Attributive Clause

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attributive clause

先行词
定语从句
关系代词who;whom
Who（主格）先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Whom（宾格），先行词指人，在从句中做宾语，关系代词做宾语时通常可以省略。
The man who is talking to my father is a professor.
He is the man (who/whom) I saw in the reading-room yesterday.
关系代词wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱose 的用法
The boy got the first prize. The boy’s father is an engineer.
The boy whose father is an engineer got the first prize.
窗户朝南的房间是我的。
The room whose windows face south is mine.
5little gift. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时
The most beautiful place that I visited has places and the people that 6避免关联词在一个句子中重复时 I have visited left a deep impression on me. is Jiuzhaigou. Who is the man that is am looking speech to He is the very man that I making a for. the students?
Beijing is the place where I was born.

高考英语attributive-clause(201908)

a famous scientist who/that made the earliest seismograph in 132.
；直播盒子_聚合直播_直播宝盒下载 / 直播盒子_聚合直播_直播宝盒下载；
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Attributive Clause定语全面从句讲解

关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
1.A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2.The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
the machine = that

3.The boy whose/of which parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
(6)As的用法
在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、 who、whom、that、 whose, 其代替主句中的人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。一、as引导限制性定语从句主要固定结构有： the same…as , such…as, as…as , so…as, 主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5)当先行词既有人又有物。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.

英语翻译与写作-Attributive Clauses

Attributive ClausesI. 英汉定语结构的对比英语的定语从句呈右开放状，从理论上讲，一个句子可以向右无限扩展。

This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 汉语没有定语从句之说，作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前（左边），用“、、、、、、的”结构表现，呈左封闭状。

这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

如果“、、、、、、的、、、、、、的”太多，就会不知所云，影响对整个句子的理解。

这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。

屋子是杰克盖的。

II. 限制性定语从句1. 合并法(combination)：在定语从句较短的情况下（一般在10个词之内），将定语从句合并于主句，用“、、、、、、的”结构译出。

1)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.2)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.3)July and August are the months when the weather is hot.4)In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.2. 分译法(division)：即化整为零，分别翻译。

这种方法比较适合长而复杂的定语从句。

分译时，可以重复先行词。

1)Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.2)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and forwhich, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.3)Between these two particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerfulattraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges.4)Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with himto light his way to school on dark winter mornings.在主题明确的情况下，也可以不重复先行词。

U1Attributiveclauses

is eating her flowers.
（主语）
These are the trees.
The trees were planted last year. These are the trees which/that were planted last year.
Some of the books were gifts.
He got the gifts from his Chinese friends and
students.
（宾语）
Some of the books were gifts (which/that) he got from his Chinese friends and students.
The paintings are being shown in the exhibition room.
• It is no longer the small town that it used to be.
• She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.
• The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.
Main clause & the attributive clause
• Mary is a student who is 21 years old. ( 主句部分 ) ( 从句部分 )
• He who laughs last laughs best. ( 从句部分 )

定语从句(attributive clause)

or which
Please tell me the reason why you missed the phone. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
我住在纽约的那个兄弟有6个孩子。（可能还有其他兄弟）
My brother, who lives in New York, has six children.
我弟弟有6个孩子，他住在纽约。（只有这一个兄弟）
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why • when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语，也可用on which 代替
• 当先行词指“物”时，在定语从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语，关系代词用which/that • A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
A plane is a machine that can fly. Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.
Is this watch which he is looking for? The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.
含有介词的动词短语，介词一般仍放在动词的后面，不分开
Tom came back, which made us happy. I said nothing, which made him very angry.
• 当先行词指“人”时，在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词用whom. • The man whom I telephoned is out.

定语从句(attributive clauses)

注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom；注意：介词前置是，先行词是人，只能用whom；只能用which,而且均不可省略而且均不可省略. 先行词是物只能用which,而且均不可省略. 你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗? 你能用介词前置的形式完成下列句子吗? 1.那就是Lily出生的那个农场. 1.那就是那就是Lily出生的那个农场出生的那个农场. →That is the farm on which Lily was born. 2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？ 2.你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗你到过你叔叔工作的那个工厂吗？ →have you been to the factory in which your uncle works? 3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？ 3.你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗你见过妈妈昨天谈到的那位老师吗？ →Have you seen the teacher about whom your mother talked?
定语从句Attributive Clauses
who 、 whom、that引导的定语从句 whom、that引导的定语从句 which、that引导的定语从句 which、that引导的定语从句介词前置的定语从句关系副词when where、why引导的定语从句关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 when、 whose引导的定语从句 whose引导的定语从句附加数量的定语从句 which引导的定语从句 as which引导的定语从句定语从句与结果状语从句、定语从句与结果状语从句、地点状语从句名词性从句、同位语从句、名词性从句、同位语从句、强调句的区别关系代词、关系代词、副词的选择
4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。 4.我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩。我不认识正在河边玩耍的那个女孩 →I don’t know the girl who/that is playing by the river. 5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。 5.昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨昨晚和我一起去看电影的男孩叫杨杨。 →The boy who/that went to the cinema with me yesterday is Yang yang. 6.作家是一位经常写书的人。 6.作家是一位经常写书的人作家是一位经常写书的人。 →A writer is a person who/that writes books. 都译对了吗？问：都译对了吗？ (二)当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,关系代当先行词是人,且在定语从句中作宾语,

初中英语语法之——定语从句

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如： / whohas a sense of duty won’t 1) Any man that __________ do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2)All the guests___________ that / whowere invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 (一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, 错 is very famous here. (___) 2)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (____) 对 2. 介词后不能用。 which get 1) We depend on the land from ______we our food. that/which 2) We depend on the land _____________we get our food from.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： that they visited in London was The first place ______ the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film______ that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
合并为一个句子

定语从句(attributive clause)

（2）.在there be 结构中，并且先行词是人;
who asks for There is a young man _____ your help.
7. whom指人，是宾格，作宾语（介宾短语） (1). The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. =The person who/whom/that you just talked to is Mr Li. (2). Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. =Mrs Read is the person who/whom/that you should write to.
8.whose是who的所有格，用作名词的限定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。 (1). This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (2). Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?
定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)
高一
Review：定义：在复合句中，修饰名词
或代词的从句叫做定语从句。(P90)
1.分类
（1）限制性定语从句：作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。译为定语“......的” （2）非限制性定语从句：作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）或前面整个句子。主句和从句中有逗号。
（3）.有人、物同时作先行词时；
eg: The old woman scolded (骂) her that grand-daughter and her dog ____ broke her glasses.

Attributive_Clause限制性定语从句

Attributive Clause定语从句关于定语从句定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。

2，代替先行词。

3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的‟表示。

主要由形容词担任。

此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

（一）限定性定语从句1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。

而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样.8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything,everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。

Attributive Clauses

Attributive Clauses定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

定语从句功能及位置功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。

例：Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please.定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.）关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。

关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。

②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。

③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。

注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

M1U4 定语从句 attributive clause(考点)

考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。 where ____ Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used in which to ___ live). which The house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake. that ___ ___ who / whom I ____ Luckily none of the people _____ ( _ know) were killed in the that earthquake. / when __________________ My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War in which broke out). _______
一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）
The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.
主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构
主句谓语结构
Attributive clause:
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。
I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
考点二：that和which的选择
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English. ④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. ⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如： He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.

Attributive clause定语从句PPT

2）whom指人，作宾语，并经常省略。在作介词宾语时，介词可以位于whom之前或句末。在口语和非正式英语中，介词常位于句末。 I know the person to whom you spoke/ whom you spoke to. Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working./ whom I shall be working for. Here is John Smith, whom / who I mentioned the other day. London policeman, whom / who I am much obliged to/ to whom I am much obliged always try to be helpful. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ___ up to half will be from overseas. a. for whom b. of whom c. in which
1.2.2 a phrase: She is very attentive in class, which he rarely is. 1.2.3 Another clause: She said that her son would become an artist, which I thought possible. 1.2.4 Main clause: He refused to come, which I had expected. As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

高考英语attributive-clause

羞怯的动物往往谨慎，但它给予的情感更饱满，更可靠，更长久……似乎是经过了理性的选择。左左就是这样，它害羞腼腆，有着和它超重体型不相匹配的细腻。它渴望亲近，喜欢被抚摸，但它很少表现得像右右那么不管不顾。爱惜脸面、像是害怕被拒绝的左左，总是装作若无其事地经过；等听到我语气温柔的招呼，才把自己圆圆的脑袋和胖胖的身子靠拢过来。左左很享受，但它克制，表情不像右右那么夸张；有时它会装睡，把脸埋进毛巾里，以掩饰自己。右右一会儿歪过脸，一会儿抬起下巴，指引和指挥着我下一步的按摩应该如何进行，应该前往哪个方向。可无论我的手轻手重，无论速度是快是慢，左左对抚摸从来逆来顺受，什么都是好的，都是对的。曾被当作因为自尊心强，批评它，管用。如果我大声呵斥来制止它的行为，左左会停顿，慢吞吞地找个角落，反省似的低下头。扬沙子和铺床单等心理焦虑外化带来的小动作，左左基本克服了。最初阶段，左左并非早睡的那个。如果我晚上在客厅看书，左左就跟陪着我值夜班似的——我不睡，它也不睡。我误把这理解为宠物的忠诚，后来想想：左左可能太敏感，开着灯，它睡不着。炽灯如昼，右右已熟睡，左左倒是半梦半醒，强迫自己睁着防范的眼睛。我必须去漫长抚摸，哄它睡觉，甚至情不自禁地即兴编曲哼唱：“好宝宝，坏宝宝，叽里咕噜肉宝宝。”左左这才放心，一旦睡着，它只差打起嘹亮的鼾声了。和体重相匹配，左左心重，它只有在充分获得安全感的情况下，才肯放开自己。bbin官方网

初中英语定语从句语法及考点归纳

定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后，这种名、代词就叫做先行词。

引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。

1.关系代词引导的定语从句在下面几种情况下必须用关系代词that引导定语从句:(1) 先行词是不定代词all ,few, little, everything ,nothing anything, none等。

如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。

如：This is the best movie I’ve ever seen.这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。

(3) 先行词被all, any ,every ,each, few, little, no ,some等修饰时。

如：I have read all the books(that )you gave me.我读了你给我的所有的书。

(4) 先行词被the only , the every ,the same, the last 修饰时。

如：He is the only person that I want to talk to .他就是我要谈话的那个人。

(5) 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。

如：They are talking about things and persons that they remembered. 他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。

(6) 为避免重复，在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中。

如：Who is the girl that is crying ?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的？(7) 用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time , moment 代替when 。

Attributive Clause

Attributive Clause 定语从句
一、基本概念：用作定语的从句叫做定语从
句，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
eg1: The man who lives next to us is a teacher.
先行词关系词定语从句，放于先行词之后
9、The way _____ he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what
D./
10、This is the last time _____ I shall give you a lesson.
A. when B. that C. which D. what 11、The reason is _____ I missed the bus.
A. they
B. which C. whatrget the day _____ we worked
together and the day _____ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when
5、That is the office ___ Lincoln once worked in.
A. where B. which C. what D. in which 6、Do you know the reason _____ he was late?
A. for which B. for what C. which D. what 7、That’s all ____ I want to tell you.

Attributive clause (限制性定语从句)

定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置
确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格
确定从句的时态（定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
关系代词的使用方法
定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用
用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who
固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
3 )The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.
2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday. 4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.

高考英语attributive-clause

1.As（正如，就像），引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句中、句末。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句末。 As we all know, the earth is round. As is known to all, the sun rises in the east.
2.从句与主句语义一致时常用as, 反之用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
比较：
In translation:
RAC is usually translated together with the noun it modifies as an attribute, while NRAC is translated as a compound sentence.
比较：
In relatives:
More examples: 5. I told the story to Tom, who later told it to John. 6. Mr. White, whose home is not far from here, is a doctor. 7. In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city has no industry to speak of.
The girl whose leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.
The little boy whose eyes are blue is holding a dog.

Unit 4 关系代词 Attributive Clause(教学课件)-高中英语人教版(2019)

➢ Lodge is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.
2. whom 宾语
3. that主语、宾
语、表语
➢ He finally worked out the problem which/ that puzzled him for a 1. that 主语、宾
_________________________________
• Lily is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her.
_________________________________
• ***** 介词+关系代词which/whom
• 先行词为物，用“介词+which”
• The speed at which a person walks is 8 miles an hour.
• 先行词为人，用“介词+whom”
• Felix is my best friend with whom I share lots of secrets.
指代
例句
1.人
➢ Our guide, who was a French anadian, was an excellent cook.
He pretended to be/get familiar with life in big cities, which made me really angry.
• 4. 他沉溺于电脑游戏，学业成绩深受不良影响。(be addicted to; academic
performance)
• He is addicted to (playing) computer games. This negatively affects his academic