中国的饮食文化

1. 我国悠久的历史、广袤的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中国有一句古话至今广为流传，叫做“民以食为天”。几千年的推陈出新和不断积累，使中餐受到越来越多的海外人士的青睐，成了我国对外文化交流的一个友好使者。

China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to the distinctive Chinese culinary art. An ancient Chinese saying, still popular today, goes, “Food is the paramount necessity of the people.”With several thousands years of creative and accumulative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular among more and more overseas gourmets, virtually functioning as an envoy of friendship in China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries.

2. 现代中国已享有“烹饪王国”之美誉，精致的烹调艺术盛行全球，中餐烹饪已名列世界顶尖菜系之林。中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数。这些无与伦比的中餐烹饪特点，足以说明了中餐馆以及中餐烹调之所以名扬海外的缘由。

Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine”. The exquisite Chinese culinary art, regarded indisputably as one of the world’s finest culinary traditions, has prevailed all over the world. The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may very well account for the universal popularity of Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking overseas.

3. 评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在烟灰菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能体现色彩的是首先上桌的那道煞费苦心精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对事物的直接感受，它还包括所选原料的新鲜程度以及佐料的合理调配。“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀工。色、香、味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。

The three essential factors, or key elements, by which Chinese cooking is judged, are known as “color, aroma and taste.”The color of Chinese food, the first of these elements which is so evident in a Chinese banquet, includes the layout and design of dishes, best exemplified in particular by the large elaborately-prepared cold dish served at the beginning of the dinner. Aroma implies more than what one’s nose can detect directly; it also includes the freshness of the raw materials used and the blending of seasonings. Taste is the art of proper seasoning, though it also involves the texture of food and fine slicing techniques. These three essential elements, color, aroma and taste, are achieved by the careful coordination of a series of delicate activities; selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the

heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table.

4. 8人一桌的标准晚餐含4道冷盘、4道热炒，外加汤和米饭。外国宾客见之，常常惊叹不已，将其视为一次丰盛的晚宴。但在中国人眼里，以这种规格的晚餐招待宾客，只是一种起码的标准。准备10道分量适中的菜肴并不为过，即使献上16道菜，亦不足为奇。在中国，一桌标准宴席包括4至8个事先制作好的冷盘，8道现做的热炒、两道观赏性大菜（如全鱼、乳猪、全鸡等），此外还有汤、米饭和点心。晚宴结束前还有一道水果。来华访问的海外宾客应记住，赴宴不可贪吃，每道菜“浅尝辄止”。从这个角度上来讲，中国宴席犹如西方国家的冷餐招待会。

Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of eight people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses hot dishes, coupled with soup and steamed rice; they consider this a lavish spread. But in the Chinese mind, a dinner prepared as above for the guests is the minimum requirement. Ten courses of dishes, not necessarily prepared in huge quantities, would not be considered excessive, and few people would blink at sixteen. A standard banquet will consist of four to eight prepared cold dishes, eight hot dishes served one at a time, two whole-size showpiece dishes(such as a whole fish, a whole suckling pig or a whole chicken), in addition to soups, steamed rice and pastries. The dinner finishes with fruit. Overseas visitors should remember that it is often unnecessary to eat more than a single mouthful of dish at a Chinese banquet. In this way, a Chinese banquet takes on the character of a buffet reception in the West.

5. 中国宴席桌上的酒通常为啤酒、黄酒和烈性白酒3种。人们往往以干杯的方式互相敬酒。干杯的意思是一口喝干杯中的酒。干了杯中的酒，可以表示心诚和欢乐。当然，外国宾客与中国东道主敬酒时，小啜一口也未尝不可。

Often beer, yellow rice wine and strong white liquor are served at a Chinese banquet. People at a table will usually “Gan Bei” means to raise up one’s wine glass or liquor cup and drink it all the way down so that the glass or cup is “dried up to the last drop”. People dry up their glasses to communicate the message to others that they are sincere and joyful. It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take sip instead of emptying the glass when toasting with his or her Chinese host.

6．但是，中国的普通家餐却完全不同于宴席。一个成年人平时在家就餐时，通常只吃两小碗米饭，或一大碗面条，或几个馒头，外加几个荤素炒菜，而非以菜为主，以米饭或面食为辅。对大多数中国人来说，从一餐饭种所摄取的热量又75%来自谷粮。

However, an average Chinese meal at home is quite different in composition from a Chinese banquet. At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowl of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, but not the other way around. For