2018管理类联考英语(二)真题

2018年英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

2018考研英语二真题及参考答案

2018考研英语二真题及参考答案2018 年考研英语（二）真题及参考答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ w illingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the sameas the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considereda good instinct —it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise /doc/8f4048813.htmlst C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though 8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owingto 10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive 15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promiseD.pretend 18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection IIReadingComprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workingwith your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that s tereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor ’ s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.arefinancially disadvantaged D.arenot academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates./doc/8f4048813.htmled to have more job opportunities/doc/8f4048813.htmled to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever thatthe future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels —especially coal —as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go ，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaningto. A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.hasproved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, . A.windis a widely used energy source B.windenergy has replaced fossil fuels C.techgiants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energyaccording to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Itscontinuous supply is becoming a reality. D.Itssustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.isnot really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing — Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of it s users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods toAmazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital products/doc/8f4048813.htmler informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.mayworsen the economic imbalance C.should notprovide just one legal solution D.cannot keeppace with the changing market/doc/8f4048813.htmlpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook usersbecause. A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.atypical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art ofdeep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic ”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day —in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at HarvardMedical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance inwork D.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/8f4048813.html, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “ I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something — the first word—but it just won ’ t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”“,Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you ’ ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for theirattention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut”but quickly adds “scientist”to the l ist and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institut e a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should 1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对1、【答案】【B】 resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

MBA联考-英语(二)真题2018年_真题无答案

MBA联考-英语(二)真题2018年(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Why do people read negative **ments and do other things obviously painful? Because humans have an inherent needto 1 uncertainty according to a recent study inPsychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingnessto 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 anelectric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another 27 were told only that some wereelectrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones should shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew whatwould 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—itcan 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouragedto 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. "Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity," Hsee says. In other words, don't read **ments.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.•** as•** than•** of** toA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.•** with•** on•** to** fromA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.•**•**•**A B C DSection Ⅱ **prehensionPart ADirections:Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a NewHampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education "have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it academically," he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomesone-size-fits-all, it risks over-looking a nation's diversity of gifts.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of ______.•** training•** ability•** spirit** memorizationA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ______.•** a stereotyped mind•** no career motivation•** financially disadvantaged** not academically successfulA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.We can infer from paragraph 5 that high school graduates ______.•** to have more job opportunities•** to have big financial concerns•** entitled to more educational privileges** reluctant to work in manufacturingA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all ______.•** create a lot of middle-skill jobs•** narrow the gap in working-class jobs•** the overvaluing of higher education** expected to yield a better-trained workforceA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as ______.•**•**•****A B C DText 2While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. Butincreasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question "what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who areplacing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does or doesn't do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.The word "plummeting" (Para.2) is closest in meaning to ______.•**•**•****A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______.•** progressing notably•** as extensive as in Europe•** many challenges** proved to be impracticalA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.It can be learned that in Iowa, ______.•** is a widely used energy source•** energy has replaced fossil fuels•** giants are investing in clean energy** is a shortage of clean energy supplyA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5& 6?•** application has boosted battery storage.•** is commonly used in car manufacturing.•** continuous supply is becoming a reality.** sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.A B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy ______.•** bring the US closer to other countries•** accelerate global environmental change•** not really encouraged by the US government** **petitive enough with regard to its costA B C DText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the up market grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which does not have any physical produce at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the **mission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing that was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of the Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very**pared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of the services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and **panies.The produce they are selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefits of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from wheretheir aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.•** products•** information•** assets** serviceA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.Linking phone numbers to Facebook indentities may ______.•** political disputes•** up customer records•** a risk to Facebook users** the **missionA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.According to the author, competition law ______.•** serve the new market powers•** worsen the economic balance•** not provide just one legal solution** keep pace with the changing marketA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.•** are not defined as customers•** are not financially reliable•** services are generally digital** services are paid for by advertisersA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.•** win-win business model between digital giants•** **petition pattern among digital giants** benefits provided for digital giants' customers** relationship between digital giants and their usersA B C DText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of "deep work"—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; develop a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. "At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointmentor important meeting," he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is torethink how you reprioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the dailyto-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy.""Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; itis as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to thebody...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done," he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient."What people don't realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and un focus circuits in their brain," says Pillay.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ______.•** every minute to work•** your immediate tasks•** specific daily plans** to your focus timeA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ______.•** are hardly motivated by monthly goals•** plans may not be as fruitful as expected•** may actually increase efficiency** schedules are indispensable to studyingA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.According to Newport, Idleness is ______.•** desirable mental state for busy people•** major contributor to physical health•** effective way to save time and energy** essential factor in accomplishing any workA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.Pillay believes that our brains' shifts between being focused and unfocused ______.•** bring about greater efficiency•** result in psychological well-being•** driven by task urgency** aimed at better balance at workA B C DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.This text is mainly about ______.•** to getting more done in less time•** to relieve the tension of busy life•** key to eliminating distractions** cause of the lack of focus timeA B C DPart BDirections:A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too"sF. Pay a **plimentG. Skip the small talkConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.1Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says "I want to talk with this person" —this is something mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won'ttalk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: "Hi", "Hey" or "Hello"—do the best you can to gather all the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "Hi".2It's a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", "how are you?" and "what's going on?", you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you will be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.3When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you'll find all of asudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.4Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response "I can multitask".So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in**munication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.5You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!SSS_FILL21.SSS_FILL22.SSS_FILL23.SSS_FILL24.SSS_FILL25.Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections:1.A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks "astronaut" but quickly adds "scientist" to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a "no reading policy" at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. "Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge," Gates says.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISection Ⅳ Writin gPart A1.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation, and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPart BDirections:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, youshould1)interpret the chart, and2)give **ments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.2017某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。

2018年管理类英语二真题-详尽解析

[同义词] blackball minus veto disconfirming
[反义词] positive affirmative neutral
painful [-fl]
[释义] adj. 疼痛的，使痛苦的
[同义词] atrocious sore irritating afflictive
[反义词] painless
①27 个学生被告知哪些钢笔是带电的;另有 27 个只被告知一些是带电的，当独自一个人在房间的时候，那
room, the students who did not know
些不知道会产生电击的学生比那些知
which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would __8__. ②Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,
[释义] v. 繁殖，再生，复制，使...在脑海中重现
[构词] [re- 再，produce 生产 → 再生产，再造，复制]
[同根词] abduct abduction educate education induce
[同义词] regurgitate procreate multiply
photograph [ˈfəutəgrɑ:f]
inherent [ɪnˈhɪərənt, -ˈher-]
[释义] adj. 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的
[构词] [in- 加强意义，her 粘，-ent …的 → 生来的，固有的，原有的]

2018年管理类联考-英语真题+答案详解

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity, e ” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B.trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen 15. A resist2. C seek 9. B such as 16. A predict3. D hurt 10. D discover 17.B choose4. C expose 11. C food 18. C outcome5. B trial 12. D lead to 19. A whether6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 20. D consequences7. D when 14. A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuckwithgenerations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling abicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it ’ s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That ’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor ’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation ’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ___ ’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’ senergy supply, it ’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh suc as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US government Dis not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple whichwas not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____. A.digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____. A.worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author ofDeep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building ahabit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time andstick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptionsand get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this timelike Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Anotherapproach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-rein pd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goalsIn much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embracedowntime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy ”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary togetting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don ’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain ” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific dailyplansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the mostsuitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversationwith them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won ’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “ Just it out ”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won ’ t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple “ Hi ” , ” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “ Hi ”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “ h” , “ hello ” , “ how are you ” and going on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you ’ ll besurpristo see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation fromthat point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards fromthere you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading “policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

2018年考研英语(二）试题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word （s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty，according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 。

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested。

Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist？ Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty —seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room， the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced， this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter， says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances， for instance —but sometimes such_13_can backfire， the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however， in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。

2018年考研英语二真题与解答

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. ―Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education―have that stereotype ...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,‖ he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluinghe only thing the Americanof anything less –misses an important point: That’s not teconomy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek'sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of theclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable world’s energy supply, it’ssources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources goingon line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses t o fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message d id not play well with many in Iowa,electricity where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question ―what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage shine?‖　capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word ―plummeting‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physicalproduct at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’　friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, t he knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of changewithin the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of ―deep work‖,—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or journalistic‖ approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can taking a ―throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.constant interruptions Newport also recommends ― deep scheduling‖ to combatand get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, authorof Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such alist canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, ― be lazy.‖― Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable toparadoxically, necessary tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is,getting any work done, ‖he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused a nd unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.―What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain‖, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.and unfocused______.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focusedA. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the ―me too‖ｓF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new peopleat work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with themwill form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41.__________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within- this is something the mostly happens withyou says ―I want to talk with this person‖all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. Itfeels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get itout.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.do the best you can to gather all of theSo keep it simple: ―Hi‖, ―Hey‖ or ―Hello‖——enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say ―Hi‖．42.____________________the person that you want It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time withto talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of ―hi‖, ―hello‖, ―how are you‖going on?‖ you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the thingswhich you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation,from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward,you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy ontheir phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response ―I can MuSo when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after sometime you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like,the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks ―astronaut ‖　but quickly adds ―scientist ‖　to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore asmany career paths as he likes. And so he reads ——everything from encyclopaedias toscience fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a―no reading policy ‖ at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet ——not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.Gates say.―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,‖——Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name,use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

2018考研英语二真题及答案

2018考研英语二真题及答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously bepainful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study inPsychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 tosatisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsinschool of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort tosatisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimedwere from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 anelectric shock whenclicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were toldonly that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which oneswould shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew thatwould 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound offingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—itcan 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight thatcuriosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who wereencouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 tosee such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’scuriosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t readonline comments.1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve答案：D. resolve考点：词义辨析解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：Why do people read negative Internetcomments and do other things that will obviously be painful? 人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。

2018年考研英语二真题与答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. ―Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education―have that stereotype ...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,‖ he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluinghe only thing the Americanof anything less –misses an important point: That’s not teconomy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek'sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of theclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable world’s energy supply, it’ssources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources goingon line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses t o fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message d id not play well with many in Iowa,electricity where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question ―what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage shine?‖　capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word ―plummeting‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physicalproduct at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’　friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, t he knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of changewithin the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of ―deep work‖,—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or journalistic‖ approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can taking a ―throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.constant interruptions Newport also recommends ― deep scheduling‖ to combatand get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, authorof Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such alist canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, ― be lazy.‖― Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable toparadoxically, necessary tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is,getting any work done, ‖he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused a nd unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.―What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain‖, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.and unfocused______.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focusedA. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the ―me too‖ｓF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new peopleat work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with themwill form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41.__________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within- this is something the mostly happens withyou says ―I want to talk with this person‖all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. Itfeels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get itout.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.do the best you can to gather all of theSo keep it simple: ―Hi‖, ―Hey‖ or ―Hello‖——enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say ―Hi‖．42.____________________the person that you want It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time withto talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of ―hi‖, ―hello‖, ―how are you‖going on?‖ you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the thingswhich you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation,from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward,you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy ontheir phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response ―I can MuSo when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after sometime you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like,the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks ―astronaut ‖　but quickly adds ―scientist ‖　to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore asmany career paths as he likes. And so he reads ——everything from encyclopaedias toscience fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a―no reading policy ‖ at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet ——not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.Gates say.―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,‖——Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name,use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

2018年考研英语(二)试题答案解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案解析1.【答案】[A]【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网上的负面评论，并做一些明显会让人伤心的事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

[A]解决；[B]保护；[C]讨论；[D]忽视。

根据语境可知[A]项。

2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。

句意：人们会___满足自己的好奇心。

[A]拒绝；[B]等待；[C]寻求，力求；[D]后悔。

结合空格前三句及选项释义可知，[C]项符合文义。

3.【答案】[D]【解析】句意：新的研究发现，人们想要知道的欲望十分强烈，即使答案明显会_____，人们也会去满足自己的好奇心。

[A]提高，增长；[B]持续；[C]误导，使误信；[D]使伤心，感到疼痛。

根据语境及转折副词even可推知，此处应选[D]项。

4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查固定搭配。

句意：在连续的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生是否会为了满足好奇心而愿意让他们自己_____不愉快的刺激。

expose sb./oneself to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使面临，使遭受”，符合语境。

故选[C]项。

5.【答案】[B]【解析】根据文章第二段句首In a series of four experiments及该句后半部分a previous experiment可推知，该空处所缺词应为“实验”之意。

[A]信息；[B]实验；[C]复习；[D]观念。

故选[B]项。

6.【答案】[C]【解析】动宾搭配。

结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。

”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流。

[A]移除；[B]削弱；[C]传递；[D]打扰。

[A]项符合语境。

7.【答案】[D]【解析】考查时间状语。

句意：___被独自留在房间，学生会……”,这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。

选[D]项。

8.【答案】[A]【解析】动词辨析。

2018英语二真题与答案

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say “Hi”。

2018年管理类联考-英语真题+答案详解

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of ChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfycuriosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,e” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1.A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3.A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7.A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8.A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9.A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10.A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11.A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17.A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1.A resolve8. A happen15.A resist2.C seek9. B such as16.A predict3.D hurt10.D discover17.B choose4.C expose11.C food18.C outcome5.B trial12.D lead to19.A whether6.C deliver13.B inquiry20.D consequences7.D when14.A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions beloweach passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assemblinga bicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it’ s for kids who can’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students___’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’ s energy supply, it’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh sucas wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about theplummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China andEurope, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, hedismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft,and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their datacenters.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keeppower flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C. techgiants are investing in clean energy D. thereis a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsAppmessaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendshipsand social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would notlink phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when theusers of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Applewhich was not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-reinpd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests,“ be lazy”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about_______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose themost suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with anew person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that momentwill strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation withthem will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice“ Just it out”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won’ t talk with you. Well they arenot talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple“ Hi” ,” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say“ Hi”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“ h” ,“hello” ,“ how are you”andgoing on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it somemorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’ ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversationfrom that point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwardsfrom there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response“ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after sometime you may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor intheir wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading“policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案详解
Section I Use of English
命题分析：
本文介绍了好奇心给人们带来的负面影响。文章难度不大，常考的总分结构、词汇与搭配辨析和逻辑关系（指代、并列、转折、列举等）再次成为考点。部分段落里的长难句也在提醒考生要有基本的语法功底。另外，本文多次出现语义的重复，对解题也有极大的帮助。
芝加哥大学的奚恺元，即这篇论文的合著者，表示（10）探索的动力在人类体内根深蒂固，与对（11）食物或住处（shelter）的基本动力几乎相同。好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能（instinct）——例如，它能（12）带来新的科学进步——但有时候这种（13）探究可能会适得其反。好奇心会驱使你做（14）自我毁灭的事情，这种洞察力（insight）是真知灼见（a profound one）。
译文识词：
人们为什么浏览网络上的负面（negative）评论，并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢？根据《心理科学》上发表的一项最新研究可知，因为人们都有（1）解决不确定性的内在（inherent）需要。这项新研究揭示（reveal）：渴望了解的需求如此强烈以至于人们会（2）设法满足自己的好奇心（curiosity），即使答案很明显会（3）令人痛苦。
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4、【答案】[D]
【解析】固定搭配题。空格位于不定式符号 to 之后，与其后的 oneself to sth.构成动词短语；空格处动作的发出者是 students，上文表明人们为了满足好奇心，愿意去做令自己痛苦的事情，故答案为 D，表示为了满足好奇心而让自己接触令人不悦的刺激物。
11、【答案】[D]