管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析

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2020考研管理类联考英语二真题与解析(华是学院英语组)

2020考研管理类联考英语二真题与解析(华是学院英语组)

2020年管理类专业学位联考英语真题及解析(上海华是学院英语权威名师团队马红、王舒老师解析)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A.B.CCertainly,it's incredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your kids.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A.pleasant B.tricky C.tedious D.instructive2. A.at once B.in addition C.for example D.by accident3. A.Fortunately B.Occasionally C.Accordingly D.Eventually4. A.amuse B.train C.assist D.describe5. A.once B.because C.unless D.while6. A.choice B.answer C.task D.access7. A.formal B.tolerant C.rigid D.critical8. A.move B.send C.drag D.push9. A.inevitable B.illogical C.mysterious D.suspicious10. A.boring B.harsh C.naive D.vague11. A.turn back B.take apart C.set aside D.cover up12. A.Overall B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However13. A.believe B.regret C.miss D.like14. A.justify B.raise C.affect D.reflect15. A.bond B.time C.race D.cool16. A.nature B.secret C.context D.importance17. A.confronted B.defeated C.cheated D.confused18. A.strange B.terrible C.hard D.wrong19. A.exciting B.trying C.surprising D.changing20. A.withdraw B.hide C.emerge D.escape答案:1-5BCADD6-10CBDAB11-15ADBCD16-20DACBCSelectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings.Loleh Quinn at the University of California.San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial-for5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist.resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,.the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.”We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features.and put a scene on u to make it smell like a real rat.but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia.who helpedwith the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they arc fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too.”M says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_____________.A.pickup social signals from non-living ratsB.distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC.attain sociable traits through special trainingD.Send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?_____________.A.It followed the social robotB.It played with some toysC.It set the trapped rats freeD.It moved around alone23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________.A.tried to practice a means of escapeB.expected it to do the same in returnC.wanted to display their intelligenceD.considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats_________.A.can remember other rat’s facial featuresB.differentiate smells better than sizesC.respond more to cations than to looksD.can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats____________.A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB.are more socially active than other animalsC.behave differently from children in socializingD.are more sensitive to social cues than expected答案:A D B C D21题:第一段Loleh Quinn at the University of California.San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.测试机器老鼠发出的社交信号。

全国会计硕士管理类联考英语二真题及答案(4)

全国会计硕士管理类联考英语二真题及答案(4)

2011年全国管理类联考英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation‘s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。

mba英语二试题及答案

mba英语二试题及答案

mba英语二试题及答案一、阅读理解(共20分,每题4分)阅读下列短文,然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。

AIn recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged, leading to a significant increase in the demand for delivery services. Companies like Amazon and Alibaba have beeninvesting heavily in logistics to meet this demand. However, the growth of e-commerce has also raised concerns about the environmental impact of the delivery sector.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The growth of e-commerce.B) The demand for delivery services.C) The environmental impact of delivery services.D) Investment in logistics by major companies.2. According to the passage, what has led to the increase in demand for delivery services?A) The rise in popularity of online shopping.B) The expansion of logistics companies.C) The concern for environmental impact.D) The investment in delivery infrastructure.BThe role of technology in education is becoming increasinglysignificant. With the integration of digital tools and platforms, students can access a wealth of information and resources that were previously unavailable. This has the potential to enhance learning experiences and improve educational outcomes.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technology in education.B) The availability of digital resources for students.C) The potential impact of technology on learning.D) The history of digital tools in classrooms.4. What is the potential benefit of using technology in education according to the passage?A) It can save time for students.B) It can improve educational outcomes.C) It can reduce the cost of education.D) It can increase the number of resources available.二、完形填空(共20分,每题2分)阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

管理学英语2试题及答案

管理学英语2试题及答案

管理学英语2试题及答案一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a successful manager?A. Effective communication skillsB. Strong leadership qualitiesC. Inability to delegate tasksD. Ability to motivate a team2. The term "SWOT analysis" stands for:A. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, ThreatsB. Strategic, Weaknesses, Opportunities, TacticsC. Situational, Weaknesses, Opportunities, TacticsD. Specific, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats3. In a business context, "B2B" refers to:A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Society4. The process of setting goals and making plans to achieve them is known as:A. Strategic planningB. Operational planningC. Financial planningD. Human resource planning5. A company's "mission statement" typically includes:A. The company's long-term financial goalsB. The company's purpose and core valuesC. The company's market share targetsD. The company's product line6. Which of the following is an example of a financial ratio?A. Return on Investment (ROI)B. Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)C. Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E)D. All of the above7. The acronym "CEO" stands for:A. Chief Executive OfficerB. Chief Executive AssistantC. Chief Executive AnalystD. Chief Executive Accountant8. In project management, "PERT" is a method used for:A. Risk assessmentB. SchedulingC. Cost estimationD. Quality control9. The "5S" methodology is commonly used in:A. Financial managementB. Inventory managementC. Quality controlD. Workplace organization10. The "balanced scorecard" is a tool used for:A. Measuring financial performance onlyB. Evaluating a company's overall performanceC. Tracking daily salesD. Monitoring employee productivity二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)11. The acronym "HR" in business typically refers to ________.12. A ________ is a document that outlines the steps to be taken to achieve a project's goals.13. The process of identifying and solving problems is knownas ________.14. In marketing, "4Ps" stands for Product, Price, Place, and ________.15. The term "blue ocean strategy" refers to creating a new market space that is not in direct competition with existing________.16. A ________ is a person who is responsible for the overall financial health of a company.17. The "Theory X" and "Theory Y" were proposed by Douglas McGregor to describe different management styles regarding employee ________.18. The "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" is a psychologicaltheory that explains human motivation in terms of a hierarchy of ________ needs.19. In business, "outsourcing" refers to the practice ofhiring another company to perform ________ that were traditionally performed in-house.20. The "Porter's Five Forces" model is used to analyze the competitive forces within an ________.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)21. Explain the concept of "corporate social responsibility" (CSR).22. What are the key components of a strategic plan?23. Describe the role of a project manager in a business setting.24. Discuss the importance of effective communication in a team environment.四、案例分析题(每题10分,共20分)25. Case Study: ABC Company is facing a decrease in sales. The management team is considering various strategies to improve the situation. Analyze the situation and suggest possible strategies based on the SWOT analysis.26. Case Study: XYZ Corporation has recently implemented a new performance management system. Describe the potential benefits and challenges of such a system and how it can impact employee motivation and performance.五、论述题(每题15分,共30分)27. Discuss the impact of globalization on management practices and how companies can adapt to this changing landscape.28. Elaborate on the concept of "emotional intelligence" in leadership and its significance in today's business world.六、答案一、选择题答案1. C2. A3. A4. A5. B6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. B二、填空题答案11. Human Resources12. Project Plan13. Problem-solving14. Promotion15. Competition16. CFO (Chief Financial Officer)17. Motivation18. Basic19. Tasks20. Industry。

mba英语2试题及答案

mba英语2试题及答案

mba英语2试题及答案MBA英语2试题及答案一、阅读理解(共20分,每题5分)阅读下列短文,然后根据短文内容回答问题。

AIn the past few years, the popularity of online shopping has surged dramatically. This trend has been driven by the convenience and variety of products available online. However, with the growth of e-commerce, there has also been anincrease in the number of online scams. Consumers need to be aware of the potential risks and take precautions to protect themselves.1. What has been the main reason for the rise in online shopping?A) The variety of products.B) The convenience of shopping.C) The increase in online scams.D) The growth of e-commerce.2. What does the passage suggest consumers should do?A) Stop shopping online.B) Be aware of the risks.C) Ignore the convenience.D) Increase their spending.BThe concept of a smart city is becoming increasingly prevalent. A smart city uses technology to improve thequality of life for its residents. This includes the use of sensors and data analysis to monitor and manage public utilities, transportation, and services. The goal is to create a more efficient and sustainable urban environment.3. What is the main focus of a smart city?A) Improving the quality of life.B) Increasing the population.C) Expanding the city's size.D) Reducing the use of technology.4. What is one way that a smart city can achieve its goals?A) By reducing public utilities.B) By using technology to manage services.C) By ignoring data analysis.D) By limiting transportation options.二、完形填空(共15分,每题3分)阅读下面的短文,从括号内所给的选项中选出最佳选项填空。

管理类联考英语真题翻译答案2022年

管理类联考英语真题翻译答案2022年

治理类联考英语〔二〕翻译真题及答案2023 翻译Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has。

This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route。

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it shorter。

《英语(二)》考研真题

《英语(二)》考研真题

管理类专业学位全国联考英语(二)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, BC or D onANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 .Weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training regimen. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in weight 7 alerting your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2.A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3.A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4.A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5.A. set B. review C. reach D. modify6.A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7.A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8.A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9.A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10.A. though B. again C. indeed D. instead11.A. track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12.A. approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13.A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14.A. features B. rules C. tests D. results15.A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16.A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17.A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18.A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19.A. because B. unless C. until D. if20A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeplyuncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation.“That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A.foster a child's moral developmentB.regulate a child’s basic emotionsC.improve a child's intellectual abilityD.intensity a child’s positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be .A.inexcusableB.deceptionC.addictiveD.burdensome23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A.emotions are context-independentB.an emotion can play opposing rolesC.emotions are socially constrictiveD.emotional stability can benefit health24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to .A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees arealso better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed fromthe proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focu sed on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26.B y saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies thatA.global climate change may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks”, we may need toA.preserve the diversity of species in themB.accelerate the growth of young treesC.strike a balance among different plantsD.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors toA.cultivate more drought-resistant treesB.reduce the density of some of its forestsC.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can be d escribed asA.ambiguousB.tolerantC.supportiveD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along: Native U.S, workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn't the answer, either-not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they're automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 201I to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process iscumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more thana decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.C.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce isA.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the aging of immigrant farm workersD.the lack of experienced laborers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A.To get native U.S. workers back to farming.B.To attract younger laborers to farm work.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for famers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA.control of annual admissionsB.limit on duration of stayC.tightened requirementsD.slow granting procedures35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A.Import Food or Labor?B.U.S. Agriculture in Decline?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day -- encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever prog ressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions -- a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority -- or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single- use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things int o perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polices that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video toA.demand new laws on the use of plasticsB.urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC.invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA.mislead us into doing worthless thingsB.prevent us from making further effortsC.weaken our sense of accomplishmentD.suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates that.A.our focus should be shifted to community welfareB.our relationship with local industries is improvingC.we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD.we should press our governments to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA.a win-win arrangementB.a self-driven mechanismC.a cost-effective approachD.a top-down process40.The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB.are far from sufficientC.can be too inconsistentD.are far from rationalReading the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand a backyard.That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as there weren't many three bedroom apartments on the North Side -- where the family was looking -- that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4-and 6-year-old‘s request. “We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was strange that many of them didn't even now if there was outdoor space, so they'd bring us to an apartment, we'd see that it didn't have a yard, and we'd move on," said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children's opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said.Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home -- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York and author of the upcoming children's book Home," about the search for the perfect home from the viewpoint of a child.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home -- or asking them where their toys would go in the house -- will make them feel like they're being included in the decision- making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic homepurchase.She has a client who has been house-hunting for a while, and he always asks his young children their opinion. But when this buyer finally decided to write an offer on a home with a pool, his children burst into tears because they didn't want a pool.They ended up not submitting an offer," Hampson said.” So speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”The other issue is that many children -- especially older ones -- may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, which tend to focus on superficial aspects of real estate, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said. HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. With that mindset change comes some serious money consequences."Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said. And while their opinions on those elements shouldn't reign supreme, the home buying process could be a time to start talking to kids about money, budgeting, homeownership and other financial decisions.“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Garner said "as harsh a s it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best – and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Today, wannabe homebuyers have to be more open when it comes to must-haves and what you can compromise on, Hampson said.And speaking of compromise: The McClain kids, hungry for outdoor space, fell in love with a home in the North Park neighborhood that had a large yard. But it wasn’t ideal by their parents’ standards.The family ended up renting a house in North Center that had a smalleryard, but it was still big enough for playtime.I had to do a bit of a sales job with the kids since they loved the yard in North Park," McClain said. But there's a hammock they lounge on, a spot to jump rope, a place to play in the. sprinkler, and an area to write with sidewalkchalk."Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he pu t it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to theworld was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A46.Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the city traffic. Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2)tell him about your arrangement.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)参考答案1.C2.D3.A4.A5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B 10.D11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.A26.D 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C31.B 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.A36.B 37.B 38.D 39.D 40.B41.D 42.G 43.F 44.C 45.B46.答案:人们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。

2021年全国管理类联考真题-英语卷-答案及详解

2021年全国管理类联考真题-英语卷-答案及详解

2021考研英语(二)答案解析英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)I's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, __1___to understand their negative consequences. Most word-related behaviors have multiple components. __2_one and others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll ___3___see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are there inspectors to___4___ that people have paid? Possibly,but very few. And People who run for the bus? They are __5__.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently a cyclists. why? Because the target is___6___.People complained that buses were late and infrequent.__7__,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were __8__or punished according to the time they took ,And drivers hit their targets. But they__9__hit cyclists.If the Target was changed to__10___, youwould have m ore inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more__11___drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would beat the expense of time .There is another___12___: people become immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you ___13___ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the a ___14___ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The ___15___ of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well ___16___ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 .Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria ___18___ critical factors such as time, money,quality and customer feedback. The trick is not to ___19___ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better ___20___ the objective.1.A. however B. again C. moreover D. therefore2. A. Identify B. Assess C. Explain D. Emphasize3. A. curiously B. eagerly C. quickly D. nearly4.A. prove B check C. recall D. claim5. A threatened B. mocked C. blamed D .ignored6.A. hospitality B. competition C. innovation D. punctuality7. A. So B. Besides C. Still D. Yet8. A. trained B. rewarded C. grouped D. hired9. A. rather B. once C. also D. only10.A. revenue B. efficiency C. security D. comfort11.A. quiet B .cautious C. diligent D. friendly12. A problem B. prejudice C. policy D. purpose13. A. revealed B. admitted C. noticed D .reported14. A. trip B. departure C .transfer D. break15. A. background B. style C. form D. moral16. A. criticize B. sacrifice C. tolerate D. interpret17. A. secret B. product C. cost D. task18. A. calling for B .leading to C. accounting for D. relating to19. A predict B. restore C. create D. specify20. A. review B. present C. achieve D .modify【参考答案】红色为答案,时间比较紧,有争议的答案可以加微信:沟通zkjx2017 谢谢【答案解析】1.【答案】A however【解析】此题考查上下句逻辑关系,前句说为工作人员设定目标不难,正向情感色彩,后句说,理解其负面后果是更难的,负向情感,表转折,选however。

2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)

2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)

2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifit's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other lifechanges also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.It's important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able tomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognize when you'refeeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when you're _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-m inded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretfu l20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.Butpeople can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they'rejust seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."We're talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformativetechnologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such 'tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means thatgeographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdon't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce people's workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisisbecause of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters ofScottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernment's inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producers'motive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmers'unwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time totumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician'sadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."There's not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and floodcontrol throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that theEPA's involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue erabharvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they 're going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having anuncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet program assistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Students'determination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthlyevents,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the area's agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味,摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪,人们友好地聊天,农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。

管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析审批稿

管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析审批稿

管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight aresometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590mThis is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privi leged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re ho t stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of them selves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberati on”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enh ancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idea lized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusionsword “Viscerally”(Line 2, is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is thatTo some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by %.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £ programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

2024管理类联考英语二解析

2024管理类联考英语二解析

2024管理类联考英语二解析一、分析题型1. 阅读理解题阅读理解题是考察考生对于给定文章内容的理解能力,包括文章主旨、细节信息、推理判断、作者观点等方面。

2. 完形填空题完形填空题考察考生对于语境和语法的掌握能力,包括选词适用、逻辑连贯、语境搭配等方面。

3. 短文改错题短文改错题考察考生对于语法知识和语境运用的能力,包括对于单词拼写、语法错误、语境搭配等方面的掌握。

4. 作文作文题主要考察考生的写作表达能力和逻辑思维能力,包括对于所给主题的深刻理解和清晰表达。

二、备考策略1. 阅读理解题备考策略在备考阅读理解题时,需要注重对于英文文章的阅读能力,切忌死记硬背,而要通过大量阅读提升对于文章的理解能力和推理判断能力。

可以通过阅读模拟题和真题来提高解题速度和正确率。

2. 完形填空题备考策略完形填空题需要考生对于英文语境和语法的灵活运用,因此需要通过大量的练习来提高相关技能,同时也可以通过词汇积累和语法学习来提高对于单词和句子的理解和运用能力。

3. 短文改错题备考策略对于短文改错题,考生需要熟悉常见的语法错误和单词拼写错误,通过大量的练习来提高对于语法和拼写的敏感度,避免在考试中犯类似的错误。

4. 作文备考策略作文备考需要考生注重对于作文结构和逻辑思维的培养,可以通过背诵范文和写作练习来提高写作能力,同时也要注重对于所给主题的深入理解和清晰表达。

三、解题技巧1. 阅读理解题解题技巧解答阅读理解题时,要注重找到文章的主旨和关键信息,同时也需要对于文章的细节信息和推理判断进行仔细分析和思考,不要被干扰选项所迷惑。

2. 完形填空题解题技巧在解答完形填空题时,要注重上下文的逻辑连贯和词语的语境搭配,同时也要考虑整篇文章的主题和脉络,尽量选择与文章整体语境相符合的选项。

3. 短文改错题解题技巧在解答短文改错题时,要对文章的语法和单词拼写进行仔细分析和比对,避免因为马虎而错失分数,同时也要注意句子的逻辑关系和语境搭配。

管理类综合能力 英语二

管理类综合能力 英语二

管理类综合能力英语二英文回答:1. What are the core competencies of a successful manager?Effective managers possess a multifaceted array of core competencies that enable them to excel in their leadership roles. These essential skills encompass:Strategic Vision and Planning: The ability to develop and implement long-term strategies that align with organizational goals and anticipate future trends.Communication and Interpersonal Skills: Exceptional communication and interpersonal abilities, including active listening, clear articulation, and fostering positive relationships.Decision-Making and Problem-Solving: Sound judgment,analytical thinking, and the capacity to make timely and effective decisions in complex situations.Motivation and Leadership: Inspiring and motivating teams, building consensus, and fostering a culture of innovation and excellence.Emotional Intelligence: The ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and those of others, creating a positive and productive work environment.Change Management: Navigating and embracing organizational change effectively, minimizing disruptions and capitalizing on opportunities.Collaboration and Team Building: Fostering a collaborative environment, valuing diverse perspectives, and empowering teams to achieve shared objectives.Continuous Learning and Development: Embracing ongoing professional development, seeking opportunities to enhance skills and knowledge.2. How can managers develop and enhance these competencies?Managers can cultivate and refine their core competencies through a combination of formal training, practical experience, and self-reflection:Training and Development Programs: Participating in workshops, seminars, and certification programs tailored to specific competency areas.On-the-Job Learning: Assuming challenging roles with increasing responsibilities, providing opportunities for hands-on application of skills.Mentorship and Coaching: Seeking guidance and support from experienced managers who serve as mentors or coaches, offering valuable insights and feedback.Self-Assessment and Feedback: Regularly evaluatingone's own strengths and areas for improvement, solicitingfeedback from colleagues and supervisors.Action Planning: Developing and implementing targeted action plans to address specific areas for growth and development.3. What are the benefits of developing strong management competencies?Investing in the development of strong management competencies yields numerous benefits for both individuals and organizations:Increased Organizational Effectiveness: Managers with advanced competencies are better equipped to drive organizational success, enhance productivity, and achieve desired outcomes.Enhanced Employee Engagement: Effective managers create positive and motivating workplaces, fostering employee engagement and job satisfaction.Improved Decision-Making: Competent managers makewell-informed decisions, minimize risks, and optimize organizational performance.Career Advancement: Managers with strong competencies are highly sought after and have greater opportunities for career growth.Personal Growth and Fulfillment: Developing management competencies fosters personal growth, enhances confidence, and leads to greater job satisfaction.中文回答:1. 成功管理者的核心能力是什么?优秀的管理者拥有多方面的核心能力,使他们能够在领导角色中脱颖而出。

管理英语二试题及答案

管理英语二试题及答案

管理英语二试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The project is expected to be completed by the end of next month, which will ________.A) accelerate the company's growthB) decelerate the company's progressC) have no impact on the company's performanceD) delay the company's expansion答案:A2. The company's new strategy focuses on ________.A) reducing costsB) increasing revenueC) diversifying the product lineD) all of the above答案:D3. The term "synergy" in management refers to the conceptthat ________.A) the whole is greater than the sum of its partsB) each part works independentlyC) the whole is less than the sum of its partsD) the parts have no effect on each other答案:A4. A SWOT analysis is used to identify ________.A) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsB) sales, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsC) strengths, weaknesses, objectives, and threatsD) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and targets答案:A5. In a matrix organizational structure, employees typically report to ________.A) one managerB) two or more managersC) a team leaderD) a project coordinator答案:B6. The process of defining the problem, setting objectives, developing alternatives, and selecting the best option is known as ________.A) decision-makingB) problem-solvingC) strategic planningD) risk assessment答案:A7. Which of the following is not a component of the marketing mix?A) ProductB) PriceC) PlaceD) Process答案:D8. A company's competitive advantage is often based on its ability to ________.A) lower pricesB) innovateC) increase advertisingD) outsource production答案:B9. The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management tool that helps organizations to ________.A) reduce costsB) measure performanceC) increase market shareD) improve employee morale答案:B10. In the context of business, "stakeholders" refers to________.A) the company's shareholdersB) anyone with an interest in the activities of the organizationC) the company's employeesD) the company's management team答案:B二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)11. The process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating risk is known as ________.答案:risk management12. A ________ chart is a type of bar chart that shows data over time.答案:line13. The ________ of a product refers to the features that make it unique and desirable to consumers.答案:differentiation14. In management, the term "empowerment" means giving employees the authority to make decisions within their area of responsibility without constant supervision.答案:autonomy15. A ________ is a formal document that outlines the goals, strategies, and tactics to achieve those goals.答案:business plan16. The ________ approach to management involves setting clear goals and providing employees with the resources and freedom to achieve them.答案:results-oriented17. A ________ is a type of organizational culture that emphasizes collaboration, innovation, and flexibility.答案:learning organization18. The ________ is the process of identifying the most effective means of using limited resources to achieve thebest outcome.答案:planning19. The ________ of a company refers to its overallreputation and public image.答案:brand20. The ________ is the process of identifying, attracting, selecting, and appointing suitable candidates for jobs within an organization.答案:recruitment三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)21. What are the four main functions of management?答案:The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.22. Explain the concept of "corporate social responsibility" (CSR).答案:Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's commitment to conducting its business in an ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible manner. It involves considering the impact of business operations on the community, the environment, and stakeholders, and taking actions that benefit society at large.23. What is meant by "dual pricing" in the context ofinternational trade?答案:Dual pricing refers to the practice of charging different prices for the same product or service in different markets, often。

2023研究生英语二真题试卷

2023研究生英语二真题试卷

2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you’re making a nice, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees. Working in the departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,a growth team and sparked the kind of perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently the premium version to users of the free version. , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for theof these goals.This growth leader is also for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t the current goal and need to depend on the back burner.1.[A] purchase [B] profit[C] connection [D] bet2.[A] define [B] predict[C] prioritize [D] appreciate3.[A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially4.[A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example5.[A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional[D] traditional6.[A] rumour[B] secret [C] myth [D] problem7.[A] despite [B] unlike [C] through[D] besides8.[A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore[D] again9.[A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10.[A] cultural [B] objective[C] fresh[D] personal11.[A] end [B] burden [C] lack ( of ) [D] decrease12.[A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose[D] insight13.[A] contributing [B] allocating[C] promoting [D] transferring14.[A] As a result[B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] ln a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow[D] choose16.[A] share[B] identify[C] divide[D] broaden17.[A] announcement[B] assessment [C] adjustment[D]accomplishment18.[A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D] respectable19.[A] Before[B] Once [C] While[D] Unless20.[A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize[D] alterSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawns, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut -- and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions have now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsen Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which norms the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne of the RHS said: we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problem fake grass cause. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there’s also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of £500 trees or shrouds for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass_____.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’ _____.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out_____.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass_______.[A] is being improved continuously[B] has seen a market share decline[C] is becoming increasingly affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and businesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. An economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers fund that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure that parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of responders said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts tenth national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive education programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places of life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are us national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of campground may_____.[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visitors to parks28. According to paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would_____.[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks’ recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they_____.[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for the locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_____.[A] is able to cope with staff shortages[B] is able to meet visitor’ demands[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn’t remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet. “I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. “It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don’t know.”31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will_____.[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of “cognitive offloading” _____.[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burden33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our learning approach[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that_____.[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus declines with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 child and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increased as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like selfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenager behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity”. Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs “reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the conch.36. According to paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to_____.[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of their past[D] show affection for their parents37. It can be learned from paragraph 2 that Crone’s study______.[A] explores teenagers’ social responsibilities[B] examines teenagers’ emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlights negative adolescence behavior38. What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate.[B] It is cultivated through education.[C] It is subject to family influence.[D] It tends to peak in adolescence.39. It can be learned from last two paragraph that teenagers______.[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavour to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] Why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] Why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for Brian Berry small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an in creased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more, ” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest cha nges relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”The changes could mean an extra £3,000 added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers, a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease, as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects, says external walls will need to be about 7cm thicker than previously.Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of My Job Quote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As properties become more airtight, there are also measures to ensure proper airflow, such as having small openings (trickle vents) on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.For people extending their homes, they may be required to install a new, or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build, says Belsham. These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat, which will require increased insulation of pipes.“We’ll see more insulation, better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas. But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain, and so ventilation is also covered, ” says Rolande.“As a result, double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and, of course, to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property. ”As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline, according to Belsham. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills.But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership, ” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs. ”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the ne w requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says.However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over tim e.”Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your friend David asks you which one he should go to. Write him an email to1) make a suggestion, and2) give your reason(s)Do not use your own name in your email, use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) heath literacy 健康素养。

204英语二199管理类联考综合

204英语二199管理类联考综合

204英语二199管理类联考综合204题是一道英语二写作题目,适用于管理类联考,考察的是综合应用能力。

题目:请你就“如何有效管理团队”这一话题,写一篇短文。

内容应包括以下几点:(1)建立明确的目标和职责分工(2)建立良好的沟通机制(3)鼓励团队协作和信任(4)激励团队成员的创造力和积极性(5)及时评估团队成员的表现,并给予反馈(6)调整团队结构和管理方式。

如何有效管理团队Managing a team effectively is essential for achieving success in any organization. In order to accomplish this, there are several key strategies that should be implemented.First and foremost, it is crucial to establish clear goals and delegate responsibilities. When team members know exactly what they are working towards and understand their individual roles, they are more likely to be motivated and productive. Therefore, setting realistic and measurable objectives can provide a sense of direction and purpose for the entire team.Furthermore, establishing effective communication mechanisms is vital. Regular team meetings and open lines of communication ensure that everyone is on the same page and aware of any changes or updates. Encouraging an environment where team members feel comfortable discussing ideas and concerns can lead to more effective problem-solving and collaboration.In addition, fostering teamwork and trust within the team is essential. Encouraging team members to work together, share knowledge and support one another's growth can lead to increased engagement and productivity. Developing a culture of trust and respect can also enhance collaboration and create a positive work environment.Another important aspect of team management is motivating team members and fostering their creativity and initiative. Recognizing and rewarding individual and team accomplishments can boost morale and inspire continued effort. Additionally, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth can help individuals develop their skills and contribute to the overall success of the team.Moreover, it is crucial to regularly assess team members' performances and provide feedback. This can help identify areas for improvement and allow for timely recognition of achievements. Constructive feedback and coaching can motivate individuals to strive for excellence and continuously improve.Lastly, it is important to be flexible and adapt the team structure and management approach as needed. Changes in the organization or market conditions may require adjustments to roles, responsibilities, or processes. Effective team management involves being adaptable and responsive to changes in order to ensure the team's success.In conclusion, managing a team effectively requires clear goal-setting, open communication, teamwork and trust, motivation, regular assessment and feedback, and adaptability. By implementing these strategies, leaders can create a cohesive and high-performing team that is capable of achieving success.。

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2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the au thors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has lef t much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evi dence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is aself-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intelle ct and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusionsword “Viscerally”(Line 2, is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housingstock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by %.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best ofthings that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matte r.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

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