chap11动力学(2)

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化学酶法动态动力学拆分胺类化合物研究进展

化学酶法动态动力学拆分胺类化合物研究进展

关键词 : 化学酶 ; 手性胺 ; 动态 动力学拆 分 ; 研究进展
中 图分 类 号 : 4 . 2 O 63 3 文献标志码 : A 文 章 编 号 : 0 8 1 1 ( 0 1 0 —0 8 —0 1 0 — 0 1 2 1 )3 0 3 5
Re e r h pr g e s o e o u i n o m i e y c e o n y a i s a c o r s fr s l to f a n s b h m e z m tc

要 : 述 了 动态 动力 学拆 分 的 原 理 , 绍 了化 学 酶 法 拆 分 消旋 体 胺 类 化合 物 的 反应 和 近 年来 的 研 究 进 展 ; 论 介 指
出 手 性 胺 是 构 成 许 多 中间 体 的 基 础 化 合 物 , 学 酶 法 动 态 动 力 学 拆 分 是 制 备 单 一 手 性 胺 类 化 合 物 的重 要 方 法 . 化
第 2 2卷 第 3期
21 0 1年 5月

学 研

中 国科 技 核 心期 刊
h y@ h n . d . n x j e u e ue
C H EM I CA I
R ESEA RCH
化 学 酶 法 动 态 动 力 学 拆 分 胺 类 化 合 物 研 究 进 展
郭 超
( 岛科技大学 化工学院 , 青 山东 青 岛 2 6 4 ) 6 0 2
Ab t a t A r v e sr c : e iw i p o d d s r vi e of h p i i e n r c nt e e r h r r s a ut he t e rncpl a d e e r s a c p og e s bo c — mo nz ma i yn mi i tc e o uton o mi s.I s p n e t t t hia m i s, a e y tc d a c k ne i r s l i f a ne t i oi t d ou ha c r la ne sa ca s of i l s mpo t n or a c omp nd ra t g ni c ou s, c n a be wi l u e a bui n b o ks o y he ie dey s d s l g l c t s nt sz di ma y ki dsofi t r d a e n n n e me i t s,wh l h moe y a i n m i ne i e o uton i n i ie c e nz m tc dy a c ki tcr s l i sa mpo t n ra t m e ho orpr p rng c r la ne t d f e a i hia mi s. Ke wo d c m o n y y r s: he e z me;c r la ne;dy a i i tc r s u i n;r s a c r r s hia mi n m c k ne i e ol to e e r h p og e s

(学习指导)必修4Unit11TheMedia含解析

(学习指导)必修4Unit11TheMedia含解析

□agenda n.□self-employed adj.□humour n.□tyre n.□committee n.□bush n.□niece n.□ankle n.□quiz n.□classic adj.□nephew n.□ambulance n.□opera n.□sew v t.□spokesman n.□strawberry n.□paparazzi n.□beer n.□greengrocer n.□ex-husband n.□bomb n.□corporation n.□fiction n.□district n.□sex n.□brand n.□trolleybus n.□faithfully ad v.□administration n.□budget n.□southwest ad v.□tobacco n.□reform n.□boom n.□fog n.□astronomer n.□self n.□concept n.1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.使用;采用2.(2019·北京卷)She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.联系;接洽3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.着手处理[单词拼写·运用]1.demand vt.要求,请求;需要n.要求;需求(量),需要(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求on demand 一经需求meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求(2)demand sth.of/from sb. 向某人要某物demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……demand an immediate explanation 要求立刻做出解释demands for services 要求提供服务make demands on his time 占用他的时间[名师点津]sth.demand doing/to be done“某物需要被……”。

咨询实物知识点总结

咨询实物知识点总结

咨询实物知识点总结第一章现代工程咨询方法1. 现代工程咨询服务范围包括哪些?答:(1)政策咨询;(2)规划咨询;(3)项目咨询;(4)评估咨询;(5)全过程工程咨询。

2. 现代工程咨询方法的特点是什么?答:定性分析和定量分析相结合,重视定量分析;静态分析与动态分析相结合,重视动态分析;统计分析与预测分析相结合,重视预测分析。

3. 常用的现代工程咨询方法分哪几类?答:综合分析、规划咨询、战略分析、市场分析、项目评价、项目管理等六大类。

4. 逻辑框架法这种方法的核心是什么?答:项目的各种要素之间的因果关系,即“如果”提供了某种条件,“那么”就会产生某种结果。

5. 逻辑框架法垂直逻辑的四个层次分别是什么?水平逻辑的四个层次分别是什么?答:垂直逻辑的四个层次分别是:宏观目标、具体目标、产出、投入和活动。

水平逻辑的四个层次分别是:目标层次、验证指标、验证方法、重要假设条件,6. 逻辑框架中的客观验证指标,包括哪些种类?答:逻辑框架中的客观验证指标,包括数量、质量、时间及人员等。

7. 层次分析法的优缺点分别是什么?答:优点包括:(1)系统性的分析方法。

(2)简洁实用的决策方法。

(3)所需定量数据信息较少。

缺点包括:(1)不能为决策者提供新方案。

(2)指标过多时工作量大,且权重难以确定。

(3)特征值和特征向最的精确求法比较复杂。

8. 运用层次分析法的基本步骤包括哪些?答:(1)建立层次结构模型。

(2)构造比较判别矩阵。

(3)单准则下层次排序及其一致性检验。

(4)层次总排序及其一致性检验。

9. 层次分析法的层次结构模型有哪几层,分别有什么元素内容?答:层次分析法的层次结构分为三层:(1)最高层目标层,只有一个元素,就是该问题要达到的目标或理想的结果。

(2)中间层准则层,层中的元素为实现目标所采用的措施、政策、准则等。

(3)最底层方案层,包括了实现目标可供选择的方案。

10. SWOT分析法的优缺点分别是什么?使用SWOT分析法时应注意什么?答:优点是:分析直观、使用简单,即在没有精确的数据支持和更专业化的分析工具的情况下,也可以得出较有说服力的结论。

2019秋外研版(浙江)九年级英语上册检测:Module 11Unit 2

2019秋外研版(浙江)九年级英语上册检测:Module 11Unit 2

Module 11PhotosUnit 2The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.一、根据汉语提示写出正确的单词1. Suddenly, the lion ________(冲) out of the cage and frightened everyone.2. She is wearing sunglasses to ________(保护) her eyes from the strong sunlight.3. I think Julie will be the ________(胜利者) of the English competition in our school.4.Most of the people have their favourite ________(歌手) and Liu Huan is my father'sfavourite.5. Let's welcome the headmaster to ________(授予) the prizes to the winners!二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Vicky is so great! She is one of the ________(win) of the competition.2. Alice's hobby is singing. Her dream is to be a ________(sing) some day.3. It is ________(wind) now. I'm afraid it is going to rain soon.4. My own problems seem insignificant ________(compare) with other people's.5.—The government is spending plenty of money building the countryside.—We are ________(please) with the government's efforts.三、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空headmaster, congratulation, tonight, even though,read out1. Today is my cousin's nineteenth birthday. I am going to his birthday party ________.2. The man at the gate must be our ________. He is always standing there every morning.3. No matter what problems we meet, we should try to solve them, and ________ we fail, teachers and parents are proud of us.4. Our English teacher asks us to ________ the passage loud.5.—I passed my driving test yesterday.—Did you? ________四、完形填空Helen was sure that she would win the photography competition. Ever since she found the notice calling for __1__ of sunset in the newspaper,Helen had planned to capture(拍摄) theview from the top of Central Library. After taking the pictures, Helen was __2__ that she would win the first prize.Two weeks later, when the winners were announced(宣布), Helen could not __3__ it; shedid not even place. “What's the matter with these people?”She complained __4__ it angrily. However, when she saw their photos,Helen realized that she had overvalued(对……评价过高) her talent. There was only one thing to do: __5__ herskills.At school the next morning,Helen asked Mr. James about joining the school photography club. As the president of the club, Mr. James __6__ cameras and could help her improve her skills. “Of course you can join!”Mr. James answered. “The only requirement is that you offer __7__ for our photo shoots and help develop creativity.”For the next several days, Helen thought __8__ ideas. She read the newspaper and saw a notice for another competition:Best Photo of City Wildlife. The first prize was a group camping trip to a state park. Helen __9__ that would be the perfect competition for the club to enter, and the members could share the prize together.Helen knew __10__ where she wanted the club to go and called her aunt who worked in arestaurant. It had a small deck(甲板) that jutted over the river with a great view of sunset onJanson Bridge. Helen knew about something __11__ under that bridge that held the key to win the competition.The next Saturday evening, the photography club stood on the back deck, cameras positioned towards the bridge. Helen knew what to __12__. Under Janson Bridge housed one of the largest bat groups in North America. As the sun began to set, a fascinating sight __13__ in the sky. “There they are!” shouted Helen. The students took pictures and stared in amazement. Bats flew over the water and formed a cloud.Two months later, one of the club's photos won the competition and the __14__ club was reported in the newspaper. “The city's animal lovers can't wait to see what the Stevenson Middle School Photography Club will __15__ next,” the reporter wrote in the article.()1.A. lettersB. photosC. storiesD. news()2. A. confident B. activeC. afraidD. nervous()3. A. believe B. join C. see D. sleep()4. A. for B. about C. with D. at()5. A. lose B. learn C. improve D. test()6. A. sold B. inventedC. repairedD. understood()7. A. dreams B. prizes C. ideas D. honor()8. A. from B. in C. about D. to()9. A. decided B. wonderedC. acceptedD. showed()10. A. carefully B. immediatelyC. graduallyD. widely()11. A. strange B. naturalC. specialD. private()12. A. trust B. reply C. invite D. expect()13. A. disappeared B. lostC. fellD. appeared()14. A. sports B. artC. photographyD. music()15. A. miss B. catch C. protect D. face五、阅读理解American country music is also known as(被称为) country western music. It has a very long history. It comes from the folk songs of immigrants(移民) from Britain.Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness, love, and sadness. That is to say, country music describes life. It talks about friends and enemies, trucks and roads, farms and crops. People in many parts of the world like country music, because everyone can understand what the music is about.Country western music became popular first among cowboys(牛仔) in the American westcountryside. Cowboys had to take care of cows day and night. When they were alone with the cows, they often sang beautiful and peaceful songs to calm__the__animals and to overcome their own fear. They were not well-educated and so they sang about their daily life in very simple words. They played guitars, violins, and other instruments. In the south of America, many people added instruments from their homes, like bottles and spoons. When cowboys visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving, they usually sang and played country western music.In recent years, many musicians have made country western music a little different from the one in the past. These changes make the songs sound even better. Today singers such as Carth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Emmylou Harris, Lyle Lovett, Eddie Rabbitt, LeAnn Rimes, Randy Travis, and a group called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles. They have brought country western music more and more fans from all over the world.()1. Country western music comes from the folk songs of immigrants from ________.A. AmericaB. FranceC. BritainD. Germany()2. According to the passage, people like American country music because ________.A. it has a long historyB. it comes from EuropeC. it is sung by cowboysD. it is easy to understand()3. The underlined part “ calm the animals” here means “make the animals become ________”.A. sad and lonelyB. quiet and relaxedC. angry and wildD. upset and scared()4. The best title(标题) for the passage is ________.A. Americans Love American Country MusicB. The History of American Country MusicC. Singers and Fans of American Country MusicD. All Kinds of American Music, Yesterday and Today六、词汇运用根据短文内容和所给中文提示,用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。

21世纪大学英语(读写教程)第四册课后答案(1-4)

21世纪大学英语(读写教程)第四册课后答案(1-4)

5.After he took charge, we discover ed that there were striking differen ces between him and his predeces sor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise
4.He send a short recordin g expressi ng his apprecia tion of the author's thoughtf ulness and sent it to the author. 5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfus ion came back again and again to donate his blood anonymou sly so that more patients could be saved.
5.You have a stomacha che. It's not that the food was bad — it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.
VIII
1.Presid ent Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and politica l isolatio n. Instead, he believed in internat ional cooperat ion through an associat ion of nations. put ers 3.We shouldn' t focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.

Module11Wayoflife模块综合测试题及答案解析

Module11Wayoflife模块综合测试题及答案解析

Module 11 Way of life模块综合测试题(测试时间45分钟总分100分)第Ⅰ卷(共50分)Ⅰ. 听力(10分)(Ⅰ)录音中有五个句子, 听一遍后, 选择最佳答案。

(5分)1. A. Yes, I can. B. Yes, I could.C. Yes, I am.2. A. That’s very kind of you. B. Not at all.C. With pleasure.3. A. It’s not mine. B. I’ve no idea.C. No problem.4. A. Yes, I would. B. Yes, please.C. Yes, I’d love to.5. A. Children’s Day. B. New Year’s Day.C. Teachers’ Day.(Ⅱ)录音中有一篇短文, 听两遍后, 选择最佳答案。

(5分)6. In ______ , people use knives and forks to eat.A. ChinaB. KoreaC. Australia7. In Europe, there are ______ dishes for every meal.A. two or moreB. twoC. more8. In the northern part of China, people often eat ______ .A. riceB. noodlesC. fish9. In the ______ part of China, people don’t eat m uch fish.A. easternB. westernC. southern10. In some parts of India, people use ______ to pick up the food.A. forksB. chopsticksC. fingersⅡ. 单项选择(20分)1. Children ______ sit in the front seat of a car. It’s too dangerous.A. needB. needn’tC. mustD. mustn’t2. The vegetable soup ______ delicious. Can I have more?A. looksB. tastesC. soundsD. feels3. Many people like the girl ______ because she is beautiful, ______ she is kindhearted.A. not only; andB. not just; butC. both; orD. not; and4. I felt very afraid and excited when I took a plane ______ the first time.A. inB. atC. withD. on5. ______ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.A. WhatB. What aC. How6.I don’t think Alice is able to do the job, because she had little ______ .A. successB. differenceC. discussionD. experience7. —Why are you so happy?—I gave Mr Wang a present and he ______ it happily.A. refusedB. acceptedC. broughtD. sold8. —What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.—I ______ to prepare for the final exam last night.A. picked upB. woke upC. stayed upD. put up9. —It’s cold outside. You’d better ______ the door.—All right.A. opensB. not openC. not to openD. don’t open10. —TV says there will be a storm tomorrow.— ______ . I planned to go climbing with my classmates.A. I hope soB. I’m afraid soC. Sounds goodD. Bad luckⅢ. 完形填空(10分)Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s1to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to2 a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy and3, you ma y think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are4 places. If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even 5to the owner of the restaurant.Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for6. In western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients(宴请宾客), but7friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “going Dutch(均摊费用)”. Also, when wester ners pay the bill,they usually leave some money for the8. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, it’s9to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service(服务)is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can10the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.1. A. popular B. difficultC. importantD. enjoyable2. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make3. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite4. A. noisy B. quiet C. busy D. clean5. A. shout B. explain C. plain D. speak6. A. everybody B. nobodyC. somebodyD. none7. A. until B. when C. unless D. since8. A. gatekeeper B. seller C. waiter D. visitor9. A. terrible B. mon C. serious D. unusual10. A. invent B. discoverC. preferD. findⅣ. 阅读理解(10分)For the British, home is a private place in which he or she goes to hide away from the troubles of life. It is very seldom that one would be invited to a Britishperson’s home. It is rude to knock on a person’s door if you are not invited. If you are invited, don’t ask to see more than the downstairs that your British host invites you into. Never ask how much the house or any of the items in it cost.To the American, most of them want their home to be a place where they can entertain(款待)and share their lives with their friends. They may be delighted to give you a full tour of their houses. They may also be pleased when you show your interest and pleasure in their houses.Both British and American people will engage in quite a bit of chat and a drink or two before the meal is served. After the first mouthful, you should say how delicious the food is and ask something about it. Remember, never eat with your mouth open and make very little noise while eating. It would be nice of you to help your host in any way. Maybe offer to pour some drinks or clear up after the meal.1. British people ______ invite friends to their home.A. oftenB. alwaysC. seldomD. never2. If your British friend invites you to his home, you can ______ .A. see anything you likeB. ask how much his house isC. ask the cost of any of the items in itD. only see the downstairs that you are invited into3. What does the underlined “engage in” mean in Chinese?A. 陷入B. 参与C. 回避D. 限制4. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Some manner s on visiting British and American people’s home.B. Different table manners between British and American people.C. Different ideas about the home between British and American people.D. Different ideas about how to get along well with neighbors between British and American people.第Ⅱ卷(共50分)Ⅴ. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词(10分)1. Our English teacher is very s________. We are all afraid of him.2. In the USA, when someone gives you a present, you must open it i________.3. It’s a t________in China to give presents to friends during the Spring Festival.4. There are many d________between my brother and I.5. My brother put a bag of rice on his right ________ (肩膀)and left the shop.Ⅵ. 完成句子(10分)1. 他喜欢做运动, 例如篮球和足球。

【2024秋】最新版译林版七年级上册英语第三单元Unit3《单词+短语+句子》默写专项练习(含答案)

【2024秋】最新版译林版七年级上册英语第三单元Unit3《单词+短语+句子》默写专项练习(含答案)

【2024秋季】最新版译林版七年级上册英语第三单元Unit3《单词+短语+句子》默写专项练习(含答案)Unit 3 Welcome to our school !Welcome to the unit核心单词1. n. 体育馆2. n. 楼房;建筑物3. n. 运动场4. n. 吃饭5. n. 大厅,礼堂6. n. 实验室7. adj. 现代化的,先进的8. adj. 明亮的单词变形1. have—(三单形式)2. build—(名词)3. library—(复数)核心短语1. 体育场2. 餐厅3. 也4. 多少5. 明亮又干净重点句型1. your school?你们的学校怎么样?2. The is the modern library.最好的部分是现代化的图书馆。

3. We have a nice dining hall .我们还有一个很好的餐厅。

4. classrooms does your school have?你们学校有多少间教室?5. They are. 它们都明亮又干净。

6. My school is big it's great.我的学校规模不大,但它很棒。

Reading核心单词1. pron. 每人,所有人,人人2. adj. 完美的3. vt. 度过,花(时间)vi. & vt. 花(钱)4. vi. & n. 闲聊5. adj. 令人激动的6. n. 布告板,告示牌7. n. 大门8. n. 新闻;消息9. n. 布告牌,木板10. prep. 例如;像11. vt. 相信12. det. & pron. 更多的,更大的adv. 更,更多13. adv. 很,十分,真正地14. adv. 很快,马上单词变形1. exciting—(形容词,激动的,兴奋的)2. match—(复数)3. students—(所有格形式)4. really—(形容词)5. story—(复数)核心短语1. 一个完美的地方2. 大量的3. 绿色的空地4. 花时间做某事5. 与某人聊天6. 看见某人正在做某事7. 运动比赛8. 进行,发生9. 明星学生10. 学校生活11. 回聊,再聊12. 喜欢做某事13. 从……学习重点句型1. our school! 欢迎来到我们的学校!2. They're .它们是我们学习的完美的地方。

Unit 11 Section A(1a-2d)九年级全册英语课件(人教版)

Unit 11 Section A(1a-2d)九年级全册英语课件(人教版)
1. Waiting for Amy drove Tina _c_r_a_z_y_. 2. Amy didn’t want to _s_ta_y_ at Rockin’ Restaurant. 3. Loud music makes John want to _d_a_n_c_e_. 4. The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy
crazy. = make me crazy John: Oh dear. Where did you go for dinner, then?
Tina: First we went to Rockin’ Restaurant, but Amy didn’t want to stay. She said that the loud music made her nervous.
Rockin Restaurant
1.The _a_w_f_u_l pictures make Amy u__n_c_o_m_f_o_r_ta_b__le_.
2.The _l_o_u_d_ music makes Amy _n_e_r_v_o_u_s_.
Blue Ocean 3.The _s_o_ft___ music makes Amy _r_el_a_x_e_d_,but it makesTina _s_le_e_ Nhomakorabea_y_.
Which restaurant would Amy rather go to?Why?
Amy would rather go to Blue Ocean because..
Amy would rather go to Blue Ocean .
Amy would rather =Amy'd rather

九年级人教版英语 unit11 练习2 含答案

九年级人教版英语 unit11 练习2 含答案

Unit11 Sad movies make me cry.单元练习一、单项选择(共15小题;共15分)1. --- Do you like Zhou Libo's talk show?--- Yes. His talk show is very funny. It always makes people .A. laughB. laughedC. laughingD. to laugh2. Let's the school rules.A. don't breakB. not to breakC. not breakingD. not break3. The parents told the children in the street.A. don't playB. not playC. not to playD. to not play4. Mr. Li asks us to remember that careful we are, mistakes we will make.A. the more; the fewerB. the fewer; the moreC. the more; the moreD. the less; the fewer5. --- Lily Lucy has joined the swimming club because they have no time.--- It's a pity!A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; orD. Neither; nor6. --- Why are you so excited today?--- We were told a picnic this weekend.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. had7. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates dancing with her.A. practiceB. practicesC. practicingD. to practice8. --- Which do you prefer, Chinese food or Western food?--- I would rather Chinese food. Let's have noodles.A. to haveB. havingC. hadD. have9. You can't sneeze and keep your eyes at the same time.A. openB. opensC. openedD. opening10. Lots of fast food restaurants use the color red make customers .A. to; eating fasterB. want to; eat fastC. to; eat fasterD. to; to eat fast11. We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone .A. excitedB. frightenedC. happilyD. luckily12. The assistant won't let you the cinema if you haven't a ticket.A. enterB. to enterC. entering13. The teacher told the boys football in the street. It is dangerous.A. to not playB. not to playC. not playingD. not play14. I like reading this kind of books, .A. up and downB. the more, the betterC. once againD. not only15. --- Mr. Smith, how do you like the weather here?--- It's quite good. It's too cold too hot.A. either; orB. both; andC. not only; but alsoD. neither; nor二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)(共10小题;共10分)16. The two sides failed to reach an a .17. Don't p the door! You should push it.18. After the failure(失败), he lost his c .19. You're getting heavier and you'd better lose some w to keep fit.20. His personal w is estimated(估计) at around $100 million.21. The doctor e her carefully, but he didn't find anything wrong with her.22. The little girl is too frightened, and her face turns p .23. We don't like the cinema. It has u seats.24. It's not my f , so I shouldn't say sorry.25. You must k the ball, not throw the ball because you are a football player.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)(共10小题;共10分)26. Give some candies to the little boy. Don't (使失望) him.27. It's almost impossible for the two sides to reach an (一致) about the issue.28. Driving again after his accident must have taken a lot of (勇气).29. The (重量) of these apples is about 20 kilos.30. Knowledge is the most precious (财富) of all things.31. He always feels (不舒服的) when his classmates talk with him.32. To be a scientist is my (目标).33. The famous Brazilian soccer team has ever had many excellent (教练).34. We all regard that (友谊) is the most important in the world.35. A strong man (拖) a car with his teeth just now.四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)(共5小题;共10分)36. 请相信我。

2024届山东省春季高考济南市高三11月第一次模拟考试英语试题(2)

2024届山东省春季高考济南市高三11月第一次模拟考试英语试题(2)

2024届山东省春季高考济南市高三11月第一次模拟考试英语试题(2)一、听力选择题1. How does the woman probably feel now?A.Confused.B.Worried.C.Angry.2. What does the man mean?A.He missed the speech.B.He lost his way to the train station.C.He couldn’t understand what the lecturer said.3. How does the man feel about the speech?A.Confident.B.Excited.C.Nervous.4.A.By involving him in an investment project.B.By lending him some money.C.By referring him to her brother.D.By advising him to retire early.5. When will the meeting begin tomorrow?A.At 9:00.B.At 11:00.C.At 12:00.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

1. What is the conversation mainly about?A.The time spent online at work.B.The use of the Internet for work.C.The effect of time management online.2. Why does the man surf the Internet at work?A.To kill time.B.To help him relax.C.To talk with friends.3. What does the woman decide to do?A.Spend little time chatting online.B.Go on Facebook every day.C.Try to be more creative by browsing the Web.7. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

【随堂检测卷】外研版英语七年级下册 Module 11 Unit 2

【随堂检测卷】外研版英语七年级下册 Module 11 Unit 2

Module 11 Unit 2 Here are some ways to welcome them 同步卷4一.填空题(共8小题)1.我一点也不喜欢黑色.I like black.2.明天丹尼想去参观北京的其他某个地方.Danny wants to visit in Beijing tomorrow.3.玛丽昨天没有向我们告别.Mary didn't us yesterday.4.Now many people can speak(外国的)languages.5.My mother goes to work on f every day.6.He is careful with that small(事实).7.That boy is very tall and he has two long l.8.Don't m the table.There is a glass of water on it.二.词汇应用(共6小题)9.Don't shout at your parents.It's r.10.Look! The dog has four short l.It looks funny.11.在课堂上举手问问题是礼貌的.put up your hand to ask questions in class.12.move,personal,rude,friend,carefulBody language is different in different countries.People in North America like (1)space,so don't stand too close to them when you talk.But in South America,people like to hold your arm when you're talking,so it's sometimes hard (2)away! When you talk to your (3)from Britain,don't touch them,or they will not be happy.And please be (4)when you are in Greece:never wave to say goodbye,because it's very (5)to do so.13.短语翻译事实上14.Are these things good for our(膝盖)?三.阅读表达(共1小题)15.In the past,people used words to express their ideas and feelings.Now people have a new way to share their life with their friends on WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈).To make WeChat Moments,people can use pictures,sounds,videos and their words to express what they want to say.Some people don't write anything.They share what they are eating,drinking,listening to,buying and fun time by sharing pictures.Someone says that WeChat Moments are like personal TV stations.People don't have to spend money putting them on the Internet,so it is easy for people to make them and watch them on their phones.Only friends on the users' list can watch your WeChat Moments.WeChat businessmen even put the advertisements of their products(产品)on the WeChat Moments for their friends to choose and buy.WeChat Moments are becoming more popular among people.When we post(发表)something on it,we must be sure that the information should be healthy for people to read and watch.根据短文内容,回答下列问题(不超过6个单词).71.What did people use to express their ideas and feelings in the past?72.What can people use to make WeChat Moments?73.What's WeChat Moments like?74.Who can watch your WeChat Moments?75.What do WeChat businessmen put on the WeChat Moment?.Module 11 Unit 2 Here are some ways to welcome them 同步卷4参考答案与试题解析一.填空题(共8小题)1.我一点也不喜欢黑色.I don't like black at all.【分析】I don't like black at all.【解答】根据题干,可知考查句型not…at all根本不;结合时态为一般现在时,用助动词don't。

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课后练习答案

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课后练习答案

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课后练习答案Text AVocabularyI.1.1) add。

nally investigate。

examine in hindsight。

initial stage。

occurrences。

connected。

compensate for。

is waiting for。

not at all。

advance。

appeared2.1) The living XXX.2) Natural XXX.3) XXX.4) His XXX.5) XXX from the 16th century have been published in some English magazines.3.1) picked up。

cannot achieve。

exaggerating2) somewhat。

performance。

neglected。

applicable3) aid。

Conversely。

valid。

rII.1.1) continuous。

uninterrupted。

persistent。

unceasing2.1) principal。

primary。

chief。

fundamental。

headIII。

(no errors or problematic paragraphs to delete)Comprehensive ExerciseI。

Cloze1.1) contrast 2) exaggerating 3) rity 4) on the other hand 5) promoting6) pick up 7) assist 8) plish 9) XXX) neglecting11) XXX) r2.1) finish 2) execute 3) confronting 4) capable 5) prepared6) formulated 7) method 8) remainder 9) certainly 10) standardII。

外研版七年级英语下册 Module 11 总结自测卷二(有答案)

外研版七年级英语下册 Module 11 总结自测卷二(有答案)

七下Module 11复习总结自测题二一、单项选择。

1. —Thanks for cleaning the room, boy.—. In fact, it's my to do so.A. Not at all;dutyB. All right;workC. OK;job2. ________ we see the old, we must say hello to them.A. WhileB. WhenC. BeforeD. After3. Tom didn't come to school yesterday ________ he was ill.A. becauseB. beforeC. untilD. so4. Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three ________ and four ________.A. German; AmericanB. Germans; AmericanC. Germans; AmericansD. German; Americans5. As students, we should say ________ to smoking.A. yesB. noC. helloD. thanks6. My parents are both farmers, so they like me ______ to a university(大学)in the future.A. goB. goingC. to goD. went7. I don't know the time ________ because no one wants to tell me.A. at allB. any moreC. in allD. of all8. It's too noisy here. Let's go ________ .A. anywhere quietB. somewhere quietC. quiet anywhereD. quiet somewhere9. —Excuse me, will the flight arrive soon?—Yes. It will be landing right ________.A. at timesB. in timeC. on timeD. some time10. —________late for school again, Tom!—Sorry, I promise I ________.A. Don't; willB. Don't be; won'tC. Don't be; don'tD. Don't; won't11. —Don't forget ________ your homework here tomorrow.—OK, we will.A. bringB. takeC. to bringD. to take12. ______when you cross the road.A. To careB. Be carefulC. To be carefulD. Be care13. Tom and Tim are twins, but they look ________.A. differentB. sameC. likeD. difference14. It's a fine day today. How about ________ a picnic?A. haveB. havingC. to haveD. had15. Because of the heavy rain, the plane didn't arrive _____.A. at timesB. in timeC. on timeD. some time16. _____ noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.A. PreventB. PreventingC. PreventedD. To prevent17. Please ______here earlier!We don't want to miss the last bus to the library.A. arriveB. to arriveC. arriving18. _______ to turn off all the lights when you go out.A. RememberB. To rememberC. Remembering19. Each of us ________ WeChat(微信) nowadays even the old people.A. playsB. playC. playingD. played20. —Harry, you should mind your manners. It is ______ to push in before others.—Sorry, Mum. I won't do it next time.A. politeB. rudeC. activeD. careless二、根据括号里的汉语提示写出单词完成句子。

(完整word版)全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课后练习答案

(完整word版)全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程2课后练习答案

(完整word版)全新版⼤学英语(第⼤版)综合教程2课后练习答案Key t o Exercises o f C ollege English B ook 2Unit 1★Text AVocabularyI.1.1) insert 2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting 10) not…in the least 11) promote 12) emerged2. 1) There is a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and thesouth.2) Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3) The city’s importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4) His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5) The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into someEnglish magazines.3. 1) be picked up, can’t accomplish, am exaggerating2) somewhat, performance, have neglected, they apply to3) assist, O n t he other h and, a re v alid, a s uperiorII.1. 1) continual 2) continuous 3) continual 4) continuous2. 1) principal 2) principal 3) principle 4) principles 5) principalIII.1. themselves2. himself/herself3. herself/by herself/on her own4. itself5. ourselves6. yourself/ by yourself/on your ownComprehensive ExerciseI. Cloze1. 1) contrast 2) exaggerating 3) priority 4) on the other hand 5) promoting 6) pick up 7) assist 8) accomplish 9) on occasion 10) neglecting 11) worthwhile 12) superior2. 1) end 2) perform 3) facing 4) competent 5) equipped6) designed 7) approach 8) rest 9) definitely 10) qualityII. Translation1.1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2) Tom u sed to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front o fa large audience.3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile tobuy/purchase it?5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2. To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.★Text BComprehension check: c c d a c bLanguage Practice1.g h e c f a b d2.1) adopt 2) account 3) from your point of view 4) ended up 5) furthermore 6) fund7) annual 8) keeping track of 9) pace 10) intends11) perspective 12) deviseUnit 2★Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) abrupt 2) emotional 3) bless 4) wear and tear 5) dated 6)consequences 7)seemingly 8) in contrast to 9) Curiosity 10) genuine11) primarily 12) sentiments2. 1) W hen you a re c onfronted with m ore t han o ne p roblem, t ry t o s olve t he e asiestone first.2) Water is vital to the existence of all forms of life.3) There is still some confusion among the students about what to do after classto follow up on the subject.4) As a person of s imple living habits, h e needs nothing more than a job and anapartment to be happy.5) It tickled him to think that she’d come to as his advice.3. 1) a lingering, fabricating, s entiments2) fill out, every item, vital, consequences3) be denied, tangible, cherish, attainII.1.It’s a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3. Don’t take me for a f ool.4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5. My u ncle w ill t ake m e (along on h is t rip) t o t he Arctic t his s ummer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III.1. hanging2. to give3. to return4. being praised5. not having written6. to say7. to open8. being helpedComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) well-off/affluent 2) dated 3) falling into 4) bracket 5) deny6) tangible 7) pursuit 8) cherishes 9) out of place 10) abrupt11) focus 12) donations2. 1) consume 2) fueled 3) annual 4) plain 5) physically 6) security7) indicates 8) equally 9) traditional 10) followsII. Translation1.1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.2. With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better offfinancially next y ear. W e w ill thus b e a ble t o focus o n t he most i mportant t ask that w e, e ducators, m ust t ake on: t o e ncourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.★Text BComprehension Check: b b d c d dLanguage Practice1. f c g e b a h d2.1) stunned 2) hold (fast) to 3) folks 4) generosity 5) discount 6) liable7) ranks 8) on the run 9) make up 10) blends in 11) by all accounts 12)comes into contact withUnit 3★Text AVocabularyI.1.1) typical 2)dumb 3) junior 4) glorious 5) welfare 6)came over 7) interference8) f ading 9) narrowed down 10) frank 11)schemes 12) at any rate2. 1) The Security council consists of five generals and four police officers.2) The new hotel will be in a location overlooking the lake.3) I was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people.4) Do you have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?5) the boy was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3. 1) hysterical; was handed down; should have known better than2) twisted, over and over, talented son3) patience, not to keep him in suspense, assured, repeatedlyII.1. adequate2. anxious3. certain4. content5. crazy6. likely7. fortunate8. keen III.1. be admitted2. live3. be postponed4. buy5. be banned6. be Comprehensive ExerciseI. 1. 1) typical 2) welfare 3) constant 4) frank 5) talent 6) dumb7) know better than that 8) repeatedly 9) dread 10) interference 11) bet 12) assure2. 1) despite 2) really 3) same 4) contact 5) admitted 6) attempt7) not 8) tend 9) different 10) mannerII. Translation1. 1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear powerplant to two coastal towns.3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.5) Sean felt humiliated ti hear his talent being questioned.2. George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings,which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner w hat t hey were thinking. M r. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.”In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.★Text BComprehension Check: b a b c d aLanguage Practice1. d e f g a b h c2. 1) and he like 2) popularity 3) had been kept in the dark 4) define 5) was aware of6)relate 7) were up to 8) trend 9)opportunity 10)mobile 11)comments12) interviewedUnit 4★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) conversely 2). but then 3) symptom 4) spitting 5) abusing 6) tone7) took…in8) editing 9) have arranged 10) in sight 11) stretched 12) data 2. 1) The sight of teenagers smoking cigarettes jars on me.2) A lot of American teenagers don’t like street gangs, but they find themselves gettingsucked in.3) Jeffrey’s computer crashed again this morning. The manager has arranged for atechnician from the computer store to check and repair it.4) During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled their country to avoid militaryservice/fled to other countries to avoid military service.5) The new government is planning an anti-corruption campaign so as to restore people’sconfidence in it.3. 1) the virtual, on line, via 2) nightmare, routine, any appointment, arrange for3) cue, remarks, his tuneII. 1. We came here all the way on foot.2. Private cars are not allowed on campus.3. They are on vocation in Florida.4. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5. Don’t worry, Lucy is always on time.6. Industrial demand on fuel is on the r ise.III. 1. hard 2. difficult 3. impossible 4. tough 5. hard 6. easyComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) internet 2) click 3) virtual 4) routines 5) arrange 6) nightmare 7) annoying 8)connection 9) crawls 10) take in 11) spit 12) data 13) sucked into 14) At times 15) flee 16) on line2. 1) companion 2) deliver 3) access 4) enables 5) customers 6) delights 7) provides 8)small 9) remote 10) informationII. Translation1. 1) Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2) A slow Internet connecting speed is really annoying.3) As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4) In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.5) Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.2. Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that theInternet has made my job a lot easier. I can write,submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.★Text BComprehension Check: c a a b d cLanguage Practice1.d e a c b f g h2.1) vehicle 2) hooked on 3)intense 4)worldwide 5)overnight 6)slipped7) on the whole 8) called forth 9) outwards 10)Needless to say 11) to myknowledge 12) On top of t hatUnit 5★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) startled 2) mere 3) motion 4) sweating 5) stretched 6) vain 7) On one occasion 8) anxiety 9) emotions 10) ashamed 11) In my mind’s eye 12)recurring2. 1) Mrs. White’s birthday coincides with her husband’s.2) They make big profits on the stuff they sell by creating an artificial shortage, which send sthe prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices.3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain.4) Politics and philosophy have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics atuniversity.5) Tension came over her, as she waited for her first TV interview.3. 1) media, dedication to, grace 2) his competitors, in excitement, hug him, congratulate him on 3) emotions, numerous, intensity, passion forII.1.Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.2.In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue hereducation to acquire still another degree.3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility tosafeguard the welfare of animals.4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them theidea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.6.Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.III.1.I work out in the gym for one hour every morning.2. Florence has worked as cleaner at the factory for five years.3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.4.The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work.6. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all.7.The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn.8.The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it.Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) In my mind’s eye 2) groan 3) competitor 4) intensity 5) anxiety 6) tense7) sweat 8) tension 9) soaring 10) recurring 11) brought me back to earth12) fantasy 13) sweat 14) congratulate 15) numerous 16) media2. 1) engineer 2) forget 3) convinced 4) how 5) build 6) accident7) thought 8)only 9) sharp 10) touched 11) instructions 12) finallyII. Translation1. 1) It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the companyinto a profitable business.2) The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3) We plan to repaint the upper floors of he office building.4) His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5) I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.2. Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedilyfrom negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider t he case of/Take Donna, H er s on unfortunately died in a car a ccident. T he intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”★Text BComprehension Check: b c b b c aLanguage Practice1. a e d c b h f g2.1) aid 2) inclined 3) in good health 4) shortcomings 5) penetrated6) dismiss 7)has suffered from 8)progressive 9)optimistic 10)to a degree 11)hold on to12)installUnit 6★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) culture/cultural 2) indication 3) miniature 4) ironic 5) stumbled into 6) decent7) buzzing 8) abnormal 9) mechanical 10) Shuddering 11) implied 12) leap2. 1) You can convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office a the airport.2) I f igured s he d idn’t k now the f irst t hing a bout c ooking a s she l ooked p uzzled a s t o h ow tocook rice with the rice cooker.3) The manager glowed with pleasure upon hearing that in spite of their faulty equipment theteam had accomplished some very useful work.4) I’m g rateful t o m y c ompany f or a llowing m e t o w ork f lexible h ours a s l ong a s I w ork e ighthours a day.5) On seeing the comments made in the margins by previous readers, Tom couldn’t helpthinking the book must be quite fascinating.3. 1) will not panic/feel panic, ’ll be at a disadvantage 2) hybrid, transmission3) crave, One indication, to distinguishII. 1. also 2. as well/too 3. too 4. also 5. as well/too 6. too 7. also 8. AlsoIII. 1. I’ve had enough 2. When I was old enough to work and earn money3. can’t get enough sleep at night4. has so far collected enough of them5. have strong enough arms6. have j ust e nough m oney t o l ive onComprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) stumbled into 2) not know the first thing about 3) mechanical 4) when it comes to5) hybrid 6) gritted her teeth 7) premise 8) at a disadvantage 9) panic 10) cultural 11) flexible 12) imply2. 1) chair 2) force 3) secrets 4) painstaking 5) recognized 6) steered 7) essentially 8) observation 9) women 10) tutor 11) inspired 12) unlessII. Translation1. 1) He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is far tooclever for his classmates.2) Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and startplaying with them.3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit myteeth and sell my hybrid car.4) The h unter w ould not h ave fired the s hots i f h e hadn’t s een a h erd o f e lephants c omingtowards his campsite.5) I f ind it i ronic that T om has a selective memory --- he does not s eem t o remember p ainfulexperiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.2. Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equality advocate.★Text BComprehension Check: b a d b d c aLanguage Practice1. b d a e g c f h2.1) crisis 2) weighed down 3) supportive 4) takes all the credit 5) pleaded6) in control of 7) party 8) expense 9) lives for 10) semester11) at every opportunity 12) stirUnit 7★Text AVocabularyI.1. 1) S trictly s peaking 2) d rifted 3) r esembles 4) i nvaded 5) i s c onquered 6) f ascinating 7) s nack 8) p ut…into practice 9) source 10) climate 11) surrendered 12) were aroused2. 1) an absolute necessity rather than a luxury 2) is a valuable addition to the football team.3) will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.4) alternative but to g via Vancouver to get to Seattle5) declared a ll b eef i mports w ill b e banned f or t he next s ix months as a n e mergency m easure t ostop the spread of mad c ow disease.3. 1) systematic, have invented, to a very real extent, mysteries2) to establish, to be modifies/ modifying 3) tolerance towards, strike out, enrichII. 1. a) wish b) wish c) want d) want/wish 2. a) skin b) hide/skin c) hide d) skin3. a) raise/rear b) raise c) rear/raise d) raise4. a) royal b) kingly/royal c) sovereignd) royal/kinglyIII. 1. Indeed 2. though 3. Frankly 4. Moreover 5. To my knowledge6. however7. nevertheless8. Yet9. instead 10) in other words Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) fascinating 2) tolerance 3) invented 4) addition 5) ban 6) corrupt7) out of control 8) influenced 9) elite 10)came up with 11) establishing12) Massive 13)sources 14)enrich2. 1) early 2) similar 3) source 4) observation 5) examine6) features 7) declared 8) stronger 9) accident 10) sprungII. Translation1. 1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.3) He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereignstate,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.2. Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to manypeople,linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.★Text BComprehension Check: c c c d b dLanguage Practice1. g e d c b h f a2. 1) give way to 2) predict 3) substantial 4) integrate 5) in transition 6) aspect7) to name a few 8) authority 9) dominate 10) had contributed to 11) unique12) rid yourself ofUnit 8VocabularyI. 1) barking 2) evil 3) brooding, hatched 4) migrant 5) tragedies 6) counterpart7) are complaining/complain 8) grim 9) flocks, fed on 10) vegetation11) patches 12) Scores of2. 1) was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests2) the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office3) wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowded unnoticed.4) looked deserted 5) were stricken by i t3. 1) patches, came into full bloom, were puzzled, mysterious2) throbbed with, sickened, migrant, a chorus 3) had crept into. Flickered, the starkII. 1. age-old, air force, daughter-in-law, first-rate, greenhouse, half brother, ice-cream, lifelike, light year, salesperson, self- centered, threefold, overuse, stone-still, worldwide2.1) poverty-stricken people 2) heart-breaking news 3) newly-built 4) well-fed kids5) successful spacewalk 6) peace-loving 7) need-based scholarships 8) color-blindpeopleIII. 1. lying 2. laid 3. lay 4. lain 5. lie 6. lay 7. lie 8. lay 9. lay 10. lies Comprehensive ExerciseI.1. 1) spell 2) stricken 3) misfortunes 4) surroundings 5) blossom/bloom 6) migrant7)deserted 8) silence 9) sickened 10) hatch 11) puzzled 12) in harmony with2. 1) rate 2) publication 3) dangerous 4) banned 5) export6) profit 7) accept 8)comprehend 9) boundaries 10) ultimatelyII. Translation1.1) This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.2) The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children nevercomplained.3) The m useum i s d esigned i n such a w ay that i t s tands i n p erfect h armony w ith i tssurroundings.4) It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5) Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow.2. This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round,the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner.However, w ith the coming of D DT and other pesticides, a n evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. M isfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.★Text BComprehension Check: b d a b b cLanguage Practice1. c d g a h b e f2.1) adapt 2) injured 3) immune 4) hostile 5) gives out 6) slight 7) take up8) significance 9) for the most part 10) deliberate 11)span 12) get caught up in。

人工智能生成内容(AIGC)专题一:探析 AIGC 的技术发展和应用

人工智能生成内容(AIGC)专题一:探析 AIGC 的技术发展和应用

证券研究报告 | 行业专题传媒2023年02月10日1. AIGC的跨模态生成值得重点关注 (5)2. 基于大模型预训练的NLP赋予了AI理解和生成能力 (5)2.1. ELMo将输出的词向量作为特征,解决了“一词多义” (7)2.2. BERT通过上下文预训练,提高了理解能力 (8)2.3. GPT-3利用超大数据和超大模型,省去了微调的过程 (9)2.3.1. ChatGPT趋近人类价值观及意图,有望进一步商业化 (11)3. 基于大模型的主流生成模型赋予了AI创造力 (12)3.1. GAN是基于“生成”与“对抗”提出的生成模型 (13)3.2. 扩散模型更接近人的思维模式,实现了跨模态应用 (13)3.2.1. 扩散模型实现了从文本到图像的跨模态应用 (14)4. 人工智能由单模态智能,向多种模态融合方向发展 (16)5. AIGC技术不断发展,有望带来更多商业化价值 (16)6. 投资建议:把握AIGC技术催化和商业落地的投资机会 (18)7. 风险提示 (19)图1:内容生产模式的四个发展阶段 (5)图2:自然语言处理的发展历史 (6)图3:大规模预训练模型大幅提升研发效率 (6)图4:BERT的每一层都是双向模型;GPT为单向模型;ELMo为单项模型叠加 (7)图5:大规模预训练语言模型的发展趋势之一是参数量不断增加 (7)图6:ELMo基于RNN,双向RNN可以利用前后文信息 (8)图7:ELMo将词嵌入作加权和,给出最终的词向量 (8)图8:ELMo解决了一词多义问题,且兼顾语义与词性 (8)图9:BERT的结构是Transformer中的Encoder部分 (9)图10:BERT采用了预训练+微调的两阶段模型 (9)图11:NSP任务中输入向量生成示意图 (9)图12:GPT模型结构 (10)图13:GPT-3将例子直接作为模型输入 (10)图14:Few Shot较Zero Shot在模型增大后表现提升更显著 (10)图15:GPT-3.5的进化树 (11)图16:RLHF工作原理 (11)图17:ChatGPT的训练模式 (11)图18:ChatGPT能够进行对话,甚至能完成撰写代码 (12)图19:ChatGPT上线2个月后月度用户数量破1亿 (12)图20:OpenAI推出付费订阅项目ChatGPT Plus,价格$20/月 (12)图21:不同生成模型之间的区别 (13)图22:GAN的基本思想 (13)图23:训练后的GAN生成案例 (13)图24:Diffusion Model基于马尔科夫链,通过学习噪声来生成数据 (14)图25:GLIDE可以进行文本到图像的生成 (14)图26:GLIDE可以执行图像修复 (14)图27:unCLIP模型示意图 (15)图28:DALL.E 2的生成案例 (15)图29:Image的架构示意图 (15)图30:Image的生成案例 (15)图31:Stable Diffusion生成效果 (16)图32:Stable Diffusion 2.0引入了图像深度扩散模型 (16)图33:AIGC相关技术场景及成熟度分类 (17)表1:ELMo、BERT与GPT系列的对比 (6)表2:国外主要AIGC预训练模型一览表 (17)表3:部分公司在AIGC领域的布局(截至2023/2/6) (18)行业专题传媒1. AIGC的跨模态生成值得重点关注根据中国信息通信研究院发布的《人工智能生成内容(AIGC)白皮书》,目前,对AIGC这一概念的界定,尚无统一规范的定义。

元宝山区六中九年级英语上册Module11PhotosUnit2Thephotowhichwelik

元宝山区六中九年级英语上册Module11PhotosUnit2Thephotowhichwelik

Unit 2 The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.测试时间:15分钟Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词1. We’ll p a gold watch to Mr Smith for his birthday.2. Do not r or you may have an accident.3. The Olympic w received a gold medal as an award.4. I won’t be back _____(今晚), so don’t wait up for me.5. We sell different kinds of _____(女衬衫) besides sweaters.答案 1. present 2. rush 3. winner 4. tonight 5. blousesⅡ.单项选择1.—Thanks ______ our government, we can play sports in the new playground next week.—That’s for sure! And we’ll have a sports meeting _____ one month.A. for; inB. to; inC. for; afterD. to; after答案 B 考查介词的用法辨析。

句意:——多亏了我们的政府,下周我们就能在新操场上进行体育活动了。

——那是肯定的!一个月后我们要举行运动会。

thanks to…“多亏”,为固定搭配;“in+一段时间”常与将来时连用。

故选B。

2.—I’ve g ot the job as a director at Radio Beijing.—______! That’s good news!A. Go aheadB. Come onC. CheersD. Congratulations答案 D 考查情景交际。

加氢脱氮动力学模型_徐征利

加氢脱氮动力学模型_徐征利
红外光谱测量测得的红外光谱见图sbta极的阳极过程有抑制作用起到阳极型缓蚀剂的作3nac溶液中sbta对铜电极的阴阳极挂片实验中sbta沉淀物和所制备的csbta复合物都是淡黄色固体通过红外光谱的比较可以看出两者的红外光谱图相似所以在腐蚀的过程中sbta可以和一价铜离子c以考察配合物中sbta421cm硫酰胺ii硫酰胺iii电化学过程均有明显的抑制作用是混合型缓蚀剂
3. 2 工业数据的获取
估计模型参数所需的数据, 主要取自某厂工业 精制反应器的操作和分析数据。 另外, 为了模型的精 度和估计的方便, 在有关部分允许和配合下, 也设计 了一些工况进行取样分析。 反应器温度和空速对加 氢脱氮反应的影响数据见表 4。 3. 3 模型求解 ( 14) 进行整理得: 对脱氮动力学模型 ( 13) 、
2. 3 空速的影响
积分得:
ln
N N
0 t
+ A (N
0
- N t) = k t
( 3)
以上速率方程表明, 当原料氮浓度较低时, A N ≈ 0, 接近一级反应速率方程。 而原料氮浓度较高时, 反应 级数小于一级。
2 脱氮影响因素分析及关联
由加氢脱氮反应研究以及工业加氢精制反应器 实际操作情况可知, 本模型中影响脱氮反应过程的 因素为: 温度、 氢分压、 空速、 循环氢中的 H 2 S 浓度 以及氮化物的类型等。 2. 1 反应温度的影响 加氢脱氮反应速度常数 k 与反应温度之间的关 系往往符合 A rrhen iu s 方程。温度越高反应越快, 但 温度升高往往受到热力学的限制, 而且过高的温度 容易使油品结焦。 加氢精制反应器的温度范围一般 为 280 ~ 420° C , 温度的高低取决于原料含氮量和脱 氮的效果。 由表 1 及表 2 可以看出温度对反应过程 的影响。

羟基自由基诱导 DNA 损伤机理研究进展

羟基自由基诱导 DNA 损伤机理研究进展

羟基自由基诱导 DNA 损伤机理研究进展樊岫珊【摘要】自由基反应在生命科学中扮演重要的角色。

在正常情况下,人体内自由基的产生与清除处于平衡状态,从而确保人体健康。

运动时,一系列的生化反应导致机体内清除自由基的能力不足以平衡运动应激产生大量自由基,而使机体内自由基含量急剧增加。

过多的自由基会导致DNA的结构改变,如糖苷脱落或碱基氧化,从而引起DNA永久性损伤,导致代谢异常,从而诱发各种疾病。

重点阐述羟基自由基(· OH)诱导DNA所含4种碱基氧化和糖苷断裂机制的研究进展,旨在对DNA的损伤机理、过程有全面理解,以期对后期实验提供理论基础。

%Free radical plays a key role in the biological science .Under the normal situation , the equilibrium state of generation and elimination of the free radicals is assured to the health of the body .When the generation of free radicals increases and tissues fail to re-move it, bio-molecules will be damaged .Many lesions are produced by the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and the DNA bases or the sugar moiety in the body .DNA can be permanently damaged by free radicals , manifested as decomposition of pentose and oxidation of bases.There is an obvious evidence for an important role of free radical-induced DNA damage in the etiology of numerous diseases . This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of DNA damage , such as oxidation of bases , breakup of sugar moiety which induced by hydroxyl radicals .A deep understanding to the mechanisms of DNA damages induced by free radical would be of outmost importance fordisease prevention and treatment , and the prospect of research in DNA damage by free radicals was also presented in this paper .【期刊名称】《生物学杂志》【年(卷),期】2017(034)001【总页数】5页(P80-84)【关键词】自由基;运动;DNA;损伤【作者】樊岫珊【作者单位】陕西师范大学体育学院,西安710119【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q523;G804.2自由基在生命科学中扮演重要的角色[1-2]。

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积分
c
0
cX
A,0
t dcX k dt 0 cX cB,0 cX
得:
cA,0
cB,0 (cA,0 cX ) 1 ln kt cB,0 cA,0 (cB,0 cX )
11.2.15
例 11.2.2 400 K 时,在一恒容的抽空容器中,按化学计量比引 入反应物 A(g)和B (g),进行如下气相反应:
(2)坐标轴旁注明该轴代表变量的名称及单位,纵轴左 面及横轴下面每隔一定距离标出该处变量的数值,横 轴从左向右,纵轴自下而上。
(3)将数据点以圆圈、方块、三角或其他符号标注于图 中,各图形中心点及面积大小要与所测数据及其误差 相适应,不能过大或过小。在一张图中若有数组不同 测量值时,应以不同符号表示,并在图上注明。
1.107 10 3 (k Pa s)1
k p,A 2-1.5 k 'p , A 1.107 10 3 (kPa s)1 / 21.5 3.914 10-4 (kPa s)1
由( 11.1.18 ):
k k p RT
n-1
3.914 104 400K 8.3144J k A k p , A ( RT ) n 1 k Pa s m ol K 1.302 10 3 (Pa1 s 1 J m ol-1 )
(4) 用作图工具(直尺或曲线尺)将各点连成光滑的线,当 曲线不能完全通过所有点时,应尽量使其两边数据点个数 均等,且各点离曲线距离的平方和最小。曲线与代表点的 距离应尽可能近,其距离表示了测量的误差。若作直线求 斜率,应尽量使直线成45˚。 (5) 写图题:数据点上不要标注数据,报告上应有完整的 数据表。整个图形应清晰,大小、位置合理。 (6)目前,随着微机的普及,各种软件均有作图的功能,应 尽量使用。但在利用微机作图时,也要遵循上述原则。
N2O4(溶液)
1 N 2O 5 (溶液) 2NO 2 (溶液) O 2 (g) 2
分解产物 NO2 和 N2O4 都溶于溶液中,而 O2 则逸出。在恒 温恒压下,用量气管测定 O2 的体积,以确定反应的进程。 在 40 °C 时进行实验,当 O2 的体积为 10.75 cm3 时开始计时 ( t = 0 ) 。当 t = 2400 s 时 , O2 的体积为 29.65 cm3 ,经过很长 时间,N2O5 分解完毕时 ( t = ), O2 的体积为45.50 cm3 。
A(g) 2B(g) Z(g)
测得反应开始时 p总( t = 0 ) = 3.36 kPa , t = 1000 s时,p总= 2.12 kPa,已知A (g)、B(g)的反应分级数为 0.5,1.5 ,求kp,A , kA 及半衰期 t1/2 。 解: 由A(g), B(g)的分级数得基于分压的 A 的速率方程为:
3 1.302(dm m ol1 s 1 )
由半衰期的定义:
1 s t1/2 ' 806.6s -3 k p,A pA,0 1.107 10 1.12
4. n 级反应
包括两种情况:
(1) aA → 产物 (2) a A + b B + c C + …→ 产物,当反应物浓度符合化学 计量比: cA cB cC
而溶液体积不变,所以有:
cA,0 cA

nA,0 nA

cA,0 cA
V V0 V Vt
1 V V0 k ln t V Vt
将题给数据代入上式,得到反应速率常数及半衰期:
1 45.50 10.75 4 1 k ln 3.271 10 s 2400s 45.50 29.65
a

b

c

均符合速率方程通式:
即为 n 级反应。
dc A n kc A dt
11.2.16
其中 n 可为整数 0,1,2,3…,也可为分数 ½,3/2,…。
当 n 1时,积分:
t dcA n cA,0 cA k 0 dt cA
1 1 1 ( n1 n1 ) k t 得积分结果: (n 1) cA cA,0
11.2.8
一级反应的动力学特征: (1) K 的单位是(时间-1),例如 h-1, min-1 , s-1 (2) ln cA与 t 有线性关系: - lncA∝ t (3)半衰期:t1/2 = ln 2/k , t1/2 与 cA,0 无关。
O
ln cA
t
例 11.2.1 N2O5 在惰性溶剂 CCl4 中的分解反应是一级反应:
动力学特征:
① k的单位是(浓度-1,时间-1) ,例如: m3 · -1·-1 。 mol s ② 若cA下降到cA,0的一半,需用时间 t1/2 = 1/(kcA,0)
③ 1/cA与 t 成线性关系 :1/cA∝t
1 cA
t
2)有两种反应物 ( n A + n B = 2 )的情况:
aA b0
积分:

cA
c A,0
t dcA k dt 2 0 cA
积分结果
1 1 kt cA cA,0
xA
def
11.2.11
cA,0 cA cA,0
引入已有的转化率定义:
11.2.7
xA 则: c (1 x ) k t A,0 A
11.2.12
试根据以上数据求此反应的速率常数和半衰期。 解:以 A 代表 N2O5 ,Z 代表 O2(g) 。用一级反应公式
1 cA,0 k ln t cA
代入 t 与 cA,0 / cA 数据即可求得 k 。
N2O4(溶液)
1 N 2O 5 (溶液) 2NO 2 (溶液) O 2 (g) 2
11.2.5
积分(11.2.5): cA,0
cA
dc A kd t cA 0
t
积分结果得:ln
cA,0 cA
k t
11.2.6a
或: cA
cA,0 ek t
11.2.6c
引入转化率: 则: ln
xA
def
cA,0 cA cA,0
11.2.7
1 kt 1 xA
dc A n n k c A cB kc AA cBB dt
有以下三种情况: (1) a = b,且两种反应物初始浓度相等,cA,0 = cB,0 , 因为 任意时刻两种反应物浓度仍相等, cA = cB ,所以有:
dc A 2 k cA dt
所以积分结果同(11.2.11)
1 1 kt cA cA,0
O
t
(3)定义 cA 变为 cA,0 一半所需的时间 t 为 A 的半衰期 t1/2 ,
则由 (11.2.2) : c c A,0 k t A,0 1/2
2
显然 t1/2 =cA,0 / 2k ,即 t1/2∝cA,0

2.一级反应 ( n = 1)
若反应 A 产物
它的速率方程:
dcA vA k A cA dt
dp A 0 .5 1 .5 k p, A pA pB dt
以反应物 A 表示的速率方程:
dc A 0 .5 1 k A c A cB.5 dt
因为开始时 A、B 的物质的量有关系式:nA,0 : nB,0 1 : 2

pA,0 pB,0
0.5 而且在以后任意时刻: pB 2 pA
t=0 t=t nA,0 nA nZ,0 , V0 = nZ,0 RT/p nZ,0+ (nA,0 - nA)/2
Z,0
Vt
t= 0
V
n
n
nA,0 nA / 2 p
RT
nZ,0 + nA,0 /2
p
Z,0
nA,0 /2RT
对比 V0、Vt 、V 可知:
V V0 nA,0 V Vt nA
n 级反应动力学特征:
(1) k 的单位是(mol · -3 )1- n · –1 m s
1
( n 1)
11.2.17
(2)
1
n c A1
对 t 有线性关系
n c A 1
t
(3) t1/2 c 与
n1 A,0 成反比。
n 1
将 cA = cA,0/ 2 代入( 11.2.17), 得: 半衰期:
11.2.11
(2)虽然 a b ,但两种反应物初始浓度符合
c A,0 a

cB,0 b
c A cB 则在任意时刻两种反应物浓度仍满足 ,所以有: a b
dc A b 2 2 k A c A cB k A c A k A' c A dt a dc B a 2 2 kB c A cB kB cB kB' cB 或: dt b
11.2.1
速率常数 k 的物理意义为单位时间内 A 的浓度减小的量,所 以其单位是: mol · -3 · –1 。 m s
对( 11. 2.1 )作积分:

cA
cA0
dcA kA dt
0
t
积分结果
cA,0 cA k t
11.2.2
cA
动力学特征有: (1) k 的单位是(浓度 ·时间-1); (2) cA与 t 为线性关系(如右上图)。
t1/2
ln2 0.6931 2119 s 4 1 k 3.271 10 s
如果数据很多,应当作线性回归,得到直线的斜率 ,从而 得到 k 。
3.二级反应(n = 2)
它的速率方程有两种情况: 1)只有一种反应物的情况:
aA 产 物
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