中石油2007年职称英语试题与答案与分析

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2007年高级(含教授级)英语试卷--(炼化工程)

中国石油化工集团公司2007年工程系列高级任职资格外语考试试卷英语（炼化工程）（120分钟内完成）一、阅读理解（阅读短文，简要回答问题，共25分）短文1（12.5分）Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. Banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits, this they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.1. What must almost all companies involved in new production and development depend on according to the passage?2. How is the money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects raised?3. What do the savers do when they want their money back?4. In what conditions are all the essential services on which we depend?5. Why do companies invite people to lend money to them or take a share in the business?短文2（12.5分）Like street–corner prophets proclaiming that the end is near, scientists who study the earth’s atmosphere have been issuing predictions of impending doom for the past few years without offering any concrete proof. So far even the experts have had to admit that no solid evidence has emerged that this is anything but a natural phenomenon. And the uncertainty has given skeptics—especially Gingrichian politicians—plenty of ammunition to argue against taking the difficult, expensive steps required to stave off a largely hypothetical calamity.Until now, a draft report currently circulating on the Internet asserts that the global-temperature rise can now be blamed, at least in part, on human activity. Statements like this have been made before by individual researchers—who have been criticized for going too far beyond the scientific consensus. But this report comes from the International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), a respected UN-sponsored body made up of more than 1,500 leading climate experts from 60 nations.This shift in scientific consensus is based not so much on new data as on improvements in the complex computer models that climatologists use to test their theories. Unlike chemists or molecular biologists, climate experts have no way to do lab experiments on their specialty. So they simulate them on supercomputers and look at what happens when human-generated gases —carbon dioxide from industry and auto exhaust, methane from agriculture, chlorofluoro-carbon from leaky refrigerators and spray cans—are pumped into the model’s virtual atmospheres.Until recently, the computer models weren’t working very well. When the scientists tried to simulate what they believe has been happening over the past century or so, the results didn’t mesh with reality; the models said the worldshould now be warmer than it actually is. The reason is that the computer models had been overlooking an important factor affecting global temperatures; sulfur dioxide that are produced along with CO2 when fossil fuels are burned in cars and power plants. Aerosols actually cool the planet by blocking sunlight and mask the effects of global warming.Once the scientist factored in aerosols, their models began looking more like the real world. The improved performance of the simulations was demonstrated in 1991, when they successfully predicted temperature changes in the aftermath of the massive Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. A number of studies since have added to the scientists’confidence that they finally know what they’re talking about—and can predict what may happen if green house gases continue to be pumped into the atmosphere unchecked.1. Why can’t scientists and experts offer any concrete proof of impending doom?2. What does a current draft report on the Internet confirm?3. How do climate experts do lab experiments on their specialty?4. What important factor mentioned in paragraph four can also affects global temperatures?5. The simulated computer models are proved reliable when__________.二、英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）短文1（20分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A How do scientists separate the hydrocarbons? They distil the oil. They turn the oil into vapor and then turn the vapor into liquids.The theory of distillation is very easy. Most liquids boil when they reach a certain temperature. When crude oil boils, it sends out vapor and condenses. All the different hydrocarbons in crude oil are at different temperatures. And their vapors all make separate liquids. So, in order to separate the hydrocarbons, the scientists distill the crude oil. Because the hydrocarbons boil at different temperatures, their vapors must also condense at different temperatures.When the hydrocarbons boil, their vapors condenses separately. So the oil breaks down into its fractions and forms different liquids.The oil distilled in a very large steel tower, the technical name of which is the “fractionating tower.” The tower is thirty to fifty meters tall and its diameteris one to three meters. It is divided into “chambers”, each of which contains a layer of trays. There are holes in the trays. The vapors go through these holes and condense on the trays. The chambers are at different heights, and the temperature at each height is different. The temperature inside the tower is highest at the bottom, and it is lowest at the top. So each layer of trays is cooler than the layer below it. There are not enough chambers of different temperatures in one tower, so two or three towers are needed.B The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids as source of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 90% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry and is considered by some to be a mature industry. However, as is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological needs.The manufacture of chemicals or chemical intermediates from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas are numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals, fertilizers, and paints, as will as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）A The energy efficiency of an ethylene plant can be improved in many ways. Modification of a basic plant design to improved energy efficiency can be divided into two categories.(1) Those that reduce the energy requirements of the individual processsteps, and(2) Those that provide these energy requirements in the most efficient manner possible.This article will deal with recent optimization studies that fall into this latter category. The objective in carrying out these studies was to make full use of well-known energy saving principles, while staying within the bounds of proven technology and equipment. Two basic schemes were developed, both based on an energy balanced plant in which neither steam nor electric power are exported or imported.The feature in both schemes that provides the greatest savings in energy is the use of a gas turbine. It is necessary, of course, to recover the sensible heat in the turbine exhaust gas to realize energy savings. In the first scheme, this heat is recovered in a heat recovery boiler. A small amount of supplemental firing is also used here to generate sufficient steam balance. In the second scheme, the gas turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for the pyrolysis furnaces. In this case, steam balance is effected by a small economizer coil, which supplements heat input from the transfer line exchanger system.B The objective of evaporation is to concentrate a solution consisting of a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent. In the great majority of evaporations the solvent is water. Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a portion of the solvent to produce a concentrated solution or thick liquor. Evaporation differs from drying in that residue is a liquid rather than solid; it differs from distillation in that the vapor is usually a single component, and even when the vapor is a mixture, no attempt is made in the evaporation step to separate the vapor into fractions; it differs from crystallization in that emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals. In certain situations, e.g., in the evaporation of brine to produce common salt, the lie between evaporation and crystallization is far from sharp. Evaporation sometimes produces a slurry of crystals in a saturated mother liquor.Normally, in evaporation the thick liquor is the valuable product and the vapor is condensed and discarded. Mineral-bearing water is often evaporated to give a solid-free product for boiler feed, for special process requirements, or for human consumption. This technique is often called water distillation, buttechnically it is evaporation. Large-scale evaporation process is being developed and used for recovering potable water from sea water. Here the condensed water is the desired product. Only a fraction of the total water in the feed is recovered, and the remainder is discarded.三、汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）1. 句子翻译（10分）（1）从另一方面说，可供选择的替代燃料也有其缺陷。

07-11年全国职称英语等级考试试卷及答案-理工类A

07年全国职称英语等级考试试卷及答案－理工类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.The news will horrify everyone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented3.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.Even sensible men do absurd things.A.unusualB.ridiculousC.specialD.typical7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning.A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.This sort of thing is bound to happen.A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A.bossB.managerC.starD.dictator10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.recognize11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it.A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner13.The architecture is harmoniousand no building is over six-storey high.A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced14.The food is inadequate for ten people.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams，but some people never recall their dreams，or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections （记忆） of their dreams，though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours' sleep，an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes，probably having threeto five dreams，each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase，and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals （哺乳动物） studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles （爬行动物）. This period of sleep is called the "D" state for around 50% of their sleep；the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories，but they may be strange and with incidents not connected，which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the "cast" of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams，except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused，but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In "normal" dreams，the dreamer may be taking part，or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的） dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream，the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.16.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.In an average night，males dream longer than females.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.When we dream，there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19.Babies dream less than older children.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20.Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21.We rarely smell things in dreams.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22.In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2007年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案

2007年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I have been trying to quitsmoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subjectof conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtuallyimpossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallypletely6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capabilityto destroy the enemy in a few days.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loadsyersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，第题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2007年中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参考答案

reward：为获得荣誉，奖励，奖赏，不可以和信心搭配。

win:赢得，可以搭配的有比赛，战争，赌博等。

gain:获得信心earn:第一个排除，赚钱的意思。

2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the__.A. inconveniencesB. hazardsC. harmoniesD. hatreds分析：翻译：过滤嘴和低焦油烟草据说会使吸烟更加安全，但他们只是减少而并非完全削除吸烟所带来的灾害。

inconveniences：麻烦。

hazards :危害，灾害。

harmonies:和谐hatreds:憎恨。

3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.A. reposedB. imposedC. importedD. exposed分析：翻译：新的环境税中，汽车、汽油和木材产品都要被征税。

中石油职称英语2005-2007年真题奉献

2005年真题I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It‟s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don‟t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor‟s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world‟s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitelyknown by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC‟s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia‟s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big enough to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel‟s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel‟s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government‟s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel‟s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers‟ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfacedfrom ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come up with a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What‟s the author‟s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people‟s private lives have ignored the committee‟s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government‟s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studiesare properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan of the planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。

中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案

花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明：1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。

2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。

3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。

前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。

中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。

2007职称英语

中石油2007职称考试通用英语部分篇章1.President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security1.胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全1. The international community should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.1. 中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。

president＝主席；urge＝敦促；effort＝努力；ensure＝保障；global＝全球的；energy＝能源；security＝安全；international＝国际的；community＝社会；joint＝共同；Russia＝俄国on July 17：指出具体日期，用介词on。

2. “To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordinatio n ,”Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.2. 在八国集团同发展中国家领导人对话会议上，胡主席在讲话稿中谈到：“为保障全球能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、协同保障得新能源安全观。

2007年职称英语真题 2007年职称英语综合类A级真题

2007年职称英语真题2007年职称英语综合类A级真题导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“2007年职称英语综合类A级真题”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.The law doesn't seem to apply to officials.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.One can nevertheless smoke at home.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.There is a possibility for the Government to raise the agefor buying cigarettes.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.The Government will shut down cigarette factories in large numbers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The Government will definitely impose a much heavier tax on tobacco.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The Government will take necessary measures to help smokers give up smoking.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Things to Know about the UK1From Buckingham Palace to Oxford,the UK is loaded with wonderful icons（标志）of past eras.But it has also modernized with confidence.It's now better known for vibrant（充满活力的）cities with great nightlife and attraction.Fashions,fine dining,clubbing,shopping-the UK is among the world's best.2Most people have strong preconceptions about the British.But if you're one of these people,you'd be wise to abandon those ideas.Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities,a football match,or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable.It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers,sports supporters,pet owners and gardeners than the UK. 3Getting aroundEngland is pretty easy.Budget（廉价的）airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically.Trains can deliver you veryefficiently from one major city to another.Long distance express buses are called coaches.Where coaches and buses run on the sameroute,coaches are more expensive （though quicker）than buses.London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive.Minicabs are cheapercompetitors,with freelance（个体的）drivers.But usually you need to give a call first.London's underground is called the Tube.It's very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4The UK is not famous for its food.But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods.The most famous must be fish and chips.The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.English breakfast is something you need to try.It is fried bacon,sausages,fried eggs,black pudding,fried tomatoes,fried bread and baked beans,with toast and a potof tea.Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of Englishnightlife,especially for the young.Pubbing means going to a pub with friends,having drinks,and chatting.Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub,or a place of music,or a bar,or any other places to gather with friends.Clubbing can be found ually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing,such as no jeans,no sportswear,or smart clubwear,while pubbing is much more casual.23.Paragraph 2 B .24.Paragraph 3 C .25.Paragraph 4 E .26.Paragraph 5 F .A EducationB PeopleC TransportD DrinksE FoodF Nightlife27.The UK is a country that is. B28.The British people are. C29.Coaches in the UK are. A30.Fish and chips are. EA faster but more expensive than busesB both ancient and modernC humorous and hospitableD cheap and efficientE traditional and famousF clever and hardworking第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

石油人第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训中石油2007年考试真题课件

2007中石油职称英语考试试题（第二版）试卷类型：17I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.A. reward报答，酬谢B. win赢（比赛）C. gain获得D. earn赚钱2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate消除，排除 the__.A. inconveniences不方便，麻烦B. hazards危害C. harmonies和谐，融洽D. hatreds仇恨，憎恨翻译：过滤嘴和低焦油烟草据说会使吸烟更加安全，但他们只是减少而并非完全消除吸烟所带来的灾害。

3.New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.A. reposed休息，靠着B. imposed征收，强加C. imported进口D. exposed曝光，暴露翻译：对汽车、汽油和木制品征收了新的环境税4. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English?A. accuracy准确，精确B. emergency紧急情况C. frequency频繁，频率D. efficiency效率5. Unfortunately war __ in the Middle East on October 6, 1973.A. broke out爆发，突然发生B. broke off中断，停止C. broke through突围，突破D. broke away突然离开，放弃；6. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded.A. thin瘦的，稀疏的B. narrow狭窄的，狭隘的C. thick厚的，稠密的D. sorrow悲伤，悲痛narrow-minded思想狭隘的7. __ is the mother of invention.A. Negligible a.可以忽略的，不予重视的；B. Needless a.不需要的，不必要的；C. Necessity n.需要，必要性D. Necessarily ad.必要地，必须地8. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, __ to 661,000 square kilometers, Alberta is the fourth largest province in Canada.A. alike相像的，相同的B. likely可能的C. equivalent相等的，相当的D. uniform 制服，统一的9. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.A. facultiesB. fragmentsC. facilitiesD. fairly翻译：一个完整的炼油装置必须包括所有的必备工具。

2007年全国职称英语等级考试(综合类C级)真题及详解(圣才出品)

2007年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类C级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.At midnight,we were aroused by a knock at the door.A.irritateB.awakenedC.arisenD.annoyed【答案】B【解析】句意：我们半夜里被敲门声吵醒。

arouse唤醒；引起。

awake唤醒。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

其他选项均不合适：irritate激怒；刺激。

arise出现；上升。

annoy 惹恼。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2.She was awarded a prize for the film.A.givenB.rewardedC.sentD.reminded【答案】A【解析】句意：她因那部电影而获奖。

award给予，授予。

可用give替换。

reward奖励；奖赏。

send发送。

remind提醒。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here.A.forbiddenB.allowedC.permittedD.promoted【答案】A【解析】句意：所有的公共场所都禁止吸烟。

ban禁止。

与forbid同义，故题干中的banned 可用forbidden替换。

其他选项均不合适：allow允许。

permit允许。

promote促进。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

4.That guy is intelligent but a bit dull.A.strangeB.specialC.quietD.boring【答案】D【解析】句意：那个家伙是聪明但有点沉闷。

dull枯燥乏味的；无趣的。

boring无聊的。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

其他选项均不合适：strange奇怪的。

职称英语理工类C级真题2007年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

职称英语理工类C级真题2007年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)第1部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项1.At midnight, we were amused by a knock at the door.SSS_SINGLE_SELA irritatedB awakenedC arisenD annoyed该问题分值: 1答案:B[解析] 题干当中arouse的含义为“被唤醒”，选项当中irritate：烦恼、刺激，awake：弄醒，arise：升起，annoy：打扰、骚扰。

只有选项B符合题干arouse的意思，其他选项，如annoy等虽然放到句子当中可以讲通，但是不合题意，需要考生认真辨析。

2.She was awarded a prize for the film.SSS_SINGLE_SELA givenB rewardedC sentD reminded该问题分值: 1答案:A[解析] 题干当中award的含义为“授予”，选项当中give：给予，reward：报答、奖励，send：派发，remind：使……想起、提醒。

只有选项A符合题干award的意思。

3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here.SSS_SINGLE_SELA forbiddenB allowedC permittedD promoted该问题分值: 1答案:A[解析] 题干当中ban的含义为“取缔、查禁”，选项当中forbidden：禁止，allow：允许，permit：允许，promote：提升。

只有选项A符合题干ban的意思。

4.That guy is intelligent but a bit dull.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strangeB specialC quietD boring该问题分值: 1答案:D[解析] 题干当中dull的含义为“无趣的、乏味的”，选项当中strange：奇怪的，special：特别的，quiet：安静的，boring：无聊的、乏味的。

07年职称英语等级考试试卷及答案A级

07年职称英语等级考试试卷及答案（理工类A级）（试题）第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.T he news will horrify everyone.A. attractB. terrifyC. temptD. excite2.T he article sketched the major events of the decade.A. describedB. offeredC. outlinedD. presented3.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior.A. bearB. acceptC. admitD. take4.T heir style of playing football is utterly different.A. barelyB. scarcelyC. hardlyD. totally5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A. advisedB. causedC. forcedD. promised6.Even sensible men do absurd things.A. unusualB. ridiculousC. specialD. typical7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning.A. walkedB. cameC. fledD. ran8.T his sort of thing is bound to happen.A. sureB. quickC. fastD. swift9.At the age of 30，Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A. bossB. managerC. starD. dictator10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A. judgeB. assessC. distinguishD. recognize11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it.A. liveB. sleepC. hideD. gather12.The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.A. methodB. measureC. wayD. manner13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.A. old-fashionedB. traditionalC. conventionalD. balanced14.The food is inadequate for ten people.A. demandedB. qualifiedC. insufficientD. required15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A. persistedB. insistedC. resistedD. suggested第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams，but some people never recall their dreams，or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections （记忆）of their dreams，though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours' sleep，an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes，probably having three to five dreams，each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase，and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals （哺乳动物） studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles （爬行动物）. T his period of sleep is called the "D" state for around 50% of their sleep；the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories，but they may be strange and with incidents not connected，which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the "cast" of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams，except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused，but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In "normal" dreams，the dreamer may be taking part，or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的） dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream，the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.16.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.In an average night，males dream longer than females.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.When we dream，there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19.Babies dream less than older children.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20.Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21.We rarely smell things in dreams.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22.In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

中国石油职称英语考试通用教材电子版（2007年）三十六

36.Oil（油） 1. The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine was invented, oil became of worldwide importance. 1、油井的存在由来已久。

北美的⼀些印第安⼈过去常常去宾⼣法尼亚的油井采集油来出售。

⼀直以来，没有⼈认识到这种油的重要性，后来⼈们发现它可提炼出煤油来，情况才为之⼀变。

⾃此油井遂蓬勃发展，巨额利润也由此产⽣。

当内燃机发明后，⽯油更具有世界性重要意义。

2. What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For there creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil. 2、现在驱动汽车和飞机的油的起源是什么？科学家对煤的形成⼀清⼆楚，然⽽论及⽯油时，它们就不那么有把握了。

2007职称英语等级考试试卷理工A真题

应考人员注意事项1.本试卷代码为“111”，请将此代码填涂在答题卡“试卷代码”相应的栏目内；否则，无法评分。

2.请将工作单位、姓名、准考证号分别填写在试卷和答题卡相应的位置上。

3.全卷65题，连续编号，共100分。

请按题号在答题卡上将所选选项对应的字母用2B铅笔涂黑。

在试卷上作答无效。

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1 She was a puzzleA.girlB.womanC.problemD.mystery2 Her speciality is heart surgery.A.regionB.siteC.fieldD.platform3 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.secret4 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughlyA.spreadB.mixedC.beatenD.covered5 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society，A.destroyedB.brokeC.smashedD.changed6 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A.postedB.sentC.givenD.handed7 The change in that village was miraculous.A.conservativeB.amazingC.insignificantD.unforgettable8 Customers often defer payment for as long as possibleA.makeB.demandC.postponeD.obtain9 Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.A.banB.removeC.eliminateD.expel10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A.declaresB.assertsC. describesD.announces11 From my standpoint， this thing is just ridiculousA.fieldB.point of viewC.knowledgermation12 The latest census is encouragingA.statementB.assessmentC.evaluationD.count13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasyA.differentB.proudC.uncomfortableD.unconscious14 Reading the job ad， he wondered whether he was eligible， to apply for itA.ableB.fortunateC.qualifiedpetent15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister.A.pulledB.promotedC.liftedD.treated第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Monarch without a KingdomThis November， a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico，like autumn leaves. But for how long？ Genetically modified maize （玉米） could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly， Rafael Ruiz reports.Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin， the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5，000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile， but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn， the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north.In November， millions of Monarchs fall like bright， golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping （拍动） of wings， as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains， which reach a height of 3，000 metres， the butterflies are safe.Before reaching their journey’s end they have faced strong winds， rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad， perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April， when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey，with all its dangers， begins again.These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific progress. In the US， millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts， the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out.Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products （in Spain，there are already 20，000 hectares of modified maize）。

中石油职称英语阅读练习含答案

中石油职称英语阅读练习含答案中石油职称英语阅读练习（含答案）下面这篇中石油职称英语阅读文章是关于使用清洁燃料替代汽车现用燃料的，后面有这篇文章的练习题，读完后大家可以做一下，看大家对文章的信息掌握了多少。

Carbon-based Alternative1. Althoughrecent yearshave seensubstantial reductions innoxious pollutantsfromindividual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. (完成时进行式) Consequently, more than 100 citiesin theUnited Statesstill havelevels of carbonmonoxide, particulate matter, andozone(generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons fromvehicle exhaust)that exceed legally established limits.There is a growing realization that the onlyeffectiveway to achieve furtherreductions in vehicleemissions- short of amassiveshiftaway from theprivate automobile- isto replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas,ethanol, ormethanol.1.尽管近几年来私人机动车辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。

2007年职称英语(综合类)C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2007年职称英语（综合类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．At midnight, we were aroused by a knock at the door.A．irritatedB．awakenedC．arisenD．annoyed正确答案：B2．She was awarded a prize for the film.A．givenB．rewardedC．sentD．reminded正确答案：A3．Smoking will be banned in all public places here.A．forbiddenB．allowedC．permittedD．promoted正确答案：A4．That guy is intelligeng but a bit dull.A．strangeB．specialC．quietD．boring正确答案：D5．She is a highly successful teacher.A．fairlyB．ratherC．veryD．moderately正确答案：C6．We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth.A．reduceB．promoteC．realizeD．give正确答案：B7．There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor.A．conflictB．tensionC．gulfD．confrontation正确答案：C8．I am very grateful to you for your assistance.A．helpfulB．hopefulC．pitifulD．thankful正确答案：D9．You will be meeting her presently.A．shortlyB．currentlyC．latelyD．probably正确答案：A10．Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years.A．displayedB．shownC．changedD．demonstrated正确答案：C11．I have been trying to quit smoking.A．give upB．pick upC．build upD．take up正确答案：A12．Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A．movedB．touchedC．surprisedD．worried正确答案：C13．The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. A．questionB．problemC．titleD．topic正确答案：D14．This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A．particularB．characteristicC．remarkableD．idiomatic正确答案：B15．It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A．simplyB．almostC．totallyD．completely正确答案：B阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

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reward：为获得荣誉，奖励，奖赏，不可以和信心搭配。

win:赢得，可以搭配的有比赛，战争，赌博等。

gain:获得信心earn:第一个排除，赚钱的意思。

2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the__.A. inconveniencesB. hazardsC. harmoniesD. hatreds答案为B分析：翻译：过滤嘴和低焦油烟草据说会使吸烟更加安全，但他们只是减少而并非完全削除吸烟所带来的灾害。

inconveniences：麻烦。

hazards :危害，灾害。

harmonies:和谐hatreds:憎恨。

3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.A. reposedB. imposedC. importedD. exposed答案为B分析：翻译：新的环境税中，汽车、汽油和木材产品都要被征税。

reposed：休息，休眠，静止impose :征税。

imported:进口exposed:暴露，曝光4. Many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. So, how do we balance __ and fluency in spoken English?A. accuracyB. emergencyC. frequencyD. efficiency答案为A分析：翻译：许多学生发现如果他们试图说的快些，他们就会错得更多。

因此，我们如何平衡英语口语的流利和准确呢？accuracy：准确，正确emergency :紧急情况。

frequency:频率efficiency:效率5. Unfortunately war __ in the Middle East on October 6, 1973.A. broke outB. broke offC. broke throughD. broke away答案为A这个简单，只需翻译以下：很不幸，1973年10月6日中东战争爆发了。

6. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded.A. thinB.narrowC. thickD. sorrow答案为B这个也简单，narrow-minded为小心眼，其余没有这个意思。

只给翻译，不做深入分析——那些经常拒绝听取其他意见的人有变成小心眼的风险。

7. __ is the mother of invention.A. NegligibleB. NeedlessC. NecessityD. Necessarily答案为：C这个简单不做分析8. With an area of approximately 255,212 square miles, __ to 661,000 square kilometers, Alberta is the fourth largest province in Canada.A. alikeB. likelyC. equivalentD. uniform答案为：C书上原题，翻译为：拥有大约225，212平方mile，相当于661,000平方公里的面积，Alberta是加国第四大省。

alike adj.相同的, 相似的 adv.以同样的方式, 类似于likely adj.很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的 adv.或许, 很可能equivalent adj.相等的, 相当的, 同意义的 n.等价物, 相等物uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的, 始终如一的, 均衡的；n.制服；vt.使成一样, 使穿制服只有equivalent to是相当于的意思9. A complete refining installation must include all necessary__.A. facultiesB. fragmentsC. facilitiesD. fairly答案为：C翻译：一个完整的炼油装置必须包括所有的必备工具。

facility n.设备, 工具faculty n.才能, 本领, 能力, 全体教员, (大学的)系, 科, (授予的)权力fragment n.碎片, 断片, 片段fairly adv.公正地, 正当的, 公平对待某人, 公平地, 相当地, 还算, 清楚地10. As life is full of strife and __, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties.A. confirmB. conflictC. conformationD. confinement答案为：B人生充满了冲突和矛盾，因此我们需要朋友的支持来度过难关。

confirm vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效；v.确认, (基督教中)给...行按手礼conflict n.斗争, 冲突；vi.抵触, 冲突conformation n.构造confinement n.(被)限制, (被)禁闭, 产期, 分娩11. My mother has lived __ since my father died 20 years ago.A. singleB. aloneC. soleD. lonely答案为：B妈妈从20年前父亲去世那年就独自生活了。

12. Let us start a long march together on different roads __ the same goal.A. referring toB. turning toC. belonging toD. leading to答案为：D让我们在不同的路上朝着同一目标开始一个新的长征。

refer to v.查阅, 提到, 谈到, 打听turn to v.转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于, 开始行动belong to v.属于lead to v.导致, 通向13. Today three out of four Americans __ towns, cities or suburbs.A. live throughB. live inC. live up toD. live on答案为：B今天四分之三的美国人居住在城镇、市郊和城市里。

14. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.A. in reply toB. in contrast toC. in proportion toD. in relation to答案为：B和某些非地质学家形成对照，地质学家相信。

in reply to 答复in contrast to 和...形成对比［对照］in proportion to adv.与...成比例in relation to adv.关于, 涉及, 与…相比15. Americans __ a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails.A. consumeB. swallowC. disposeD. exhaust答案为：A美国人以鸡尾酒的形式消费了大量的酒精。

16. The __ in Alberta is pleasant, particularly in summer.A. climateB. weatherC. seasonD. space答案为：A书上原题，可惜这个我打错了555！很简单，climate=气候，长期的；weather=天气，短期内的17. Love makes the world__.A. go byB. go forC. go afterD. go around答案为：D书上的原题，爱让这个世界转动。

18. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century.A. laid downB. laid outC. laid asideD. laid off答案为：B美国首都华盛顿是由法国建筑师Pierre L'Enfant于十八世纪晚期设计的。

lay down v.放下, 放弃lay out v.摆开, 展示, 布置, 安排, 投资lay aside v.搁置, 积蓄lay off v.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出19. __ all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.A. In honor ofB. In place ofC. On behalf ofD. On account of答案为：C我代表美国客人感谢你们无与伦比的盛情。

in honor of 向...表示敬意, 为祝贺...in place of adv.代替on behalf of adv.代表...on account of adv.由于20. We feel we are happiest when we __ and exchange ideas with one another.A. chartB. chatterC. chaseD. chat答案为：D21. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor __ to those who deserved it most.A. was it givenB. it was givenC. given itD. was given it答案为：A22. China’s 11th __ plan __ great emphasis on the environment.A. five-years, placesB. five-year, placeC. five-years, placeD. five-year, places答案为：D23. The students __ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.A. doingB. didC. having doneD. to do答案为：C24. If we study day after day, there is nothing __ cannot be achieved.A.thatB. whichC. whomD. we答案为：A25. China is larger than__.A. all countries in AsiaB. Japan and India as well as AsiaC. any other countries in AsiaD. any countries in Asia答案为：C26. You'd like to go with me, __ you?A. hadB. hadn'tC. wouldD. wouldn't答案为D我所答的第21卷此题为：You'd better read it by yourself, ___ you?这样，答案就是hadn't you了。