概论2

WTO terminology Tourist term used in this textbook tourist terms used by the WTO Tourists = visitors Stayovers = tourists Excursionists = same-day visitors Stopovers Stopovers are travelers temporarily staying in a location while in transit to a destination region. They do not clear customs or undergo any other border formalities that signify an official visit to thMajor tourist categories
Four major types of tourist .international stayovers are tourists who remain in a destination outside their usual country of residence for at least one night. .international excursionists remain in such a location without experiencing at least one overnight stay. .domestic stayovers stay for at least one night in a destination that is within their own usual country of residence, but outside of a ‘usual environment’ that is often defined by special distance thresholds from the home site. .domestic excursionists undertake a similar trip, but without staying overnight.
2.3.2 Temporal component
A WTO threshold that sets a limit of one year as the maximum amount of time that an inbound tourist can remain in the country and still be considered a tourist. For domestic tourist this threshold is normally reduced to six mouths. Stayover and excursionists .stayover: the tourist (domestic and international) remains in the destination for at least one night. .excursionists: the trip does not incorporate at least one overnight stay, and then the term excursionist is commonly employed. *Excursion-based tourism is dominated by two main type of activity. Cruise ship excursionists (e.g.: Caribbean and Mediterranean) Cross-border shoppers (e.g.: Canada and US)
2.3.5 Definition and data problems
International tourism A. the standardization and universality of tourist related data are relatively recent developments, and this calls into question the validity of virtually any such data collected prior to the mid-1990s. B. there are some countries that have not yet become members of the WTO, thereby it is not easy to get the validity of the resulting data. C. the quasi-state situations cited earlier and the problems that may occur when deciding if a tourist has experienced an overnight stay or not. D. the highly suspect figure that is provided for 1950 is still used as the basis for generating year data. . omestic tourism D A. reliable data results are dependent on appropriate sampling techniques and all the other procedures that must be followed in the surveying process. B. even highly developed countries continue to experience many difficulties in their attempts to understand the magnitude of their tourism system as a preliminary step in their effective management
.Differs: A: domestic tourists far outnumber international tourists at a global scale and within most countries. B: relatively little is known about domestic tourists compared with their international counterparts, despite their magnitude and economic importance. C: when the tourism system incorporates geopolitical entities that are not part of a fully fledged country, the distinction is not entirely clear. Outbound and inbound tourists .outbound tourist (those leaving their usual country of residence) . Inbound tourist (those arriving in a country different from their usual country of residence.) A: Any international tourist is both inbound and outbound at the same time, with the distinction being based on whether the classification is being made from the perspective of the county of origin or the country of destination. B: the cumulative number of inbound trips will always exceed the total number of outbound trips at a global scale, since one outbound trip must translate into at least, but possibly more than, one inbound trip.
Internal system: A: involve multiple destinations and transit region, and extensive travel within those destination regions. B: the tourism stakeholders in the system C: the overall tourism system is a hyper dynamic structure that is in a constant state of flux. (Tourist, accommodation, transportation)
2.3.3 Travel purpose
Three major categories: .leisure/recreation It accounts for the largest single share of tourist activity at a global level, includes vacation, pleasure and holiday. .visiting friends and relatives It is the second most important purpose for tourism. The destination decision is normally predetermined by the place of residence of a person’s friends and relatives. .business It is a form of tourism only if the traveler is not paid from a source based in the destination, including consulting, sales, operations, management and maintenance. The largest category by far involves meetings, incentive travel, conventions and exhibitions, all of which are combined in the acronym MICE.