高中虚拟语气_复习
高中英语语法复习之情态动词虚拟语气
情态动词定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等.情态动词后面加动词原形情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。
情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。
如果我们把ought to和used to 看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式。
2）情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一。
3）情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式。
4）情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词。
5）情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。
在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。
6）情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用。
用法首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
2020高中英语语法分类复习-虚拟语气
二十.虚拟语气一、语气的种类语气有三种：陈述语气、虚拟语气、祈使语气。
虚拟语气，表示说话人的假设、猜测、建议或愿望，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气可出现在单独的一个句子和所有从句中；虚拟条件可由从句、介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词、副词乃至于名词等表示。
二、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1. if条件从句中的用法①表示与现在事实相反的假设从句谓语动词用过去式（be 动词的过去式正式用法一律用were），主句动词用“would/should/could/might +动词原形”。
If I were rich, I would buy that car.若我有钱，我就买那辆车。
If I had a car, I should be very happy.若我有一辆车，我会很快乐。
If you asked him, he might tell you.如果你问他，他会告诉你。
★在虚拟语气中，should, would, could, might的区别：主句中，一人称可用would,也可用should,没有意义区别。
前者表“肯定、必然”的结果，后者主要用于英国并可表“应该”含义。
could表“能力、允许、可能性”，might仅仅表“可能性”，且语气弱。
②表示与过去事实相反的假设从句谓语动词用过去完成式，主句用“should / would / could/might + have +过去分词” If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.如果我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话了。
If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.如果他抓点紧的话，他就会赶上火车了。
If he had been there, he would have helped you.如果他在那儿的话，他会帮助你的。
高中英语高考高考英语语法总复习课件：虚拟语气 (共82张PPT)
【例11】 When a pencil is parted in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____(break)_. 【例12】 Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ (happen)yesterday.
主句 would/should/could/might
If he didn’t come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
主过将从过， 主过将完从过完 would do/did would have done/had done
【例1】 If we ______ (take)the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
做题时注意：动词的形式根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整
一分为二，先找时间再判断时态。
【例4】
If we ______ （book）a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
高中英语语法学案--虚拟语气
虚拟语气归纳复习一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中(一) 虚拟条件句中的三种时态：1. 与现在事实相反：If + S +did / were , S + would /should / could / might+ do2. 与过去事实相反：If + S + had done , S + would / should / could / might + have done3. 与将来事实可能相反：If + S + did / were/ should do /were to do, S + would /should / could / might+ do1)If I _________________(be) tired, I _______________________(take) a rest.2)If I had known his address, I______________________________________(write) a letter to him.3)I you __________________(come) yesterday, you __________________________(meet) him.4)If I _____________________________(be) free tomorrow, I__________________( go) to the library.5)If the sun _____________________(stop) shining, only one smile from you____________________(make) theworld bright.6)I ___________________________(appreciate) it if you ______________(can) reply to me as soon as possible atyour convenience.7)Even if he ______________(be) here, he _______________________________(solve) the problem / issue.8)If he _________________________(drive) more carefully, he ___________________________(avoid) the caraccident yesterday.9)What ____________________________ (happen) if we _______________________________ (not work) hard?10)If the traffic ___________________(be ) so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.(二) 虚拟条件句中的混合时态:有时条件从句和主句的时态不一致，但必须有明确的时间状语表明不同的时间。
高中英语语法复习：虚拟语气知识点讲解及巩固练习题(含答案)
高中英语语法——虚拟语气知识点讲解及巩固练习题含答案1. 英语中的三种语气英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。
2. 非真实条件句的虚拟语气条件从句主句过去had done would/should/might/could/ought to have done现在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/ought to do将来1、did2、should do3、were to dowould/should/might/could/ought to do巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：MS COW(奶牛女士)：might, should, could, ought to, would 2.1. 与过去事实相反1). If I had had much money at that time, I would have bought you what you want.2). If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.3). If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.4). We wouldn’t have succ eeded if it had not been for their help.5). If you had been here yesterday, you would have met the film star.6). If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.7). If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.8). If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.9). If you had worked a little harder, you could have passed the final examination.10). If they had invited her to the party, she would have attended it.2.2.与现在事实相反1). If I were you, I would go there at once.2). If my classmates were here, they would help me.3). If I were you, I would accept the job.4). If classes were smaller, children would learn more.5). If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.6). If I had enough money, I would buy a large house.7). If I had time, I would go shopping with you.8). If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.9). If he were here now, we would ask him about it.10). If I had time, I would study French.11). If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道)12). If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。
高中英语词法复习汇总：虚拟语气
11．虚拟语气1. If she had worked harder, she______.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should suc ceedD. would have succeeded答：D。
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：从句用过去完成式(had done)，主句用would (should，might，could)+现在完成式(havedone)的形式。
2. I wish I_________ you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see答：C。
wish后接虚拟浯气的从句，若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去式，若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去完成式，若表示与将来事实相反的愿望，谓语用would+动词原形．如：I wish I were ten years younger now 我希望我现在年轻十岁。
I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望我将成为一名科学家。
3. If my lawyer__________ here last Saturday, he__________ me from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been. would preventC. were, would preventD. were, would have prevented答：A．从时间状语last Saturday可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
4. Without electricity human life___________ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be答：D。
此题考查的足虚拟语气的含蓄条件句，从时间状语today可判断是与现在事实相反的虚极语气。
高中英语高考语法知识整理复习(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
高中语法-虚拟语气汇总
虚拟语气（一）if条件状语从句的虚拟语气注意：(1), if条件状语的倒装：如果从句中有were, had, should时,可以倒装成：Were / Had / Should +主+其他（if省略）（2）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中。
这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断时态如: without, but for, suppose (supposing) otherwise (or/or else), though (although) 等（3）.时间错综句有时候if条件状语从句和主句表达的时间不一致，这种情况下，主从句的谓语动词应分别根据具体时间加以调整。
（4）、虚实错综句有时候一个句子中虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起，这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。
（二）动词+ 宾语从句的虚拟一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command;三个建议：suggest, propose, advise;四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require后面的从句用（should）do 形式It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句（三）wish / as if (as though) / if only/would rather的虚拟这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即比陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。
Wish现在—— did /were过去—— had done将来—— would/should/could/might doas if / as though好像did / werehad donewould/ should/could/ might doIf only …要是…就好了did / werehad donewould/ should/could/ might do would rather (that) 宁愿...did (were) (现在和将来）had done（过去）（四）It is (about/ high) time that ...是时候....过去时should+V.(should不能省）The use of “it”一，it作非人称代词泛指一个人或事物：It’s me / Jack.泛指天气：It’s going to rain .泛指时间：It was nearly midnight.泛指距离：It is half an hour’s walk .泛指环境：It is noisy here.泛指价钱：It is one thousand yuan二，it做人称代词it 用做人称代词，代替前文提到的事物it / one / ones / that / those 的区别it = the/this/that +n. 特指前文提到的事物eg. The book on the desk is mine, and it is very interesting .one = a + n. 泛指前文提到的同类人或事物,只替换单数的可数名词eg. I want a watch , but I have no money to buy one .that = the + n. 特指，同类不同物；替换可数名词或不可数名词，只代事物不代人，eg. The voice of a woman is sweeter than that of a man .三，it做形式主语/形式宾语真实主语是不定式，动名词或主语从句。
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气用法总结大全一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省三．虚拟语气的其他用法省一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall3. He hesitated（犹豫）for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春)A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96)A. drove; didn't getB. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国)A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93)A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; would not have takenD. would have been warned; had not taken7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91)A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be11. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.--- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34’)A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended12. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西22’)A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t goC. wouldn’t goD. hadn’t gone13. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they we re waiting for me. (天津15’)A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come14. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was16. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount time and energy .（2010浙江）A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved17. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .（2010北京）A. wouldn’t dieB. didn’t dieC. hadn’t diedD. wouldn’t have died18. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010湖南)A .followedB .should follow C. had followed D. would follow20. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津15) A. would B. should C. could D. might 21. ------ Did you go to his wedding ceremony yesterday ? ------- No. But I would if I had been free. (改错) 二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1. — Where are the children? T he dinner’s going to be completely ruined.— I wish they always late. （北京28’）A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海)A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires3. —— Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?—— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what4.①The chairman suggested that the meeting _________________(put off) until the next week.②The look on his face suggested that he ____________(be) angry with what you did.5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you. （08山东）A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed6. The doctor recommended that you ____swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t (09浙江13)7.①The man in prison insisted that he _________nothing wrong and _________set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had b een②The patient insisted that he _________ill and _________to the hospital.A. wasn’t, wasn’t sentB. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sentC. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sentD. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be se nt8.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿by 20 percent.A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿over the river.A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿after 11 o’clock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿back before thedeadline(截止日期).A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sent三．虚拟语气的其他用法1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ＿＿＿your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold for us to live. (97 上海)A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly3. It is necessary ＿＿＿the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return4. It’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home5. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿that you are not the most important person in the worldA. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should be realizing6. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused（2010江苏）8. I have watched that movie——it’ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t （2010山东）9. But for their help, we ___ the program in time. (09安徽34)A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not have finished10. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won (09福建35)11. What a pity? Considering his ability and experience, he better. （08江西）A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done12. If it were not for the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建)A. couldn’tB. couldC. can’tD. might not13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits would be immediately cut off.(2006 湖北)A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国)A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken15. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海)A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not16. What would have happened _________ , as far as the river bank? (NMET 2001 上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob walked farther。
虚拟语气知识点复习讲义 2023届高考英语一轮复习
虚拟语气虚拟语气的概念：虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气的运用：一、if引起的虚拟条件句条件状语从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设动词用一般过去式（be动词用were）would/could/might/should +动词原形If I were a boy, I would join thearmy.If she had time, she would go withyou.与过去事实相反的假设动词用had donewould/could/might/should + have +过去分词If he had taken my advice, hewould have succeeded in thecompetition.与将来事实相反的假设动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形would/could/might/should +动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, thefootball match would be put off.If you came tomorrow, we wouldhave the meeting.If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting tillnext Monday.1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be 动词用were),主句用would/could +do。
If she had time, she would go with you.If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.do。
高中英语语法复习10 动词的语气——虚拟语气
语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed!祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。
)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
现将虚拟条件从句和主注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。
如: If my brother were here, everything wouldbe all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习情态动词与虚拟语气知识讲解
高考英语语法复习情态动词与虚拟语气知识讲解一、情态动词（1）表示能力时，can只用于一般现在时，could仅用于一般过去时；而be able to则有更多的时态，如将来时、完成时等。
I haven’t been able to read that report yet.He will be able to skate as well as you.（2）Was/were able to表示能力时，侧重经过努力而成功做到某事；而could仅表示具备能力，不说明是否实施了能力。
He studied hard and was able to pass the exam.（3）用在其他动词，如might,may,would,want,hope等之后表示能力只能用be able to。
He might be able to fix your car.（1）must还可以表示质问或感情色彩，意为“偏要，偏偏”。
Why must it snow on Saturday?（2）should还可以表示惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，尤其用在以why,who,how等开头的疑问句中或某些感叹句中。
why should you be so late today?（1）must作“必须”讲的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
-Must I pay now?-Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.（2）need还可以作实义动词，有人称和数的变化，后跟带to的不定式作宾语。
She needed to go out for a walk.（1）两者在表示过去的习惯动作或行为时常可通用。
When we were children, we would/used to go skating every winter.（2）Used to与would都不能与表示具体频率、次数的词及特定的时间状语或具体的一段时间连用。
高中英语语法备考大全 专题16 虚拟语气
专题16 虚拟语气◎简单句中的虚拟语气◎虚拟语气在条件从句和主句中◎名词性从句中的虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类1.语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office？请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
2.表祝愿（1）常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。
高考语法复习 虚拟语气 课标
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校高考语法复习虚拟语气一、知识归纳1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) 三种形式与现在的事实相反：虚拟条件句构成：If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主句构成：主语+would/could/might/should +动词原形If I had time, I would attend your party.与过去的事实相反：虚拟条件句构成：If+主语+had+过去分词主句构成：主语+would/could/might/should +have+过去分词You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.与将来的事实相反：虚拟条件句构成：①If+主语+动词的过去式②If+主语+were to+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形主句构成：主语+would/could/might/should +动词原形If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to snow tomorrow, we should take photos.If she should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace3) 错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去)If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在)4) 含蓄条件句有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气. 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything for her (if I could).We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway).Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for 如: What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars) ? We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us).But for the rain(if it had not been for the rain), we would have finished the work2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wish she had taken my advice.2) order, suggest, demand, insist等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were) It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl 2) 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire, demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work. 当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It isordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening.5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it todayYou had better not go dancing tonight2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that6. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should +动词原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:It is time that you went to schoolIt is time that we should start out7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would dieIf it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time8. 用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film!9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
高中英语虚拟语气语法复习(打印背诵版)
高中英语虚拟语气语法复习(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载背诵) 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he...)(=If there were no water,…)(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
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现在虚拟did/were一般虚拟过去虚拟had donewere to将来虚拟did/were虚 1.if 型should+V原拟注意：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)语不同时间的虚拟气混合虚拟虚拟与陈述的混合2.（should）+V原：(1)一坚持（insist）二命令（order，command）三建议（advise，suggest，propose）四要求（desire，demand，require，request）注：当insist作坚持认为讲，suggest当暗示、表明讲时不用虚拟语气(2) It is natural/necessary/strange/important/a pity/a wonderthat-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等(3)It is (high/about) time +that- clause (did, should do )(did/were 与现在相反)(would/could/might + do与将来相反)3. 类似if型: (1)wish/as if+ that ( had done 与过去相反)did/were 与现在相反)（2）would rather/ if onlywould/could/might + do与将来相反had done 与过去相反)(3) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise 后从句同)注意：without/but for+句子时态和if主句相同一．一般虚拟Eg: (1)If I had time, I would attend the meeting.(2)If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam(3)If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.二．混合虚拟：（1）不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.总结：只要有具体的时间，主从句分开看。
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have p assed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二．Should+V原(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause (should do/do )（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist的判断)(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主从)(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表从）His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同从）(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)（5）It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.三．类似if型（1）wish /as if + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)(would/could/might + do与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反)Eg: 1. I wish I could go with them tomorrow.2. I wish I had never met him.3. She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.did/were 与现在相反)（2）would rather/ if onlywould/could/might + do与将来相反had done 与过去相反)eg;1. If only he would come tomorrow!2.I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.(3)without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)巩固练习①If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.A. will beB. would have beenC. could have beenD. would be 【解析】答案为D。
观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
故答案为D。
句意：如果没有虚拟语气的话，英语会更加简单的。
②________he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When【解析】答案为A。
句意：如果他的腿没有受伤的话，他就会赢得此次比赛了。
根据句意可知此句是是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选―if‖引导虚拟条件句。
③If it _______ tomorrow, we________ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. rains; would have had toB. were to rain; will have toC. should rain; would have toD. rained; should have had to【解析】答案为C。
根据语境中所给时间状语tomorrow可知，这是表示将来的条件状语从句，本句可使用陈述语气（条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时），也可使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气（条件句用did/were to do/should do…，主句用would do…），根据所给选项，只有答案C项为正确答案。
特别注意省略―if‖的虚拟条件句④________fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be【解析】答案为B。
虚拟条件句省略了―if‖，要把―should‖放在从句主语的前面构成部分倒装。
句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其它福利也不会受到影响。
⑤______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not【解析】答案为C。
根据主句中谓语动词结构would not have gone，说明前一分句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，应选用过去完成时结构，分析四个选项，只有选项C（倒装结构）为正确答案。
实际上，相当于一个陈述结构：If it had not been for…。
If Newton lived toda y, he would be surprised by what________in science and technology.A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered【解析】答案为D。
与现在的事实相反，从句用的是过去时，主语用―would‖加动词原形构成。
―by‖后的宾语从句是现在的事实，因此就该用与实际相符的时态来表示。
―by‖后的宾语从句表示的意思是：科学技术已经发现的东西。
①They ________two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get【解析】答案为B。
【简析】根据下文―否则他们不可能负担得起‖中所用的―虚拟语气‖表示―与过去的事实相反的情况‖可以推断上文应该是一个过去的事实。
②But for the Party, he _______ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have diedB. must have diedC. would dieD. died【解析】答案为A。