托福阅读备考练习资料之Exercise keeps you younger

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托福阅读考试备考全指南

托福阅读考试备考全指南To ensure the best preparation for the TOEFL Reading exam, it is essential to have a comprehensive guide that covers all the necessary aspects. In this complete TOEFL Reading exam preparation guide, we will explore various strategies, techniques, and tips to help you excel on test day. This guide is designed to provide you with a thorough understanding of the exam structure, question types, time management, and effective study methods. By following this guide, you will be well-prepared and confident in tackling the TOEFL Reading exam.1. Understanding the TOEFL Reading ExamThe TOEFL Reading exam consists of three to four academic passages followed by a series of questions. These passages are usually taken from textbooks, articles, and essays, reflecting university-level reading material. The exam assesses your ability to comprehend and analyze written English, making it crucial to enhance your reading skills.2. Familiarize Yourself with the Question TypesThe TOEFL Reading exam features several question types, including vocabulary, factual information, inference, reference, sentence simplification, and inserting sentences. It is vital to practice each question type thoroughly to become familiar with its requirements and develop effective strategies for answering them.3. Enhancing Vocabulary SkillsA strong vocabulary is crucial for comprehending the passages and answering vocabulary-focused questions. Read extensively, both fiction and non-fiction, to expose yourself to a wide variety of words and phrases. Make a habit of learning new words every day and practicing their usage in sentences. Utilize flashcards or online vocabulary tools to enhance your vocabulary retention.4. Developing Skimming and Scanning TechniquesTime management is essential for the TOEFL Reading exam. Skimming and scanning techniques can greatly assist in saving time while accurately understanding the main ideas and locating specific details. Skimming involves quickly reading through the passage to grasp the overall content, while scanning focuses on finding specific information such as keywords, dates, or names.5. Practice Active ReadingActive reading involves engaging with the text, making predictions, and actively seeking answers as you read. Take notes, underline key points, and summarize each paragraph to ensure better comprehension. By actively engaging with the material, you will improve your understanding and retention of the passage.6. Utilize Practice TestsTo gauge your progress and enhance your exam skills, it is essential to take practice tests regularly. These tests simulate the actual TOEFL Reading exam and provide an opportunity to familiarize yourself with the format,time constraints, and question types. Analyze your performance and identify areas for improvement to target your study effectively.7. Time ManagementManaging your time during the exam is crucial to ensure you can complete all the passages and questions. Set time limits for reading each passage and answering questions accordingly. Practice efficiency in skimming, scanning, and answering questions promptly to maximize your overall score.8. Review MistakesAnalyzing your mistakes from practice tests is an essential part of your preparation. Understand the reasons behind each incorrect answer and pinpoint areas where you need improvement. Focus on learning from these mistakes to avoid similar errors on the actual exam.9. Seek Expert GuidanceConsider seeking guidance from experienced TOEFL tutors or enrolling in a reputable TOEFL preparation course. These resources provide valuable insights, personalized feedback, and strategies specific to the TOEFL Reading exam, which can significantly boost your performance.10. Maintain a Consistent Study ScheduleConsistency is key when preparing for the TOEFL Reading exam. Create a study plan and stick to it. Dedicate sufficient time each day to practice reading passages, answering questions, and reviewing your progress.Consistent effort and regular practice will ensure steady improvement in your reading skills.In conclusion, success in the TOEFL Reading exam requires a well-rounded preparation approach. By understanding the exam structure, familiarizing yourself with question types, enhancing vocabulary skills, utilizing effective reading techniques, and practicing regularly, you can boost your confidence and significantly improve your chances of obtaining a high score. Stay focused, motivated, and disciplined throughout your preparation journey. Good luck!。

Dlhvks托福阅读必考的6套加试题

生活需要游戏，但不能游戏人生；生活需要歌舞，但不需醉生梦死；生活需要艺术，但不能投机取巧；生活需要勇气，但不能鲁莽蛮干；生活需要重复，但不能重蹈覆辙。

-----无名托福阅读必考的6套加试题目录一、托福阅读加试一: 电报 (2)二、托福阅读加试二: 鸟鸣【Birds Song】 (3)三、托福阅读经典加试一: 达尔文进化论 (5)四、托福阅读经典加试二: 苏美尔文明 (8)五、托福阅读经典加试三: 威尼斯盐业 (17)六、托福阅读加试: 蜜蜂（貌似很少考到） (18)七、TOEFL阅读补充加试 (20)托福阅读加试汇总为帮助同学们更好的复习托福考试,精品学习网为同学们搜集了最全的托福阅读加试.包括托福阅读经典加试: 达尔文进化论, 苏美尔文化,威尼斯盐业,以及最新托福阅读加试电报和小鸟唱歌等等.供同学们参考.一、托福阅读加试一: 电报本文主要讲述了电报在美国起步阶段所遇到的障碍。

其原因主要是：第一，缺乏资金；第二，缺乏政府监管；第三，美国政府当时致力于电话的研究。

本文还讲述了电报尽管是一项**性的发明，但是，它对人类的生活影响很小。

概述：科技进步，1840S 的电报已经有了长足进步 Telegraph 有很重大的意义：拉近了 long distance communication。

1. 遇到了什么样的obstacle？解析：A． fund 不够; B．缺少management；2. 电报在美国的发展存在缺陷，原因是？解析：当时 Telegraph 在美国发展得不如在欧洲发展得好，因为还把精力放在telephone 的研究上。

3. 电报在美国发展缓慢，该由谁负责？解析：在美国， telegraph system 掌控在私人企业手里（私有化 private），很多私企行为都用电报来联系。

这些私企有些很垄断（monopoly）。

4. 19世纪，美国电报的发展为什么发生了转折？解析：在 19 世纪，电报被纳入政府监管（under government regulation）。

托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题

托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题在托福阅读中，对很多学生来说也许找到句子的主干是一个难点。

因为，在目前的情况中，托福阅读难度加深内容加长，想要抓住重点，节省阅读的时间，并非会是你想象中的那么容易。

所以，在托福阅读的答题过程中，简化题也是会比较费时的一种题型。

那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读句子简化题实例练习，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题托福阅读句子简化题：Nineteenth-Century Politics【Paragraph 6】In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers.Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it,workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.(Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.○The Democrats' power wa s greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.托福阅读句子简化题答案：4托福阅读句子简化题：Swimming Machines【Paragraph 7】One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gill slits, thereby reducing water resistance.(Swimming Machines)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○These fishes often have a probl em opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：Artisans and Industrialization【Paragraph 2】The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, andmasters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.(Artisans and Industrialization) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family asapprentices demanded excellence from them.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2托福阅读句子简化题：Aggression【Paragraph 7】The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (Aggression)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2。

托福阅读TPO30原文+答案解析+译文

托福阅读TPO30原文+答案解析+译文托福TPO是托福备考小伙伴们最重要的参考资料，并且这个是在备考时候一定要认真多多练习，托福TPO是非常重要的希望大家一定要重视起来，小编为广大的托福考生整理了托福阅读TPO30原文+答案解析+译文，下面就来跟小编一起来看下面精彩内容吧!托福阅读TPO30原文Role of Play in DevelopmentPlay is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance--dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuelor energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an "impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.Play allows a young animal to explore its environment andpractice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers.There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggression. This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. Thus, many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play."#FormatImgID_0# #FormatImgID_1#Paragraph 1: Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements, either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance--dominance, predation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clearfrom behaviors alone.1.According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?O Play must be defined with concepts, not examples.O Play behavior often looks like nonplay behaviorO Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playingO Play occurs independently of an animal’s intentionsParagraph 2: Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood.2.According to paragraph 2, which of the following presentsa particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animalsO The delay between activities and the benefits the animal derives from them.O The difficulty in determining which animal species play and which do not.O The fact that for most animals, there is no clear transition from youth to full adulthood.O The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than canids and primates.Paragraph 3: Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in theloss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.3.The word “considerable” in the passage is closest in the meaning toO InitialO PracticalO EventuallyO Significant4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPTO exposure to predatorsO a buildup of fat storesO a loss of fuel that could be used for growthO risk of injury from slipping or fallingParagraph 4: The benefits of play must outweigh costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an "enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an "impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results showed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets).Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number of connections between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements.5.Why does the author include the comment “though they were fed the same diets”?O To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in enriched environments O To eliminate the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed differences in brain weightO To emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them aliveO To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food6.Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about an animal’s brain.O The heavier the brain, the richer the environment in which the animal was raised.O The younger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.O The larger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells.O The larger the animal’s cerebellum, the larger will be the animal’s nerve cells.Paragraph 5: Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may provide the opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or goats, for example, typically play by performingsudden flight movements and turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting.7.According to paragraph 5, why might play behavior of prey species be different from those of predator species?O Unlike predator species, prey species use play to prevent inappropriate social behaviors, such as biting.O Some prey species are physically incapable of certain types of predator movements.O The survival of each species type is linked to particular sets of muscular movements.O Predator species have more opportunities to practice play behaviors than prey species.Paragraph 6: Play allows a young animal to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the future. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers.8.The word “comparative” in the passage is closest in meaning toO relativeO temporaryO sufficientO complete9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O Only monkeys that have learned to control their selfish and aggressive behaviors can be involved in social groups.O Selfish and aggressive animals like monkeys live in groups in order to practice appropriate social behaviors.O Monkeys and other social animals need to learn behaviors appropriate for their social groups.O Some monkeys are naturally too selfish and aggressive to understand the give-and-take of social groups, so they learn such important behaviors while young.10. What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the role of adults in play activities of the young?O Adults help their young learn to become dominant within the social group.O Young animals learn how to play from the adults within their social group.O Adults allow the young to engage in play behaviors within a protected, sage environment.O The long developmental period of some animals allows adults more time to teach their young how to deal with the threats of predators.Paragraph 7: There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to ag gression. ■This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. ■Thus, many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness.■Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what follows is just for play." ■11. The word “potentially” in the passage is closest in meaning toO undoubtedlyO possiblyO unfortunatelyO quickly12. According to paragraph 7, how do some animals ensure that other animals understand that they are just playing?O By playing only with animals who are not predatorO By avoiding any aspects of the play behavior that are dangerousO By practicing nonaggressive and non-predatory behaviors O By using a set of signals that occurs only in play13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.With messages such as those, even dogs that are strangers to each other can be playing within a few minutes.Where would the sentence best fit?14.Directions: an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary be selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds andmammals.Answer ChoicesO Although play often resembles aggression, flight, or other purposeful activities, researchers do not degree on the reasons for and functions of playO Although many animals develop physically from play, too many young animals become victims of their natural predators while playing.O Animals such as rats, dogs, deer, goats and monkeys learn how to be both dominant and submissive during play activities so that they will fit in better with their adult social groups.O The function of play is still debated in the research literature primarily because each animal species uses so few of the many available types of play behavior.O Energy expenditure and security risks are some of the costs to animals of play behavior, but the costs are not so great that they outweigh the long-term benefits of play to the species.O As experiments and observations have shown, animals that play at some stages of their development obtain neurological, muscular, or social benefits from the play behaviors.托福阅读TPO30原文参考答案：1.○22.○13.○44.○25.○26.○17.○38.○19.○310.○311.○212.○413.○414. Although play often resembles …Energy expenditure and …As experiments and …托福阅读TPO30原文答案解析：第一题，B，细节题。

托福考试资料(阅读)

Reading Practice Set 1Directions: Read the passage. Give yourself 20 minutes to complete thispractice set.The Rise of Teotihuacán1. The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast ofmodern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200 –100 B.C. At its height,between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts ofMesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico).2. How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in theTeotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian1 resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley'spotential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint —for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness ofTeotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.3. This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán's rise.Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as thepredominant force in the area by the first century A.D.4. It seems likely that Teotihuacán's natural resources—along with the city elite'sability to recognize their potential — gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs(a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had asecure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecsites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.5. Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents ofTeotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic goods, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuacán.In addition, Teotihuacán's elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C. Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may haveserved as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.6. The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positivefeedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth,irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led toincreased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacán.The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.1 obsidian: a type of volcanic glasslike rock used for manufacturing tools andceremonial objectsDirections: Answer the questions.1. In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city ofTeotihuacán between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPT:A. A.regularly arranged streetsB. B.several administrative centers spread across the cityC. C.many manufacturing workshopsD. D.apartment complexes2. The word "ingenuity" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:A. A.ambitionB. B.sincerityC. C.faithD. D.cleverness3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in thedevelopment of Teotihuacán?A. A.The presence of obsidian in the Teotihuacán ValleyB. B.The potential for extensive irrigation of Teotihuacán Valley landsC. C.A long period of volcanic inactivity in the Teotihuacán ValleyD. D.Teotihuacán's location on a natural trade route4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C.?A. A.It was a fairly small city until that date.B. B.It was located outside the Valley of Mexico.C. C.It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center.D. D.Its economy relied heavily on agriculture.5. Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have "a competitive edge overits neighbors"?A. A.A well-exploited and readily available commodityB. B.The presence of a highly stable elite classC. C.Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of toolmakingD. D.Scarce natural resources in nearby areas such as those located in what arenow the Guatemalan and Mexican highlands6. According to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found atOlmecsites shown?A. A.Obsidian's value was understood only when Teotihuacán became animportant city.B. B.The residents of Teotihuacán were sophisticated toolmakers.C. C.The residents of Teotihuacán traded obsidian with the Olmecs as early as400 B.C.D. D.Some of the obsidian used by the Olmecs came from the area aroundTeotihuacán.7. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as beingfeatures of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.A. A.The prosperity of the eliteB. B.Plenty of available housingC. C.Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employmentD. D.The presence of one or more religious shrines8. In paragraph 6, the author discusses "The thriving obsidian operation," in orderto:A. A.explain why manufacturing was the main industry of TeotihuacánB. B.give an example of an industry that took very little time to develop inTeotihuacánC. C.illustrate how several factors influenced each other to make Teotihuacán apowerful and wealthy cityD. D.explain how a successful industry can be a source of wealth and a source ofconflict at the same time9. In paragraph 1 of the passage, there is a missing sentence. The paragraph isrepeated below and shows four letters (A, B, C, and D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added.In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as faraway as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.Where would the sentence best fit?The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast ofmodern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200 –100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. (A) It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrialworkshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. (B) Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. (C) Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religiouscontacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modernCentral America andMexico). (D)A. A.Option AB. B.Option BC. C.Option CD. D.Option D10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage isprovided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Somesentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thisquestion is worth 2 points.A. A.The number and sophistication of the architectural, administrative,commercial, and religious features of Teotihuacán indicate the existence of centralized planning and control.B. B.Teotihuacán may have developed its own specific local religion as a result ofthe cultural advances made possible by the city's great prosperity.C. C.Several factors may account for Teotihuacán's extraordinary development,including its location, rich natural resources, irrigation potential, intelligent elite, and the misfortune of rival communities.D. D.As a result of its large number of religious shrines, by the first century A.D.,Teotihuacán became the most influential religious center in all ofMesoamerica.E. E.In many important areas, from the obsidian industry to religious tourism,Teotihuacán's success and prosperity typified the classic positive feedback cycle.F. F.Although many immigrants settled in Teotihuacán between A.D. 150 and700, the increasing threat of coerced labor discouraged further settlement and limited Teotihuacán's population growth.。

2021年托福阅读模拟试题考点分析(卷十七)

2021年托福阅读模拟试题考点分析（卷十七）Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets. An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife concerns the sudden disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene epoch. Most paleontologists suspect that abrupt changes in climate led to the mass extinctions. Others, however, have concluded that prehistoric people drove many of those species to extinction through overhunting. In their "Pleistocene overkill hypothesis," they cite what seems to be a remarkable coincidence between the arrival of prehistoric peoples in North and South America and the time during which mammoths, giant ground sloths, the giant bison, and numerous other large mammals became extinct.Perhaps the human species was driving others to extinction long before the dawn of history. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested: direct competition, imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices. Direct competition may have brought about the demise of large carnivores such as the saber-toothed cats. These animals simply may have been unable to compete with theincreasingly sophisticated hunting skills of Pleistocene people.Human hunters could have caused imbalances among game animals, leading to the extinctions of species less able to compete. When other predators such as the gray wolf prey upon large mammals, they generally take high proportions of each year's crop of young. Some human hunters, in contrast, tend to take the various age-groups of large animals in proportion to their actual occurrence. If such hunters first competed with the larger predators and then replaced them, they may have allowed more young to survive each year, gradually increasing the populations of favored species. As these populations expanded, they in turn may have competed with other game species for the same environmental niche, forcing the less hunted species into extinction. This theory, suggests that human hunters played an indirect role in Pleistocene extinctions by hunting one species more than another.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effects of human activities on prehistoric wildlife(B) The origins of the hunter-gatherer way of life(C) The diets of large animals of the Pleistocene epoch(D) The change in climate at the end of the Pleistocene epoch2. The word "Undoubtedly" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) occasionally(B) unexpectedly(C) previously(D) certainly3. The word "components" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) parts(B) problems(C) changes(D) varieties4. Which of the following is mentioned as supporting the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis?(A) Many of the animals that became extinct were quite large.(B) Humans migrated into certain regions around the time that major extinctions occurred.(C) There is evidence that new species were arriving in areas inhabited by humans.(D) Humans began to keep and care for certain animals.5. The word "Besides" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) caused by(B) whereas(C) in addition to(D) in favor of6. The author mentions saber-toothed cats in line 17 as an example of a carnivore that(A) became extinct before the Pleistocene epoch(B) was unusually large for its time(C) was not able to compete with humans(D) caused the extinction of several species7. The word "they" in line 22 refers to(A) human hunters(B) game animals(C) other predators(D) large mammals8. According to the passage , what is one difference between the hunting done by some humans and the hunting done by gray wolves?(A) Some humans hunt more frequently than gray wolves.(B) Gray wolves hunt in larger groups than some humans.(C) Some humans can hunt larger animals than gray wolves can hunt.(D) Some humans prey on animals of all ages, but gray wolves concentrate their efforts on young animals.9. The word "favored" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) large(B) escaping(C) preferred(D) local10. According to the passage , the imbalances discussed in paragraph 3 may have resulted from(A) the effect of climate changes on large game animals(B) large animals moving into a new environment(C) humans hunting some species more than others(D) older animals not being able to compete with younger animals参考答案：ADABC CCDCCGlaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.A fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice crystals grown in the atmosphere. As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months, the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed together into a more dense form, granular snow. As new snow falls and buries the older snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow cementation —a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of intergrown ice crystals —finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacierice. The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers are converted into ice.In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of the Earth, the entire mass of ice is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers, the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid rock deep within the Earth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached, the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates. The trip down leads to the eventual melting of ice.1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effect of glaciers on climate(B) Damage from glaciers(C) Glacier formation(D) The location of glaciers2. Which of the following will cause density within the glacier to increase?(A) Increased water and air content(B) Pressure from the weight of new snow(C) Long periods of darkness and temperature variations(D) Movement of the glacier3. The word "bound" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) covered(B) chosen(C) planned(D) held4. Which of the following will be lost is a glacier forms?(A) Air(B) Pressure(C) Weight(D) Rocks5. According to the passage , which of the following is the LEAST amount of time necessary for glacial ice to form?(A) several months(B) several years(C) at least fifty years(D) a century6. The word "converted" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) changed(B) delayed(C) promoted(D) dissolved7. What is the purpose of the material in paragraph three?(A) To define two types of glaciers(B) To contrast glacier ice with non-glacier ice(C) To present theories of glacier formation(D) To discuss the similarities between glacial types8. In temperate glaciers, where is water found?(A) Only near the surface(B) In pools of various depths(C) In a thin layer below the firm(D) In tunnels9. The word "it" in line 21 refers to(A) formation(B) ice(C) thickness(D) weight10. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that a glacier(A) can revert to a fluffy mass(B) maintains the same shape throughout the glacial process(C) is too cold to be thoroughly studied(D) can contribute water to lakes, rivers, or oceans参考答案：CBDAB AADBD(25)ffeterd "spanning" in line 18d-The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today —summed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development." Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapidexpansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness —if not understanding —of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage ?(A) To show how technology influenced basic science(B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry(D) To argue that basic science has no practical application2. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) completely(B) realistically(C) individually(D) understandably3. The word "intensive" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) decreased(B) concentrated(C) creative(D) advanced4. The "list" mentioned in line 13 refers to(A) types of scientific knowledge(B) changes brought by technology(C) industries that used scientific techniques(D) applications of engineering science5. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following?(A) Engineering science is not very important.(B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.(C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized.(D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.6. The word "it" in line 16 refers to(A) understanding(B) public awareness(C) scientific knowledge(D) expansion7. The word "assumption" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) regulation(B) belief(C) contract(D) confusion8. Why does the author mention "consultants" in line 25?(A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions(B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not(C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work(D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science9. Which of the following statements does the passage support?(A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.(B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.参考答案：CABCB CBDAPASSAGE 70(20)The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observations of nest-building activities provide evidence of their evolution. Clues to this evolutionary process can be found in the activities of play and in the behavior and movements of birds during mating, such as incessant pulling at strips of vegetation or scraping of the soil. During the early days of the reproductive cycle, the birds seem only to play with the building materials. In preparation for mating, they engage in activities that resemble nest-building, and continue these activities throughout and even after the mating cycle. Effective attempts at construction occur only after mating.Although nest-building is an instinctive ability, there is considerable adaptability in both site selection and use of materials, especially with those species which build quite elaborate constructions. Furthermore,some element of learning is often evident since younger birds do not build as well as their practiced elders. Young ravens, for example, first attempt to build with sticks of quite unsuitable size, while a jackdaw's first nest includes virtually any movable object. The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents of a young osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, and one arrow.Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows have been seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had been dislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branches almost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size and most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.1. The word "obscure" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting(B) unclear(C) imperfect(D) complex2. According to the passage , which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part of the reproductive cycle of birds?(A) Selecting a mate(B) Collecting nest-building materials(C) Playing with nest-building materials(D) Building a nest3. The word "display" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) communicate(B) imitate(C) initiate(D) exhibit4. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line 14 because he(A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys(B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests(C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests(D) compared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species5. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusual objects?(A) Ravens(B) Ospreys(C) Crows(D) Sparrowhawks6. According to the passage , when gathering materials to build theirnests, sparrowhawks do which of the following?(A) Hang upside down(B) Select only green twigs(C) Use objects blowing in the wind(D) Collect more branches than necessary7. The word "these" in line 20 refers to(A) golden eagles(B) generations(C) winds(D) nests8. The word "load" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) weight(B) number(C) section(D) level9. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that(A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds(B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches(C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds(D) birds can carry twenty percent more of their own weight参考答案：BCDCB ADADPASSAGE 69Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing Photowire network and also provided timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package the news more conveniently andattractively. In 1982, many publishers felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide, full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event. Ironically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are comparatively small and inconspicuous.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States.(B) The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers(C) A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States.(D) Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States2. The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) began again(B) held back(C) thought over(D) referred to3. According to the passage , one important reason why newspapers printed daily weather maps during the first half of the twentieth century was(A) the progress in printing technology(B) a growing interest in air transportation(C) a change in atmospheric conditions(D) the improvement of weather forecasting techniques4. What regular service did The Associated Press and United Press International begin to offer subscribing newspapers in the 1930's?(A) A new system of weather forecasting(B) An air-mass analysis(C) Twice daily weather maps(D) Cloud-cover photographs5. The phrase "attests to" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) makes up for(B) combines with(C) interferes with(D) gives evidence of6. The word "others" in line 24 refers to(A) newspapers(B) ways(C) temperature maps(D) weather maps7. The word "drab" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) precise(B) poor(C) simple(D) dull8. In contrast to the weather maps of USA Today, weather maps in The New York Times tended to be(A) printed in foil color(B) included for symbolic reasons(C) easily understood by the readers(D) filled with detailed information9. The word "prominent" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) complex(B) noticeable百度文库-赵诚作品(C) appealing(D) perfect10. The author uses the term "Ironically" in line 28 to indicate that a weather map's appearance(A) is not important to newspaper publishers(B) does not always indicate how much information it provides(C) reflects how informative a newspaper can be(D) often can improve newspaper sales参考答案：BABCD ADDBB百度文库-赵诚作品。

托福阅读资料汇总

托福阅读资料汇总托福阅读离不开多加练习，下面小编就提供一些托福阅读资料给大家参考学习。

托福阅读资料：相由心生“相由心生”是一句成语，那究竟是不是这么回事呢，科学家们研究表明这种说法是有根据的，可以成立的。

所以说我们的祖先们是多么的睿智!下面我们来看这篇托福阅读练习。

If you exhibit positive traits such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be perceived as a good looking person, for a new study has found that the perception of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.The study, led by Gary W. Lewandowski, Jr, found that people who exhibit negative traits, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers.In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information on personality traits.After personality information was received, participants also rated the desirability of each individual as a friend and as a dating partner.Information on personality was found to significantly alter perceived desirability, showing that cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness."Perceiving a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski.The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater desirability as a friend, which leads to greater desirability as a romantic partner and, ultimately, to being viewed as morephysically attractive.The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was initially perceived to be, or of the participants' current relationship status or commitment level with a partner.What would you think of this lady's physical attractiveness if she exhibited bad personal traits?"This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good looking you are," said Lewandowski.如果你表现出诚实和乐于助人等美好品质，那么别人会觉得你的外表也很迷人。

TOEFL托福考试阅读冲刺

TOEFL托福考试阅读冲刺为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理了托福考试阅读冲刺,下面我就和大家共享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福考试阅读冲刺1The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today — summed up, not altogether accurately, as research and development. Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed for the application of science was engineering science rather than basic science.Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness — if not understanding — of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.1. What is the authors main purpose in the passage ?(A) To show how technology influenced basic science(B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry(D) To argue that basic science has no practical application2. The word altogether in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) completely(B) realistically(C) individually(D) understandably3. The word intensive in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) decreased(B) concentrated(C) creative(D) advanced4. The list mentioned in line 13 refers to(A) types of scientific knowledge(B) changes brought by technology(C) industries that used scientific techniques(D) applications of engineering science5. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following?(A) Engineering science is not very important.(B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.(C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized.(D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.6. The word it in line 16 refers to(A) understanding(B) public awareness(C) scientific knowledge(D) expansion7. The word assumption in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) regulation(B) belief(C) contract(D) confusion8. Why does the author mention consultants in line 25?(A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions(B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not(C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work(D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science9. Which of the following statements does the passage support?(A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.(B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.参考答案：CABCB CBDA托福考试阅读冲刺2The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observations ofnest-building activities provide evidence of their evolution. Clues to this evolutionary process can be found in the activities of play and in the behavior and movements ofbirds during mating, such as incessant pulling at strips of vegetation or scraping of the soil. During the early days of the reproductive cycle, the birds seem only to play with the building materials. In preparation for mating, they engage in activities that resemble nest-building, and continue these activities throughout and even after the mating cycle. Effective attempts at construction occur only after mating.Although nest-building is an instinctive ability, there is considerable adaptability in both site selection and use of materials, especially with those species which build quite elaborate constructions. Furthermore, some element of learning is often evident since younger birds do not build as well as their practiced elders. Young ravens, for example, first attempt to build with sticks of quite unsuitable size, while a jackdaws first nest includes virtually any movable object. The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents of a young osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, and one arrow.Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows have been seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had been dislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branches almost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size and most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.1. The word obscure in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting(B) unclear(C) imperfect(D) complex2. According to the passage , which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part of the reproductive cycle of birds?(A) Selecting a mate(B) Collecting nest-building materials(C) Playing with nest-building materials(D) Building a nest3. The word display in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) communicate(B) imitate(C) initiate(D) exhibit4. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line 14 because he(A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys(B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests(C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests(D) compared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species5. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusual objects?(A) Ravens(B) Ospreys(C) Crows(D) Sparrowhawks6. According to the passage , when gathering materials to build their nests, sparrowhawks do which of the following?(A) Hang upside down(B) Select only green twigs(C) Use objects blowing in the wind(D) Collect more branches than necessary7. The word these in line 20 refers to(A) golden eagles(B) generations(C) winds(D) nests8. The word load in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) weight(B) number(C) section(D) level9. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that(A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds(B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches(C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds(D) birds can carry twenty percent more of their own weight参考答案：BCDCB ADAD托福考试阅读冲刺3Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureaus national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by their local forecasting office. In the 1930s, when interest in aviation and progress in air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the APs Washington, B.C., office from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press International (UPI), developed a competing Photowire network and also provided timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the weather map became an essential ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened by increased competition from television for readers attention, sought to package thenews more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide, full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event. Ironically, a newspapers richest, most instructive weather maps often are comparatively small and inconspicuous.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States.(B) The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers(C) A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States.(D) Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States2. The word resumed in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) began again(B) held back(C) thought over(D) referred to3. According to the passage , one important reason why newspapers printed daily weather maps during the first half of the twentieth century was(A) the progress in printing technology(B) a growing interest in air transportation(C) a change in atmospheric conditions(D) the improvement of weather forecasting techniques4. What regular service did The Associated Press and United Press International begin to offer subscribing newspapers in the 1930s?(A) A new system of weather forecasting(B) An air-mass analysis(C) Twice daily weather maps(D) Cloud-cover photographs5. The phrase attests to in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) makes up for(B) combines with(C) interferes with(D) gives evidence of6. The word others in line 24 refers to(A) newspapers(B) ways(C) temperature maps(D) weather maps7. The word drab in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) precise(B) poor(C) simple(D) dull8. In contrast to the weather maps of USA Today, weather maps in The New York Times tended to be(A) printed in foil color(B) included for symbolic reasons(C) easily understood by the readers(D) filled with detailed information9. The word prominent in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) complex(B) noticeable(C) appealing(D) perfect10. The author uses the term Ironically in line 28 to indicate that a weather maps appearance(A) is not important to newspaper publishers(B) does not always indicate how much information it provides(C) reflects how informative a newspaper can be(D) often can improve newspaper sales参考答案：BABCD ADDBB托福考试阅读冲刺4In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenthcentury. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks.Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.1. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?A) They discovered a new kind of clay.B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.C) They studied new techniques in Europe.D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.2. The word ornate in line 7 is closest in meaning toA) elaborate B) puzzlingC) durableD) common3. The passage suggests that the earliest stonewareA) was decorated with simple, abstract designsB) used three-dimensional decorationsC) was valued for its fancy decorationsD) had no decoration4. How did yellow ware achieve its distinctive color?A) by sponging on a glazeB) by dusting on metallic powdersC) by brown-glazingD) by firing at a high temperature5. The phrase derived from in line 19 is closest in meaning toA) ruined byB) warned againstC) based onD) sold by6. The word It in line 20 refers toA) red wareB) yellow wareC) Rockingham wareD) English brown-glazed earthenware7. The word Various in line 21 is closest in meaning toA) complicatedB) acceptedC) carefulD) different8. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning toA) explainB) restrictC) financeD) supplement9. What was special about flint enamel?A) its even metallic shineB) its mottled appearanceC) its spattered effectD) its varicolored streaks10. Which of the following kinds of Rockingham ware were probably produced in the greatest quantity?A) picture framesB) dishes and bowlsC) curtain tiebacksD) doorknobs 11. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion ofA) what bedpans, foot warmers, and cuspidors were used forB) well-known, modern-day potters who make Rockingham wareC) examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially wantD) pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in todays market 参考答案：BAADC CDADB C。

托福阅读考试预测试题材料

托福阅读考试预测试题材料2017托福阅读考试预测试题材料托福阅读题型在读过每篇文章后(总共3-5篇)，有12-15个关于大概内容、作者意图、从文章得出的推断等、复述、填补图表、完成总结等是新加入的类型。

不具备与文章主题有关的背景知识不会妨碍得出正确的答案。

下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017托福阅读考试预测试题材料，希望能给大家带来帮助!World health experts warned Thursday that smoking water pipes, long popular in the Middle East and North Africa and with a growing fan base elsewhere, can be more harmful than cigarettes.世界卫生专家近期警告称，在中东和北非盛行的水烟危害程度可能比香烟更大，全球其他地区也有越来越多的水烟爱好者。

"A single puff from a water pipe is nearly equal to the volume of smoke inhaled from an entire cigarette," said The Tobacco Atlas launched at the World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Abu Dhabi.在阿布扎比的世界烟草或健康大会上推出的世界烟草图册显示;"从水烟管吸入一口的烟量几乎等于吸入一整只香烟的量。

”And World Health Organization tobacco expert Edouard Tursan d'Espaignet said "one session of shisha (water pipe) can be equal to smoking 20 to 30 cigarettes in one go, which can be very dangerous."世界卫生组织烟草专家爱德华·图尔桑·艾斯帕内特说“吸食一次什莎(水烟)的量可能等于一口气吸食20到30只香烟的量，这是很危险的。

TOEFL考试备战冲刺阶段之阅读篇

阅读篇(考试时间--55分钟) 通常：该section被认为是所有section中最简单的！
一、结构题型：
5篇文章，共50题。

考题类型大致有三类：(1)单词--(题数多>15T。

) (2)找代词指代对象。

--(送分题！题数约5--8T。

) (3)纯考文章内容。

--(20T左右。

) 二、各题型功略：
1、单词部分：(1)背！背！背！----重点：动词、形容词！
(2)不认识时：----回原文找同义词！或相关提示信息！
2、指代问题：两类(1)it、one、their、its、that等：
考并列----看整句话！找已知话中处于相同地位的词！
(2)that、which涉及到定语从句的：
在选项中找从句中谓语动词的发起者或接受者！
3、内容问题：
(1)细节题：通常可回原文定位找到----找相近，找相似！易！
回原文找定位的方法：a、题本身给！
b、至少先可作出一个段落的定位！
c、位置多夹于前后两题位置之间！(除首尾两题外！往往不按序而来！) (2)结构题：看题目后读选项！
注意：a、不要根据你读的信息去作推理！
b、不要把文章从头到尾当成一个整体，尽可能各段独立！
c、整文的最后一句出题较多，故详读！
三、总体建议：
1、做题原则：“傻子原则”！--完全依据原文！记忆比理解更重要！
2、步骤建议：简读原文(主读各段头一两句！)----读问题----看选项！
四、实战偏招：(用于两选项很难区分时！) 1、选项中有比较，但原文没明确表示过的，不选！
2、绝对化说法，不选！
TOEFL考试备战冲刺阶段之阅读篇。

托福考试阅读提分训练题

托福考试阅读提分训练题托福考试阅读提分训练题贵有恒何必三更眠五更起，最无益只怕一日曝十日寒。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福考试阅读提分训练题，希望能给大家带来帮助!PASSAGE 36The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society's activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the "Industry of All Nations" section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York.The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting inWater Color was published in New York City in 1856 — the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson, published in 1802 and by the 1850's long out of print.In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.1. This passage is mainly about(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800's(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800's(C) a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800's(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800's2. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City(C) John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters(D) The first book on watercolor painting was published3. The word "securing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) locking(B) creating(C) constructing(D) acquiring4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting in Watercolor EXCEPT:(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan.(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society(C) The society exhibited only the paintings of its members.(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members.5. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in Watercolor was significant for which of the following reasons?(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor.(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source.(C) It was the first important exhibition of the society's work.(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society.6. The word "it" in line 15 refers to(A) time(B) group(C) building(D) studio7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850's?(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization.(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition space.(C) The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of artists.8. Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it(A) received an important reward(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting(C) was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction(D) attracted the interest of art collectors9. The word "considerable" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) sensitive(B) great(C) thoughtful(D) planned10. The year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?(A) Elements of Graphic Art was republished.(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly exhibited.(C) The neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City was built.(D) The National Academy of Design held an exhibition of watercolor paintings.11. The word "prominent" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) local(C) famous(D) organized参考答案：BADCC BACBD C。

2019年托福培训阅读备考冲刺练习试题及答案二

2019年托福培训阅读备考冲刺练习试题及答案二Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Ofall the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwakegull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gullsthat nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshellsafter the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Its defensive behavior(B) It interactions with other gull species(C) Its nesting habits(D) Its physical difference from other gull species2. The word "rear抚养，培养" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) visit(B) watch(C) reverse(D) raise3. The word "scale攀爬" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) climb(B) avoid(C) approach(D) measure4. The word "immunity免疫" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) distance(B) transition(C) protection(D) reminder5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.(C) The kittiwakes' eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?(A) Bonaparte's gulls(B) Atlantic puffins(C) Kittiwake gulls(D) Northern gannets8. The word "it" in line 17 refers to(A) location(B) edge(C) nest(D) practice9. The word "conspicuous显著的，显而易见的" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) disordered(B) suspicious(C) noticeable(D) appealing10. The phrase "On the other hand" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) however(C) for example(D) by no meansCDACB AACCB。

托福考试阅读文章练习2新

托福考试阅读文章练习2备考的路上，哭过、累过、笑过，但只要坚持向前走，终将会拿到属于我们的证书。

以下是我整理的“托福考试阅读文章练习2”！祝大家备考顺当！Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of theUnited States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and insmall towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, andmoral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideologythat proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior tourban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned theprecarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fearsand suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that citieswere overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reformsthat promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water andsewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas andelectric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privatelyowned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city andstate governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number ofcities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reformsargued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access tothese utilities and guarantee a fair price.While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others lookedat the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environmentinfluenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans toguide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, butthe rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century tookplace without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completelyrebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plansfor regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century2. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) diagonal(B) slope(C) distortion(D) prejudice3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas(A) were suspicious of their neighbors(B) were very proud of their lifestyle(C) believed city government had too much power(D) wanted to move to the cities4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the cityin order to(A) participate in the urban reform movement(B) seek financial security(C) comply with a government ordinance(D) avoid crime and corruption5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) suggested(B) overestimated(C) demanded(D) welcomed6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to ruralareas.7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) additional(B) expensive(C) various(D) modified8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utilitycompanies(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments(C) the availability of services was regulated by local government(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) Experts(B) Pioneers(C) Reviewers(D) Supporters10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)?(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factoriesCDBBD ABDDA文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

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托福阅读备考练习资料之Exercise keeps you younger
在托福的备考的过程中，我们总还是离不开词汇的积累、语法的掌握、逻辑关系的涵义等等要素的。

但是，这一切的内容和技巧，脱离开了题目的练习和阅读，终究还是无法实现的。

为此，点课台教育在这里为大家整理托福阅读练习系列资料，希望能为大家的托福备考带来一定的帮助。

Exercise may hold the key to youth, according to a study published on Monday which showed people who keep fit are up to nine years biologically younger than those who do not.
The findings are the first to show in humans how keeping fit affects the ageing process.
The study of 2,401 twins found that a sedentary lifestyle raises the risk of a range of problems from heart disease to cancer and appears to play a key role in the ageing process.
It all appears to boil down to the length of structures called telomeres -- which protect the DNA on the chromosomes, the researchers from King’s College London wrote in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
Many studies have shown telomeres get shorter over time, suggesting the cells are ageing or dying. The study, which extracted a DNA sample from their volunteers, found people who exercised more each week had longer telomeres.
Exercise lowers the risk of a range of problems such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer, the researchers said.
“It is not just walking around the block. It is really working up a sweat,”said Tim Spector, a genetic epidemiologist who led the study, in a telephone interview.
The study found people who exercised vigorously 3 hours each week had longer telomeres and they were 9 years biologically younger than people who did under 15 minutes.
Spector’s team, who also adjusted for body weight, smoking, economic status and physical activity at work, also said moderate exercise for 1-1/2 hours each week provided a four-year advantage.
Studying twins also provided a unique opportunity to gauge the effects of exercise on people with the same or similar genetic make-up, the researchers said.
The reason why exercise has this effect is not clear but the researchers said they believe physical activity somehow defends against the natural process called oxidative stress, which damages and kills cells.。