清单(Bill Of Material)BPR : 企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)BSC : 平衡记分卡(Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 计划生产(Build To Forecast)BTO : 订单生产(Build To Order)CPM : 要径法(Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨(Complaint per Million) CRM : 客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 产能需求规划(Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生产(Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驱导式排程法(Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度验证(Design Maturing Testing)DVT : 设计验证(Design Verification Testing) 来自: 友道网DRP : 运销资源计划(Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 决策支持系统(Decision Support System)EC : 设计变更/工程变更(Engineer Change)EC : 电子商务(Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件规格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 电子数据交换(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管决策系统(Executive Information System)EMC : 电磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本经济订购量(Economic Order Quantity)ERP : 企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 应用工程师(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 预估(Forecast)FMS : 弹性制造系统(Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品质量管理(Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC: 制程质量管理(In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 进料质量管理(Incoming Quality Control)ISO : 国际标准组织(International Organization for Standardization) ISAR: 首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)JIT : 实时管理(Just In Time)KM :知识管理(Knowledge Management)L4L : 逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)LTC : 最小总成本法(Least Total Cost)LUC : 最小单位成本(Least Unit Cost)MES : 制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System)MO : 制令(Manufacture Order)MPS : 主生产排程(Master Production Schedule)MRO : 请修(购)单(Maintenance Repair Operation)MRP : 物料需求规划(Material Requirement Planning)MRPII : 制造资源计划(Manufacturing Resource Planning)NFCF : 更改预估量的通知Notice for Changing ForecastOEM : 委托代工(Original Equipment Manufacture)ODM : 委托设计与制造(Original Design & Manufacture)OLAP : 在线分析处理(On-Line Analytical Processing)OLTP : 在线交易处理(On-Line Transaction Processing)OPT : 最佳生产技术(Optimized Production Technology)OQC : 出货质量管理(Out-going Quality Control)PDCA : PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-Action)PDM : 产品数据管理系统(Product Data Management)PERT : 计划评核术(Program Evaluation and Review Technique) PO : 订单(Purchase Order)POH : 预估在手量(Product on Hand)PR : 采购申请Purchase RequestQA : 品质保证(Quality Assurance)QC : 质量管理(Quality Control)QCC : 品管圈(Quality Control Circle)QE : 品质工程(Quality Engineering)RCCP : 粗略产能规划(Rough Cut Capacity Planning)RMA : 退货验收Returned Material ApprovalROP : 再订购点(Re-Order Point)SCM : 供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)SFC : 现场控制(Shop Floor Control)SIS : 策略信息系统(Strategic Information System)SO : 订单(Sales Order)SOR : 特殊订单需求(Special Order Request)SPC : 统计制程管制(Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理论(Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生产管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面质量管理(Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品质管理(Total Quality Management)WIP : 在制品(Work In Process)WTO----world trade organization 世贸CEO----chief executive officer 总裁R&B----research and development 研究开发CAD----computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计CTV----cable television 有线电视PCS----program controltches 程控电话交换机IDD----international direct dialing 国际长途直拨Int-tele----internet telephone 因特网电话Mob tele----mobile telephone 移动电话B-ISTN---- 宽带综合业务数字网E-b----E-business 电子商务SOE----state-owned enterprise 国有企业FIE----foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业FDI----foreign direct investment 外国直接投资JV ----joint venture 合资经营SEZ----special economic zone 经济特区TQC----total quality control 全面质量管理CI ----corporate image 企业形象h.o.---head office 总部IT-----information industry 信息产业memo---memora0000 备忘录5yr-P-----Five-Year Plan 五年计划telcom-----telecommunication 通讯CEO Chief Executive OfficerUN 联合国UNESCO 联合国科教文组织WHO 世界卫生组织OPEC 欧佩克(石油出口国家组织)GATT 关贸总协定OECD 经济合作与发展组织TMF 国家货币基金组织EEC 欧洲经济共同体NATO 北大西洋公约组织VOA 美国之音NY 纽约CBS 哥伦比亚广播公司PBS 美国公共广播电视公司ABC 澳大利亚广播公司BBC 英国广播公司IBM 国际商用电器公司ITT 国际电报电话公司CIA 中央情报局FBI 联邦调查局MIT 麻省理工大学VCLA 加利福尼亚州立大学KKK 三K党ERA 平等权利修正案UPI (美)合众国际社VIP 重要任务POW 战俘GI 美国士兵MP 国会议员(英)JAL 日本航空公司PRC 中华人民共和国CACC 中国民航局AD 公元BC 公元前WWII 第二次世界大战GMT 格林威治标准时间GNP 国民生产总值UFO CTN/CTNS carton/cartons 纸箱C/D customs declaration 报关单C&F cost&freight 成本加运费价C.O certificate of origin 一般原产地证D/A document against acceptance 承兑交单D/P document against payment 付款交单DL/DLS dollar/dollars 美元DOZ/DZ dozen 一打儿EA each 每个,各FAC facsimile 传真G.S.P. generalized system of preferences 普惠制G.W. gross weight 毛重IMP import 进口N.W. net weight 净重PCE/PCS piece/pieces 只、个、支等PKG package 一包、一捆、一扎、一件等T/T telegraphic transfer 电汇W with 具有w/o without 没有WT weight 重量WWW----万维网(World Wide Wdb);Http---超文本传输协议(Hypertext transfer protocol);FTP----文件传输协议(File Transfer Protocol);TCP----传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol);IP-----网际协议(Internet Protocol);ISP----网络服务提供商(Internet Service Provider);DNS----域名服务器(Domain Name Server);IE-----网络浏览器(Internet Explorer);OE-----邮件收发软件(Outlook Express);BBS----电子布告栏系统;OICQ---网上聊天工具;LAN----局域网(Local Area Network);MAN----城域网(Metropolitan Area Network);WAN----广域网(Wide Area Network);A.V. ad valorem从价A.W.B. air waybill空运运单Art.No. Article number货号B/E bill of exchange汇票B/L bill of lading海运提单,提单C.C.V.O. combined certificate of value and origin估价和?shy;产地联合证明书C.O.D. cash on delivery货到付款CAD cash against documents凭单付款CCIB China Commodity Inspection Bureau中国商品检验局CCPIT China Council for Promotion of International Trade中国国际贸易促进会CFR cost and freight 成本加运费价格CIF cost, insurance sand freight 到岸价格D.W.T. deadweight tonnage载重吨位,重量吨位D/A documents against acceptance承兑交单D/C documentary credit跟单信用证D/D demand draft即期汇票D/P documents against payment付款交单D/W deadweight重量货物DAF delivered at frontier边境交货(价)DDP delivered duty paid完税后交货DDU delivered duty unpaid未完税交货DEQ delivered ex quay目的港码头交货DES delivered ex ship目的港船上交货E/D export declaration出口申报单EMP European Main Ports欧洲主要港口EMS Express Mail Service特快专递EXW ex works工厂交货(价)F.C.L. full container load整箱货F.O.B. free carrier离岸价GSP C/O Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin普惠制?shy;产地证明书GSP Form A Generalized System of Preferences Form A普惠制格式AL/C letter of credit信用证L/G letter of guarantee担保书,保证书LCL less than container load拼箱货M/T metric ton公吨P.A particular average单独海损S/D sight draft即期汇票S/N shipping note 装运通知单S/O shipping order装运单(俗称下货纸)U.L. underwriter laboratories inc美国保险人公会所设的检验机构W.R. (W/R)war risk战争险W.W. warehouse to warehouse仓至仓W/M weight or measurement重量或体积Yd(s) yard(s)码A)A.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号A/C = Account 账号AC. = Acceptance 承兑acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条[/color] a/d = after date 出票后限期付款(票据)ad.advt. = advertisement 广告adv. = advice 通知(书)ad val. = Ad valorem(according to value) 从价税A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单Agt. = Agent 代理商AI = first class 一级AM = Amendment 修改书A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇Amt. = Amount 额,金额A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知A.P. = account payable 应付账款A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费A.R. = Account Receivable 应收款Art. = Article 条款,项A/S = account sales 销货清单a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的att,.attn. = attention 注意av.,a/v = average 平均,海损a/v = a vista (at sight) 见票即付(D)DD/A =documents against acceptance, 承兑后交付单= documents for acceptance,= documents attached, 备承兑单据= deposit account 存款账号d/a = days after acceptance 承兑后……日付款D.A. = Debit advice 付款报单D/D,D. = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票d/d = day’s date (days after date) 出票后……日付款d.f.,d.fet. = dead freight 空载运费(船)Disc. = Discount 贴现;折扣DLT = Day Letter Telegram 书信电D/N = debit note 借方通知D/O = delivery order 卸货通知书D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据Dr. = debit debter 借方,债务人d/s. = days’ sight 见票后……日付款DV = Dividends 股利(E)Eea. = each 每,各e.e.E.E. = error excepted 错误除外E/B = Export-Import Bank 进出口银行(美国)enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件E.& O.E. = errors and omissions excepted 错误或遗漏不在此限ETA = estimated time of arrival 预定到达日期ex. = example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,执行官,外汇交换,摘要Exp. = Export 出口(F)f.a.q.=fair average quality 良好平均品质f.a.s.=free alongside ship 船边交货价F.B.E.=foreign bill of exchange 国外汇票f.c.l.=full container load 整个集装箱装满f.d.free discharge 卸货船方不负责F.& D.=Freight and Demurrage 运费及延装费f.i.=free in 装货船方步负责f.i.o.=free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责f.i.o.=free in out stowed and trimming 装卸堆储平仓船方均不负责f.o.=free out 卸货船方不负责f.o.,f/o=firm offer 规定时限的报价f.o.b.=free on board 船上交货价f.o.c.=free of charge免费F.O.I.=free of Interest 免息f.o.r.=free on rail,free on road 火车上交货价f.o.s.=free on steamer 轮船上交货价f.o.t.=free on truck 卡车上交货价f.p.a.=free of particular average 单独海损不保fr.f=franc,from,free 法郎,从,自由FX=Foreign Exchange 外汇(G)Gg=good,goods,gramme 佳,货物,一克G/A=general average 共同海损GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定gm.=gramme 一克g.m.b.=good merchantable brand品质良好适合买卖之货品g.m.q.=good merchantable quality良好可售品质G/N=Guarantee of Notes 承诺保证g.s.w.=gross shipping weight 运输总重量gr.wt.=gross weight 毛重(I)IIATA=International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD=International Bank Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行I/C=Inward Collection 进口托收ICC=International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会IMO=International Money Orders 国际汇票Imp=Import 进口IN=Interest 利息IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金inst.=instant(this month) 本月int.=interest 利息Inv.=Invoice 发票IOU=I owe you 借据I/P=Insurance Policy 保险单I/R=Inward Remittance 汇入汇款ISIC=International Standard Industrial Classification 国际行业标准分类it.=item 项目(K)Kk.=karat(carat) 卡拉(纯金含有度)kg.=keg,kilogramme笑,公斤K.W.=Kilo Watt 千瓦(L)LL/A=Letter of Authorization 授权书lbs.=pounds 磅L/C=Letter of Credit 信用证L/H=General Letter of Hypothecation 质押权利总股定书L/I=Letter of Indemnity赔偿保证书L/G=Letter of Guarantee 保证函l.t.=long ton 长吨(2,240磅)L/T=Letter Telegram 书信电报Ltd.=Limited 有限责任L/U=Letter of Undertaking 承诺书(M)Mm.=mile,metre,mark,month,minute,meridian(noon)哩,公尺,记号,月,分,中午m/d=month after date 出票后……月付款memo.=memorandum 备忘录M.I.P.=marine insurance policy 海上保险单misc.=miscellaneous杂项M/L=more or less增或减M/N=Minimum最低额MO=Money Order拨款单,汇款单,汇票m/s=months after sight见票后……月付款m.s.=mail steamer,mail transfer油船,轮船M.T.=metric ton,mail transfer公吨,信汇M/T=Mail Transfer信汇m.v.=motor vessel轮船MNC=multi-national corporation跨国公司(N)NN.B.=Nota Bene(take notice)注意NO.=number号码n/p=non-payment拒付Nt.Wt=Net Weight净重(O)O.=Order定单,定货O.B/L=Order bill of lading指示式提单O.C.P.=Overland Common Point通常陆上运输可到达地点O/C=Outward Collection出口托收OD.=Overdraft透支O/d=overdraft,on demand透支,要求即付款(票据)O/No.=order number定单编号o.p.=open policy预约保单O/R=Outward Remittance汇出汇款ORT=ordinary telegram寻常电报o/s=on sale,out of stock廉售,无存货O/S=old style老式o.t.=old term旧条件oz=ounce盎斯(P)PP/A,p/a=particular average单独海损pa=power of attorney委任状=private account私人账户p.a.=per annum(by the year)每年p.c.=per cent,petty cash百分比,零用金p.l.=partial loss分损P.&I.=Protection and Indemnity意外险P.&L.=profit and loss益损P.M.O.=postal money order邮政汇票P/N=promissory note本票P.O.B.=postal office box邮政信箱p.o.d.=payment on delivery交货时付款P.O.D.=Pay on Delivery发货付款P/O=Payment Order支付命令P/R=parcel receipt邮包收据prox.=proximo(next month)下月PS.=postscript再启pt.=pint品脱P.T.O.=please turn over请看里面PTL=private tieline service电报专线业务(Q)Qqlty=quality品质qr=quarter四分之一qty=quantity数量quotn=quotation报价单qy=quay码头(R)recd=received收讫recpt=receipt收据ref.=reference参考,关于RFWD=rain,fresh water damage雨水及淡水险remit.=remittance汇款r.m.=ready money,readymade备用金,现成的RM=Remittance汇款R.O.=remittance Order汇款委托书R.P.=reply paid,returnof post邮下或电费预付,请即会示rt.=rate率(S)SS.A.=-Statement of Account账单s.a.=subject to approval以承认(赞成,批准)为条件S/C=sale contract售货合同S/D=sight draft即期汇票S/D=sea damage海水损害SD.=Sundries杂项SE.=Securities抵押品S/N=shipping note装运通知S.O.s.o.=shipping order,seller’s option装船通知书,卖方有权选择S/S,s/s,ss,s.s=steamship轮船s.t.=short ton短吨(T)T/A=telegraphic address电报挂号tgm=telegram电报T.L.O.=total loss only只担保全损(分损不赔)T.M.O.=telegraphic money order电报汇款T.R.=trust receipt信托收据T.T.=telegraphic transfer电汇TPND=theft,pilferage and nondelivery盗窃遗失条款Uult.=ultimo(last month)上月u/w=underwriter保险业者(V)voy.=voyage航次V.V.=Vice Versa反之亦然(W)w.a.=with average水渍险(单独海损赔偿)war=with risk担保一切险W/B=way bill warehouse book货运单,仓库簿wgt=weight重量whf=wharf码头W/M=weight or measurement重量或容量w.p.a.=with particular average单独海损赔偿W.R.=War Risk战争险W.R.=warehouse receipt仓单wt=weight重量(X)x.d.=ex dividend除息XX=good quality良好品质XXX=very good quality甚佳品质XXXX=best quality最佳品质(Y)yd.=yard码yr.=your,year你的,年(Z)Z=Zone地区,地带ZCL=Zone for free Commercial自由贸易区。

TIBCO Spotfire 产品管理方向文件说明书

TIBCO Spotfire 产品管理方向文件说明书

Spotfire Product ManagementTIBCO Spotfire Statement of DirectionThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedtesting, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedtesting, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedtesting, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contents are subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.“Self-service visualization is here, now what?”know what data is available?transform it into the data I need?spot correlations and relationships?predict business behavior?share my insights with others?take action on what I find?be informed when something happens?guide my team to get results?…without buying 8 new tools?How will I…Spotfire helps people explore data fasterThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.Immersive Smart Active Dynamic perspectives Contextual transforms In & out of memory Exploratory discovery Natural language query Best practice heuristicsCustomer/Partner/Industry Learning networks Automatic crowd sourcing Proactive predictions Rich extension API Time/event based updates Continuous snapshots API/SDK for actions Prescriptive actions At Spotfire, everything we do is immersive, smart & activeThemes, Present & FutureCurrent CapabilitiesInstant linked viewsSmart RecommendationsThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contents are subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.33727This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.What we’ve been up to ... (all below in production today)Recommendations Custom Themes Simple Install,Admin Inline Wrangling Cloud-scale Topology Threaded Conversations 7.07.57.67.7New, Unique Visuals Responsive/Mobile Redshift, Odata, Spark SQL, GoogleAnalytics, Auto Profiling Data Expansion DevOps APIs Semantic Catalog Dynamic TERR (feb 2016)This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.Smart Visual Analytics Today•Smart Recommendation-driven insights•Multiple dynamic linked perspectives –no “old school” single page•Fastest in and out of memory data engine for data big and small•Rich, multilayer, accurate maps•Threaded, searchable conversations with annotations and bookmarks•Easy configured process specific analytic applications•Over 40 relational, big data, cloud & proprietary sources, and real-time cachesThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.Inline Predictions TodayΣ•Contextual, “one click” calculations make powerful methods easy to use: descriptive stats, similarity , clustering, correlations, fitting, forecast•Unique commercial engine for open source R, 5-50x faster•Any statistic can be part of Spotfire visual aggregations or expression language•Data functions allow embedding IP in easy to use apps, governance & sharing•Property controls to configure intuitive custom UIsThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.Hybrid-Cloud Scale Today•Simplified installation & install documentation•Automated and more efficientspread of load across multiple machines and cores•Dedicate server resources to critical reports, or isolategroups and departments from each other•All new web based admin consoles•Central administration and automatic upgrades of SpotfireWeb Player and Spotfire Automation ServicesThis document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the planned testing, releaseand availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contentsare subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.What’s next ... (not necessarily this order)This document (including, without limitation, any product roadmap or statement of direction data) illustrates the plannedtesting, release and availability dates for TIBCO products and services. It is for informational purposes only and its contents are subject to change without notice. © Copyright 2000-2016 TIBCO Software Inc.。

统一访问网关UAG部署和安全最佳实践

统一访问网关UAG部署和安全最佳实践
• Deployment settings
– Networking – Storage – Appliance Sizing – System
• Configuration settings
– Certificates – Edge Services – Authentication Methods
credentialProfileName=awsProfile
# type, region and image instanceType=rge region=us-east-2 amiId=ami-1334b87b
#Network settings
subnetId0=subnet-5c933425 securityGroupId0=sg-00877c3367 publicIPId0=eipalloc-027afa45f1
Horizon Connection Server 4
With Unified Access Gateway
DMZ
Server Networks
External Users
Unified Access Gateway 1
Unified Access Gateway 2
Horizon Connection Server 1
基础架构应用解决方案云计算大数据数据中心智慧itit架构人工智能
统一访问网关UAG部署和安全 最佳实践
Agenda
Deployment Upgrade Security and Compliance DMZ Edge Authentication for Horizon
2
Writing on the Wall: Use Unified Access Gateway for Everything

中国互联网用户增加报告英文作文

中国互联网用户增加报告英文作文

中国互联网用户增加报告英文作文The Number of Internet Users in China is Growing So Fast!Hi everyone! My name is Xiaoming and I'm a 4th grade student in Beijing. Today I want to tell you all about how the use of the internet is really taking off in China. It's so exciting!First, let me give you some big numbers. As of last year, there were over 1 billion internet users in China! That's almost a third of the entire population using the internet. Isn't that crazy? My parents said that when they were kids barely anyone used the internet at all. Now it seems like everyone is online.The number of people in China going online has been growing at a super rapid pace year after year. In just the last five years alone, over 200 million new internet users were added. That means the total number of internet users in the whole country increased by almost 25% in a very short period of time. The growth has been mind-blowing!There are a few key reasons why internet usage has exploded so quickly in my country. The first is the rise of smartphones and mobile data plans. Nowadays, you see people using their phones to access the internet literally everywhere - on the subway, waiting in line, even walking down the street. Myparents got me my first smartphone last year and I use it to go online all the time, especially for watching videos and playing games.Secondly, internet infrastructure has improved drastically, especially in big cities like where I live. We have extensive 4G coverage and fiber optic broadband internet in most urban areas now. Downloads are fast, video streaming is smooth, and it's just an all-around better online experience compared to the old dial-up days.Another reason is that more and more services have moved online in China - shopping, payments, entertainment, you name it. E-commerce is huge and platforms like Taobao and are super popular with my parents for buying things. Then you have apps and websites for video, music, games, chatting with friends, and so much else. Honestly, for my generation, a big part of our lives happens over the internet.The government has also pushed to expand internet connectivity in rural areas through projects building out infrastructure. While cities have been quicker to adopt the internet, usage rates are rising across the whole country, urban and rural alike. No matter where you live in China, getting online is becoming the norm.With so many more people in China using the internet for so many different purposes, some new trends have emerged. For example, live streaming has taken off in a big way, with regular people broadcasting themselves doing all kinds of activities like singing, playing video games, or just chatting. Some top live streamers have hundreds of thousands of fans watching them! It's kind of crazy but also fascinating.Another interesting trend is the huge popularity of domestic online video platforms. While international services like YouTube are blocked, we have our own video sites like Youku, iQiyi, and Bilibili. Tons of Chinese web shows, movies, and videos get uploaded there and they have hundreds of millions of viewers. I'm honestly a big fan of Bilibili which has a lot of great animated shows and gaming videos.Overall, the growth of the internet in China has been simply staggering. What was once an urban novelty has become a part of daily life for people all across the country, young and old. As a member of the latest generation, I can't even imagine life without the internet! While there are downsides like tech addiction that need to be managed, I'm really excited to see how internet usage continues evolving in China in the coming years.Who knows what amazing new trends and technologies are still to come? I for one can't wait to ride that wave of progress!。

2023年中国IP行业现状深度分析与投资前景预测报告报告模板

2023年中国IP行业现状深度分析与投资前景预测报告报告模板
5G、AI等新技术的涌现正在改变着每一个环节随着互联网的快速发展 , IP行业也正在经历一场前所未有的变革 。这个行业涵盖了从内容创作 、版权保护 、授权交 易到衍生品开发等多个环节 ,而每一个环节都正在被新技术和新模式所改变 。首先 ,我们可以看到IP内容创作的现 状 。在这个数字化的时代 , 内容创作已经不再局限于传统的文字 、图片和视频 ,而是扩展到了虚拟世界 、游戏 、社 交媒体等多个领域 。随着5G 、AI等新技术的不断涌现 ,越来越多的创作者开始借助这些工具和平台 , 以更加灵活、自由的方式进行创作 。 同时 ,消费者对于内容的需求也在不断升级 ,他们不仅需要高质量的作品 ,还需要个性化、多元化的内容 。其次 ,我们来看看IP版权保护的现状 。在这个数字化时代 ,版权保护成为了IP行业的一个重要问题。创新技术和法律手段是加强版权保护的关键尽管已经有不少技术手段和法律措施来保护版权 ,但侵权行为仍然屡禁不止 。这不仅损害了创作者的利益 ,也影响 了整个行业的健康发展 。因此 ,我们需要更多的创新技术和法律手段来加强版权保护 ,确保创作者的权益得到保障 。 再次 ,我们来看看IP授权交易的现状 。IP授权是指将知识产权转化为商业价值的过程 。在这个过程中 ,授权方需要 将知识产权授权给被授权方使用 ,而被授权方则需要按照协议支付一定的费用 。 目前 , IP授权已经成为了一个非常 成熟的行业 ,但仍然存在一些问题 。例如 ,授权期限过长 、授权费用不合理等问题都可能导致授权方和被授权方的 利益失衡 。因此 ,我们需要建立更加公正 、透明的授权交易机制 ,确保双方都能够获得合理的利益。
动漫5G游戏
IP行业市场趋势分析
网络文学
IP行业
影视
IP行业市场规模及增长趋势Market size and growth trend of the IP industry

Unit1ScienceandScientists词汇一轮复习课件-高中英语人教版选择性

Unit1ScienceandScientists词汇一轮复习课件-高中英语人教版选择性

2. _fr_u_s_t_r_a_te__ v. 使恼怒;挫败→ _fr_u_s_t_r_a_te__d__ adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ _fr_u_s_t_r_a_ti_o_n__ n. 懊恼;沮丧;受挫
3. _c_o_n_t_r_a_d_ic_t__ v. 同……矛盾;反驳→ _c_o_n_t_r_a_d_ic_t_o_r_y_ adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
名师指津
课后作业
名师指津
名师指津
一、单句语法填空 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. I think China is a country with _m__u_l_t_ip_l_e_ (multiply) cultures.
在名词cultures前作定语,要用形容词,表示“多种多 样的”。
2. This is the oldest working __m__e_c_h_a_n_i_c_a_l_ (mechanic) clock in the world.
gifted
名师指津
在名词pianist前作定语,要用形容词,表示“有天 赋的”。
steadily
修饰动词has been increasing作状语,要用副词,表 示“平稳地;稳定地”。
名师指津
9. One of the _a_s_t_ro__n_o_m__e_r_s_ (astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise.
由空前的one of可知,要用复数形式。
10. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching _a_s_s_i_s_ta__n_t_ (assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.

chinadaily双语新闻:互联网IP地址即将用尽

chinadaily双语新闻:互联网IP地址即将用尽

英语资源频道为⼤家整理的china daily 双语新闻:互联IP地址即将⽤尽,供⼤家阅读参考。

The Internet is running out of addresses. With everything from smartphones to Internet-linked appliances and cars getting online, the group entrusted with organizing the Web is running out of the "IP" numbers that identify destinations for digital traffic. The touted solution to the problem is a switch to a standard called IPv6 that allows trillions of Internet addresses, while the current IPv4 standard provides a meager four billion or so. ICANN has been calling for a change to IPv6 for years but websites and Internet service providers have been clinging to the old standard since the birth of the Internet. "One of the reasons it has taken so long to change is that there is no obvious advantage or killer application for IPv6," Colitti said. The number of addresses that IPv6 allows for amounts to 340 "undecillion" (followed by 36 zeroes); enough for a trillion people to each be assigned trillions of IP numbers, according to ICANN chief Rod Beckstrom. With about seven billion people on the planet, the IPv4 protocol doesn't allow for everyone to have a gadget with its own online address. The situation has been equated to not having enough telephone numbers for everyone. Once the supply of IPv4 addresses ICANN distributes to the five regional centers around the world are gone, computers and other gadgets might have to start sharing instead of having unique identifying numbers. "You will start to share with your neighbors, and that causes problems because applications can't distinguish you apart," Colitti said. "If your neighbor ends up in a blacklist, you will too." World IPv6 Day will start at 0001 GMT on June 8. In a worst case scenario, running out of IPv4 addresses with no switch to IPv6 would mean new gadgets wouldn't be able to connect to the Internet because addresses weren't available, according to ICANN. 全球互联IP地址即将⽤尽。

面向自然语言处理的大规模汉藏(藏汉)双语语料库构建技术研究

面向自然语言处理的大规模汉藏(藏汉)双语语料库构建技术研究

面向自然语言处理的大规模汉藏(藏汉)双语语料库构建技术研究才让加【摘要】双语语料库建设及其自动对齐研究对计算语言学的发展具有重要的意义.目前国内外已建立了各类汉荚双语语料库以及服务于汉英机器翻译的双语对齐语料库和短语库.为了少数民族语言的机器翻译的研究从一开始就从较高起点起步,需要对汉藏双语文本的篇章级、段落级、句子级自动对齐技术进行研究,为开发和研究汉藏机器翻译奠定基础.主要研究汉藏双语语料库对齐、汉藏双语词典抽取、双语语料的收集、整理、存储以及检索等关键技术.最终研究结果是藏文编码的自动识别与转换技术,藏语语料库构建技术、汉藏双语词典抽取技术、汉藏平行语料库句子和词语对齐技术,并建立面向汉藏机器翻译的大规模汉藏双语对齐语料库.%The obstruction of bilingual Corpus and its automatic alignment research are of vital importance for the development of the computational linguistics. So far various types of Chinese-English bilingual corpus, including substantial sentnece aligned corpus for MT, have been developed both in China and abroad. In order to start the MT research involving minority with the state-of-arts technology, the research on the automatic alignments at the discourse level, paragraph level and sentence level between the Chinese and Tibetan vi-texts are necessary. This paper introduces a project on the Sino-Tibetanbilingual corpus alignments, the Chinese -Tibetan bilingual dictionary extraction, and the key technologies in the corpus collection, storage and retrieval. The project has accomplished such technologies as the Tibetan coding identification and conversion, thTibetan corpus construction, the Sino-Tibetan bilingual dictionary extraction, the Sino-Tibetan sentence alignment and word alignments, and finally achieving a large-scale aligned Sino-Tibetan bilingual corpus for Chinese-Tibetan machine translation.【期刊名称】《中文信息学报》【年(卷),期】2011(025)006【总页数】5页(P157-161)【关键词】汉藏机器翻译;汉藏双语语料库;编码;对齐技术【作者】才让加【作者单位】青海师范大学计算机学院青海师范大学藏文信息处理省部共建教育部重点实验室青海省藏文信息研究中心,青海西宁810008【正文语种】中文【中图分类】FP3911 序言近年来,语料库资源对于自然语言处理研究的巨大价值已经得到越来越多学者的认可。

高考总复习 英语4-2

高考总复习  英语4-2

vi.&
答案:1.statistic 2.struggle
5.output 6.crop 7.hunger
3.decade
4.super
9.battle 14.export
8.disturbing 13.grain
10.rid 11.therefore 12.equip 15.nationality 16.occupation 19.pest 23.focus 20.nutrition
17.regret
18.bacteria
21.mineral 22.discovery 26.skim 27.underline
24.soil 25.root
ment
必修四
英语
高考总复习人教版
1.______________vt.& vi.日晒;日灼;晒黑
→______________adj.起晒斑的;晒黑的 2.______________vt.& vi.使变大;伸展;阐述 →__________n. 3.______________vt.& vi.循环;流传 →______________n. 循环;环流;运行 4.______________vt.使迷惑;使为难
必修四
英语
高考总复习人教版
5.是什么使你这么想的?(用lead) ______________________________________________
________________________________
答案:What led you to think so?
必修四
英语
高考总复习人教版
→______________n.混淆;混乱

专题09 外卖订餐-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练

专题09 外卖订餐-备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练

备战2023中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)专题09 外卖订餐(2022·山东日照·中考真题)After work, you go back home, open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (投递) your home. This is how many young people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Network Information Center. 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s just half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most? For sure, it is mainly young people. A recent report by Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3% of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people are the main force driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families depend largely on food delivery services, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7% of families have only one person. But this number increased to 15.6% in 2017. Two-person families rose from 18.4% in 2002 to 27.2% in 2017. For small families, cooking always takes a lot of time and energy, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also made more customers interested. According to Meituan’s report, the average (平均) time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2020. Many delivery apps are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and even flowers. As their services continue to improve, it’s certain that the food delivery industry will keep growing in the future.1.The writer introduces the topic by _________.A.giving an example B.telling a storyC.making a comparison D.answering a question2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.86.3% of Internet users order food online.B.Food delivery has developed rapidly.C.Food delivery is popular with young people.D.Most Internet users like to order food on Meituan.3.Why has ordering food online become more popular?A.People are lazier than before.B.People aren’t good at cooking.C.Families prefer different food.D.Families are becoming smaller.4.What does the writer think of the food delivery industry?A.It will be growing well.B.Its service badly needs improving.C.It shouldn’t offer other services.D.Its development will slow down.(2021·山东滨州·中考真题)It seems that food deliverymen (送货员) are always rushing in haste. We can always see them running every minute, and they seem to have lots of things to do the next minute. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets (头盔) and many of them don’t follow traffic rules. They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights. They use mobile phones when they are driving.However, not everything goes well with food deliverymen. In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai. That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road.What makes deliverymen take such risks? The strict rules of the food delivery companies and the worried customers may be the answer. Many companies will fine (罚款) a deliveryman up to 2,000 yuan if he can’t deliver the food on time, reported China Daily. Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers.To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to do some changes. Some cities are also taking action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a deliveryman breaks traffic rules more than twice, then he can’t do the job for a whole year.5.The underlined phrase “in haste” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______ in Chinese.A.匆忙地B.慢慢地C.意外地D.犹豫地6.The first paragraph mainly tells us that many food deliverymen ______.A.work very hard B.break traffic rulesC.are good at driving D.use mobile phones too much7.How many reasons are mentioned for deliverymen’s taking risks of breaking traffic rules?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.8.If a food deliveryman ______, the companies will fine him.A.drives too slowly B.delivers food on timeC.obeys traffic rules D.gets bad reviews from his customers9.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.Traffic rules are too strict to deliverymen.B.Food deliverymen cannot drive on important roads in the future.C.Some cities are working to solve the problem and make things better.D.All the companies in China train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety.(2022·内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第一中学三模)Ordering food has never become easier. All you need to do is just open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered(递送)to your home—thisis how people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Information Center, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s half of the total number of Internet users in China._________. Unsurprisingly, it’s mainly young people. A recent report from Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people are the main force making the development of the food delivery industry(行业).Small families depend greatly on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2004, only 7.7 percent of people lived alone. But this number added up to 15.6 percent in 2019. For small families, cooking takes more time, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also attracted more customers. According to Meituan’s report, the time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Meituan is also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and flowers. As its services improve, it’s likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing.10.According to the passage, how many Internet users are there in China?A.210.5 million.B.222 million C.421 million.D.842 million.11.Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank"_________"in Paragraph 2.A.Who is ordering food online the most?B.Who is delivering the food to your home?C.What's the most popular food delivery app?D.How old are the users of food delivery services? 12.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and 4?A.Fewer people lived alone in China in 2019.B.The food delivery industry has many problems.C.Food delivery takes longer because of more customers.D.Small families make food delivery service more popular.13.What is the passage mainly about?A.The changed world.B.A food ordering app.C.The food delivery industry.D.Young people’s eating habits.(2022·河北保定·一模)Open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered (递送) to your home—this is how many people eat in China these days. According to the latest data (数据), about 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s equal to half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most nowadays? Unsurprisingly, it’s mainly young people.A recent report showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people, whoare more likely (可能的) to live in small families, are the major force (力量) driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families depend greatly on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past decade. In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families were single-person house holds. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002 to 27.2 in 2017. For small families, cooking is relatively (相对) more time-consuming, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also attracted more customers. According to Meituan’s report, the average time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2019. Many delivery platforms are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and flowers. As its services continue to improve, it’s likely that the food delivery industry will keep growing. 14.How many Chinese people are ordering food online these days?A.About 421 million.B.Half of 421 million.C.About 363 million.D.Less than 210 million.15.What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?A.The food delivery industry has a bright future.B.All kinds of things can be delivered quickly.C.Chinese families prefer to order food online.D.Food delivery services have improved completely.16.The passage is mainly about ________.A.a food ordering app B.the food delivery industryC.single-person families D.young people’s eating habits(2022·湖南长沙·模拟预测)After work, you go back home, open an app, place your order, and wait for your food to be delivered to your home. This is how many young people eat in China these days. According to the latest report from the China Internet Network Information Center, 421 million Chinese people use online food delivery services. That’s equal to half of the total number of Internet users in China.Which group of people is ordering food online the most? For sure, it is mainly young people. A recent report that was published by the China Hospitality Association and Meituan, a food delivery service, showed that 86.3 percent of the service’s users are between 20 and 34 years old. These people, are the main force driving the development of the food delivery industry.Small families rely largely on food delivery services. According to the National Bureau Statistics, Chinese families have changed in size over the past ten years. In 2002, only 7.7 percent of families have only one person. But this number increased to 15.6 percent in 2017. The percentage of two-person families rose from 18.4 in 2002to 27.2 in 2017. For small families, cooking always takes a lot of time and energy, so ordering food online has become more popular.The improvement of China’s food delivery services has also made more customers interested. According to Meituan’s report, the average(平均的) time it takes to make a food delivery dropped from 38 minutes in 2016 to 29 minutes in 2020. Many delivery platforms are also offering more services, delivering products such as fruit, vegetables, medicine and even flowers. As their services continue to improve, it’s certain that the food delivery industry will keep growing in the future.17.The writer leads into the topic by ________.A.giving an example B.telling a story C.making a comparison18.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.Food delivery has developed rapidly.B.Food delivery is popular with young peopleC.More and more people will live in small families.19.The underlined word “rely” in the passage has the same meaning as “________”.A.work B.come C.depend20.According to the Paragraph 4, more people are interested in China’s food delivery services because of ________.(1) varied products(2) the terrible weather(3) deliverymen’s kindness(4) the fast speed of deliveryA.(1)(4)B.(3)(4)C.(2)(3)21.What’s the best title for this passage?A.China’s food delivery industry is growingB.Fewer people in China like home cookingC.The number of Internet users in China is rising(2021·浙江·模拟预测)During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies are playing an important role in a time of quarantines(隔离). And these technologies may have a long-lasting influence beyond COVID-19.Online shopping and robot deliveriesCOVID-19 has changed online shopping from a nice-to-have to a must-have around the world. Some bars in Beijing have even continued to offer happy hours through online orders and delivery.In-person delivery is not safe. Many delivery companies and restaurants in the US and China are offering contactless delivery services where goods are picked up and dropped off from a safe distance rather than from or into the hands of a person.Digital and contactless paymentsCash might carry the virus, so central banks in China, US and South Korea have taken measures to ensure banknotes are clean before they go into circulation(流通). Now, Digital payments make it much faster and easier to pay online.However, according to the World Bank, there are more than 1.7 billion un-banked people, who may have difficulty in paying online. As we know, digital payments also depend on the Internet.Distance learningAs of mid-April, in 191 countries, many schools and universities started offering courses online to ensure education was not stopped by quarantine measures. Virtual reality, 3D printing and AI robot teachers are three main kinds of technologies of distance learning.However, distance learning could also create economic pressure on _________—especially women—who need to stay at home to watch their children and may face loss of work.22.The word “contactless” in Paragraph 3 is opposite to _________.A.in-person B.distant C.digital D.separated23.According to the last paragraph, which of the following can be fit in “_________”?A.teachers B.parents C.scientists D.bankers24.From the two paragraphs beginning with “However”, the writer shows _________ about these technologies. A.anger B.worries C.expectations D.interests25.All the technologies mentioned above have a great effect on _________ during the COVID-19 pandemic. A.digital payment B.online shoppingC.people’s daily life D.students’ learning(2022·吉林·长春市净月实验中学模拟预测)Do you love fast food? Why? How often do you eat it? 200 people joined our survey. And here is the result.Chart 1: How often do you eat fast food?Chart 2: Why do you love fast food?26.________ of the people eat fast food once a week.A.14%B.28%C.8%D.44%27.6% of the people eat fast food ________.A.twice a week B.three times a week C.more than three times a week D.every day28.44 people love fast food because it's ________.A.cheap B.delicious C.healthy D.convenient29.________ of the people like fast food because they can take it away.A.12%B.14%C.22%D.24%30.What can we learn from the result?A.All people love fast food.B.Fast food makes people fat.C.People eat fast food on weekends.D.Some people don't know what food is healthier.(2022·广东·二模)Isn’t fast food delicious? Aren’t fast food restaurants cool? ... The answer to these questions is yes.However, there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life. And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken, which we enjoy so much, can cause a lot of health problems.In spite of (尽管) this, why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)? The first and most important reason is that their service is fast. Their staff(员工) are friendly and very smart-looking in their clean and bright uniforms(制服). Moreover, most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by. It is so easy to grab a burger and eat on the way to work.Fast food is often so conveniently packed(包装方便) that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it. Fast food restaurants are also very clean. A lot of clever ads(广告) have made them the coolest places in town, but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.Such attractive places are selling junk food! Isn’t it a pity? Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible, healthy and fresh food?Well, why not?As people realize the health problems that fast food causes, it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date. It may happen sooner or later.Therefore, instead of resisting(抵制) fast food restaurants, a better idea may be to persuade(说服) them to change their menu! Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body. If they could combine(结合) healthy food with their speed of service, delicious tastes and comfortable feelings, that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!31.What does “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Fast food is delicious.B.Fast food restaurants are cool.C.People enjoy fast food.D.Fast food can cause health problems.32.Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it’s ________.A.delicious B.fastC.healthy D.unhealthy33.Which word can replace the word “grab” in Paragraph 3?A.move suddenly B.get quicklyC.throw quickly D.carry carefully34.According to the passage, ads about fast food ________.A.show you all the facts B.don’t tell you the whole truthC.make it hard to buy fast food D.make fast food restaurants out of date35.The author advises ________.A.making the service of fast food faster B.resisting fast food restaurantsC.changing tastes of fast food D.making fast food good for health参考答案:1.A2.C3.D4.A【导语】本文主要向大家介绍了中国的食品配送行业的相关情况。

企业英文缩写大全

企业英文缩写大全

企业英文缩写大全5S : 整理(SEIRI)、整頓(SEITON)、清掃(SEISO)、清潔(SEIKETSU)及身美(SHITSUKE)五種行為ABC : 作業製成本制度(Activity-Based Costing)ABB : 實施作業制預算制度(Activity-Based Budgeting)ABM : 作業製成本管理(Activity-Base Management)APS : 先進規畫與排程系統(Advanced Planning and Scheduling)ASP : 應用程式服務供應商(Application Service Provider)ATP : 可承諾量(Available To Promise)AVL : 認可的供應商清單(Approved Vendor List)BOM : 物料清單(Bill Of Material)BPR : 企業流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)BSC : 平衡記分卡(Balanced ScoreCard)BTF : 計畫生產(Build To Forecast)BTO : 訂單生產(Build To Order)CPM : 要徑法(Critical Path Method)CPM : 每一百萬個使用者會有幾次抱怨(Complaint per Million)CRM : 客戶關係管理(Customer Relationship Management)CRP : 產能需求規劃(Capacity Requirements Planning)CTO : 客制化生產(Configuration To Order)DBR : 限制驅導式排程法(Drum-Buffer-Rope)DMT : 成熟度驗證(Design Maturing Testing)DVT : 設計驗證(Design Verification Testing)DRP : 運銷資源計畫(Distribution Resource Planning)DSS : 決策支援系統(Decision Support System)EC : 設計變更/工程變更(Engineer Change)EC : 電子商務(Electronic Commerce)ECRN : 原件規格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EDI : 電子資料交換(Electronic Data Interchange)EIS : 主管決策系統(Executive Information System)EMC : 電磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)EOQ : 基本經濟訂購量(Economic Order Quantity)ERP : 企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning)FAE : 應用工程師(Field Application Engineer)FCST : 預估(Forecast)FMS : 彈性製造系統(Flexible Manufacture System)FQC : 成品品質管制(Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC : 制程品質管制(In-Process Quality Control)IQC : 進料品質管制(Incoming Quality Control)SPC : 統計制程管制(Statistic Process Control)TOC : 限制理論(Theory of Constraints)TPM : 全面生產管理Total Production ManagementTQC : 全面品質管制(Total Quality Control)TQM : 全面品質管理(Total Quality Management)WIP : 在製品(Work In Process)ABC Absolute Best Cost (is a procurement strategy to secure thebest costs for a part)AFR Annual Failure ReturnETD Estimated time of departure 估計出發時間ETA Estimated time of arriveAMO After Market OptionsWWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) 是指傳輸範圍可跨越國家或不同城市之間的無線網路AN The product line code for MCD COMMERCIAL regionsAPJ Asia Pacific and JapanAPL Approved Partner ListFPC PCB" 柔性電路板(柔性RMAPCB): 簡稱"軟板", 又稱"柔性線路板", 也稱"軟性線路板、撓性線路板"或"軟性電路板、撓性電路板","FPCB, Flexible and Rigid-Flex". APO Advanced Planning OptimizationASN Advance Shipment NoticeASP Average Selling PriceATP Acknowledge to Production (order acknowledgement methodology) AUP Average Unit Price (sometimes used interchangeably with ASP)AV Refers to the Marketing Feature level of the BOM (2nd level). Is unique by family/platform/business modelAVL Approved Vendor ListAVLC Available Vendor List CandidateBCPL Blind Corporate Price List - When a product becomes "orderable" for the customerBDD Business Desktop Division - Is now defunct - the HP legacy busines desktop groupBOM Bill of MaterialBPN Business Products North America (Pre-Merger HP term for North America region…sometimes referred to as PPMD)BRD Business Requirements DocumentBRP Business Revenue PlanBT Build TriggerBTCO Build to Customer OrderBTO Build to OrderBTS Build-to-stock (situation where you ask factory to build units and stock FGI at their site before orders arrive)CDS Compal Direct ShipCFZ Code FreezeCIR Consumer IR(OEIC) 光電子集成電路CM Contract ManufacturersCNY Chinese New YearCO Customer Order (a term used in ICON - it is how daily demand is input into ICON) OR Change OrderCOA Certificate of Authenticity - most commonly refers to the Microsoft licensing label that is used on our PCsCRT 阴极射线管(Cathode Ray Tube)的显示器COGS Cost of Goods Sold (usually represented as a percentage of revenue) COS Cost of SalesCPB Company Performance BonusCPC Consumer PC Division - refers to the consumer desktop division based in Cupertino, CaliforniaCPL Corporate Price ListCPMO Region: China (refers to both their operations region and their regional manufacturing site)CPP Commodity Purchase PlanCPU Central Processing UnitCT Commodity TrackingCTO Configure to OrderCWSP Confirmed Weekly Shipment PlanDB Design BuildDC Distribution CenterDIB Drop in BoxDO Design Objective (Project or PLC Milestone - Establish Objectives of a project or new part)DoD Department of DefenseDOS Days of SupplyDR Delivery Request (An order placed by the region on the ODM for delivery)DRCD Driver CDDSM Demand Supply MatchingDSP Depot-Specific Supply Chain - ICON term to describe where/how a product is distributed in the MRP toolFW Firm wareECO Enterprise Core ObjectsECO Engineering Change OrderECR Engineering Change RecordEMEA Europe, Middle-East and Africa (is the Europe region)EOL End of LifeEPC Electronic Product Code (RFID technology provider)ESG Enteriprise Systems GroupEDID Extended Display Identification DATA,即扩展显示识别数据EURP End-User Replaceable PartsFCS First Customer ShipFCT Factory Cycle Time (measures the time it takes the factory to produce and ship the product once they have the ually measured in days) FDD Floppy Disk DriveFLC Factory Learning CurveFPU Factory Produce Unit (IPG term)FTO Flexible Time-off (HP term for vacation time)GBU General Base Unit (Pre-merger HP) OR…General Business Unit (new HP)GFI Go For Intro (PLC and project milestone - indicates this project is ready to start implementation)GPS Global Procurement ServicesHDD Hard Disk DriveHDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection)HOI HP-Owned InventoryHPD HP DirectHPS HP ServicesI/L Investigation to Lab (PLC milestone - freezes product definition)IDC Inventory Driven CostsIDP Individual Development PlanIDS International Direct ShipOOC Out of characterIES Inventec ChinaIPO International Procurement Organization - now called GPS in some entitiesIQDC Integrated Quality Data CollectionIUR IXXXX Unit RequestPP SAMPLE SP : 指產品的打樣制作;Sample PhasePP :指產品小批量試做;Production PhaseMP :指產品進入大量生產Mass PhaseIWT Inter Warehouse Transfer (a term used in ICON that gives the value of the demand plan per sku)KMAT Configurable Material (SAP term)KV The product line code for MCD RETAIL regionsKWL Keyboard Warning LabelLADO Region: Latin America (Latin America Distribution Organization) LCD Liquid Crystyal DisplayLCPL Live Customer Product List - product number and pricing visibleLi-ION Lithion-Ion: Battery technologyLT Lead TimeLTB Last Time Buy - is used when a component/product is going to become EOLMADP Most Accurate Demand PlanMAP Material Availability Plan OR Mobile Attainment Plan (used by Marketing Ops to outline the volumes we want to ship from a revenue standpoint)MAS Material Availbility Split - HP internal term to refer to our tool/process to support material availability visibility to the regionsMCD Mobile Computing Division (pre-merger HP Mobile Computing Division)MDL Module - is a MCD feature naming convention for Floppy Disk Drive or Optical Disk DriveMF Marketing ForecastMIR Mail In RebateMIT Multimedia Integration TestMOH Manufacturing OverheadMP Mass ProductionMR Manufacturing Release (PLC milestone - beginning of volume production)MRD Marketing Requirements DocumentMRP Materials Requirement PlanningMSP Master Shipment PlanMTD Month to DateMV Manufacturing ValidationNA Another name for North America COMMERCIALNACC North America Consumer Computing - refers to the NA consumer regionNAM North America RegionNB NotebookNiMH Nickel-Metal Hydride: Battery technology (boy…this is old!)NPI New Product IntroductionNRP Net Requirement PlanOCT Order Cycle TimeODD Optical Disk DriveODM Original Design ManufacturerOEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOH On-Hand (usually refers to inventory)OP Order ProcessingOPEC Oem Product data management External Collaboration for PSGOS Operating SystemOSS Outsourced serviceOT OvertimeOTS Observation Tracking SystemPCB Printed Circuit BoardPCBA Printed Ciruit Board AssemblyPDD Program Definition DocumentsPDG Product Data GenerationPDM BOM Data Warehouse System (Product Data Management) 產品資料管理系統PL Product LinePLC Product Life CyclePMC Pre-Merger CompaqPMH Pre-Merger Hewlett-PackardPMP Process Management PlanPNOP Part number on PartPO Purchase order订单pxe 網絡啟動模式POD Print On DemandTPM Total Productive Management全面生產管理POR Plan of Record (a general "roadmap" of a product that indicates estimated product forecast, features, etc.)PPMD Region: North America (Personal Information Products Manufacturing & Distribution) or BPN (see above)PRISM Preinstall Reengineering Initiative of Software Manufacturing PSDA Region: Asia PacificPSDE Region: EuropePSG Personal Systems GroupPTRPTT Post, Telegraph and Telephone AuthorityPV Product ValidationPWSP Preliminary Weekly Shipping PlanQBR Quarterly Business ReviewR10 SCITS Material Availability report (is at subassembly level)R11 SCITS Open Orders at the ODMR12 SCITS Shipments from the factoryR16 SCITS Factory BOMR5 SCITS Inventory reportRACDRACD Region Applicatioin CDRAD Reseller Arrival DatesRAM Random Access MemoryRAR Regional Allocation RulesRASRCD Recovery Compact Disc (Includes Windows, etc.)RCTO Regional Configure to Order - describes the SC postponement model where regionally-managed factories configure notebook unitsRDP Regional Demand PlanRFS Required for SetupRICAR Regional Inventory Cost Allocation Rules (used for allocating inventory costs back to the regions)RMN Regulatory Model NumberRMA Return(ed) Material AuthorizationROW Rest of WorldRQM Release Qual MatrixRSBT Radically Simple Better Together (Marketing Value Proposition for HP products)RSL Recommended Spares ListRSN Regional Supply Netting (solution until SNP)RT MCD code name for the US retail regionRTF Read This FirstRTP Release to Production - describes an order management methodology where orders are released only to available supplySA Subassembly (is the 3rd level of the BOM) and is the level at which regional DSM occursSCBO Supply Chain Business Operations (formerly PSDE, Europe region) SCITS Supply Chain Information Transfer Standard - the standard we use to transfer data between ODM, regions and GBUSCM Support Configuration MatrixSI System IntegrationSKU Stock-Keeping Unit (HP classic uses sku to refer to a model number) SKU Store Keeping UnitSLA Service Level AgreementSMB Small-Medium BusinessSMBC Small-Medium Business and ConsumerSMI Supplier Managed InventorySMT Surface Mounted Technology (used in motherboard preparation) SNP APO Module: Supply Network PlanningSOI Supplier-Owned InventorySR Ship Release (What the delivery engineers must do before a sku can be ordered by the regions)SRP SKU Reengineering ProcessST Sell-ThroughSVTP System Validation Test PlanSWMR Software Manufacturing Release (?)TAC Transfer at Cost - often refers to units we sell internally (for new employee equipemnt setup, etc)TAT Turn Around TimeTCE Total Customer ExperienceUAT User Acceptance TestUCUDF Unit Configuration User Defined Format, pre-CompeqUI User InterfaceVAR Value-Added ResellerVCM Variable Contribution MarginVMI Vendor Managed InventoryWDP Weekly Demand Plan (the same as Weekly Shipping Plan)WIF "What-if" demand - used primarily by NACC to describe their uncommitted demand scenarioWOS Weeks of SupplyWPTR Worldwide Product Tracking Record, pre-HPWSP Weekly Shipping PlanWWF Worldwide FulfillmentWWP Worldwide PlanningWWSNRS World Wide Serial Number Repository。

雅信达网络练习翻译

雅信达网络练习翻译

雅信达网络练习翻译Unit 11.无论何人,何时,何地都应遵纪守法(observe disciplines and obey laws)。

(no matter)No matter who he is, no matter when and where he is, everyone should observe disciplines and obey laws.2.多年的经历使我渐渐明白,家人间的爱并非凭空生就;朋友之间的,情人之间的爱也是如此。

(just the same to)After years’ experience I came to understand that the love in the family didn’t just happen; just the same to the love between friends and between lovers.3.不管你在哪儿工作,或者在做什么,你的老板必须为你建立一套安全体系(safety program)和安全守则(safety guideline)。

(no matter)No matter where you work or whatever you do, your employer should have a safety program and safety guideline for you to follow.4.无论你是多么有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。

(no matter how)No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.5.无论是谁处在他的位置,处在那种情形,都会像他那样无法解决那个问题。

中国数字化英语作文

中国数字化英语作文

中国数字化:多维度分析China, a country with a rich cultural heritage and a vibrant modern landscape, has witnessed a remarkable transformation in recent years, driven primarily by digitalization. This process has not only revolutionized the way people live and work but has also opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development.中国,一个拥有丰富文化遗产和生机勃勃现代风貌的国家,近年来在数字化推动下经历了翻天覆地的变化。

这一进程不仅彻底改变了人们的生活和工作方式,也为经济增长和社会发展开辟了新的机遇。

The digitalization of China is evident in various aspects of daily life. From online shopping and mobile payments to digital entertainment and remote work, digital technologies have penetrated almost every facet of Chinese society. The widespread use of smartphones and the internet has made it possible for individuals to access information, communicate, and conduct business transactions with unprecedented ease and efficiency.中国数字化的体现渗透在日常生活的各个方面。

近年来网络进入千家万户英语作文

近年来网络进入千家万户英语作文

近年来网络进入千家万户英语作文英文回答:As technology continues to advance, the internet has become a common presence in households around the world. It has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and even learn new languages. In recent years, the internet has become a popular platform for English writing. People from all walks of life are now able to write essays, articles, and even novels in English. This trend has both positive and negative implications.On the one hand, the widespread use of the internet for English writing has provided individuals with a convenient and accessible platform to express their thoughts and ideas. It has given a voice to those who may not have had the opportunity to share their opinions before. For example, individuals from non-English speaking countries can nowwrite in English and connect with a global audience. This not only promotes cultural exchange but also allows for agreater diversity of perspectives in the English writing community.On the other hand, the rise of internet English writing has also brought about some challenges. With the ease of publishing online, the quality of English writing has become more diverse. While there are many talented writers who produce high-quality content, there are also those who may lack proficiency in the English language. This can lead to grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, and a lack of coherence in their writing. As a result, readers may encounter difficulties in understanding the intended message or may be misled by inaccurate information.Despite these challenges, the internet has undeniably opened up new opportunities for English writing. It has enabled individuals to connect with a global audience, share their ideas, and receive feedback from readers all over the world. This feedback loop can greatly enhance the learning process and help writers improve their English skills. Additionally, the internet provides a vast amount of resources and learning materials for individuals who areinterested in improving their English writing. Online forums, writing communities, and language learning platforms offer valuable support and guidance for aspiring writers.In conclusion, the internet's influence on English writing cannot be ignored. It has provided a platform for individuals to express themselves, connect with others, and improve their language skills. While there are challenges associated with internet English writing, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. As technology continues to evolve, it is important for individuals to embrace theopportunities that the internet provides and strive for continuous improvement in their English writing skills.中文回答:随着科技的不断进步,互联网已经成为世界各地家庭中的常见存在。

想象型英语作文模板

想象型英语作文模板

想象型英语作文模板英文回答:Imaginative English Essay Template。

Introduction。

Begin with a captivating hook that grabs the reader's attention. This could be a vivid description, a surprising statistic, or a thought-provoking question.State the main argument or theme of your essay.Body Paragraphs。

Develop each paragraph around a specific point that supports your main argument.Use vivid language, sensory details, and specific examples to create an immersive experience for the reader.Organize your points logically and chronologically, ensuring a smooth flow of ideas.Conclusion。

Summarize your main points and restate your thesis.End with a powerful closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.Example。

Topic: The Impact of Social Media on Human Relationships。

Introduction。

In the labyrinthine tapestry of the modern world,social media has emerged as an enigmatic force, weaving its threads into the very fabric of our interpersonal connections. Its transformative influence has sparked bothfervent praise and impassioned condemnation, leaving us to ponder: has social media truly enhanced or eroded the bonds that unite us?Body Paragraph 1。

高中英语作文模板万能型

高中英语作文模板万能型

高中英语作文模板万能型High School English Essay Template。

Introduction。

The introduction serves as the opening statement of the essay. It should provide a brief overview of the topic and capture the reader's attention. This can be achieved by using a thought-provoking question, a relevant quote, or a startling statistic. The introduction should also include a thesis statement, which outlines the main argument or purpose of the essay.Body Paragraphs。

The body paragraphs should present the main points of the essay in a clear and organized manner. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or argument, supported by evidence and examples. It is important to use transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs. Additionally, each body paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph.Conclusion。

优质课件——M4U2 working the land

优质课件——M4U2 working the land

A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
regret (1)后悔 regret doing (2)遗憾 regret to do
I regretted to tell you you hadn’t passed the driving test.
基 quiz
础 巩
后对努令通因ce幸scoeb悔…xu力人向此oxmu亏pmn,p…i,不amlf,modnu遗满拼 安 导 所redsa由utn憾er意p搏 的 致 以yt于

1.统计,统计数字 13. adj.因此
25.n. 营养,食物
2. 晒黑的
14. v.配备,装备 26.n. 发现,发觉
_T_h_a_n_k_s__to_ your help, I got over all the difficulties. • 他给自行车装上了前灯。 • He __e_q_u_ip_p_e_d__h_i_s_b_i_k_e_w__it_h__ a head light. • 汤姆后悔告诉父母那件事 • Tom regretted _te_l_li_n_g_h__is__pathreentthsinthge. thing
课文填空 • _A_l_th_o_u__g_h_ he is one of China’s most famous scientists,
Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, _f_o_r__ he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for w__h_o_m___ he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows __w_h__a_t _ is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world __to__g_r_o_w_ (grow) rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes ___it____ possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60℅of the rice _p_r_o_d_u_c_ed_(produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.

2018-2019新课堂英语必修4Unit 2 Part Ⅰ

2018-2019新课堂英语必修4Unit 2 Part Ⅰ

Unit 2Working the landFather of Hybrid Rice—Yuan Longping袁隆平,中国杂交水稻育种专家,被称为中国的“杂交水稻之父”。

2016年10月3日获得“吕志和奖——持续发展奖”。

Yuan Longping,a Chinese scientist,was born in 1930.Professor Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and since then he has devoted himself to agricultural education and research.Professor Yuan was a pioneer in hybrid rice research and made remarkable achievements in this area,first developing hybrid rice in the world.The achievements of Yuan Longping greatly solved the food shortage,and provided a solution to the worldwide starvation.It is regarded as the fifth invention after China’s Four Major Inventions.Yuan Longping was the first person to develop hybrid rice.The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974 and 1975,and then extended to the other areas.China became the first country that is capable of producing hybrid rice.Yuan Longping is the first scientist who successfully realized large-scale farming of hybrid rice.This earned him the title “Father of Hybrid Rice”.His work in hybrid rice established China’s world leading position in hybrid rice research.At present,the hybrid rice developed by Yuan is planted on the farmlands all over China,which played an important role in increasing China’s grainproduction.These increased harvests mean the feeding of 22% of the world population on only 7% of the farmland in China.词海拾贝1.devote oneself to致力于,献身于2.make remarkable achievements 做出显著成绩3.extend /Ik’stend/ v. 延伸;扩大;推广Part ⅠWarming Up & ReadingⅠ.重点单词1. statistic n.数据;统计;统计数字;统计资料2.sunburnt adj.晒黑的3.struggle v t.& v i.斗争;拼搏;努力4.decade n.十年;十年期5.super adj.特级的;超级的6.output n.产量;输出7.expand v t.& v i.使变大;伸展8.circulate v t.& v i.循环;流传9.battle n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争v t.& v i.搏斗;奋斗10.rid v t.摆脱;除去11.freedom n.自由;自主12.therefore ad v.因此;所以;因而13.nationality n.国籍14.hunger n.饥饿;欲望v t.& v i.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的15.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturb v t.打扰;打乱16.equip v t.& v i.配备;装备→equipment n.设备;装备17.export v t.& v i.输出;出口→import v t.& v i.输入;进口18.occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy v t.占领;占用Ⅱ.核心短语1.struggle__for为……而斗争(努力)2.graduate__from 毕业于3.search__for 寻找4.thanks__to 幸亏;由于;因为5.rid...of 摆脱;除去6.be satisfied with 对……感到满意7.care about 在乎;在意8.rather than 而不是9.dream about 梦想;梦寐以求10.with the hope of(doing) sth. 怀着(做)某事的希望Ⅲ.经典句式1. If__so,what did you do to grow them? If__not,what kind of plant would you like to try growing?如果种过,你是如何种的?如果没种过,你想尝试种什么植物?2.In 1973,he became the__first__agricultural pioneer__in the__world to grow rice that has a high output.1973年,他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。

Inproved

Inproved

InprovedJournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),V o1.13,No.5,2006 InprovedgradelengthlimitationoffreewaysXINGEn—hui.PEIY u—long邢恩辉,裴玉龙(InstituteofTransportationResearch,HarbinInstituteofTethnology,Harbin150090,China) Abstract:Amethodofascertaininggradelengthlimitationoffreewaysinmountainterrainispresented.T here.1ationshipmodelsbetweenl5percentilespeedsandgradeswerebuiltthroughtheSulweysandanalyseso foper-ing15”percentileand85perc entile asspeedlimitations,themethodsofdeterminingadmittedvelocitieswereputforwardaccordingtothegrad es.De. celerationdistancesoflongitudinalslopewayswereanalyzedutilizingthetheoriesofvehicle.Accordin gtotheresultsofanalysis,gradelengthlimitationwasloosed.Finallythevaluesofgradelengthlimitationforfree wayswereputfo1~ard.Theresultscouldbeusedasreferencesforfreewaydesign.Keywords:roadengineering;gradelengthlimitation;admittedvelocity;vehicledynamics CLCnumber:U4l2.34Documentcode:AArticleID:1005.9l13(2006)05.0554-05InChina,thedesignedspeedisadoptedtoproject speedindesignspecificationforhighwayroutes.De—signedspeedisthefoundationparametersofroadde—signtoregulatethelowestdesignstandards,andother projectindexesarechosenaccordingtoit.Nowadays manyscholarsofChinaarerealizingtheimportanceof operatingspeedinthefieldofroadengineering,traffic engineeringandcost—beneficanalysis.In2002,Zhang Jian—feiputforwardtheuseofoperatingspeedasbasic parametersinsteadofcalculatedtravelspeedinthede—signofroadengineering.In2003,PeiY u—longdis—cussedtheproblemofspeedlimitsforfreewaysutilizingoperatingspeed2j.In2001.ShiFei—rongandYang Shao—weianalyzedthemaximumlongitudinalslopeand itslengthofmountainfreewayundertheconditionofavehicle’sdrivingdownL3j.However.thefu nctionof operationspeedisstillintheinitialstagesoftheoryre,searchinChinasofar.Thispaperdiscussesthemethodofgradelengthlimitationoffreewaysinmountainousterrain.Firstly.a typicalvehicle(EQ1108)thatrunsonmountainous terrainfreewayinChinawasselectedastheresearch object,andthenananalysiswasperformonthetypical vehicle(EQ1108)dynamicsutilizingthetheoriesof vehicles.Secondly,theoperationspeeds,15”percen—tilespeedand85percentilespeedwereinvestigated andanalyzedin7typicalsectionsof3mountainouster, rai nfreeways.Arelationshipmodelbetweenthe15”percentilespeedsandgradientsofroadhasbeenestab, lishedbymeansofregressionanalysis,thenamethod ofdeterminingadmittedvelocityinupslopeshasbeen putforwardaccordingtothismode1.Boththepe~rm, ancesofvehicleand85”per centilespeeddeterminedi, dealmaximumtravelspeedsoftypicalvehicle(EQ1l08)thatrunsonmountainterrain.Moreover. thedecelerationdistancesonupslopeswereanalyzed accordingtotheperformancesofEQ1108vehicle,ad—mittedvelocitiesandidealmaximumtravelspeeds.Fi, nally,theimprovedvaluesofgradelengthlimitationof freewaysinmountainterrainhavebeenputforward. Theresultscouldbeusedasreferencesformountain terrainfreewaydesign.1V ehicleDyanmicsonSlopeWays1.1EquationsofAutomobileDrive Thefunctionsofairrisingforceonvehiclesina perpendiculardirectionshouldn’tbeneglected,forthe velocitiesofavehiclerunningonfreewaysarehigher, thereforewededucedoutanautomobileequationcon—sideringthisaffectonvehicledynamicasfollows:Ft=Ff+FL+F+FlorMii0叼/r=Cf+(G—Fz)i+C,Au/21.15+6mdu/dt.(1)whereFtisthedrivingforce,Ft=Mei{ioqt/r;Ffistherollingresistance,=Cf;Fistherampresistance,F=(G—Fz)i;F,istheacceleratingresistance;F:is theairrising,:CozA VZ/21.15;Fistheairresist—ance,F=CDAu/21.15. Themeaningsofparameters:Mistherating torqueofengine:iisthethedriveratiooftransmis—sion;i.isthedriveratioofmaingears;叼£isthe efficiencyofdrive;istheradiusofdrivewheels;uisReeeived2004—01~06.SponsoredbytheSpecializedResearchFund如rtheDoctoralProgramotHighEducation(GrantNo.20030213030)554?JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),V o1.13,No.5,2006 thevehiclevelocity:iisthegradient:6isthecircumro—tatequalityconversioncoefficient:misthevehic lequality:Aistheareasofwindward:Gistheautomobilegravity;fisthecoefficientofroadresistance;CDzisthecoefficientofairrising;CDisthecoefficientofairre—sistance:Vistheoperationspeed.RatingpowerofengineNeisthevalueinthecondi—tionsatsealevel:Gisautomobilegravityiffullyloaded.Ifthethrottleisopenpartly.thealtitudeisn’tdatumwa—terleve1.andtheloadisn’tfullythatacoefficientA ly”ahi—tude—power—gravity”amendmentcoefficientL4,55.Eq.(2)canbederivedfromEq.(1)as:.=一+一du.Duetoa=(等÷G,l’tl1eJnAD==一一m.)厂+whereisamendmentcoefficientsofaltitude;=(1—2.26×10H);istheheightofaltitude(m);Nisactualpowersofengine;Gisthegravityofactualload.1.2DrivingCircumstanceofV ehicleUpslopeEq.(3)canberewrittenas:n==警(D_一)).(4)Eq.(4)isthecalculatedformulaofautomobile accelerationconsideringtheaffectionofairrisingforce.Wecandiscussaccelerationcircumstancesof vehiclerunningonarampaccordingtoEq.(4).Ac—celerationchangedwhenrampgradientchangedandwhenotherparameterkeepconstant’.2ChoiceofTypicalV ehicleTrafficcapacitiesof7wereselected,accordingtotionofmainstemhighways,areshowninTab.1.Tab.1Ratesofvehicletypehighwaysrepresentativelytrafficcapacitiesinvestiga一2000,China.Theresults WecanseetheratesofvehiclesfromTab.2that small—sizedpassagecarswas34%:thatmiddle—sizedtruckwas27%:thatlargesizedtruckwas7%.The affectoframpsonsmal1..sizedpassagecarswassma1..1er.foritsvelocitywashigheranditsdynamicwasbet.ter;thesurpluspowersoflarge--sizedvehiclewasbig—- gerthanthatofmiddle—sizedtruck,andtherateslarge. sizedvehiclewassmallintrafficcapacities.Soitwas naturalthatthetypicalmiddle—sizedtrucksEQ1108 wereselectedasthevehicletobeanalyzedingrade lengthlimitationoffreewayinmountainterrainforChi.na.Themaintechniqueperformancepal.ametersofEQ1108areshowninTab.2.andotherperfomlanceparametersofEQ1108couldbegainedutilizingthe theoriesofvehicledynamicsaccordingtotheparame—tersiflTab.2.Thecalculationresultsofperformance parametersareshowninTab.3.ThevelocityprofilesofTruck(EQ1108)forre—fleetingdynamicperformanceinvariousgearshiftsareanalyzed.Fig.1illustratesthevariationintruckper—formancecurvesfordifferentgearshifts.555?JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),V o1.13,』V0.5,2006 Tab.2EQ1108techniqueperformanceparametersTab.3EQll08calculationperformanceparameters1OO200500l00015002000250030003500distance/mFig.1Thevelocityprofilesoftruck3InvestigationsandAnalysisofOperationSpeedsinMountainTerrain3.1OperationSpeeds Theroutedesignmethodsofoperationspeedsare commonroutedesignmethodsintheworld.whichare recognizedbymoreandmorepeopleinChina.Opera—tionspeedsareactualtravelspeedsofvehiclesina sectionofahighway;generally85percentilespeeds and15percentilespeedsareusedforrepresentationof operationspeeds.85”percentilespeedsarethespeedsof85%ac. cumulativefrequencyinspeedsaccumulativecurves. 15percentilespeedsarethespeedsof15%accumu.1ativefrequencyinspeedsaccumulativeCHrves.15perce ntilespeedsand85”percentilespeeds wereusedasreferenceindexesofadmittedspeedsand idealmaximumtravelspeedsintheanalysisofgrade lengthlimitationoffreewayinmountainterrain.3.2ChoiceofSamplesQuantities Themethodsofrandomsampleswereadoptedin thisresearchinordertoensureunprejudicedsamples.556? Thecapacityofsampleswasdeterminedbyresearch precisionandminimumcapacityofsamples(n)was decidedbyfunction(5)asfollows:n=(+(5) wheretistheconstantsatisfiedcertaintybelievedlev. el:Eisthepermittederror:iSthestandarddevia. tion:uisthecoemcientofvehiclevelocitiessorts.A11oftheobservationsectionsareonfreeways. AccordingtoManualofTrafficEngineeringStudies, thebelievedlevelwaschosenas95%.t=1.96.E=2km/h:therangeofstandarddeviationwas6.8—8.5km/h,wastakenas8.0km/h:coefficientof vehicleveloc itiessortsuwastakenas1.04.Therefore thevalueofminimumcapacityofsamplesnwas95.So thecapacitiesofinvestigationsampleswere200inthis research.3.3TheInvestigationofOperationSpeeds Cheng—Y ufreewayinSichuanprovince.Kun.Y u freewayandKun—QufreewayinY unnanprovince.3 mountainousterrainfreewaysinsouthwestregionsof China,werechosen.Vchicleoperationspeedson7 typicalsectionsof3mountainterrainfreewayswerein.vestigatedutilizingtheequipmentoftrafficcollection systemsofSwedenhighwaybureau,NC一97ofNU—METICSCorporationUSA.Thepositionsandcharac. tersofinvestigationsectionsareshowninTab.4. Relationshipsbetweengradesand15thpercentile speedswereanalyzed,basedonthestatisticresultsof 15…percentileinTab.4.Fig.2isthefittingCHrveof gradesand15percentilespeeds. Wecanseethattherelationshipsarenon.1inear. anddescendingmodels.highlycorrelatefR=0.8562),andregressionfunctionisshownasfollows: u=一0.8164ietweenroadgradesand15percentilespeeds.Utilizingthis mode1.wecandeducethe15percentilespeedscorre. spondingtoroadgrades.Theadmittedvelocitiesof roadgradesinupslopescanbedeterminedby15”per- centilespeeds.Theresultsofadmittedvelocitiesof roadgradesinupslopesareshowninTab.5.Tab.5Thevaluesofadmittedveiocity Theidietravelvelocitieswereaffectedbyvehicle dynamicsand85percentilespeeds.Ifdesignspeedis 100km/h.thenidletravelspeedwillbe85km/h:If designspeediS80km/h.thenidietravelspeedwillbe 80km/h:IfdesignspeediS60km/h.thenidletravel speedwillbe60km/h.4GradelengthLimitation Intheconditionsofthrottle90%opened,avehi—clerunonarampcanovercoinethegradeswithmaxi. mumtravelspeed.andthevaluesofgradientiSidie maximumtravelspeeds.Withtheinereaseofroad grades.thespeedofvehicletravelwilldecrease:when thevehicletravelspeedsdecreasetoadmittedveloci. ties.thegradientswillbeunlimitedlengthmaximum gradient.Inordertoassurevehicletravelspeedswas higherthanadmittedvelocities.thelengthofroadlon. gitudinalslopewayshouldbelimitedwhenagradeis biggerthanunlimitedlengthmaximumgrade,namely gradelengthlimitationofsteepslope.4.1TheCalculationofGradeLengths Theaccelerationsanddecelerati0nswerethefunc. tionsofgrades.Sothedecelerationdistancesinramp canbededucedfromthefunctions,moreovergrade lengthlimitationcanbedetermined.Due【0(t:.d:.a Theequationofdistancesofslowdowninslope—wayscanbewrittenas:v…2vdv=1v…:Vd—VdV.(7) Theplanimetryofnumericalanalysiswereusedin Eq.(7)tosolveintegrals,utilizingthesoftwareofMat—lab.Thecalculationresultsofdecelerationdistancesare showninTab.6thinkingofgrades,altitude.Tab.6Decelerationdistancesonslopeways557?【{.臣v\dingtothedistancesofdecelerationforve—hicleson0mand1000mheightabovesealeve1.the amendmentvaluesofgradelengthlimitationwasput forward.Forexample.whengradewas3%,thedis- tancesofdecelerationon0mand1000mheightabove sealevelwere1602mand1198m.whilethevalues indesignspecificationforhighwayrouteis1000m.so theamendmentvalues1100mwillbefeasible.Inthis waywecandeducetheothervaluesofamendment. ComparingTechnicalStandardofHighwayEngi- neeringinTab.7withdecelerationdistancesonslope—waysinTab.6,wecanseethatdecelerationdistances utilizedthemodelofadmittedvelocitiesandgradesto calculatewasmuchbiggerthanthevaluesprescribed bydesignspecificationforhighwayroutes.Thatmeans designspecificationforhighwayroutesingradelength limitationwereexcessivelystrict.Therearegreatinflu—encesonprojectsofroute,includinglayoutofroute, qualityofengineers,andmakingtheconstructedengi—neersquantitiesexcessivelybig.investmentexcessive high,anddifficultiesofconstructionexcessivehard. Theamendmentvaluesoflengthsconfinedforhighway longitudinalslopewayswereputforwardandareshown inTab.7Tab.7Longitudinalslopewayslengthconfinesofhighway (Annotation:()modificationsuggestionsvalues)5ConclusionsandFutureResearch1)Theequationsofdecelerationanddeceleration distancesonslopewayswithairrisingforcewereestab—lishbasedonvehicledynamics.2,Arelationshipmodelbetween15percentile speedandgradientwereestablishedbymeansofre—gressionanalysis.3,Amethodofdeterminedadmittedvelocityin upslopewasputforwardaccordingtothegrades.4)Theamendmentvaluesofgradelengthslimita—tionoffreewayi11mountainterrainwereputf0rward. Gradelengthlimitationofhighwaysinupslopeand downslopetobeconstructedinmountainousterrainstill deservesfurtherstudy.References:[1]FANZhenyu,ZHANGJianfei theoperatingspeedcomputing558?Analysisandcalibrationof modelsonhighwaysections[J].ChinaJournalofHighwayandTransport,2002,15(1):168—172.[2]PEIY ulong,CHENGGuozhu.Researchonoperationspeed andspeedlimitforfreewaysinChinajJ.JournalofInsti—tuteofTechnology,2003.35(2):168—172.『3]SHIFeirong.Y ANGShaowei.Themaximumlongitudinal slopeanditslengthofmountain—expresswayunderthecon—ditionofvehicle’sdrivingdown【J.JournalofTrafficand TransportationEngineering,2001,1(2):68—73.[4]LIQingbo,XIEZhen.TheoreticalanalysisofhighwayIon—gitudinalgradedesigned[J].JournalofChangshaCommu—nicationsUniversity.1998.14(13):40—46.[5]PEIY ulong.HighwaySurveysandDesign[M].Hei—longjiang:HeilongjiangScienceandTechniquePublishing Press,1997.6]RAKHAH.LUCICI.V ehicledynamicsmodelforpredic—tingmaximumtruckaccelerationlevelsfJI.Journalof TransportationEngineering,2001,127(5):418—425.[7]MESSERC.Freewayon—rampdesigncriteriaforrampme—terswithexcessivequeuedetectorsA1.81stAnnual MeetingoftheTransportationResearchBoard[C].Wash—ington:[s.n.],2002.。

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IN THIS ISSUE1. Supreme People’s Court of China Publishes “Intellectual Property Protection by ChineseCourts in 2011”2. Statistic Updates for Invention Patent Applications and Grants in China for year 2011Supreme People’s Court of China Publishes “Intellectual Property Protection by Chinese Courts in 2011”The Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC) recently published a report “Intellectual Property Protection by Chinese Courts in 2011”, which gives an overall review and summary of the adjudication of intellectual property cases by the Chinese people’s courts in year 2011.According to the report, the landscape of IP cases in China exhibited the following characteristics in 2011: 1. New filings of civil and criminal cases increased considerably, while administrative cases involvingforeign parties also saw significant increase;2. The number of major complex and difficult cases has increased, where cases involving foreign partieswere proportionally higher;3. The number of patent cases continued to rise, with notable increase in the number of cases involvinghigh tech inventions, economic interest involved in the patent cases escalating, and more Chinese companies suing foreign companies or foreign-invested companies; 4. Disputes involving commercial marks continued to rise;5. The number of copyright cases increased significantly and continually, with the Internet being the mostprominent battlefield.To facilitate a quick grasp of the profile of China’s IP cases, we have created the following table to highlight on some important figures from the report:ProceedingType of IP Cases Cases Newly Accepted Year-on-year Growth Cases Concluded Year-on-year Growth Patent cases 7819 35.16% - - Trademark cases12991 53.56% - - Copyright cases 35185 42.34% - - Technology contract cases557 -16.87% - - Competition cases1137 0.53% - - Others 2193 11.55% - - First instance civil casesTotal5988240.14%5820139.51%Newsletter2012 Issue 3Second instance civil cases Total 7642 17.17% 7659 18.18% Civil reopenedcasesTotal294 164.86%224 105.50%IP-related civil cases adjudicated by SPC305 - 311 - Patent cases654 18.69% - - Trademark cases 1767 -12.78% - - Copyright cases2 0.00% - - Others 10 - - - First instance administrativecases Total2433 -6.06% 2470 3.30% Second instance administrativecasesTotal 1333-1266-IP-related administrative casesadjudicated by SPC 102 - 101 - IP-related administrative casesreviewed by SPC13 - 11 - IP infringement 3134 142.19% 2967 24.53%Production and sale ofsub-standard products774 29.87% 750 - Illegal business operations1747 -15.93%1735 - Others 52 - 52 - First instancecriminal cases Total5707 42.96%55047.70%Preliminary injunction130 98.23% (approval rate) Pre-trial preservationof evidence 186 93.42% (approval rate) Pre-trial provisional measures Pre-trial preservationof property20100% (approval rate)Statistic Updates for Invention Patent Applications and Grants in China for year 2011Following our last issue’s report on some of the statistical data related to patent filing and granting in China in 2011, we will focus in this issue on applications and grants in China for the year relating specifically to invention patents.According to the statistics recently released by the State Intellectual Property Office of China (SIPO), in year 2011, SIPO received a total of 526,412 invention patents applications, a growth of 34.6% year on year. Among the applications, 415,829 (79%) were from home (including HKSAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan) and 110,583 (21%) from overseas.During the year, 172,113 invention patents were granted, a growth of 27.4% year on year. Among the invention patents granted, 112,347 (65.3%) were issued to domestic applicants, and 59,766 (34.7%) to foreign applicants.Domestic enterprises’ applications and grantsIn 2011, invention patent applications filed with SIPO by domestic enterprises amounted to 231,551, representing a significant growth of 49.8% over year 2010’s figure of 154, 581, and 58, 364 invention patents were granted to domestic enterprises, a rise of 45.7% over year 2010’s figure of 40, 049. During the year, there were 164 enterprises who filed over a hundred applications for invention patents.By number of applications, ZTE Corporation was top on the list with 4,685 invention patent applications filed, despite a drop of 17.2% from 5,660 applications in 2010. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. regained the second place with 3,617 applications filed (a rise of 61.8% year on year), while China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation continued to occupy the third spot.Top 10 Domestic Enterprises (Including from HKSAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan)in Terms of Invention Patent Applications Filed with SIPO in 2011Ranking Name of Enterprise No. of Applications1 ZTE Corporation46852 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 36173 China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 31224 Hongfujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd 29085 Ocean's King Lighting Science & Technology Co., Ltd. 12126 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 8507 AU Optronics Corp. 7588 PetroChina Company Limited 7229 Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. 71810 Semiconductor Manufacturing International (Shanghai)Co., Ltd.635Top 10 Domestic Enterprises (Including from HKSAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan) in Terms of Invention Patents Granted by SIPO in 2011Ranking Name of Enterprise No. of Grants1 ZTE Corporation31782 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 27513 Hongfujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd 8624 China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 5875 H3C Technologies Co., Limited 4816 AU Optronics Corp. 4717 BYD Company Limited 4538 Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. 3679 Semiconductor Manufacturing International (Shanghai)Co., Ltd.36410 Inventec Corporation 320Foreign enterprises’ applications and grantsIn 2011, invention patent applications filed with SIPO by foreign enterprises amounted to 105,409 (a rise of 13.1% year on year), which accounted for 95.3% of the total foreign filings for invention patent applications.By number of applications, Sony Corporation continued to claim the top spot with 2,430 invention patent applications filed, whereas the second and third places were held by Panasonic Corporation (1,802 applications) and Microsoft Corporation (1,625 applications) respectively. It is noteworthy that for the first time, Microsoft Corporation was ranked among the top ten while Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (1,153 applications) was ousted from the list.Top 10 Foreign Enterprisesin Terms of Invention Patent Applications Filed with SIPO in 2011Ranking Country Name of Enterprise No. of Applications1 Japan Sony Corporation 24302 Japan Panasonic Corporation 18023 US Microsoft Corporation 16254 US Qualcomm Incorporated 13745 US General Electric Company 13116 US GM Global Tech Operations Inc. 12937 Japan Canon Inc. 12898 The Netherlands Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 12869 Japan Sharp Corporation 125710 Japan Seiko Epson Corporation 1171Top 10 Foreign Enterprisesin Terms of Invention Patents Granted by SIPO in 2011Ranking Country Name of Enterprise No. of Grants1 Japan Panasonic Corporation 15872 Republic of Korea Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.12763 Japan Sony Corporation11724 Japan Canon Inc.9105 Japan Toyota Motor Corporation8486 Korea LG Electronics Inc. 7887 Japan Sharp Corporation7778 The Netherlands Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 6509 US IBM 64410 Japan Seiko Epson Corporation 627All Rights ReservedDisclaimerThe texts, the pictures and other materials contained in this newsletter are intended for information purposes only. Nothing in the newsletter is to be considered as rendering any legal advice or legal opinion, and should not be applied for said purposes. The use of any material from this newsletter does not constitute any attorney-client relationship between China Patent Agent (H.K.) Ltd. and the user.China Patent Agent (H.K.) Ltd.22/F., Great Eagle Centre, 23 Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong KongTel: (852) 2828 4688 Fax: (852) 2827 1018 Email: mail@Hong Kong • Beijing • Shenzhen • Shanghai • New York • Tokyo • Munich。

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