高一期中考试练习卷1

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高一年级第一学期期中考试数学试卷及其参考答案

高一年级第一学期期中考试数学试卷及其参考答案

高一年级第一学期期中考试数学试卷(基础模块第一章、第二章)一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.下列表示正确的是().A.{ 0 }=∅B.{全体实数}=RC.{ a }∈{a,b,c } D.{ x∈R∣x2+1=0 }=∅2.已知全集U={ 0,1,2,3,4,5},集合A={1,2,5},B={2,3,4},则(U C A)B=().A.{2}B.{0,2,3,4}C.{3,4}D.{1,2,3,4,5}3.已知A={ (x,y) | 2x-y=0 },B={ (x,y) | 3x+2y=7 },则A B=().A.{(2,1)}B.{1,2}C.{(1,2)}D.{x=1,y=2}4.设A={ x | 0< x < 1 },B={ x | x < a } ,若A⊆B,则a的取值范围是().A.[1,+∞) B.(-∞,0]C.[0,+∞)D.(-∞,1]5.已知集合A={ x | x2+14= 0 },若A∩R =∅,则实数m的取值范围是().A.m<1B.m≥1C.0<m<1D.0≤m<16.“A⊆B”是“A B=A”的().A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件7.不等式21-+xx≤0的解集为().A.{ x | x≥2}B.{ x | x≥2或x<-1 }C.{ x|-1<x≤2 }D.{x| x≥2或x≤-1 }8.已知a<b<0,c>0,那么().A.a2<b2B.a b<1C.ca<cb D.ca>cb9.绝对值不等式| 2x-3 |<5的解集是().A.{ x | x<-1或x>4 }B.{ x |-1<x<4 }C.{ x | x<-1 }D.{ x | x>4 }10.与不等式-x2-2x+3>0同解的不等式(组)是().A. x2+2x-3>0B. (x+3)(x-1)<0C.x+3>0x-1D.x+3<0x-1>0⎧⎨⎩a 、b 、c 的大小顺序是( ). A.a>b>c B.c>b>a C.b>a>c D.a>c>b12.若实数0<a <1,则)0>1(a-x)(x-a的解集为( ). A.{ x |1<x<a a } B.{ x | 1<<a x a} C.{ x | 1< >x a 或x a } D.{ x | 1<a >x 或x a}二、填空题(每小题4分,共16分)13.设全集U={ 1,2,3,4,5 },A={ 2,5 },则U C A 的所有子集的个数为 _________. 14.符合条件{a}⊆M {a,c,d}的集合M的个数是 _________.15.设a,b为实数,则“a2=b2”是“a=b”的 _________条件.(填充分或必要)16.不等式2+2m x x+n>0的解集是(11,32-),则不等式2-nx +2x-m >0的解集是 _________.三、解答题(共74分,解答应写出文字说明及演算步骤) 17.已知U={ x |-2<x<7 ,x ∈N },A={ 1,2,4 },B={ 2,3,5}.求: ⑴ A U B ;⑵ A B ;⑶ B C C U U A;⑷ B C C U U A .(12分)18.若集合A={ x | mx 2+2x -1 = 0 , m ∈R , x ∈R }中有且仅有一个元素,那么m 的值是多少?(12分)19.设集合A={ x | x 2-3x +2 = 0 },B = { x | x 2+2(a +1)x +(a 2-5) = 0 },若A B = { 2 },求实数a的值.(12分) 20.解不等式x+23-x≤1.(12分) 21.设全集为R ,A={ x | |x-1|<3 },B={ x | x 2-x -2≥0 },求A B ,A U B ,A CB .(12分)22.已知集合A={ x | x 2-x -12 ≤0 },集合B={ x | m -1≤x ≤2m +3 },若A U B=A ,求实数m 的取值范围.(14分)高一年级第一学期期中考试数学试卷参考答案二、填空题(每小题4分,共16分)13、 8 14、 3 15、 必要 16、 (-2,3)三、解答题:(22题14分,17~21题每题12分,共计74分)17.解:U={ 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 }. ⑴A U B={1,2,3,4,5}.⑵A B={2}.⑶B C C U U A ={ 0,3,5,6 }U { 0,1,4,6 }={ 0,1,3,4,5,6, }. ⑷ B C C U U A={ 0,3,5,6 } { 0,1,4,6 }={ 0,6 }.18. 解:当m=0时, A=12⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,符合题意.当m ≠0时,要使集合A 中有且仅有一个元素,必须 方程mx 2+2x -1 = 0有两个相等实数根, ∴ 2∆=2+4m =0, 即m=-1,综上所述,m=0或m=-1. 19. 解:A={ 1,2 }∵ A B={ 2 }, ∴ 2 B, ∴ 2是方程x 2+2(a +1)x +(a 2-5) = 0的根,把x=2代入此方程得2a +4a+3=0, ∴ a=-1或a=-3, 当a=-1时,B={ -2,2 }, A B={ 2 },符合题意. 当a=-3时,B={ 2 }, A B={ 2 },符合题意. 综上所述,a 的值为-1或3. 20. 解:原不等式⇔x+2-13-x ≤0⇔x+2-(3-x)3-x ≤0⇔2x-13-x≤0 ⇔2x-1x-3≥00≠⎧⇔⎨⎩x-3(2x-1)(x-3)≥012⇔x ≤或x>3, ∴ 解集为12{x |x ≤或x>3}. 21. 解:解|x-1|<3得-2<x<4, 故A=(-2,4).解x 2-x -2≥0得x ≤-1或x ≥2, 故B=(-∞,-1]∪[2,+∞).∴ A B=(-2,-1]∪[2,4),A U B=R,A C B=(-2,4) (-1,2)=(-1,2).22.解: 解x2-x-12 ≤0得-3≤x≤4, 故A=[-3,4],由A U B=A,知B A,∴⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩m-1≤2m+3,m-1≥-3,2m+3≤4,即12⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩m≥-4,m≥-2,m≤,∴ -2≤m≤12.。

辽宁省实验中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷

辽宁省实验中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷

辽宁省实验中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷一、单选题1.已知集合{}34A x x =-<<,{}35B x x =<<,则}{|45x x ≤<=()A .()R A B ðB .()R A B ⋂ðC .()R A B ðD .()R A Bð2.下列函数中,不能用二分法求零点的是()A .()2f x x =B .()22f x x =++C .()14=+-f x x xD .()23xf x =-3.“18a =”是“方程220ax x ++=有实数解”的()A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件4.设函数()f x 在R 上为增函数,则下列结论正确的是()A .()y xf x =在R 上为增函数B .()f x y x=在R 上为减函数C .()1y f x =-在R 上为增函数D .()y f x =-在R 上为减函数5.设0.12a =,0.60.7b =,0.70.7c =,则()A .a b c>>B .a c b>>C .c a b>>D .b c a>>6.已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数,且在[)0,+∞上单调递增.若关于x 的不等式()3f x x ≤的解集为][(),22,∞∞--⋃+,则不等式()232f x x >的解集为()A .()(),22,∞∞--⋃+B .()2,2-C .()(),44,∞∞--⋃+D .()4,4-7.高斯是德国著名的数学家,近代数学奠基者之一,用其名字命名的“高斯函数”为:设R x ∈,用[]x 表示不超过x 的最大整数,则[]y x =称为高斯函数.例如:[]0.61-=-,[]1.61=,已知函数()2e 11ex xf x =-++,则函数()()y f x f x ⎡⎤=+-⎣⎦的值域是()A .{}1,0-B .(]1,0-C .111,,022⎛⎫⎛⎤--- ⎪ ⎥⎝⎭⎝⎦ D .111,,022⎛⎫⎛⎫--⋃- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭8.已知函数()32f x x ax bx c =+++的三个零点分别为1,1x ,()2120x x x <<,若函数满足()()2112f x f x +=--,则()3f 的取值范围为()A .[]2,4B .()4,6C .()6,8D .[]4,8二、多选题9.下列说法正确的有()A .当0a >,且1a ≠时,函数()xf x a =的图像必过定点()0,1;B .若函数()f x 为奇函数,则()00f =;C .函数()11f x x =-在()(),11,-∞+∞ 上是单调减函数;D .将()2y f x =的图像向右平移12个单位,可得()21y f x =-的图像10.已知0a >,0b >,且21a b +=,则下列说法正确的是()A .18ab ≥B .22142a b +≥C .129a b+≥D .()()2125a b ab++≥11.已知函数()121,012,02x x x f x x -⎧--≥⎪=⎨+<⎪⎩,若123x x x <<,且()()()123f x f x f x ==,则下列结论正确的是()A .123x x x ++的取值范围为(],4∞-B .()()1223f x f x x x +的取值范围为8,7⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭C .若方程()()211022f x b f x b ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎡⎤⎣⎦⎭有5个不同的实根,则1,12b ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭D .若方程()()f f x a =有5个不同的实根,则3,14a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭三、填空题12.命题“R x ∃∈,30x +<”的否定是.13.若函数()f x =在(),2-∞单调递减,则a 的取值范围是.14.已知函数()f x 是定义域为R ,图象恒过()0,2点,对于R 上任意12x x <,都有()()12121f x f x x x ->--,则关于x 的不等式()2112f x x +<-的解集为.四、解答题15.(1)计算:203133310.02752-⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫--+-⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦;(2)计算:()()31log 54839log 3log 3log 2log 29-++++-;16.已知函数()1x af x x b x +=+++为奇函数.(1)求a ,b 的值;(2)指出并证明()f x 在[)0,+∞上的单调性;(3)求()f x 在区间[)2,3-上的值域.17.地下矿产资源勘探建模是一种重要的技术手段,用于帮助人们更好的了解底下矿产资源的分布和特征.地球物理勘探技术包括地震勘探、电磁勘探和重力勘探等,可以通过测量地下的物理参数来获取不同地理位置下矿产资源的信息.基于测量得到的物理参数,通过处理和分析,可以建立底下矿产资源的分布模型,进而指导开采活动.在某个矿藏区域,通过前期的勘探活动,测得了某物理指标随着地理位置变化的数据,如下表所示.其中x 表示采样点距离矿藏中心标记点的距离,y 表示物理指标的数值.x123456y5.74.02.82.01.41.0(1)根据矿藏分布可能的物理情况,数据分析人员估计物理指标y 随着x 变化的模型可能为两种,分别是①2y ax b =+,②2mx n y +=,请根据表格中的数据,在答题卡中绘制散点图,简要分析此矿藏区域应该用哪一个模型来估计物理指标y 随着x 变化的趋势.(2)根据(1)中的结论,选取表格中2x =,4x =的两组数据,建立数学模型描述物理指标y 随着x 变化的趋势.根据既往经验,当物理指标y 低于0.1时,则不具备开采条件,请问正整数x 的范围应该如何选取,方能保证范围内所有区域都具备开采条件.18.(1)已知x y z >>,且20x y z ++=≤(2)已知0m >,0n >,且3m n +>,请证明:3m n +与3n m +至少有一个大于13.19.解关于x 的不等式:(1)()22120ax a x a -+++>;(2)()2228816log x x a ax a ax a x-+-++≥。

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中练习物理试卷含答案

北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中练习物理试卷含答案

北京2023~2024学年第二学期期中练习高一物理(答案在最后)2024.4注意事项1.本试卷共4页,共四道大题,20小题,满分100分。

考试时间90分钟。

2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。

3.试卷答案填写在答题纸的相应位置上,在试卷上作答无效。

4.在答题纸上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

一、单项选择题(本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题意的。

)1.物体做曲线运动时,一定发生变化的是()A.速度方向B.速度大小C.加速度方向D.加速度大小【答案】A【解析】【详解】物体做曲线运动时,速度方向一定变化,但是速度大小不一定变化,例如匀速圆周运动;加速度方向和大小都不一定变化,例如平抛运动。

故选A。

2.如图所示的曲线为运动员抛出的铅球运动下落轨迹(铅球视为质点),A、B、C为曲线上的三点,关于铅球在B点的速度方向,下列说法正确的是()A.沿AB的方向B.沿BD的方向C.沿BC的方向D.沿BE的方向【答案】B【解析】【详解】曲线运动的速度方向沿轨迹上该点的切线方向.铅球做平抛运动轨迹由A到C,B点的速度方向沿切线方向,即BD方向,故B正确,ACD错误。

故选B。

3.用如图所示装置研究物体做曲线运动的条件。

小铁球以图甲所示的初速度v 0在水平桌面上运动,忽略阻力,要使小铁球沿图乙中曲线所示轨迹运动,磁铁应该放在()A.位置AB.位置BC.位置CD.位置D【答案】C 【解析】【详解】磁铁对钢球的作用力为引力,轨迹往引力的方向偏转,所以磁铁可能放在C 位置。

故选C 。

4.两个质点之间万有引力的大小为F ,如果将这两个质点之间的距离变为原来的2倍,那么它们之间万有引力的大小变为()A.4F B.4FC.2F D.2F【答案】A 【解析】【详解】万有引力2GMm F r =将这两个质点之间的距离变为原来的2倍,它们之间万有引力的大小变为2(2)4GMm FF r '==故选A 。

福建省厦门2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷(含答案)

福建省厦门2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷(含答案)

厦门2024-2025学年第一学期期中考高一数学试卷(答卷时间:120分钟 卷面总分:150分)一、单选题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求.1.设全集,集合,则( )A .B .C .D .2.若命题,则命题的否定为( )A .B .C .D .3.已知命题,若命题是命题的充分不必要条件,则命题可以为( )A .B .C .D .4.下列幕函数满足:“①;②当时,为单调通增”的是( )A . B .C .D .5.已知函数(其中)的图象如图所示,则函数的图像是( )A .B .C .D .6.已知且,则的最小值是( )A .B . 25C .5D .{}0,1,2,3,4,5,6U ={}{}1,2,3,3,4,5,6A B ==U ()A B = ð{}1,2{}2,3{}1,2,3{}0,1,2,32:0,320p x x x ∃>-+>p 20,320x x x ∃>-+≤20,320x x x ∃≤-+≤20,320x x x ∀≤-+>20,320x x x ∀>-+≤:32p x -<≤q p q 31x -≤≤1x <31x -<<3x <-,()()x R f x f x ∀∈-=-(0,)x ∈+∞()f x ()f x =3()f x x=1()f x x-=2()f x x=()()()f x x a x b =--a b >()2xg x a b =+-0,0x y >>3210x y +=32x y+52657.已知偶函数与奇函数的定义域都是,它们在上的图象如图所示,则使关于的不等式成立的的取值范围为( )A .B .C .D .8.已知,则与之间的大小关系是( )A .B .C .D .无法比较二、多选题:本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多个选项符合题目要求,全部选对得5分,部分选对得部分分.9.下列函数中,与不是同一函数的是( )A .B .C .D .10.若,则下列不等式成立的是( )A .B.C .D .11.设,用符号表示不大于的最大整数,如.若函数,则下列说法正确的是( )A .B .函数的值域是C .若,则D .方程有2个不同的实数根三、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.将答案填写在答题卷相应位置上.12.计算________.13.“不等式对一切实数都成立”,则的取值范围为________.()f x ()g x (2,2)-[0,2]x ()()0f x g x ⋅>x (2,1)(0,1)-- (1,0)(0,1)- (1,0)(1,2)- (2,1)(1,2)-- 45342024120241,2024120241a b ++==++a b a b>a b <a b =y x =2y =u =y =2n m n=,0a b c a b c >>++=22a b <ac bc <11a b<32a a a b b+>+x R ∈[]x x [1.6]1,[ 1.6]2=-=-()[]f x x x =-[(1.5)]1f =-()f x [1,0]-()()f a f b =1a b -≥2()30f x x -+=21232927()((1.5)48---+=23208x kx -+-<x k14.某学校高一年级一班48名同学全部参加语文和英语书面表达写作比赛,根据作品质量评定为优秀和合格两个等级,结果如表所示:若在两项比赛中都评定为合格的学生最多为10人,则在两项比赛中都评定为优秀的同学最多为________人.优秀合格合计语文202848英语301848四、解答题:本大题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)已知集合,集合.(1)当时,求,.(2)若,求的取值范围.16.(15分)已知函数.(1)判断函数的奇偶性并用定义加以证明;(2)判断函数在上的单调性并用定义加以证明.17.(15分)已知函数.(1)若函数图像关于对称,求不等式的解集;(2)若当时函数的最小值为2,求当时,函数的最大值.18.(17分)某游戏厂商对新出品的一款游戏设定了“防沉迷系统”规则如下①3小时内(含3小时)为健康时间,玩家在这段时间内获得的累积经验值(单位:EXP )与游玩时间(单位:小时)滴足关系式:;②3到5小时(含5小时)为疲劳时间,玩家在这段时间内获得的经验值为0(即累积经验值不变);③超过5小时为不健康时间,累积经验值开始损失,损失的经验值与不健康时国成正比例关系,正比例系数为50.(1)当时,写出累积经验值与游玩时间的函数关系式,求出游玩6小时的累积经验值;(2)该游戏厂商把累积经验值与游现时间的比值称为“玩家愉悦指数”,记为,若,且该游戏厂商希望在健康时间内,这款游戏的“玩家愉悦指数”不低于24,求实数的取值范围.19.(17分)《见微知著》谈到:从一个简单的经典问题出发,从特殊到一般,由简单到复杂,从部分到整体,由低维到高维,知识与方法上的类比是探索发展的重要途径,是发现新问题、新结论的重要方法.例如,已知,求证:.{}34A x x =-<≤{}121B x k x k =+≤≤-2k ≠A B ()R A B ðA B B = k 2()f x x x=-()f x ()f x (0,)+∞2()23,f x x bx b R =-+∈()f x 2x =()0f x >[1,2]x ∈-()f x [1,2]e ∈-()f x E t 22016E t t a =++1a =E t ()E f t =E t ()H t 0a >a 1ab =11111a b+=++证明:原式.波利亚在《怎样解题》中也指出:“当你找到第一个蘑菇或作出第一个发现后,再四处看看,他们总是成群生长.”类似上述问题,我们有更多的式子满足以上特征.请根据上述材料解答下列问题:(1)已知,求的值;(2)若,解方程;(3)若正数满足,求的最小值.111111ab b ab a b b b=+=+=++++1ab =221111a b+++1abc =5551111ax bx cxab a bc b ca c ++=++++++,a b 1ab =11112M a b=+++高一数学期中考参考答案1234567891011A DCB DAABABDBDACD12.13.14.1215.解:(1)由题设,则,,则,(2)由,若时,,满足;若时,;综上,.16.解:(1)是奇函数,证明如下:由已知得的定义域是,则,都有,且,所以是定义域在上的奇函数.(2)在上单调递减,证明如下:,且,都有∵,∴,∵,∴∴,即,所以在上单调递减32({}3B ={}34A B x x =-<≤ {}()34R A x x x =≤->或ð()R A B = ð∅A B A B A =⇒⊆ B =∅1212k k k +>-⇒<B ≠∅12151322214k k k k k +≤-⎧⎪+>-⇒≤≤⎨⎪-≤⎩52k ≤()f x ()f x (,0)(0,)-∞+∞ (,0)(0,)x ∀∈-∞+∞ (,0)(0,)x -∈-∞+∞ 22()()()f x x x f x x x-=--=-=--()f x (,0)(0,)-∞+∞ ()f x (0,)+∞12,(0,)x x ∀∈+∞12x x <22212121121212122222()()x x x x x x f x f x x x x x x x --+-=--+=222112************222()()x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x --+⨯---==211212()(2)x x x x x x -⨯+=12x x <210x x ->12,(0,)x x ∈+∞120x x >12()()0f x f x ->12()()f x f x >()f x (0,)+∞17.解:(1)因为图像关于对称,所以:,所以:得:,即,解得或所以,原不等式的解集为:(2)因为是二次函数,图像抛物线开口向上,对称轴为,①若,则在上是增函数所以:,解得:;所以:,②若,则在上是减函数,所以:,解得:(舍);③若,则在上是减函数,在上是增函数;所以,解得:或(舍),所以:综上,当时,的最大值为11;当时,最大值为6.18.解:(1)当时,,,当时,,当时,当时,所以,当时,.(2)当时,,整理得:恒成立,令函数的对称轴是,当时,取得最小值,即,()f x 2x =2b =22()43()43,1f x xx f x x x e e -+=-+=<2430x x ee -+<2430x x -+<1x <3x >{}13x x x <>或2()23f x x bx =-+x b =1b ≤-()f x [1,2]-min ()(1)422f x f b =-=+=1b =-max ()()7411f x f x b ==-=2b ≥()f x [1,2]-min ()(2)742f x f b ==-=54b =12b -<<()f x [1,]b -(,2]b 2min ()()32f x f b b ==-=1b =1b =-max ()(1)426f x f b =-=+=1b =-()f x 1b =()f x 03t <≤1a =22016E t t =++3t =85E =35t <≤85E =5t >8550(5)33550E t t=--=-22016,03()85,3533550,5t t t E t t t t ⎧++<≤⎪=<≤⎨⎪->⎩6t =()35E t =03t <≤22016()24t t aH t t++=≥24160t t a -+≥2()416f t t t a =-+2(0,3]t =∈2t =()f t 164a -1640a -≥14a ≥19.解:(1).(2)∵,∴原方程可化为:,即:,∴,即,解得:.(3)∵,当且仅当,即∴有最小值,此时有最大值,从而有最小值,即有最小值.222211111ab ab b aa b ab a ab b ab a b+=+=+=++++++1abc =55511(1)ax bx bcxab a abc bc b b ca c ++=++++++5551111x bx bcx b bc bc b bc b ++=++++++5(1)11b bc x b bc ++=++51x =15x =2221122111111211223123123ab b b b b M ab a b b b b b b b b b++=+=+==-=-++++++++++12b b +≥=12b b =1b a b===12b b +1123b b ++3-11123b b-++2-11112M a b=+++2。

高一必修一语文期中考试卷及答

高一必修一语文期中考试卷及答

一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音、字义完全正确的一项是()A. 翻箱倒柜(fān)毕恭毕敬(bì)B. 惊弓之鸟(jīng)碧空如洗(bì)C. 水落石出(lào)雕梁画栋(diāo)D. 鸡犬升天(shēng)贾而不售(gǔ)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A. 在这次活动中,我们深刻地体会到了集体的力量。

B. 为了完成这项任务,我们每天都要加班到很晚。

C. 这本书的内容非常丰富,对提高我们的写作水平有很大的帮助。

D. 由于天气原因,火车晚点了两个小时。

3. 下列句子中,使用了比喻修辞手法的一项是()A. 月亮像一个大玉盘,高高地挂在天空中。

B. 这本书就像一把钥匙,为我打开了知识的大门。

C. 小明跑得像兔子一样快。

D. 她的笑容像阳光一样温暖。

4. 下列词语中,与“骄阳似火”意思相近的一项是()A. 阳光明媚B. 骄阳如火C. 阳光灿烂D. 阳光和煦5. 下列句子中,使用了排比修辞手法的一项是()A. 他热爱祖国,热爱人民,热爱社会主义。

B. 这本书的内容非常丰富,对提高我们的写作水平有很大的帮助。

C. 我看到了大海,看到了天空,看到了远方。

D. 这篇文章的文笔优美,语言生动。

6. 下列句子中,使用了拟人修辞手法的一项是()A. 雪花飘飘洒洒,仿佛在向大地诉说着什么。

B. 这本书就像一把钥匙,为我打开了知识的大门。

C. 小明跑得像兔子一样快。

D. 她的笑容像阳光一样温暖。

7. 下列词语中,属于成语的一项是()A. 青天白日B. 呼风唤雨C. 美轮美奂D. 风和日丽8. 下列句子中,语序不当的一项是()A. 他虽然学习很好,但是性格比较内向。

B. 我们必须努力学习,才能实现我们的梦想。

C. 她在这次比赛中获得了第一名。

D. 这个城市的环境非常优美。

9. 下列句子中,使用了夸张修辞手法的一项是()A. 这个湖的水很清,能看清湖底的沙石。

精品解析:北京市第八中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题(原卷版)

精品解析:北京市第八中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题(原卷版)

2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习题高一英语(考试时间120分钟,满分140分)Ⅰ卷Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (1.5’×5)Directions: In Section A, you will hear five short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Wha t do you know about the man’s car?A. It doesn’t work at all.B. It can be used as usual.C. It’s completely damaged.2. What colour was the woman’s bedroom before?A. Blue.B. Pink.C. Green.3. What does the man think of his dog?A. Ugly.B. Strong.C. Good- looking.4. Where are the speakers?A. In a hotel.B. In a hospital.C. In a restaurant.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A lab.B. A professor.C. An experiment.Section B (1.5’×10)Directions: In Section B, you will hear four conversations, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have read.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following conversation.6. Why does the woman call the man?A. To arrange a meeting with him.B. To ask him about the contract.C. To talk with him about next year’s prices.7. What is Kevin doing now?A. Having a meeting.B. Answering a call.C. Taking a message.Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following conversation.8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Mother and son.B. Nurse and patient.C. Fund organizer and receiver.9. What do we know about the man?A. He wants to donate $10,000.B. He has just recovered from an illness.C. He has received a lot of donations.Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following conversation.10. What is the speaker talking about?A. Missing a plane.B. Booking a plane ticket.C. Visiting Paris.11. What did the speaker do in the end?A. He demanded his money back.B. He booked another flightC. He took another flight.12. What did the speaker think of the man at the check- in desk?A. Helpful.B. Friendly.C. Trustless.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following conversation.13. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Housemates.B. Renter and landlady.C. Boyfriend and girlfriend.14. Why has Mrs. White come?A. She has come for the rent.B. The man has broken something.C. There’s something wrong with the room.15. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Cut down expenses.B. Give Mrs. White a call.C. Ask his parents for help.Section C (1.5’×5)Directions: In Section C, you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in each blank with only ONE WORD, according to what you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet (答题纸).Blanks 16 to 20 are based on the following conversation.18 $_____Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As sixth graders, kids were separating into groups, but I wasn't sure where l belonged.Our teacher gave us a task called “secret friends” for the coming week. We were supposed to do ni ce things___1___ our friends without letting them know who was doing it. We could leave ___2___ notes or cards either on do their desks or in their backpacks. Before doing the task, with our eyes closed, form a basket, we ___3___ a name of a classmate who we were to secretly befriend over the next five days.Soon, the task was turned into a competition of giving ___4___ instead of notes. Everyone was getting cool presents except me. My friend followed the teacher's ___5___ without a fault. I received nothing but handmade cards with nice words about me.On the last morning, I finally got a package. When I ___6___ it, the girls around all ___7___. It was perfumed powder(香粉), an “old lady” gift. My face went red. I tied to forget about the ___8___ gift, but when the same girls ___9___ it again during the break in the bathroom, I joined in, “How stupid! My grandmother wouldn't ___10___ want it.” The girls laughed at my ___11___ and filed out of the bathroom. Washing my hands, I let the water run through my fingers ___12___ I thought about my words. It wasn't ___13___ like me to say things likethat.“I'm your secret friend.” It was Rochelle. “I'm sorry about the gift,” she whispered to me, tears ___14___ down her face. From a poor family, she was a ___15___ at school for those with rich parents. Yet she just took all the ___16___ and the horrible treatment silently. I was sick to my stomach as my ___17___ words ran through my mind. She had heard everything. How could I have been so cruel? Later I learned she had felt bad all week about not being able to leave me any cool present and her mum had given up her only luxury(奢侈品).And I had ___18___ everything for her. I told her that I had only said those things to try to ___19___. “We aren't that different from each other, are we?” She smiled ___20___. Her simple words, spoken from her heart, found their way straight into mine.1. A. for B. behind C. through D. like2. A. convincing B. reminding C. rewarding D. encouraging3. A. drew B. dragged C. found D. picked4. A. chances B. help C. hope D. gifts5. A. guidance B. patterns C. directions D. admission6. A. discovered B. opened C. grasped D. held7. A. blamed B. shouted C. laughed D. commented8. A. special B. delicate C. worrying D. embarrassing9. A. mentioned B. saw C. showed D. suggested10. A. just. B. ever C. even D. only11. A. remarks B. feeling C. suffering D. reactions12. A. if B. as C. since D. because13. A. exactly B. perfectly C. normally D. necessarily14. A. dashing B. getting C. smoothing D. streaming15. A. goal B. target C. centre D. wonder16. A. challenge B. puzzle C. teasing D. ignoring17. A. powerful B. hurtful C. tense D. scary18. A. ruined B. broken C. changed D. disturbed19. A. turn off B. show of C. get in D. fit in20. A. optimistically B. understandingly C. persuasively D. honestlyPart III. Reading Comprehension (2’×20)Section ADirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AVarious Apps to LearnApps are typical digital learning tools, which can give you diverse and personalized content to meet your needs. Want to find an app that can help you learn? Here are some great ideas for you.Khan Academy allows you to learn almost anything for free. It covers subjects such as math, physics, biology, and even computer science. The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. You can review subjects that you are not good at, or start learning a subject you like. The app is in English. If you want to see its translation you can visit http://opencom/khan.BrainPOP mixes learning and technology in a fun and simple way. It’s free and teaches you something new every day. From the solar system to DNA, each topic starts with an interesting cartoon movie. After you’ve w atched it, you can take a test to see how much you’ve learned.Udemy is a “learn on demand” website and app. It is for career- oriented individuals to start their course pricing at $10.99. This app allows you the flexibility to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring (重复的) payments before you finish. This flexible learning app allows you to take things slow, fast, or anywhere in-between with complete control on your end.Duolingo is the premier leader in language education for learning apps. You can learn to speak 29 different languages, all at the touch of a button. You’ll be invited to not only read new words, but to speak them. You’ll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!21. According to the passage, what apps allow you to learn at your speed?A. Khan Academy and Udemy.B. Udemy and DuolingoC. Khan Academy and BrainPOP.D. BrainPOP and Duolingo22. What can Duolingo offer its users?A. Subjects reviewing.B. Speaking practiceC. Technical support.D. Career training23. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To compare the difference of different learning methods.B. To introduce the development of learning technology,C. To help find the suitable learning apps.D. To provide various learning activities.BTony Hawk, who I thought was bigger than life, came in the room and then the interview began. As the world’s greatest skateboarder, he talked about how his life was not always so miraculous (奇迹般的).He mentioned one day he was skating on top of the world, and the next day the sport of skateboarding fell right on its face. Life for Tony has had its ups and downs, and what brought him back up was the way he believed in himself. One of the most tragic events in Tony’s life was that his father passed away. Although he suffered such pain, he never lost sight of his dream. He put his energy into his dream, which helped him overcome his sadness. One part of Tony that completely impressed me is the way he accepts himself. His goal is never to do better than others, but to do his best. If he does the best he can, it doesn’t matter how anyone else takes him. That’s tr ue and wise. As for me, I play baseball and things aren’t going so well, but I am trying my hardest, that’s life. It is how you approach those bad days that will keep you on top. Confidence brought Tony to the next level. During our meeting he continually talked about the importance of following one’s dream. He also said, along with that, one needs to have a strong faith in one’s own ability to achieve that dream, no matter what challenges are presented. By the end, I didn’t see th e same guy who had walked through the door an hour earlier. Now I view him as more than a world-class skateboarder. He is also a normal person who has dealt with many of the same problems we all face, but the difference is, he is always able to rise above his problems by having faith in his dream.24. The underlined part “fell right on its face” in Para 2 means “_______”.A. finishedB. failedC. continuedD. happened25. The example of the author’s playing baseball is used to show he _______.A. accepts To ny Hawk’s suggestionB. doesn’t want to play baseball anymoreC. has the same view of life as Tony HawkD. wants to be as successful as Tony Hawk26. In the eyes of the author, what makes Tony Hawk special? His _______.A. achievementB. unusual experienceC. confidence in winning the gameD. determination to realize his dreamCPeople eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch, neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and42 percent more while viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster, "Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted? If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste. which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核)in the hypothalamus( 下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感)center is located. tells the body whether it is hungry or full. It is inhibited or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns, he said.People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day, "said Hirsch," By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus."Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell. Researchers say these sensory clues, in addition to inner body changes. mark satiety.But when distracted. a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full, or to the sensory characteristics of the food.Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity, Hirsch said. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing."If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.27. When Hirsch conducted the research, he______A. evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste.B. measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate.C. analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs.D. counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs.28. According to the research, when will you feel full faster?.A. When we are distracted.B. When we focus on how the food tastes.C. When we are watching entertaining programs.D. When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating.29. Why does the author mention "People who cooks paghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day"?A. It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited.B. It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.C. It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don' like eating spaghetti.D. It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.30. What is the main purpose of the article?A. To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity.B. To reveal the relationship between TV programs and eating behaviors.C. to explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.D. To find how sensory characteristics of the food affects people's feelings of eating.DIn the picture Landscape with Diogenes by the 17th century French artist Poussin, the ancient philosopher Diogenes is described casting away his last possession, a drinking bowl. He realizes he doesn’t need it after seeing a youth cupping a hand to drink from a river. The significance for us is that Diogenes’ spiritual descendants (后代)known as “new minimalists” are now everywhere, if not as completely possession-free as he was.There are hundreds of websites praising the virtues of tidy living. Everyone is trying to cut down on things these days. People are trying to reduce their carbon footprints, their waistlines, and their monthly outgoings. What’s more, there’s a general fear that people are becoming choked by their possessions, and this is fueled by the knowledge that the leading hobby these days seems to be shopping. It’s true, sal es of e-readers and e-books go beyond those of paperbacks. As a result, the need for bookshelves is cut out.However, today’s new minimalists don’t urge us to burn our books and destroy our CDs, but just make sure we have them as digital files. So, for example, I have digitised versions of some of my old vinyl LP (黑胶) records and haven’t, as yet, stimulated myself to take the LPs to the nearest charity shop – and I admit I shall probably go on keeping them. Technology has gone beyond our dreams and there is always the doubt that our hard drives will crash and all will be lost. Far more important, however, is the fact that our memories are so inseparably tied to our possessions that we can’t get rid of stuff. We are not exactly suffering withdrawal symptoms (症状) as we try to break our addiction to objects. We are just acquiring new stuff, which means we can bin or recycle our old stuff.I’m happy to have found another website which seems to solve a whole lot of problems at once – a thriving online advice service offering storage solutions. The interior (室内的) designer responsible for this does not suggest getting rid of stuff, but rather recommends buying more stuff such as elegant flexible baskets or colourful lidded containers to hide the first lot of stuff from view. I love this philosophy –convince yourself you’ve got your desire for possessions under control, without having to lose a thing. After all, we aren’t merciless enough to follow Diogenes and cast away all our possessions.31. Why does the author mention a picture by the artist Poussin?A. It illustrates a modern trend.B. It describes a wise philosopher.C. Its meaning is only now becoming clear.D. Its message is not as simple as it appears.32. The author believes minimalism may not succeed mainly because of people’s ______.A. resistance to media pressureB. laziness in the face of changeC. lack of faith in digital hardwareD. strong bond with physical objects33. According to the author, people invest in smart new storage in order to_____.A. satisfy their desire to make purchasesB. make attractive additions to their homesC provide a temporary solution to a problemD. ease their conscience over having too many things.34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Less is MoreB. Low Carbon Is an AttitudeC. Treasure What You HaveD. Psychology of Overconsumption.Section B: Choose the best choice that can be filled in each blank from the seven choices after the passage. One of the choices is redundant (多余的).The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not cryin g, they make a film over the eye’s surface.___35___When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions, afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.”___36___ After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling—shock, anger, fear, or sadness—is being held back.But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry. ___37___Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of reducing tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense.___38___ And they’ll do just about anything tomake you stop.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion.___39___You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.A. They too may be holding back a need to cry.B. They cry for different reasons.C. She gives crying exercises.D It contains a chemical against infection.E. The fact is that no emotion lasts forever.F. It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.G. But once you’re safely behind closed doors don’t just cry.Part IV. Grammar (1’×10)A语法填空Rose wanted a job. She went to many offices but she didn’t like any of them. One day she ____40____ (see) a board in an office reading, “This office ____41____ (need) a typist who can type 200 words a minute.” Rose was excited. She went into the manager’s office and asked, “Do you need a typist?” “Yes!” the manager said. Rose ____42____ (clap) her hands and couldn’t help saying eagerly, “OK! How much will you pay me?” The manager thought for a while and said, “I will pay you 77 dollars for the first three months and then 30 dollars every month.” Rose smiled, “Great! I____43____ (come) and work here three months later.” The manager was speechless.B语法填空One day while we ____44____ (drive) to Los Angeles, we found we were running low on gas, which made us worried. Luckily, a friendly man ____45____ (stop) to help us. At first he thought we don’t have much money, so he offered to buy us gas at the next town which was about 10 miles away. When we explained our difficult situation, he said he ____46____ (go) back to get a can of gas for us because he was a farmer living nearby. We____47____(fill) with gratitude for his kindness.C语法填空Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station ____48____ (make) the universe’s first space-baked cookies. They are the very first kind of food to be baked in space from raw ingredients. The astronauts say eating freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting reminder of home. This ____49____ (be) important for astronauts to go to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.Part V Vocabulary (1’×20)Section ADirections: Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the words in the boxes. There is an extra word in each group.选词填空50. The first year in high school is going to be most ________.51. The island offers such a wide ________ of scenery and wildlife that it is a must- see destination for tourists.52. Simply to build as many houses as possible in the ________ that prices will fall significantly in the near future will not solve the problem.53. He ________ the sport when he realized he didn’t have the talent for it.54. Water is a basic ________ of life. We can’t live without it55. ________ for exams gives you a chance to bring together all the individual parts of the course.选词填空56. Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to ________ tension and stress.57. Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence ________.58 Some teenage art lovers will ________ the school Drama Club next week.59. To our ________, he turned down our invitation.60. She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the ________ of her muscles.61. Special attention should be paid to ________ our earth from being polluted.Section BDirections: Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the word according to the definition. Please spell the whole word on your answer sheet.62. Last season there were 35 events on the s________ and Tom feels that such a number is far too much.(a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times.)(根据首字母提示单词拼写) 63. We think it fast and c________ to get information on the Internet. (it is easy, or very useful or suitable for a particular purpose.) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)64. He was determined to become a c________, so he trained tirelessly every day to achieve his goal. (a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)65. Doing homework o________ much of our after-school time. (to fill or use a space, an area or an amount of time) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)66. Being i________ doesn’t mean doing everything alone. It’s also important to be able to work in a team. (confident and free to do things without needing help from other people) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)67. The Olympic oath encourages athletes, coaches, and officials to observe the rules and the spirit of s________. (fair, generous and polite behaviour, especially when playinga sport or game) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)68. In case I forget, please r________ (to help sb remember sth., especially sth. important that they must do) me about it. (根据首字母单词拼写)69. Everyone should make a c________ to protecting the environment. (something that you give or do in order to help something be successful) (根据首字母提示单词拼写)Ⅱ卷Part VI. Writing (20’)70. 根据中文提示和英文书信内容,写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于100词的回信。

河南省郑州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试数学试题

河南省郑州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试数学试题

郑州一中2022~2023学年上学期期中考试高一(数学)试题说明: 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题),满分150分。

2.考试时间:120分钟。

3.将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填(涂)在答题卡上。

第Ⅰ卷 (选择题,共60分)一、单项选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.已知集合,,则( )A .B . C .D .2.已知非空数集A ,B ,命题p :对于,都有,则p 的否定是( )A .对于,都有B .对于,都有C .,使得D .,使得3.函数f (x )=2x +13-x-(x +3)0的定义域是( )A .(-∞,-3)∪(3,+∞) B. (-∞,-3)∪(-3,3)C .(-∞,-3)D .(-∞,3)4.祖暅原理也称祖氏原理,一个涉及几何求积的著名命题.内容为:“幂势既同,则积不容异”.“幂”是截面积,“势”是几何体的高.意思是两个等高的几何体,如果在等高处的截面积相等,则体积相等.设A ,B 为两个等高的几何体,p :A ,B 的体积相等,q :A ,B 在同一高处的截面积相等.根据祖暅原理可知,p 是q 的( )A.充分必要条件 B .充分不必要条件C.必要不充分条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件5.关于的不等式的解集为,则关于的不等式 的解集为 ( )A .B .C .D .6.定义在上的偶函数满足:对任意的,有{}0,1,2,3,4,5A ={}15B x x =∈-<<N A B = {}2,3,4{}1,2,3,4{}0,1,2,3,4{}0,1,2,3,4,5x A ∀∈x B ∈x A ∀∈x B ∉x A ∀∉x B ∉0x A ∃∈0x B ∈0x A ∃∈0x B∉x 220ax bx ++>(1,2)-x 220bx ax -->(2,1)-(,2)(1,)-∞-+∞ (,1)(2,)-∞-+∞ (1,2)-R ()f x [)()12120,,x x x x ∈+∞≠,则,,的大小关系为( )A .B .C .D .7.函数的图象大致为( )A . B . C . D .8.中国宋代数学家秦九韶曾提出“三斜求积术”,即假设在平面内有一个边长分别为的三角形,其面积可由公式求得,其中,这个公式也被称为海伦-秦九韶公式,现有一个三角形的三边长满足,则此三角形面积的最大值为( )A .6B .610C .12D .1210二、多项选择题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中有多个选项是符合题目要求的,全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分).9.下列叙述正确的是( )A.若P ={(1,2)},则B.{x |x >1}⊆{y |y ≥1}C.M ={(x ,y )|x +y =1},N ={y |x +y =1},则M =ND.{2,4}有3个非空子集10.若 则( )A .B .C .D.11.若,则下列关系正确的是( )A .B .CD .12.已知,都是定义在上的函数,其中是奇函数,是()()21210f x f x x x -<-()2f -()2.7f()3f -()()()2.732f f f <-<-()()()2 2.73f f f -<<-()()()32 2.7f f f -<-<()()()3 2.72f f f -<<-()112x f x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭a b c ,,S S =1=)2p a b c ++(146a b c +==,P ∅∈0a b >>22ac bc >a c b c ->-22a b>11a b <4455x y x y ---<-x y <33y x -->>133y x-⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭()f x ()g x R ()f x ()g x偶函数,且,则下列说法正确的是( )A .为偶函数B .C .为定值D .第Ⅱ卷 ( 非选择题,共90分)三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.)13.已知集合A ={﹣1,0,1},B ={a 2,1},若B ⊆A,则实数a 的值是 .14.若,则的取值范围是 .15.已知函数(且)在区间上是减函数,则实数的取值范围是________.16.高斯是德国著名的数学家,用其名字命名的“高斯函数”为,其中表示不超过x 的最大整数.例如:,.已知函数,,若,则________;不等式的解集为________.四、解答题(本题共6小题,17题10分其它题均为12分,共70分.) 17.(本小题10分)(1)求值:;(2)已知,求值:.18.(本小题12分)设集合,集合.(1)若,求和(2)设命题,命题,若是成立的必要条件,求实数的取值范围.19.(本小题12分)在①,②这两个条件中任选一个,补()()2x f x g x +=()()f g x ()00g =()()22g x f x -()()2,02,0x x x f x g x x -⎧≥+=⎨<⎩33(1)(32)a a +<-a y =0a >1a ≠[1,2]a []y x =[]x [ 2.1]3-=-[3.1]3=()()|1|3[]f x x x =--[)0,2x ∈5()2f x =x =()f x x ≤()31211203320.2521624------⨯⨯+⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭11223(0)a a a -+=>22111a a a a --++++{|13}A x x =-<<{|22}B x a x a =-<<+2a =A B A B:p x A ∈:q x B ∈p q a []2,2x ∀∈-[]1,3x ∃∈充到下面问题的横线中,并求解该问题.已知函数.(1)当时,求函数在区间上的值域;(2)若______,,求实数a 的取值范围.20.(本小题12分)某公司生产某种电子仪器的固定成本为20000元,每生产一台仪器需要增加投入100元,设月产量为台,当不超过400台时总收入为元,当超过400台时总收入为80000元.(1)将利润(单位:元)表示为月产量的函数;(2)当月产量为何值时,公司所获利润最大?最大利润为多少元?(总收入=总成本+利润)21.(本小题12分)已知不等式的解集为.(1)求的值,(2)若,,,求的最大值.22.(本小题12分)已知函数,.(1)证明:函数在上单调递增;(2)若存在且,使得的定义域和值域都是,求的取值范围.0m n <<()24f x x ax =++2a =-()f x []22-,()0f x ≥x x 214002x x -x P x 5111133x +≤≤(()[],a b a b ,0m >0n >0bm n a ++=mn m n+()2211a f x a a x+=-0a >()f x ()0,+∞,m n ()f x [,]m n a。

江西省南昌市江西师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷

江西省南昌市江西师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷

江西省南昌市江西师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试数学试卷一、单选题1.已知集合{}{}220,1||A x x B x x =+>=>,则A B = ()A .{}|21x x -<<B .{}|1x x >C .{|21x x -<<-或}1x >D .{|1x x <-或}1x >2.已知集合{}{}1,1,2,41,2,4,16M N =-=,.给出下列四个对应法则:①1y x=;②1y x =+;③y x =;④2y x =.请由函数定义判断,其中能构成从M 到N 的函数的是()A .①③B .①②C .③④D .②④3.已知函数()f x 在[)0,+∞上单调递减,则对实数120,0x x >>,“12x x >”是“()()12f x f x <”的()A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件4.函数()233xx f x =-的大致图象是()A .B .C .D .5.若函数()y f x =为奇函数,则它的图象必经过点()A .()0,0B .()(),a f a --C .()(),a f a -D .()(),a f a ---6.已知函数11(0,1)x y a a a -=+>≠的图像恒过定点A ,且点A 在直线(,0)y mx n m n =+>上,则11m n+的最小值为()A .4B .1C .2D .327.设()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数、对任意()12,0,x x ∈+∞,且12x x ≠,都有()()2121f x f x x x ->-且(1)0f =、则不等式()0xf x >的解集为()A .(1,0)(1,)-+∞B .(,1)(0,1)-∞-C .(,0)(1,)-∞⋃+∞D .(,1)(1,)-∞-+∞ 8.已知函数()2,123,1x a a x f x ax ax a x ⎧+≥=⎨-+-+<⎩(0a >且1a ≠),若函数()f x 的值域为R ,则实数a 的取值范围是()A .20,3⎛⎤⎝⎦B .31,2⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦C .[)2,+∞D .[)3,+∞二、多选题9.下列说法正确的是()A .命题“0x ∀>,都有e 1x x >+的否定是“0x ∃>,使得e 1≤+x xB .若0a b >>,则11a ab b+>+C .()xf x x =与()1,01,0x g x x ≥⎧=⎨-<⎩表示同一函数D .函数()y f x =的定义域为[]2,3,则函数()21y f x =-的定义域为3,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦10.已知函数()e 1e 1x x f x -=+,则下列结论正确的是()A .函数()f x 的定义域为RB .函数()f x 的值域为()1,1-C .()()0f x f x +-=D .函数()f x 为减函数11.已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ,其图象关于()1,2中心对称.若()()424f x f x x --=-,则()A .()()4214f x f x -+-=B .()()244f f +=C .()12y f x =+-为奇函数D .()22y f x x =++为偶函数三、填空题12()1132081π3274⎛⎫⎛⎫--+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭13.已知幂函数()()215m f x m m x -=+-在0,+∞上单调递减,则m =.14.将()22xx af x =-的图象向右平移2个单位后得曲线1C ,将函数=的图象向下平移2个单位后得曲线2C ,1C 与2C 关于x 轴对称.若()()()f x F x g x a=+的最小值为m 且2m >+则实数a 的取值范围为四、解答题15.已知集合U 为实数集,{5A x x =≤-或}8x ≥,{}121B x a x a =-≤≤+.(1)若5a =,求()U A B ⋂ð;(2)设命题p :x A ∈;命题q :x B ∈,若命题p 是命题q 的必要不充分条件,求实数a 的取值范围.16.已知函数()()3211f x x ax b x =++-+是定义在R 上的奇函数.(1)求a ,b 的值;(2)解不等式()3279333x x x xf >+-⨯+.17.已知定义域为R 的奇函数()21212x x f x =-+(1)判断函数()f x 的单调性,并用定义加以证明;(2)若对任意的[]1,2x ∈,不等式()()²²40f x mx f x -++>成立,求实数m 的取值范围.18.已知0a >且1a ≠,函数()4,02,0x a x x h x x -⎧≥=⎨<⎩,满足()()11h a h a -=-,设()x p x a -=.(1)若()()()231p x f x p x +=+,[)0,x ∞∈+,求函数()f x 的最小值;(2)函数()()()231p x f x p x +=+,()21g x x b x =-+-,若对[]11,1x ∀∈-,都存在[)20,x ∈+∞,使得()()21f x g x =,求b 的取值范围.19.对于定义在区间[],a b 上的函数f (x ),若()(){}[]()|,f P x max f t a t x x a b =≤≤∈.(1)已知()()[]121,2,0,1xf xg x x x ⎛⎫==∈ ⎪⎝⎭试写出()f P x 、()g P x 的表达式;(2)设0a >且1a ≠,函数()()2131,12x xf x a a a x ⎡⎤=+-⨯-∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,,如果()f P x 与()f x 恰好为同一函数,求a 的取值范围;(3)若()(){}[]()min ,f Q x f t a t x x a b =≤≤∈存在最小正整数k ,使得()()()f f P x Q x k x a -≤-对任意的[],x a b ∈成立,则称函数()f x 为[],a b 上的"k 阶收缩函数",已知1b >,函数()4f x x x=+是[]1,b 上的“3阶收缩函数”,求b 的取值范围.。

2023-2024学年北京市第八中学高一上学期期中考试化学试卷含详解

2023-2024学年北京市第八中学高一上学期期中考试化学试卷含详解

2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习科目:化学考试时间90分钟满分100分相对原子质量:H1C12N14O16S32Cu64第Ⅰ卷选择题(共42分)一、选择题(每小题只有..1.个.选项符合题意,每小题3分,共42分)1.下列物质的应用中,与氧化还原反应无关的是A.用含Fe 2O 3的铁矿石冶炼FeB.用Na 2O 2作潜水艇的供氧剂C.用NaOH 作沉淀剂去除粗盐水中的Mg 2+D.以NH 3为原料制备HNO 32.目前人类已发现几千万种物质,对物质进行分类,有利于我们的学习。

下列关于物质的分类的叙述中,不正确...的是A.H 2O 属于氧化物B.H 2SO 4属于含氧酸C.CH 3COOH 属于强电解质D.CuSO 4溶液属于混合物3.下列物质中,属于电解质的是A.ZnB.NaOHC.稀3HNOD.24K SO 溶液4.下列各物质中含氮原子数最多的是A .标况下2.24LN 2 B.0.1molNH 4NO 3C.1.204×1023个CO(NH 2)2D.9.6g(NH 4)2CO 35.下列说法正确的是A.标准状况下,18g 水的体积为22.4LB.30g NO 含有的原子总数为6.02×1023C.常温常压下,22.4LO 2物质的量为1molD.100mL 1mol/L NaCl 溶液中含有0.1mol Cl-6.下列物质在水溶液中电离方程式正确的是A.NaHSO 4=Na ++4HSO -B.CH 3COOH=H ++CH 3COO -C.NaHCO 3=Na ++H ++23CO -D.NaCl=Na ++Cl -7.常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶液中能大量共存的是A.pH 1=的溶液中:3HCO -、K +、Cl -、Na +B.无色溶液中:4NH +、K +、4MnO -、3NO -C.含有24SO -的溶液中:3NO -、O H -、Na +、2Ba +D.()-2c OH =10mol -的溶液中:Na +、23CO -、Cl -、K +8.能正确表示下列化学反应的离子方程式的是A.氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸的反应:Ba 2++OH -+H ++24SO -=BaSO 4+H 2OB.Ca(OH)2溶液与少量的NaHCO 3溶液反应:3HCO -+Ca 2++OH −=CaCO 3↓+H 2OC.向饱和硫酸银溶液中滴加少量氯化钠溶液:Ag 2SO 4+2Cl -=2AgCl+24SO -D.向碳酸钙固体粉末中加入足量的醋酸:CaCO 3+2H +=Ca 2++CO 2+H 2O 9.NaCl 是我们生活中必不可少的物质。

唐山一中高一期中考试卷

唐山一中高一期中考试卷

唐山一中高一期中考试卷唐山一中高一期中考试试卷一、语文(共120分)(一)文言文阅读(共30分)1. 阅读下面文言文选段,完成下列各题。

(10分)(选段内容略)(1)请解释文中划线词语的含义。

(2分)(2)翻译文中划线句子。

(3分)(3)概括文中人物的主要特点。

(5分)2. 根据所给文言文选段,回答以下问题。

(20分)(1)文中作者表达了什么样的情感?请结合文本进行分析。

(5分)(2)文中的写作手法有哪些?请举例说明。

(5分)(3)文中有哪些值得我们学习的地方?请简要阐述。

(10分)(二)现代文阅读(共30分)1. 阅读下面现代文选段,回答下列问题。

(15分)(选段内容略)(1)文章的中心思想是什么?请简要概括。

(3分)(2)文章中运用了哪些修辞手法?请举例说明。

(5分)(3)文章的结尾有什么特点?请分析其作用。

(7分)2. 根据所给现代文选段,回答以下问题。

(15分)(1)文章中的主要人物是谁?他们之间是什么关系?(5分)(2)文章中有哪些描写人物心理的段落?请摘录并分析其作用。

(5分)(3)文章的主题是什么?请结合文本进行阐述。

(5分)(三)作文(共60分)1. 请以“我眼中的家乡”为题,写一篇不少于800字的记叙文。

(40分)2. 阅读下面材料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

(20分)(材料内容略)二、数学(共120分)(一)选择题(共40分)1. 以下选项中,哪一个是正确的?(每题2分,共20分)(选项内容略)2. 解决以下问题,选择正确答案。

(每题2分,共20分)(问题内容略)(二)填空题(共20分)1. 根据题目所给信息,填写下列空格。

(每题2分,共10分)(题目内容略)2. 计算下列表达式的结果,并填写在空格中。

(每题3分,共10分)(表达式内容略)(三)解答题(共60分)1. 解决以下问题,并给出详细的解答过程。

(每题10分,共30分)(问题内容略)2. 证明以下定理,并给出证明过程。

高一期中考试卷子金太阳

高一期中考试卷子金太阳

高一期中考试卷子金太阳金太阳高一期中考试试卷一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 以下哪个选项是描述质数的?A. 只能被1和自身整除的大于1的自然数B. 任何自然数C. 可以被多个自然数整除的数D. 12. 根据题目所给的函数f(x) = 2x - 3,求f(5)的值。

A. 4B. 7C. 9D. 113. 以下哪个选项是牛顿第二定律的表达式?A. F = maB. F = mvC. F = m/aD. F = m * v...(此处省略其余选择题)二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 圆的面积公式是 _______。

2. 根据题目所给的二次方程x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0,求其根。

解得 x1 = _______,x2 = _______。

3. 请写出一个满足条件的实数集合:所有小于2的正整数 _______。

...(此处省略其余填空题)三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 请简述牛顿第一定律的内容,并举例说明其在现实生活中的应用。

2. 解释什么是欧拉公式,并说明它在数学中的重要性。

3. 描述如何使用勾股定理来解决实际问题,并给出一个具体的例子。

四、计算题(每题15分,共30分)1. 计算下列表达式的值:(3x^2 - 2x + 1) / (x - 1),当x = -2时。

2. 已知一个物体从静止开始,以恒定加速度a = 9.8 m/s²下落,求物体在第5秒时的速度和位移。

五、论述题(每题30分,共30分)1. 论述牛顿三大定律对现代物理学发展的影响,并结合实例说明它们在工程学中的应用。

六、附加题(10分)1. 根据题目所给的函数f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 + 2x + 1,求其导数,并讨论其在x = 1处的切线斜率。

考试结束,请考生停止作答。

(注:以上内容为模拟试卷,实际考试内容可能会有所不同。

)。

高一语文第一学期期中考试卷(附答案)

高一语文第一学期期中考试卷(附答案)

高一语文第一学期期中考试卷(附答案)一、现代文阅读(36 分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共 3 小题,9 分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3 题。

中国古典诗词是中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝,它以优美的语言、深刻的思想和丰富的情感,展现了中华民族的智慧和精神。

古典诗词不仅是文学艺术的珍品,也是中华民族文化传承的重要载体。

古典诗词的语言之美,在于其凝练、含蓄、富有节奏感和韵律感。

诗人通过精心选择字词,运用各种修辞手法,如比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶等,使诗词的语言生动形象,富有感染力。

例如,“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开”,诗人运用比喻的手法,将雪花比作梨花,生动地描绘了雪景的美丽。

古典诗词的思想之深,在于其对人生、社会、自然等方面的深刻思考和感悟。

诗人通过诗词表达自己的理想、抱负、情感和价值观,反映了不同历史时期的社会风貌和人民的生活状况。

例如,“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”,诗人杜甫表达了对穷苦人民的同情和对社会公平的向往。

古典诗词的情感之丰富,在于其能够触动人们的心灵,引起人们的共鸣。

诗人通过诗词表达自己的喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇等情感,使读者在欣赏诗词的过程中感受到人性的美好和生命的意义。

例如,“问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流”,诗人李煜通过对愁绪的形象描绘,表达了自己内心的痛苦和无奈。

1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是(3 分)A. 中国古典诗词只是文学艺术的珍品,不是中华民族文化传承的重要载体。

B. 古典诗词的语言之美在于其运用了比喻、拟人、夸张、对偶等所有修辞手法。

C. 古典诗词的思想深刻,能够反映不同历史时期的社会风貌和人民的生活状况。

D. 古典诗词的情感丰富,只能表达诗人自己的喜怒哀乐,不能引起读者共鸣。

2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3 分)A. 文章开篇提出中国古典诗词是中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝,然后从语言之美、思想之深、情感之丰富三个方面进行论述。

B. 文章在论述古典诗词的语言之美时,列举了“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开” 的例子,增强了说服力。

高一上册语文期中考试试卷及答案

高一上册语文期中考试试卷及答案

一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音完全正确的一项是:A. 璀璨(cuǐcàn)耸人听闻(sǒng rén tīng wén)B. 恣意(zì yì)谈笑风生(tán xiào fēng shēng)C. 毅力(yì lì)气喘吁吁(qì chuǎn xū xū)D. 琼楼玉宇(qióng lóu yù yǔ)漫不经心(màn bù jīng xīn)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:A. 这篇文章详细地介绍了我国的航天事业,使我们对我国的航天事业有了更深的了解。

B. 为了提高学生的综合素质,学校决定增设多种兴趣小组。

C. 他对数学有着浓厚的兴趣,但他的成绩一直不理想。

D. 由于长时间的工作,他感到身体疲惫不堪。

3. 下列各句中,没有使用比喻修辞手法的一项是:A. 他的声音像夜莺一样悦耳动听。

B. 他的笑容如春风拂面,让人感到温暖。

C. 这本书的内容枯燥无味,读起来像嚼蜡。

D. 她的脸红得像苹果一样。

4. 下列各句中,没有使用夸张修辞手法的一项是:A. 他的勇气可嘉,敢于攀登高峰。

B. 他的力气大得惊人,能举起千斤重物。

C. 他的成绩突飞猛进,简直像坐火箭一样。

D. 她的美丽令人陶醉,仿佛是仙子下凡。

5. 下列各句中,没有使用排比修辞手法的一项是:A. 爱国、爱民、爱家,这是每个公民应尽的责任。

B. 高山仰止,景行行止,虽不能至,心向往之。

C. 青春如梦,岁月如歌,时光荏苒,勿忘初心。

D. 红日初升,其道大光;河出伏流,一泻汪洋。

6. 下列各句中,没有使用对偶修辞手法的一项是:A. 风声雨声读书声,声声入耳;家事国事天下事,事事关心。

B. 山青水秀,鸟语花香;月明风清,柳暗花明。

C. 海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞;读书破万卷,下笔如有神。

高一语文期中模拟卷01(考试版A4)【测试范围:必修下册第1~4单元】(统编版)

高一语文期中模拟卷01(考试版A4)【测试范围:必修下册第1~4单元】(统编版)

2023-2024学年高一语文下学期期中模拟卷(考试时间:150分钟试卷满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

用2B 铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号。

将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.测试范围:必修下册第一到四单元、古诗词诵读5.难度系数:0.76.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

塑料,是工业文明的结果,它给人类带来便捷的同时也带来了无穷的麻烦和灾难。

目前,市面上的塑料保鲜膜都不能降解,如果把它们埋在土壤中,塑料中的塑化剂会渗透到土壤和水里,最终会随着水和植物进入人体内,同时塑料分子也会进入人体,对人体造成危害。

如今,小小的海藻摇身一变,就可以成为新型环保保鲜膜,这为解决塑料污染提供了一种新的可能。

海藻种类繁多,共有两万多种,几乎所有海洋植物都可归入藻类。

海藻拥有巨大的开发潜力,可开发成药品功能性食品、化妆品。

现在,小小的海藻还能制备成保鲜膜。

科学家们发现,海藻富含多种多糖类物质,如褐藻胶、琼胶、卡拉胶等,这些多糖类物质形成凝胶后可以延展成薄膜,较好的柔韧性使其拥有制作保鲜膜的潜质。

常规的塑料保鲜膜在使用一次之后就会被丢弃,而海藻保鲜膜可以和包裹的食品一起进行烹饪或直接食用。

此外,一个普通的塑料袋,完全降解需要200~1000年,而海藻保鲜膜如果被人们不慎丢进自然界,只要和足够的水接触超过2小时,就会分解为有机物,进入土壤中和大自然融为一体。

高一上学期期中考试数学试卷含答案(共5套)

高一上学期期中考试数学试卷含答案(共5套)

高一年级第一学期期中考试数学试卷考试时间120分钟,满分150分。

卷Ⅰ(选择题共60分)一.选择题(共12小题,每小题5 分,计60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有1个选项符合题意)1.已知集合A={x|x2-2x-3<0},集合B={x|2x+1>1},则C B A= ()A. B. C. D.2.若a=log20.5,b=20.5,c=0.52,则a,b,c三个数的大小关系是()A. B. C. D.3.函数y=的图象是()A. B. C. D.4.幂函数在时是减函数,则实数m的值为A. 2或B.C. 2D. 或15.若函数y=f(x)的定义域是(0,4],则函数g(x)=f(x)+f(x2)的定义域是()A. B. C. D.6.在下列区间中,函数的零点所在的区间为()A. B. C. D.7.已知函数y=f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,当x≥0时,,则当x<0时,f(x)表达式是()A. B. C. D.8.函数f(x)在(-∞,+∞)上单调递减,且为奇函数.若f(1)=-1,则满足-1≤f(x-2)≤1的x的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.9.已知函数f(x)=|lg x|,若0<a<b,且f(a)=f(b),则a+2b的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.10.若函数f(x)=,且满足对任意的实数x1≠x2都有>0成立,则实数a的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.11.若在区间上递减,则a的取值范围为()A. B. C. D.12.已知函数f(x)=则函数g(x)=f[f(x)]-1的零点个数为()A. 1B. 3C. 4D. 6卷Ⅱ(非选择题共90分)二、填空题(本大题共4小题,共20分)13.方程的一根在内,另一根在内,则实数m的取值范围是______.14.若函数的图象与x轴有公共点,则m的取值范围是______ .15.当x∈(1,3)时,不等式x2+mx+4<0恒成立,则m的取值范围是______ .16.已知函数的定义域为D,当x∈D时,f(x)≤m恒成立,则实数m的取值范围是______三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分,其中17题10分,18-22题12分)17.计算下列各式的值:(1)(2).18.已知集合A={x|m-1≤x≤2m+3},函数f(x)=lg(-x2+2x+8)的定义域为B.(1)当m=2时,求A∪B、(∁R A)∩B;(2)若A∩B=A,求实数m的取值范围.19.已知函数,且.(1)求的定义域;(2)判断的奇偶性并予以证明;(3)当时,求使的的解集.20.已知定义域为R的函数是奇函数.(1)求b的值;(2)判断函数f(x)的单调性,并用定义证明;(3)当时,f(kx2)+f(2x-1)>0恒成立,求实数k的取值范围.21.“绿水青山就是金山银山”,随着我国经济的快速发展,国家加大了对环境污染的治理力度,某环保部门对其辖区内的一工厂的废气排放进行了监察,发现该厂产生的废气经过过滤排放后,过滤过程中废气的污染物数量千克/升与时间小时间的关系为,如果在前个小时消除了的污染物,(1)小时后还剩百分之几的污染物(2)污染物减少需要花多少时间(精确到小时)参考数据:22.设函数是增函数,对于任意x,都有.求;证明奇函数;解不等式.第一学期期中考试高一年级数学试卷答案1.【答案】A解:因为A={x|x2-2x-3<0}={x|-1<x<3},B={x|2x+1>1}={x|x>-1},则C B A=[3,+∞) ,故选A.2.【答案】C解:a=log20.5<0,b=20.5>1,0<c=0.52<1,则a<c<b,则选:C.3.【答案】B解:函数y=是奇函数,排除A,C;当x=时,y=ln<0,对应点在第四象限,排除D.故选B.4.【答案】B解:由于幂函数在(0,+∞)时是减函数,故有,解得m =-1,故选B.5.【答案】A解:∵函数f(x)的定义域为(0,4],∴由,得,即0<x≤2,则函数g(x)的定义域为(0,2],故选:A.6.【答案】C解:∵函数f(x)=e x+4x-3在R上连续,且f(0)=e0-3=-2<0,f()=+2-3=-1=-e0>0,∴f(0)f()<0,∴函数f(x)=e x+4x-3的零点所在的区间为(0,).故选C.7.【答案】D解:设x<0,则-x>0,∵当x≥0时,,∴f(-x)=-x(1+)=-x(1-),∵函数y=f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,∴f(x)=-f(-x),∴f(x)=x(1-),故选D.8.【答案】D解:∵函数f(x)为奇函数,若f(1)=-1,则f(-1)=-f(1)=1,又∵函数f(x)在(-∞,+∞)上单调递减,-1≤f(x-2)≤1,∴f(1)≤f(x-2)≤f(-1),∴-1≤x-2≤1,解得:1≤x≤3,所以x的取值范围是[1,3].故选D.9.【答案】C解:因为f(a)=f(b),所以|lg a|=|lg b|,所以a=b(舍去),或,所以a+2b=又0<a<b,所以0<a<1<b,令,由“对勾”函数的性质知函数f(a)在a∈(0,1)上为减函数,所以f(a)>f(1)=1+=3,即a+2b的取值范围是(3,+∞).故选C.10.【答案】D解:∵对任意的实数x1≠x2都有>0成立,∴函数f(x)=在R上单调递增,∴,解得a∈[4,8),故选D.11.【答案】A解:令u=x2-2ax+1+a,则f(u)=lg u,配方得u=x2-2ax+1+a=(x-a)2 -a2+a+1,故对称轴为x=a,如图所示:由图象可知,当对称轴a≥1时,u=x2-2ax+1+a在区间(-∞,1]上单调递减,又真数x2-2ax+1+a>0,二次函数u=x2-2ax+1+a在(-∞,1]上单调递减,故只需当x=1时,若x2-2ax+1+a>0,则x∈(-∞,1]时,真数x2-2ax+1+a>0,代入x=1解得a<2,所以a的取值范围是[1,2)故选:A.由题意,在区间(-∞,1]上,a的取值需令真数x2-2ax+1+a>0,且函数u=x2-2ax+1+a在区间(-∞,1]上应单调递减,这样复合函数才能单调递减.本题考查复合函数的单调性,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,复合函数单调性遵从同增异减的原则.12.【答案】C解:令f(x)=1,当时,,解得x1=-,x2=1,当时,,解得x3=5,综上f(x)=1解得x1=-,x2=1,x3=5,令g(x)=f[f(x)]-1=0,作出f(x)图象如图所示:由图象可得当f(x)=-无解,f(x)=1有3个解,f(x)=5有1个解,综上所述函数g(x)=f[f(x)]-1的零点个数为4,故选C.13.【答案】(1,2)解:设f(x)=x2-2mx+m2-1,则f(x)=0的一个零点在(0,1)内,另一零点在(2,3)内.∴,即,解得1<m<2.故答案为(1,2).14.【答案】[-1,0)解:作出函数的图象如下图所示,由图象可知0<g(x)≤1,则m<g(x)+m≤1+m,即m<f(x)≤1+m,要使函数的图象与x轴有公共点,则,解得-1≤m<0.故答15.案为[-1,0).【答案】.解:∵解:利用函数f(x)=x2+mx+4的图象,∵x∈(1,3)时,不等式x2+mx+4<0恒成立,∴,即,解得m-5.∴m的取值范围是.故答案为:..利用一元二次函数图象分析不等式在定区间上恒成立的条件,再求解即可.本题考查不等式在定区间上的恒成立问题.利用一元二次函数图象分析求解是解决此类问题的常用方法.16.【答案】[5,+∞)解:函数的定义域为:x≤2,当x∈D时,f(x)≤m恒成立,令t=≥0,可得2x=4-t2,所以f(t)=5-t2-t,是开口向下的二次函数,t≥0,f(t)≤5,当x∈D时,f(x)≤m恒成立,则实数m的取值范围是:m≥5.故答案为:[5,+∞).求出函数的定义域,利用换元法结合函数的性质,求解实数m的取值范围.本题考查函数的最值的求法,换元法的应用,函数恒成立体积的应用,是基本知识的考查.17.【答案】解:(1)原式===;-----------(5分)(2)原式===log39-9=2-9=-7.----(10分)18.【答案】解:(1)根据题意,当m=2时,A={x|1≤x≤7},B={x|-2<x<4},----(1分)则A∪B={x|-2<x≤7},----(3分)又∁R A={x|x<1或x>7},则(∁R A)∩B={x|-2<x<1};----(5分)(2)根据题意,若A∩B=A,则A⊆B,分2种情况讨论:①当A=∅时,有m-1>2m+3,解可得m<-4,----(7分)②当A≠∅时,若有A⊆B,必有,解可得-1<m<,----(11分)综上可得:m的取值范围是:(-∞,-4)∪(-1,).----(12分)19.【答案】解:(1),若要式子有意义,则,即,所以定义域为. ----(4分)(2)f(x)的定义域为,且所以f(x)是奇函数. ----(8分)(3)又f(x)>0,即,有.当时,上述不等式,解得. ----(12分)20.【答案】解:(1)因为f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,所以f(0)=0,即,则b=1,经检验,当b=1时,是奇函数,所以b=1;----(3分)(2),f(x)在R上是减函数,证明如下:在R上任取,,且,则,因为在R上单调递增,且,则,又因为,所以,即,所以f(x)在R上是减函数; ----(7分)(3)因为,所以,而f(x)是奇函数,则,又f(x)在R上是减函数,所以,即在上恒成立,令,,,,因为,则k<-1.所以k的取值范围为. ----(12分)21.【答案】解:(1)由已知,∴,当时,,故小时后还剩的污染物. ----(5分)(2)由已知,即两边取自然对数得:,∴,∴污染物减少需要花32小时. ----(12分)22.【答案】解:(1)由题设,令x=y=0,恒等式可变为f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0),解得f(0)=0;----(3分)(2)证明:令y=-x,则由f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)得f(0)=0=f(x)+f(-x),即f(-x)=-f(x),故f(x)是奇函数;----(7分)(3)∵,,即,又由已知f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)得:f(x+x)=2f(x),∴f(x2-3x)>f(2x),由函数f(x)是增函数,不等式转化为x2-3x>2x,即x2-5x>0,∴不等式的解集{x|x<0或x>5}.----(12分)2019-2020学年第一学期期中考试高一数学试题说明:本试卷分为第I 卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,共三个大题,22个小题。

(完整版)高一数学第一学期期中考试试题及答案

(完整版)高一数学第一学期期中考试试题及答案

A高一数学(必修1)第I 卷 选择题(共60分)一、选择题:(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.已知全集U ={0,1,2,3,4},M ={0,1,2},N ={2,3},则(C u M )∩N =A .B .C .D .{}4,3,2{}2{}3{}4,3,2,1,02.设集合,,给出如下四个图形,其中能表示从集{}02M x x =≤≤{}02N y y =≤≤合到集合的函数关系的是M NA .B .C .D .3. 设,用二分法求方程内近似解的过程中()833-+=x x f x()2,10833∈=-+x x x在得,则方程的根落在区间()()()025.1,05.1,01<><f f f A. B. C. D. 不能确定(1,1.25)(1.25,1.5)(1.5,2)4. 二次函数的值域为])5,0[(4)(2∈-=x x x x f A. B. C. D.),4[+∞-]5,0[]5,4[-]0,4[-5. =+--3324log ln 01.0lg 2733e A .14 B .0C .1 D . 66. 在映射,,且,则中B A f →:},|),{(R y x y x B A ∈==),(),(:y x y x y x f +-→A 中的元素在集合B 中的像为)2,1(-A . B .C .D . )3,1(--)3,1()1,3()1,3(-7.三个数,,之间的大小关系为231.0=a 31.0log 2=b 31.02=c A .a <c <b B .a <b <c C .b <a <cD .b <c <a8.已知函数在上为奇函数,且当时,,则当时,()y f x=R0x≥2()2f x x x=-0x<函数的解析式为()f xA. B.()(2)f x x x=-+()(2)f x x x=-C. D.()(2)f x x x=--()(2)f x x x=+9.函数与在同一坐标系中的图像只可能是xy a=log(0,1)ay x a a=->≠且A. B. C. D.10.设,则2log2log<<baA. B.10<<<ba10<<<abC . D.1>>ba1>>ab11.函数在区间上的最大值为5,最小值为1,则实数m的取值54)(2+-=xxxf],0[m范围是A. B.[2,4] C. [0,4] D.),2[+∞]4,2(12.若函数()f x为定义在R上的奇函数,且在(0,)+∞内是增函数,又(2)f0=,则不等式的解集为)(<xxfA.(2,0)(2,)-+∞B.(,2)(0,2)-∞-C.(,2)(2,)-∞-+∞D.)2,0()0,2(-高一数学(必修1)答题卷题 号一二三总分得 分一、选择题:(本大题小共12题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)题号123456789101112答案第II 卷 非选择题(共90分)二、填空题:(本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分)13.函数,则的值为.⎩⎨⎧≥<--=-)2(2)2(32)(x x x x f x )]3([-f f 14.计算:.=⋅8log 3log 9415.二次函数在区间上是减少的,则实数k 的取值范围为 842--=x kx y ]20,5[.16.给出下列四个命题:①函数与函数表示同一个函数;||x y =2)(x y =②奇函数的图像一定通过直角坐标系的原点;③函数的图像可由的图像向右平移1个单位得到;2)1(3-=x y 23x y =④若函数的定义域为,则函数的定义域为;)(x f ]2,0[)2(x f ]4,0[⑤设函数是在区间上图像连续的函数,且,则方程()x f []b a ,()()0<⋅b f a f 在区间上至少有一实根;()0=x f []b a ,得分评卷人得分评卷人其中正确命题的序号是 .(填上所有正确命题的序号)三、解答题:(本大题共6小题,共74分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(本题满分12分)已知全集,集合,,R U ={}1,4>-<=x x x A 或{}213≤-≤-=x x B (1)求、;B A )()(BC A C U U (2)若集合是集合A 的子集,求实数k 的取值范围.{}1212+≤≤-=k x k x M 18. (本题满分12分)已知函数.1212)(+-=x x x f ⑴判断函数的奇偶性,并证明;)(x f ⑵利用函数单调性的定义证明:是其定义域上的增函数.)(x f 19. (本题满分12分)已知二次函数在区间上有最大值,求实数的值2()21f x x ax a =-++-[]0,12a 20. (本题满分12分)函数)1,0)(3(log )(≠>-=a a ax x f a (1)当时,求函数的定义域;2=a )(x f (2)是否存在实数,使函数在递减,并且最大值为1,若存在,求出的值;a )(x f ]2,1[a 若不存在,请说明理由.21. (本题满分13分)广州亚运会纪念章委托某专营店销售,每枚进价5元,同时每销售一枚这种纪念章需向广州亚组委交特许经营管理费2元,预计这种纪念章以每枚20元的价格销售时该店一年可销售2000枚,经过市场调研发现每枚纪念章的销售价格在每枚20元的基础上每减少一元则得分评卷人增加销售400枚,而每增加一元则减少销售100枚,现设每枚纪念章的销售价格为元.x (1)写出该专营店一年内销售这种纪念章所获利润(元)与每枚纪念章的销售价格(元)y x 的函数关系式(并写出这个函数的定义域);(2)当每枚纪念章销售价格为多少元时,该特许专营店一年内利润(元)最大,并求出x y 最大值.22. (本题满分13分)设是定义在R 上的奇函数,且对任意a 、b ,当时,都有)(x f R ∈0≠+b a .0)()(>++ba b f a f (1)若,试比较与的大小关系;b a >)(a f )(b f (2)若对任意恒成立,求实数k 的取值范围.0)92()329(>-⋅+⋅-k f f xx x ),0[+∞∈x 高一数学参考答案一、选择题:题号123456789101112答案CDBCBDCAABBD二、填空题:13.14. 15. 16. ③⑤8143101,0()0,( -∞三、解答题:17. (1){}{}32213≤≤-=≤-≤-=x x x x B ………2分,∴{}31≤<=x x B A ………4分{}3,1)()(>≤=x x x B C A C U U 或 ………6分(2)由题意:或, 112>-k 412-<+k ………10分解得:或. 1>k 25-<k ………12分18. (1)为奇函数.)(x f ………1分 的定义域为,,012≠+x∴)(x f R ………2分又 )(121221211212)(x f x f x x x x xx -=+--=+-=+-=--- 为奇函数.)(x f ∴………6分(2)1221)(+-=x x f 任取、,设,1x R x ∈221x x <)1221(1221()()(2121+--+-=-x x x f x f )121121(212+-+=x x )12)(12()22(22121++-=x x x x , 又,022********<-∴<∴<x x x x x x 或 12210,210x x +>+>.在其定义域R 上是增函数.)()(0)()(2121x f x f x f x f <∴<-∴或)(x f ∴………12分19. 函数的对称轴为:,)(x f x a =当时,在上递减,,即; 0<a ()f x ]1,0[2)0(=∴f 1,21-=∴=-a a ………4分当时,在上递增,,即; 1>a ()f x ]1,0[2)1(=∴f 2=a ………8分当时,在递增,在上递减,,即,01a ≤≤()f x ],0[a ]1,[a 2)(=∴a f 212=+-a a 解得:与矛盾;综上:或 251±=a 01a ≤≤1a =-2=a ………12分20. (1)由题意:,,即,)23(log )(2x x f -=023>-∴x 23<x 所以函数的定义域为;)(x f 23,(-∞………4分(2)令,则在上恒正,,在ax u -=3ax u -=3]2,1[1,0≠>a a ax u -=∴3上单调递减,]2,1[,即023>⋅-∴a )23,1()1,0( ∈a ………7分又函数在递减,在上单调递减,,即)(x f ]2,1[ax u -=3 ]2,1[1>∴a )23,1(∈a ………9分又函数在的最大值为1,, )(x f ]2,1[1)1(=∴f 即,1)13(log )1(=⋅-=a f a 23=∴a ………11分与矛盾,不存在. 23=a )23,1(∈a a ∴………12分21. (1)依题意⎩⎨⎧∈<<---∈≤<--+=++N x x x x N x x x x y ,4020),7)](20(1002000[,207),7)](20(4002000[ ∴, ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧∈<<---∈≤<---=++N x x x N x x x y ,4020],41089)247[(100,207],81)16[(40022………5分定义域为{}407<<∈+x N x ………7分 (2) ∵,⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧∈<<---∈≤<---=++N x x x N x x x y ,402041089247[(100,207],81)16[(40022∴ 当时,则,(元)020x <≤16x =max 32400y =………10分当时,则,(元)2040x <<472x =max 27225y =综上:当时,该特许专营店获得的利润最大为32400元. 16x =………13分22. (1)因为,所以,由题意得:b a >0>-b a ,所以,又是定义在R 上的奇函数,0)()(>--+ba b f a f 0)()(>-+b f a f )(x f ,即.)()(b f b f -=-∴0)()(>-∴b f a f )()(b f a f >………6分(2)由(1)知为R 上的单调递增函数,)(x f ………7分对任意恒成立,0)92()329(>-⋅+⋅-k f f x x x ),0[+∞∈x ,即,)92()329(k f f x x x -⋅->⋅-∴)92()329(x x x k f f ⋅->⋅-………9分,对任意恒成立,x x x k 92329⋅->⋅-∴x x k 3293⋅-⋅<∴),0[+∞∈x 即k 小于函数的最小值. ),0[,3293+∞∈⋅-⋅=x u xx………11分令,则,xt 3=),1[+∞∈t 13131(323329322≥--=-=⋅-⋅=∴t t t u x x .1<∴k (13)。

高一期中考试试卷山西省

高一期中考试试卷山西省

高一期中考试试卷山西省山西省高一期中考试试卷一、语文(一)阅读理解阅读下面的文章,回答1-5题。

文章:《荷塘月色》1. 文章中“荷塘”一词在文中象征着什么?2. 作者通过哪些细节描写来表达对荷塘月色的赞美?3. 请分析文章中“月色”一词在文中的作用。

4. 文章中“荷塘月色”与“故乡”有何联系?5. 作者在文中表达了怎样的情感?(二)古文翻译将下列古文翻译成现代汉语。

古文:《岳阳楼记》(三)作文题目:《我的高中生活》要求:不少于800字,内容真实,情感真挚。

二、数学(一)选择题1. 下列哪个选项是二次方程的解?A. x = 2B. x = -3C. x = 1/2D. x = 02. 函数f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 4的最小值是多少?(二)填空题1. 解不等式:3x - 5 > 7。

2. 计算圆的面积,半径为3。

(三)解答题1. 解方程:2x^2 + 5x - 3 = 0。

2. 证明:如果a,b,c是三角形的三边,且a^2 + b^2 = c^2,那么这个三角形是直角三角形。

三、英语(一)阅读理解阅读下面的短文,回答6-10题。

短文:《A Day in the Life of a High School Student》6. What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?7. What time does the author usually wake up?8. How does the author feel about school?9. What is the author's favorite subject?10. What does the author plan to do after school?(二)完形填空[文章略](三)作文题目:《My Dream University》要求:不少于120词,内容积极向上,语言流畅。

高一期中考试试卷及答案

高一期中考试试卷及答案

高一期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 请根据题目所给的数学公式,选择正确的答案。

- A. x + y = z- B. x * y = z- C. x / y = z- D. x - y = z2. 以下哪个选项是英语中“图书馆”的正确翻译?- A. School- B. Library- C. Hospital- D. Museum3. 根据题目所给的历史事件,选择正确的时间顺序。

- A. 工业革命 - 第一次世界大战 - 第二次世界大战 - B. 第一次世界大战 - 工业革命 - 第二次世界大战 - C. 第二次世界大战 - 工业革命 - 第一次世界大战 - D. 工业革命 - 第二次世界大战 - 第一次世界大战4. 题目中提到的化学反应方程式,正确的平衡方程式是: - A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O- B. 2H2 + O2 → H2O- C. H2 + O2 → 2H2O- D. H2 + O2 → H2O5. 题目中描述的物理现象,正确的解释是:- A. 物体在不受外力作用时,将保持静止或匀速直线运动- B. 物体在受力作用时,将立即改变运动状态- C. 物体在受力作用时,将保持静止或匀速直线运动- D. 物体在不受外力作用时,将立即改变运动状态二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1. 请写出牛顿第二定律的表达式:_______________________。

2. 根据题目所给的化学式,写出该化合物的名称:NaCl。

3. 英语中“独立日”的表达是:_______________________。

4. 题目中提到的历史人物,他的主要贡献是:_______________________。

5. 根据题目所给的生物分类,写出该生物的分类等级:_______________________。

三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 请简述细胞的结构和功能。

2. 请解释什么是光合作用,并简述其过程。

广东省高一期中考试卷答案

广东省高一期中考试卷答案

广东省高一期中考试卷答案一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述,错误的是:A. 细胞膜具有选择性通透性B. 线粒体是细胞的能量工厂C. 细胞核是遗传信息库D. 细胞壁是所有细胞的共同特征答案:D2. 根据达尔文的进化论,生物进化的驱动力是:A. 基因突变B. 自然选择C. 人工选择D. 环境适应答案:B3. 光合作用的主要场所是:A. 叶绿体B. 线粒体C. 细胞核D. 细胞质答案:A4. 下列哪个过程不是细胞周期的一部分:A. G1期B. S期C. G2期D. 有丝分裂答案:D5. 人体免疫系统中,负责识别和攻击病原体的是:A. 红细胞B. 白细胞C. 血小板D. 淋巴细胞答案:B6. 酶的催化作用主要依赖于:A. 温度B. 酶的活性中心C. 底物浓度D. 酶的浓度答案:B7. 下列哪个选项不是DNA的组成成分:A. 脱氧核糖B. 磷酸基团C. 碱基D. 氨基酸答案:D8. 细胞分裂过程中,染色体数量减半发生在:A. 有丝分裂后期B. 减数分裂第一次分裂C. 减数分裂第二次分裂D. 有丝分裂前期答案:B9. 细胞膜上的蛋白质具有多种功能,其中不包括:A. 物质转运B. 信号传递C. 细胞间连接D. 细胞壁的合成答案:D10. 下列哪个选项不是细胞凋亡的特点:A. 程序化B. 自我毁灭C. 细胞核和细胞质解体D. 细胞碎片被邻近细胞清除答案:B二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1. 细胞膜的主要组成成分是_______和_______。

答案:磷脂;蛋白质2. 细胞周期包括间期和_______。

答案:有丝分裂期3. 细胞凋亡是一种_______的细胞死亡方式。

答案:程序化4. 酶的活性受_______和_______的影响。

答案:温度;pH值5. 人体的免疫系统由_______、_______和_______三部分组成。

答案:免疫器官;免疫细胞;免疫活性物质三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. 简述细胞膜的主要功能。

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高一期中考试复习练习卷1
一、基础知识
1、写出下列加点字的读音
峥.嵘()浪遏.()拜谒.()尽.管()尽.量()曾.经()曾.孙()灰烬.()依偎.()摇曳.()轻蔑.()静谧.()给予.()寄予.()赠与.()参与.()笔杆.()旗杆.()脊.骨()贫瘠.()迂.回()撩.起()雾霭.()流岚.()揭露.()露.脸()标识.()戏谑.()诗行.()累.赘()劈.账()属.望()倔.强()打烊.()癖.好()跫.音()开落.()落.色()妩.媚()春帷.()予.取予求()拾.级而上()折戟.沉沙()硕果累累
..()言简意赅.()曲.高和寡()曲.径通幽()丢三落.四().弄巧成拙.()2、判断下列加点成语的使用是否正确
(1)、从呱呱坠地至今,我已经度过了16个峥嵘岁月
....了。

()
(2)我们要以不屈不挠
....的心态坦然面对生活中的任何变迁。

()
(3)如果我一件事情没有做好,妈妈总是会对我絮絮叨叨
....。

()
二、课内文言文复习
1、《劝学》实词、虚词
(“=”表示解释词语的意思,“.”表示解释单个字的意思)
(1)、学不可以已.
(2)、輮.以为轮
(3)、其曲.中规
(4)、虽有
..槁暴
(5)不复挺.者
(6)、故木受绳则直
(7)、金就.砺则利.
(8)、君子博学而日参省
....乎己
(9)、则知.明而.行无过已
(10)、不如须臾之所学也
(11)、吾尝跂而
..望矣
(12)、声非加疾.也
(13)、而闻者彰.
(14)、假與.马者,非利足也
(15)、而.致.千里
(16)、非能水.也,而绝.江河
(17)、君子生.非异也
(18)、积土成山,风雨兴焉.
(19)、积善成德,而.神明自得,圣心备焉.
(20)、故不积跬步
(21)、骐骥一跃,不能十步
(22)、驽马十驾,功在不舍
(23)、锲而舍.之,朽木不折
(24)、金石可镂.
(25)、蚓无爪牙之.利,筋骨之.强
(26)、上.食埃土,下.饮黄泉
(27)、用心一.也
(28)、非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者
(29)用心躁.也
2、句子翻译(写明是什么特殊句式)
(1)、青,取之于蓝而青于蓝
(2)、君子生非异也,善假于物也。

(3)、蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也。

三、现代文本阅读
《获得教养的途径》节选
世界文学的辉煌殿堂对每一位有志者都敞开着,谁也不必对它收藏之丰富望洋兴叹,因为问题不在于数量。

有的人一生中只读过十来本书,却仍然不失为真正的读书人。

还有人见书便生吞下去,对什么都能说上几句,然而一切努力全都白费。

因为教养得有一个可教养的客体作前提,那就是个性或人格。

没有这个前提,教养在一定意义上便落了空,纵然能积累某些知识,却不会产生爱和生命。

没有爱的阅读,没有敬重的知识,没有心的教养,是戕害性灵的最严重的罪过之一。

当今之世,对书籍已经有些轻视了。

为数甚多的年轻人,似乎觉得舍弃愉快的生活而埋头读书,是既可笑又不值得的;他们认为人生太短促、太宝贵,却又挤得出时间一星期去泡六次咖啡馆,在舞池中消磨许多时光。

是啊,"现实世界"的大学、工场、交易所和游乐地不管多么生气蓬勃,可整天呆在这些地方,难道就比我们一天留一两个小时去读古代哲人和诗人的作品,更能接近真正的生活么?不错,读得太多可能有害,书籍可能成为生活的竞争对手。

但尽管如此,我仍然不反对任何人倾心于书。

让我们每个人都从自己能够理解和喜爱的作品开始阅读吧!但单靠报纸和偶然得到的流行文学,是学不会真正意义上的阅读的,而必须读杰作。

杰作常常不像时髦读物那么适口,那么富于刺激性。

杰作需要我们认真对待,需要我们在读的时候花力气、下功夫......
1.作者说"有的人一生中只读过十来本书,却仍然不失为真正的读书人",那么,你认为怎样的人才是"真正的读书人"?
2.作者写道:"因为教养得有一个可教养的客体作前提,那就是个性或人格"。

为什么通过读书获得教养要和"个性""人格"联系在一起?
3.你怎样理解"不错,读得太多可能有害,书籍可能成为生活的竞争对手"这句话?
《想北平》节选
②可是,我真爱北平。

这个爱几乎是想说而说不出的。

我爱我的母亲,怎样爱?我说不出。

在我想做一件事讨她老人家喜欢的时候,我独自微微地笑着;在我想到她的健康而不放心的时候,我欲落泪。

言语是不够表现我的心情的,只有独自微笑或落泪才足以把内心表达出来。

我爱北平也近乎这个。

夸奖这个古城的某一点是容易的,可是那就把北平看得太小了。

我所爱的北平不是枝枝节节的一些什么,而是整个儿与我的心灵相粘合的一段历史,一大块地方,多少风景名胜,从雨后什刹海的蜻蜓一直到我梦里的玉泉山的塔影,都积凑到一块,每一细小的事件中有个我,我的每一思念中有个北平,这只有说不出而已。

③真愿成为诗人,把一切好听好看的字都浸在自己的心血里,像杜鹃似的啼出北平的俊伟。

但我不是诗人,我将永远道不出我的爱,一种像由音乐与图画所引起的爱。

这不但是辜负了北平,也对不住我自己,因为我最初的知识与印象都得自北平,它在我的血里,我的性格与脾气里有许多地方是这个古城所赐给的。

我不能爱上海与天津,因为我心中有个北平。

可是我说不出来!
④伦敦、巴黎、罗马与堪司坦丁堡,曾被称为欧洲的四大“历史的都城”。

我知道一些伦敦的情形,巴黎与罗马只是到过而已,堪司坦丁堡根本没有去过。

就伦敦、巴黎、罗马来说,巴黎更近似北平,不过,假使让我“家住巴黎”,我一定会和没有家一样地感到寂苦。

巴黎,据我看,还太热闹。

虽然那里也有空旷静寂的地方,可是又未免太旷,不像北平那样既复杂而又有个边际,使我能摸着——那长着红酸枣的老城墙!面向着积水潭,背后是城墙,坐在石上看水中的小蝌蚪
或苇叶上的嫩蜻蜓,我可以快乐地坐一天,心中完全安适,无所求也无可怕,像小儿安睡在摇篮里。

是的,北平也有热闹的地方,但是它和太极拳相似,动中有静。

巴黎有许多地方使人疲乏,所以咖啡与酒是必要的,以便刺激;在北平,有温和的香片茶就够了。

⑤虽说巴黎的布置比伦敦罗马匀调得多,可是比起北平来还差点儿。

北平在人为之中显出自然,既不挤得慌,又不太僻静,连最小的胡同里的房子也有院子与树,最空旷的地方也离买卖街与住宅区不远。

北平的好处不在处处设备得完全,而在它处处有空儿,可以使人自由地喘气;不在有许多美丽的建筑,而在建筑的四围都有空闲的地方,使它们成为美景。

每一个城楼,每一个牌楼,都可以从老远就看见。

况且在街上还可以看见北山与西山呢!
⑥好学的、爱古物的人们自然喜欢北平,因为这里书多古物多。

我不好学,也没钱买古物,但我却喜爱北平的花多菜多果子多。

花草是种费钱的玩艺,可是北平的“草花儿”很便宜,而且家家有院子,可以花不多的钱而种一院子花。

墙上的牵牛,墙根的靠山竹与草茉莉,省钱省事而且会招来翩翩的蝴蝶。

至于青菜、白菜、扁豆、毛豆角、黄瓜、菠菜等等,大多数是直接由城外担来送到家门口的。

雨后,韭菜叶上还往往带着雨时溅起的泥点。

青菜摊子上的红红绿绿几乎有诗一般的美丽。

果子有不少是从西山与北山来的,西山的沙果、海棠,北山的黑枣、柿子,进了城还带着一层白霜儿,美国包着纸的橘子遇到北平带霜儿的玉李,还不愧杀!
⑦是的,北平是个都城,而能有好多自己产生的花、菜、水果,这就使人更接近了自然。

从它里面说,没有像伦敦的那些成天冒烟的工厂;从外面说,它紧连着园林、菜圃与农村。

采菊东篱下,在这里,确是可以悠然见南山的。

像我这样的一个贫寒的人,或许只有在北平才能享受一点清福吧。

⑧好,不再说了吧,要落泪了。

真想念北平呀!
注:文中说的“北平”是1928~1949年间对北京的旧称。

1、本文第②段中作者说“我爱北平也近乎这个”,“这个”指的是什么?
2.第②段中,作者说“每一细小的事件中有个我,我的每一思念中有个北平”,这句话的含意是什么?
3.第④~⑦段中,作者笔下的北平具有多方面的特点,请写出其中的主要特点(每处不超过10个字。

) 在表现北平的特点时,作者为什么要用文字描写国外的城市?
4.文章以“要落泪了。

真想念北平呀”收笔,这一笔好在哪里?。

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