2015湖北卷高考理综试题及答案或解析下载_2015高考真题抢先版

合集下载

2015年高考理综化学试题与参考答案(课标全国乙卷)

2015年高考理综化学试题（新课程全国乙卷）使用地区：山西、江西、河南、河北、湖南、湖北、陕西可能用到的相对原子质量：H −1 C −12 N −14 O −16 Cl−35.5 K−39Cr−52 Fe−56 Cu−64 Br−80 Ag−108 I−127第Ⅰ卷(选择题共42分)一、选择题（本大题共7小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）7．我国清代《本草纲目拾遗》中记叙无机药物335种，其中“强水”条目下写道：“性最烈，能蚀五金⋯⋯其水甚强，五金八石皆能穿滴，惟玻璃可盛。

”这里的“强水”是指（）A．氨水B．硝酸C．醋D．卤水8．N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值。

下列说法正确的是（）A．18g D2O和18g H2O中含有的质子数均为10N AB．2 L 0.5mol•L−1亚硫酸溶液中含有的H+离子数为2N AC．过氧化钠与水反应时，生成0.1mol氧气转移的电子数为0.2N AD．密闭容器中2mol NO与1mol O2充分反应，产物的分子数为2N A9．乌洛托品在合成、医药、染料等工业中有广泛用途，其结构式如图所示。

将甲醛水溶液与氨水混合蒸发可制得乌洛托品。

若原料完全反应生成乌洛托品，则甲醛与氨的物质的量之比应为（）A．1﹕1 B．2﹕3 C．3﹕2 D．2﹕1电能的装置，其工作原理如图所示。

下列有关微生物电池的说法错误的是（）A．正极反应中有CO2生成B．微生物促进了反应中电子的转移C．质子通过交换膜从负极区移向正极区D．电池总反应为C6H12O6 +6O2= 6CO2 +6H2O12．W、X、Y、Z均为短周期元素，原子序数依次增加，且原子核外L电子层的电子数分别为0、5、8、8，它们的最外层电子数之和为18。

下列说法正确的是（）A．单质的沸点：W>XB．阴离子的还原性：W>ZC ．氧化物的水化物的酸性：Y<ZD ．X 与Y 不能存在于同一离子化合物中 13．浓度均为0.10 mol•L −1、体积均为V 0的MOH 和ROH 溶液，分别加水稀释至体积V ，pH 随0lg VV 的变化如图所示，下列叙述错误的是（）A ．MOH 的碱性强于ROH 的碱性B ．ROH 的电离程度：b 点大于a 点C ．若两溶液无限稀释，则它们的c (OH −)相等D ．当0lg VV =2时，若两溶液同时升高温度，则(M )(R )++c c 增大第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题共58分)二、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分。

2015年高考理综全国2卷试题及答案详解(试题与答案分开)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（全国2）可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Na 23 AI 27 P 31 S 32 CL 35.5 Ca 40 Fe 56 Zn 65 Br 80第I卷一．选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1.将三组生理状态相通的某种植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶下，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。

培养条件及实验结果见下表：下列分析正确的是A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收B.该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关C.氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATPD.与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收2.端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒子上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒子DNA 的一条链。

下列叙述正确的是A.大肠杆菌拟核的DNA中含有端粒B.端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶C.正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNAD.正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长3.下列过程中不属于胞吐作用的是A.浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的作用B. mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程C.分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程D.突触小泡中的神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程4.下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误．．的是A.生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分B.生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失C.生态系统持续相对稳定离不开信息传递D.负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定5.下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是A.抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌B.抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同C. Rous肉瘤病毒不是致瘤因子，与人的细胞癌变无关D.人感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关6.下列关于人类猫叫综合征的叙述，正确的是A.该病是由于特定的染色体片段缺失造成的B.该病是由于特定染色体的数目增加造成的C.该病是由于染色体组数目成倍增加选成的D.该病是由于染色体中增加某一片段引起的7.食品千操剂应无毒、无味、无腐蚀性及环境友好。

2015年全国高考英语湖北卷(附答案)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语本试题卷共16页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1. 答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3. 完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place22. He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A.emotionB.talentC.indentityD.treasure23.The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A.faceB.preventC.raiseD.analyze24.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that smoeone was moving about upstairs.A.whisperB.signalC.declareplain25.There is no doubt that this cand idate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.A.leaves outB.goes againstC.lies inD.makes up26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.A.stand outB.break upC.get outD.turn up27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.A.accurateB.punctualC.efficientD.reasonable28.I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are dis cussing . He has missed the point.A.faithfulB.parallelC.relevantD.similar29.The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.A.graduallyuallyC.previouslyD.merely30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in advanceB.in detailC. in totalD.in general第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2015年高考湖北理科综合试题及答案-(word版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试生物（湖北卷）一、选择题（每小题6分）1、蓝细菌（蓝藻）与酵母菌的相同之处是A、都有拟核B、均能进行需（有）氧呼吸C、都有线粒体D、均能进行光合作用2、在我国北方，游泳爱好者冬泳入水后，身体立即发生一系列生理反应，以维持体温稳定。

此时，机体不会发生的反应是A、兴奋中枢神经系统，加强肌肉收缩B、通过反射活动引起皮肤毛细血管收缩C、通过神经减少汗腺分泌D、抑制垂体活动导致甲状腺激素分泌减少3、比较生物膜和人工膜（双层磷脂）对多种物质的通透性，结果如右图。

据此，不能得出的推论是A、生物膜上存在着协助H2O通过的物质B、生物膜对K+、Na+、Cl—的通透具有选择性C、离子以易化（协助）扩散方式通过人工膜D、分子的大小影响其通过人工膜的扩散速率4、为控制野兔种群数量，澳洲引入一种主要由蚊子传播的兔病毒。

引入初期强毒性病毒比例最高，兔被强毒性病毒后很快死亡，致兔种群数量大幅下降。

兔被中毒性病毒感染后，可存活一段时间。

几年后中毒性病毒比例最高，兔种群数量维持在低水平。

由此，无法推断出A、病毒感染对兔种群的抗性具有选择作用B、毒性过强不利于病毒与兔的寄生关系C、中毒性病毒比例升高时因为兔康病毒能力下降所致D、蚊子在病毒和兔之间的协同（共同）进化过程中发挥了作用5、在25 0C的实验条件下可顺利完成的是A、光合色素的提取与分离B、用菲林（本尼迪特）试剂鉴定还原糖C、大鼠神经细胞的培养D、制备用于植物组织培养的固体培养基二、作答题29、（18分）为研究赤霉素（GA3）和生长素（IAA）对植物生长的影响，切取菟丝子茎顶端2.5cm长的部分（茎芽），置于培养液中无菌培养（图1）。

实验分为A、B、C三组，分别培养至第1、8、15天，每组再用适宜浓度的激素处理30天，测量茎芽长度，结果见图2。

（1）植物激素是植物细胞之间传递__________的分子。

（2）本实验中，试管用滤膜封口是为了在不影响_________通过的情况下，起到________作用。

2015年高考英语湖北卷(含详细答案)

英语试卷第1页（共34页）英语试卷第2页（共34页）绝密★启用前 2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语本试题卷共12页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3. 完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C 。

1. What does Tom plan to do next week? A. To make a robot. B. To enter a competition.C. To surprise the woman. 2. What’s the woman ?A. A waitress.B. A tour guide.C. A saleswoman.3. What is the woman’s problem ? A. She forgot her seat number.B. She got on the wrong train.C. She lost her train ticket.4. Why has the man stopped exercising? A. He is busy moving house. B. He lives far away from the gym. C. He dislikes going to the gym alone.5. How is Janet probably feeling now? A. Disappointed. B. Confused.C. Stressed.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学理试题(湖北卷,含答案)

绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数学（理工类）本试题卷共6页，22题，其中第15、16题为选考题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1．答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．填空题和解答题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑，再在答题卡上对应的答题区域内答题。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

5．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．i为虚数单位，607i的共轭复数为A．i B．i-C．1 D．1-2．我国古代数学名著《数书九章》有“米谷粒分”题：粮仓开仓收粮，有人送来米1534 石，验得米内夹谷，抽样取米一把，数得254粒内夹谷28粒，则这批米内夹谷约为A．134石B．169石C．338石 D．1365石3．已知(1)nx+的展开式中第4项与第8项的二项式系数相等，则奇数项的二项式系数和为A．122B．112C．102D．924．设211~(,)X N μσ，222~(,)Y N μσ，这两个正态分布密度曲线如图所示．下列结论中正确的是A ．21()()P Y P Y μμ≥≥≥B ．21()()P X P X σσ≤≤≤C ．对任意正数t ，()()P X t P Y t ≤≥≤D ．对任意正数t ，()()P X t P Y t ≥≥≥5．设12,,,n a a a ∈R ，3n ≥. 若p ：12,,,n a a a 成等比数列；q ：22222221212312231()()()n n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a --++++++=+++，则A ．p 是q 的充分条件，但不是q 的必要条件B ．p 是q 的必要条件，但不是q 的充分条件C ．p 是q 的充分必要条件D ．p 既不是q 的充分条件，也不是q 的必要条件6．已知符号函数1,0,sgn 0,0,1,0.x x x x >⎧⎪==⎨⎪-<⎩()f x 是R 上的增函数，()()()(1)g x f x f ax a =->，则A ．sgn[()]sgn g x x =B ．sgn[()]sgn g x x =-C ．sgn[()]sgn[()]g x f x =D ．sgn[()]sgn[()]g x f x =-7．在区间[0,1]上随机取两个数,x y ，记1p 为事件“12x y +≥”的概率，2p 为事件“1||2x y -≤”的概率，3p 为事件“12xy ≤”的概率，则 A ．123p p p << B ．231p p p << C ．312p p p <<D ．321p p p <<8．将离心率为1e 的双曲线1C 的实半轴长a 和虚半轴长()b a b ≠同时增加(0)m m >个单位长度，得到离心率为2e 的双曲线2C ，则 A ．对任意的,a b ，12e e > B ．当a b >时，12e e >；当a b <时，12e e < C ．对任意的,a b ，12e e <D ．当a b >时，12e e <；当a b <时，12e e >第4题图9．已知集合22{(,)1,,}A x y x y x y =+≤∈Z ，{(,)||2,||2,,}B x y x y x y =≤≤∈Z ，定义集合12121122{(,)(,),(,)}A B x x y y x y A x y B ⊕=++∈∈，则A B ⊕中元素的个数为A ．77B ．49C ．45D ．3010．设x ∈R ，[]x 表示不超过x 的最大整数. 若存在实数t ，使得[]1t =，2[]2t =，…，[]n t n = 同时成立，则正整数n 的最大值是A ．3B ．4C ．5D ．6二、填空题：本大题共6小题，考生需作答5小题，每小题5分，共25分．请将答案填在答题卡对应题号的位置上．答错位置，书写不清，模棱两可均不得分．（一）必考题（11—14题）11．已知向量OA AB ⊥，||3OA =，则OA OB ⋅= ．12．函数2π()4cos cos()2sin |ln(1)|22x f x x x x =---+的零点个数为．13．如图，一辆汽车在一条水平的公路上向正西行驶，到A 处时测得公路北侧一山顶D 在西偏北30的方向上，行驶600m 后到达B 处，测得此山顶在西偏北75的方向上，仰角为30，则此山的高度CD = m.14．如图，圆C 与x 轴相切于点(1,0)T ，与y 轴正半轴交于两点,A B （B 在A 的上方），且2AB =．（Ⅰ）圆C 的标准方程为；（Ⅱ）过点A 任作一条直线与圆22:1O x y +=相交于,M N 两点，下列三个结论： ①NAMA NBMB=； ②2NBMA NAMB-=；③NBMA NAMB+=．其中正确结论的序号是 . （写出所有正确结论的序号）（二）选考题（请考生在第15、16两题中任选一题作答，请先在答题卡指定位置将你所选的题目序号后的方框用2B 铅笔涂黑．如果全选，则按第15题作答结果计分．） 15．（选修4-1：几何证明选讲）第13题图ABAPBC如图，PA 是圆的切线，A 为切点，PBC 是圆的割线，且3BC PB =，则ABAC =.16．（选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程）在直角坐标系xOy 中，以O 为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系. 已知直线l 的极坐标方程为(sin 3cos )0ρθθ-=，曲线C 的参数方程为1,1x t t y t t ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=+⎪⎩ ( t 为参数) ，l 与C 相交于A ,B 两点，则||AB = .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．17．（本小题满分11分）某同学用“五点法”画函数π()sin()(0,||)2f x A x ωϕωϕ=+><在某一个周期内的图象时，列表并填入了部分数据，如下表：（Ⅰ）请将上表数据补充完整，填写在答题卡上相应位置，并直接写出函数()f x 的解析式；（Ⅱ）将()y f x =图象上所有点向左平行移动θ(0)θ>个单位长度，得到()y g x =的图象. 若()y g x =图象的一个对称中心为5π(,0)12，求θ的最小值.18．（本小题满分12分）设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，前n 项和为n S ，等比数列{}n b 的公比为q ．已知11b a =，22b =，q d =，10100S =．（Ⅰ）求数列{}n a ，{}n b 的通项公式；（Ⅱ）当1d >时，记nn na cb =，求数列{}n c 的前n 项和n T ．19．（本小题满分12分）《九章算术》中，将底面为长方形且有一条侧棱与底面垂直的四棱锥称之为阳马，将四个面都为直角三角形的四面体称之为鳖臑．如图，在阳马P ABCD -中，侧棱PD ⊥底面ABCD ，且PD CD =，过棱PC 的中点E ，作EF PB ⊥交PB 于点F ，连接,,,.DE DF BD BE（Ⅰ）证明：PB DEF ⊥平面．试判断四面体DBEF 是否为鳖臑，若是，写出其每个面的直角（只需写出结论）；若不是，说明理由；（Ⅱ）若面DEF 与面ABCD 所成二面角的大小为π3，求DCBC 的值． 20．（本小题满分12分）某厂用鲜牛奶在某台设备上生产,A B 两种奶制品．生产1吨A 产品需鲜牛奶2吨，使用设备1小时，获利1000元；生产1吨B 产品需鲜牛奶1.5吨，使用设备1.5小时，获利1200元．要求每天B 产品的产量不超过A 产品产量的2倍，设备每天生产,A B 两种产品时间之和不超过12小时. 假定每天可获取的鲜牛奶数量W （单位：吨）是一个随机变量，其分布列为该厂每天根据获取的鲜牛奶数量安排生产，使其获利最大，因此每天的最大获利Z （单位：元）是一个随机变量．（Ⅰ）求Z 的分布列和均值；（Ⅱ）若每天可获取的鲜牛奶数量相互独立，求3天中至少有1天的最大获利超过10000元的概率． 21．（本小题满分14分）一种作图工具如图1所示．O 是滑槽AB 的中点，短杆ON 可绕O 转动，长杆MN 通过N 处第19题图铰链与ON 连接，MN 上的栓子D 可沿滑槽AB 滑动，且1DN ON ==，3MN =．当栓子D 在滑槽AB 内作往复运动时，带动N 绕O 转动一周（D 不动时，N 也不动），M 处的笔尖画出的曲线记为C ．以O 为原点，AB 所在的直线为x 轴建立如图2所示的平面直角坐标系．（Ⅰ）求曲线C 的方程；（Ⅱ）设动直线l 与两定直线1:20l x y -=和2:20l x y +=分别交于,P Q 两点．若直线l 总与曲线C 有且只有一个公共点，试探究：△OPQ 的面积是否存在最小值？若存在，求出该最小值；若不存在，说明理由．22．（本小题满分14分）已知数列{}n a 的各项均为正数，1(1)()n n n b n a n n +=+∈N ，e 为自然对数的底数．（Ⅰ）求函数()1e xf x x =+-的单调区间，并比较1(1)nn +与e 的大小；（Ⅱ）计算11b a ，1212b b a a ，123123b b b a a a ，由此推测计算1212n nb b b a aa 的公式，并给出证明；（Ⅲ）令112()nn n c a a a =，数列{}n a ，{}n c 的前n 项和分别记为n S ,n T , 证明：e n n T S <.第21题图1 第21题图2绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数学（理工类）试题参考答案一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分）1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 二、填空题（本大题共6小题，考生需作答5小题，每小题5分，共25分） 11．912．2 13．14．（Ⅰ）22(1)(2x y -+=；（Ⅱ）①②③ 15．12 16．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共75分） 17．（11分）π5,2,6A ωϕ===-且函数表达式为()5sin(2)6f x x =-. （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知π()5sin(2)6f x x =-，得π()5sin(22)6g x x θ=+-. 因为sin y x =的对称中心为(π,0)k ，k ∈Z . 令π22π6x k θ+-=，解得ππ212k x θ=+-，k ∈Z .由于函数()y g x =的图象关于点5π(,0)12成中心对称，令ππ5π21212k θ+-=，解得ππ23k θ=-，k ∈Z . 由0θ>可知，当1k =时，θ取得最小值π6. 18．（12分）（Ⅰ）由题意有，111045100,2,a d a d +=⎧⎨=⎩ 即112920,2,a d a d +=⎧⎨=⎩解得11,2,a d =⎧⎨=⎩ 或19,2.9a d =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩ 故121,2.n n n a n b -=-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩或11(279),929().9n n n a n b -⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⋅⎪⎩（Ⅱ）由1d >，知21n a n =-，12n n b -=，故1212n n n c --=，于是2341357921122222n n n T --=++++++， ①2345113579212222222n n n T -=++++++. ②①-②可得 221111212323222222n n n n n n T --+=++++-=-，故nT 12362n n -+=-. 19．（12分）（解法1）（Ⅰ）因为PD ⊥底面ABCD ，所以PD BC ⊥，由底面ABCD 为长方形，有BC CD ⊥，而PD CD D =，所以BC PCD ⊥平面. 而DE PCD ⊂平面，所以BC DE ⊥. 又因为PD CD =，点E 是PC 的中点，所以DE PC ⊥. 而PCBC C =，所以DE ⊥平面PBC . 而PB PBC ⊂平面，所以PB DE ⊥.又PB EF ⊥，DEEF E =，所以PB ⊥平面DEF .由DE ⊥平面PBC ，PB ⊥平面DEF ，可知四面体BDEF 的四个面都是直角三角形，即四面体BDEF 是一个鳖臑，其四个面的直角分别为DEB DEF ∠∠，，EFB DFB ∠∠，. （Ⅱ）如图1，在面PBC 内，延长BC 与FE 交于点G ，则DG 是平面DEF 与平面ABCD 的交线. 由（Ⅰ）知，PB DEF ⊥平面，所以PB DG ⊥. 又因为PD ⊥底面ABCD ，所以PD DG ⊥. 而PDPB P =，所以DG PBD ⊥平面.故BDF ∠是面DEF 与面ABCD 所成二面角的平面角，设1PD DC ==，BC λ=，有BD =第19题解答图2第19题解答图1 在Rt △PDB 中, 由DF PB ⊥, 得π3DPF FDB ∠=∠=,则 πtan tan3BD DPF PD =∠==, 解得λ 所以1DC BC λ==故当面DEF 与面ABCD 所成二面角的大小为π3时，DC BC=.（解法2）（Ⅰ）如图2，以D 为原点，射线,,DA DC DP 分别为,,x y z 轴的正半轴，建立空间直角坐标系. 设1PD DC ==，BC λ=，则(0,0,0),(0,0,1),(,1,0),(0,1,0)D P B Cλ，(,1,1)PB λ=-，点E是PC 的中点，所以11(0,,)22E ，11(0,,)22DE =，于是0PB DE ⋅=，即PB DE ⊥. 又已知EF PB ⊥，而DEEF E =，所以PB DEF ⊥平面.因(0,1,1)PC =-, 0DE PC ⋅=, 则DE PC ⊥, 所以DE PBC ⊥平面.由DE ⊥平面PBC ，PB ⊥平面DEF ，可知四面体BDEF 的四个面都是直角三角形，.（Ⅱ）由PD ABCD ⊥平面，所以(0,0,1)DP =是平面ABCD 的一个法向量；由（Ⅰ）知，PB DEF ⊥平面，所以(,1,1)BP λ=--是平面DEF 的一个法向量.若面DEF 与面ABCD 所成二面角的大小为π3，则π1cos32||||BP DP BP DP λ⋅===⋅，解得λ. 所以12DC BC λ==故当面DEF 与面ABCD 所成二面角的大小为π3时，DC BC=.20．（12分）（Ⅰ）设每天,A B 两种产品的生产数量分别为,x y ，相应的获利为z ，则有 2 1.5,1.512, 20,0, 0.x y W x y x y x y +≤⎧⎪+≤⎪⎨-≥⎪⎪≥≥⎩ （1）目标函数为 10001200z x y =+．当12W =时，（1）表示的平面区域如图1，三个顶点分别为(0, 0), (2.4, 4.8), (6, 0)A B C ．将10001200z x y =+变形为561200zy x =-+，当 2.4, 4.8x y ==时，直线l ：561200z y x =-+在y 轴上的截距最大，最大获利max 2.41000 4.812008160Z z ==⨯+⨯=．当15W =时，（1）表示的平面区域如图2，三个顶点分别为(0, 0), (3, 6), (7.5, 0)A B C ．将10001200z x y =+变形为561200zy x =-+，当3, 6x y ==时，直线l ：561200z y x =-+在y 轴上的截距最大，第20题解答图1 第20题解答图2第20题解答图33311(1)10.30.973.p p =--=-=最大获利max 310006120010200Z z ==⨯+⨯=．当18W =时，（1）表示的平面区域如图3，四个顶点分别为(0, 0), (3, 6), (6, 4), (9, 0)A B C D .将10001200z x y =+变形为561200zy x =-+，当6,4x y ==时，直线l ：561200z y x =-+在y 轴上的截距最大，最大获利max 610004120010800Z z ==⨯+⨯=．因此，()81600.3102000.5108000.29708.E Z =⨯+⨯+⨯= （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知，一天最大获利超过10000元的概率1(10000)0.50.20.7p P Z =>=+=，由二项分布，3天中至少有1天最大获利超过10000元的概率为21．（14分）（Ⅰ）设点(,0)(||2)D t t ≤，00(,),(,)N x y M x y ，依题意， 2MD DN =，且||||1DN ON ==所以00(,)2(,)t x y x t y --=-，且22002200()1,1.x t y x y ⎧-+=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ 即0022,2.t x x t y y -=-⎧⎨=-⎩且0(2)0.t t x -=由于当点D 不动时，点N 也不动，所以t 不恒等于0，于是02t x =，故00,42x yx y ==-，代入22001x y +=，可得221164x y +=，第21题解答图即所求的曲线C 的方程为221.164x y +=（Ⅱ）（1）当直线l 的斜率不存在时，直线l 为4x =或4x =-，都有14482OPQ S ∆=⨯⨯=.（2）当直线l 的斜率存在时，设直线1:()2l y kx m k =+≠±，由22,416,y kx m x y =+⎧⎨+=⎩ 消去y ，可得222(14)84160k x kmx m +++-=. 因为直线l 总与椭圆C 有且只有一个公共点，所以2222644(14)(416)0k m k m ∆=-+-=，即22164m k =+. ①又由,20,y kx m x y =+⎧⎨-=⎩ 可得2(,)1212m m P k k --；同理可得2(,)1212m m Q k k -++.由原点O 到直线PQ的距离为d =和|||P Q PQ x x -，可得22111222||||||||222121214OPQP Q m m m S PQ d m x x m k k k ∆=⋅=-=⋅+=-+-. ②将①代入②得，222241281441OPQk m S k k ∆+==--.当214k >时，2224128()8(1)84141OPQ k S k k ∆+==+>--；当2104k ≤<时，2224128()8(1)1414OPQ k S k k ∆+==-+--.因2104k ≤<，则20141k <-≤，22214k ≥-，所以228(1)814OPQ S k ∆=-+≥-，当且仅当0k =时取等号. 所以当0k =时，OPQS ∆的最小值为8.综合（1）（2）可知，当直线l 与椭圆C 在四个顶点处相切时，△OPQ 的面积取得最小值8.22．（14分）（Ⅰ）()f x 的定义域为(,)-∞+∞，()1e x f x '=-.当()0f x '>，即0x <时，()f x 单调递增；当()0f x '<，即0x >时，()f x 单调递减.故()f x 的单调递增区间为(,0)-∞，单调递减区间为(0,)+∞.当0x >时，()(0)0f x f <=，即1e xx +<.令1x n =，得111e n n +<，即1(1)e n n +<. ①（Ⅱ）11111(1)1121b a =⋅+=+=；22212121212122(1)(21)32b b b b a a a a =⋅=⋅+=+=； 2333123312123123133(1)(31)43b b b b b b a a a a a a =⋅=⋅+=+=.由此推测：1212(1).n nnb b b n a a a =+ ②下面用数学归纳法证明②.（1）当1n =时，左边=右边2=，②成立.（2）假设当n k =时，②成立，即1212(1)k kkb b b k a a a =+.当1n k =+时，1111(1)(1)1k k k b k a k +++=+++，由归纳假设可得111211211211211(1)(1)(1)(2)1k k k k k k k k k k k b b b b b b b b k k k a a a a a a a a k ++++++=⋅=+++=++.所以当1n k =+时，②也成立.根据（1）（2），可知②对一切正整数n 都成立. （Ⅲ）由n c 的定义，②，算术-几何平均不等式，n b 的定义及①得 123n n T c c c c =++++=111131211212312()()()()nn a a a a a a a a a ++++111131212312112()()()()2341nn b b b b b b b b b n =+++++ 12312112122334(1)n b b b b b b b b b n n ++++++≤++++⨯⨯⨯+121111111[][]1223(1)2334(1)(1)n b b b n n n n n n =+++++++++⋅⨯⨯+⨯⨯++1211111(1)()()1211n b b b n n n n =-+-++-+++1212n b b b n <+++1212111(1)(1)(1)12n na a a n =++++++ 12e e e n a a a <+++=e n S .即e n n T S <.。

2015湖北高考英语试卷与答案

绝密☆启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)英语本试题卷共16页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后。

你将有两分钟的时间将卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有15秒钟的时间1.What does Tom plan to do next week?A. To make a robot.B. To enter a competitionC. To surprise the woman.2.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. How did the man come to the place?A. By car.B. On footC. By train.9. Why is the man here？A. To have an interview.B. To discuss traffic problem.C. To share his work experience.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. Where are the speakers?A. In a bankB. On a lakeC.At a hotel.11. Why does David’s father want to spend Christmas in the countryside?A. He can enjoy the lake view.B. He can be freed from housework.C. He can have some peace and quiet.12. Why is David unhappy?A. He can’t attend the party.B. He isn’t allowed to skate.C.He has to cook for his parents.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

2015年高考英语湖北卷(含详细答案)

英语试卷第1页（共34页）英语试卷第2页（共34页）绝密★启用前 2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语本试题卷共12页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3. 完成句子和短文写作题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C 。

2015高考全国卷2 理综(含参考答案)--高清版

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷2)理科综合能力测试（卷面分值：300分；考试时间：150分钟）（考试地区：贵州甘肃青海西藏黑龙江吉林宁夏内蒙古新疆云南）注意事项：1.答题前，现将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2.选择题必须使用2Ｂ铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔记清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无线；再猜告知、试题卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H2N14O16F19Na23AI27P31S32CL35.5Ca40Fe56Zn65Br80第I卷一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1、将三组生理状态相通的某种植物幼含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶下，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。

培养条件及实验结果见下表：下列分析正确的是A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收B.该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关C.氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATPD.与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收2、端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒子上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒子DNA的一条链。

下列叙述正确的是A.大肠杆菌拟核的DNA中含有端粒B.端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶C.正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNAD.正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长3.下列过程中不属于胞吐作用的是A.浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的作用B.mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程C.分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程D.突触小泡中的神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程4.下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误．．的是A.生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分B.生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失C.生态系统持续相对稳定离不开信息传递D.负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定5.下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是A.抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌B.抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同C.Rous肉瘤病毒不是致瘤因子，与人的细胞癌变无关D.人感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关6.下列关于人类猫叫综合征的叙述，正确的是A.该病是由于特定的染色体片段缺失造成的B.该病是由于特定染色体的数目增加造成的C.该病是由于染色体组数目成倍增加选成的D.该病是由于染色体中增加某一片段引起的7.食品千操剂应无毒、无味、无腐蚀性及环境友好。

2015年全国高考理综试题及答案-新课标2

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试新课标2第Ⅰ卷一．选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 将三组生理状态相同的某植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶中，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。

培养条件及实验结果见下表：离子相对吸收量培养瓶中气体温度（℃）（%）空气17100氮气1710空气328下列分析正确的是A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收B.该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关C.氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATPD.与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收2. 端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒DNA的一条链。

下列叙述正确的是A.大肠杆菌拟核的DNA中含有端粒B.端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶C.正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNAD.正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长3.下列过程中，不属于胞吐作用的是A.浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的过程B.mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程C.分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程D.突触小泡中神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程4.下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误的是A.生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分B.生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失C.生态系统维持相对稳定离不开信息传递D.负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定5.下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是A.抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌B.抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同C.Rous肉瘤病毒不是致癌因子，与人的细胞癌变无关D.人体感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关6.下列关于人类猫叫综合征的叙述，正确的是A.该病是由于特定的染色体片段缺失造成的B.该病是由于特定染色体的数目增加造成的C.该病是由于染色体组数目成倍增加造成的D.该病是由于染色体中增加某一片段引起的7．食品干燥剂应无毒、无味、无腐蚀性及环境友好。

2015年高考英语真题试卷(湖北卷)【答案加解析】

2015年高考英语真题试卷（湖北卷）一.多项选择，共10小题，每小题1分，共10分1.（2015·湖北）When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A. balanceB. chanceC. memoryD. place2.（2015·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD. treasure3.（2015·湖北）The team are working hard to ___ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A. faceB. preventC. raiseD. analyze4.（2015·湖北）In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs.A. whisperB. signalC. declareD. complain5.（2015·湖北）There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.A. leaves outB. goes againstC. lies inD. makes up6.（2015·湖北）Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.A. stand outB. break upC. get outD. turn up7.（2015·湖北）Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_____.A. accurateB. punctualC. efficientD. reasonable8.（2015·湖北）I don't think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.A. faithfulB. parallelC. relevantD. similar9.(2015·湖北）The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.A. graduallyB. usuallyC. previouslyD. merely10.(2015·湖北）This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be f ined.A. in advanceB. in detailC. in totalD. in general二.完型填空：共20小题，每小题1分，共20分11. （2015·湖北）“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running u p and down the street, but there were still twenty 1left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was2 . The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carry ing the papers 3money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 4for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He5 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.“You don’t know the 6of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “7 it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly 8they have time to see, and you’ll9 out and get your money,”Chad said.It was a new 10 to Jason. He thought of his bird with no 11and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was 12that he would not tell a lie. Though he was 13 a poor newsboy, he had been14 some good things.The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers15 . Several boys were crowding around Chad,who declared with a 16smile that he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason 17money because he would not tell a lie. The boy 18at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shou lder 19 .”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new20 .He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.1. A. shops B. coins C. people D. papers2. A. open B. heavy C. pure D. weak3. A. instead of B. in return for C. regardless of D. in exchange for4. A. cup B. card C. comb D. cake5. A. gave in B. broke down C. got away D. showed up6. A. difficulty B. process C. goal D. secret7. A. And B. But C. For D. So8. A. before B. since C. though D. unless9. A. call B. drop C. sell D. reach10. A. edition B. idea C. policy D. task11. A. bread B. insects C. seeds D. water12. A. concerned B. amazed C. excited D. determined13. A. still B. already C. just D. also14. A. taught B. handed C. awarded D. allowed15. A. at once B. by chance C. as usual D. on purpose16. A. proud B. gentle C. warm D. polite17. A. borrowed B. lost C. made D. saved18. A. laughed B. shouted C. nodded D. started19. A. bravely B. grateful C. fondly D. modestly20. A. duty B. business C. job D. method三.阅读理解：共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分12. （2015·湖北）“I see you've got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No, it's pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother's milk, and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, a ssuming he was j ust rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor's most financially-troubled elements.(1)Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A.To protect the tourists from being bittenB.To keep the ponies off the petrol stationC.To avoid putting the ponies in dangerD.To prevent the ponies from fighting(2)One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.A.to feed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of poniesC. to expand the habitat for poniesD. to sell the ponies at a good price(3)What as the author's first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?A.He freed it from the trapB.He called a protection officerC.He worried about it very muchD.He thought of it as being naughty(4)What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies?A.It lacks people's involvement.B.It costs a large amount of moneyC.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D. It has caused an imbalance of species13. （2015·湖北）What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't prerequisite for a moderngrow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can（装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what's on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparin g her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for grow ing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added.“I think it's a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, l ike a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there's a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe sa id. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Inf luencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no will.”(1)The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge(2)Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked(3)According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB. It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD. It can improve their nutrition(4)What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth14. （2015·湖北）阅读理解Hilversum is a medium- sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.(1)Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.A.it has a large populationB.it is cut off from big citiesC.it has many beautiful gardensD. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil(2)What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?A.Building a railway link to AmsterdamB.Helping its textile industry to developC.Constructing large villas for the poorD.Assisting its agricultural industry(3)The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.A.a radio factoryB. the medial capitalC.a radio stationD.a TV station(4)What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?A.It consists of approximately 75 buildingsB.It looks like an open air museum in the cityC.It is a classic example in architecture textbooksD. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.15. （2015·湖北）The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I'm an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat, "Your inner ear thinks your're falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.(1)What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep positionB.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC.Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD.Finding a right time to go to sleep.(2)The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A.the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they watch a movie while pedaling(3)Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A.their senses stop workingB.they have to stand up straightC.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.whether they are able to go back to the station(4)One of the NASA's major concerns about astronauts is _____.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning homeD.whether they are able to go back to the station16.（2015·湖北）阅读理解Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s alw ays a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren't?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader's attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, themore serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.(1)The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brooks’ new bookC.remind the reader of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their works(2)According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?A.Its strong basis.B.Its convincing points.C. Its clear writing.D.Its memorable characters.(3)What is the author's general attitude towards the book?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C. Cautious.D.Critical.(4)What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A.Problems with the book.B. Brooks's life experience.C.Death of the characters.D.Brooks's translation skills.四.写作题17.（2015·湖北）完成句子阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

2015年湖北卷高考英语真题及答案

2015年湖北卷高考英语真题及答案第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“Daily Star, sir” called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty __1__ left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was___2___. The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. He would have to go home too, carrying the papers__3___money. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a__4__for his mother and some seeds for his bird. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. He__5__as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.“You don’t know the __6__of selling papers. You must shout, “Hot news! Bomb bursting!” another newsboy Chad told Jason. “__7__it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason. “Just run away quickly__8__they have time to see, and you’ll __9__ out and get your money,”Chad said.It was a new __10__to Jason. He thought of his bird with no__11__and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was__12__that he would not tell a lie. Though he was __13__ a poor newsboy, he had been__14__ some good things.The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers__15__. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a__16__smile that he sold six dozen the day before. He added that Jason__17__money because he would not tell a lie. The boy __18__at Jason. “You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday, my boy?” A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder__19__.”You’re just the boy I am looking for.” A week later Jason started his new__20__. He lost sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.1.A.shops B.coins C.people D.papers2.A.open B.heavy C.pure D.weak3.A.instead of B.in return for C.regardless of D.in exchange for4.A.cup B.card b D.cake5.A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up6.A.difficulty B.process C.goal D.secret7.A.And B.But C.For D.So8.A.before B.since C.though D.unless9.A.call B.drop C.sell D.reach10.A.edition B.idea C.policy D.task11.A.bread B.insects C.seeds D.water12.A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined13.A.still B.already C.just D.also14.A.taught B.handed C.awarded D.allowed15.A.at once B.by chance C.as usual D.on purpose16.A.proud B.gentle C.warm D.polite17.A.borrowed B.lost C.made D.savedughed B.shouted C.nodded D.started19.A.bravely B.grateful C.fondly D.modestly20.A.duty B.business C.job D.method第二节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2015高考真题湖北卷理综

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高（新课标1）理科综合能力测试化学试题1．下列叙述，错误的是（）A．DNA和ATP中所含元素的种类相同B．一个tRNA分子中只有一个反密码子C．T2噬菌体的核酸由脱氧核苷酸组成D．控制细菌性状的基因位于拟核和线粒体DNA上2．下列关于生长素的叙述，错误的是（）A．植物幼嫩叶片中色氨酸可转变成生长素B．成熟茎韧皮部中的生长素可以进行非极性运输C．幼嫩细胞和成熟细胞对生长素的敏感程度相同D．豌豆幼苗切段中乙烯的合成受生长素浓度的影响3．某同学给健康实验兔静脉滴注0.9%NaCl溶液（生理盐水）20mL后，会出现的现象是A．输入的溶液会从血浆进入组织液B．细胞内液和细胞外液分别增加10mLC．细胞内液N a＋的增加远大于细胞外液N a＋的增加D．输入的N a＋中50%进入细胞内液，50%分布在细胞外液4.下列关于出生眼体重草本阶段和灌木阶段的叙述，错误的是（）A．草本阶段与灌木阶段群落的丰富度相同B．草本阶段与灌木阶段的群落空间结构复杂C．草本阶段与灌木阶段的群落自我调节能力强D．草本阶段为灌木阶段的群落形成创造了适宜环境5．人或动物PrP基因编码一种蛋白（PrP c）,该蛋白无致病性。

PrP c的空间结构改变后成为PrP sc （阮粒），就具有了致病性。

PrP sc可以有到更多的PrP c转变为PrP sc，实现阮粒的增殖，可以引起疯牛病。

据此判断，下列叙述正确的是（）A．阮粒侵入机体后可整合到宿主的基因组中B．阮粒的增殖方式与肺炎双球菌的增殖方式相同C．蛋白质空间结构的改变可以使其功能发生变化D．PrP c转变为PrP sc的过程属于遗传信息的翻译过程6．抗维生素D佝偻病为X染色体显性遗传病，短指为常染色体显性遗传病，红绿色盲为X染色体隐性遗传病，白化病为常染色体隐性遗传病。

下列关于这四种遗传病遗传特征的叙述，正确的是A．短指的发病率男性高于女性B．红绿色盲女性患者的父亲是该病的患者C．抗维生素D佝偻病的发病率男性高于女性D．白化病通常会在一个家系的几代人中连续出现7．我国清代《本草纲目拾遗》中记叙无机药物335种，其中“强水”条目下写道：“性最烈，能蚀五金……其水甚强，五金八石皆能穿第，惟玻璃可盛。

2015年高考全国Ⅱ卷理科综合试题(含答案解析)

绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共40题，共300分，共16页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1．答题前，现将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔记清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无线；再猜告知、试题卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Na 23 AI 27 P 31 S 32CL 35.5 Ca 40 Fe 56 Zn 65 Br 80第Ⅰ卷选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．将三组生理状态相通的某种植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶下，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。

培养条件及实验结果见下表：下列分析正确的是A. 有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收B. 该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关C. 氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATPD. 与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收2．端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成，该酶能结合到端粒子上，以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒子DNA的一条链。

下列叙述正确的是A. 大肠杆菌拟核的DNA中含有端粒B. 端粒酶中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶C. 正常人细胞的每条染色体两端都含有端粒DNAD. 正常体细胞的端粒DNA随细胞分裂次数增加而变长3．下列过程中不属于胞吐作用的是A. 浆细胞分泌抗体到细胞外的作用B. mRNA从细胞核到细胞质的过程C. 分泌蛋白从胰腺的腺泡细胞到胞外的过程D. 突触小泡中的神经递质释放到突触间隙的过程4．下列有关生态系统的叙述，错误．．的是A. 生态系统的组成成分中含有非生物成分B. 生态系统相对稳定时无能量输入和散失C. 生态系统持续相对稳定离不开信息传递D. 负反馈调节有利于生态系统保持相对稳定5．下列与病原体有关的叙述，正确的是A. 抗体可以进入细胞消灭寄生在其中的结核杆菌B. 抗体抵抗病毒的机制与溶菌酶杀灭细菌的机制相同C. Rous肉瘤病毒不是致瘤因子，与人的细胞癌变无关D. 人感染HIV后的症状与体内该病毒浓度和T细胞数量有关6．下列关于人类猫叫综合征的叙述，正确的是A. 该病是由于特定的染色体片段缺失造成的B. 该病是由于特定染色体的数目增加造成的C. 该病是由于染色体组数目成倍增加选成的D. 该病是由于染色体中增加某一片段引起的7．食品千操剂应无毒、无味、无腐蚀性及环境友好。

2015年高考理综试题与参考答案(新课标Ⅱ卷)(完整版)

2015年高考理综物理试题及参考答案(新课标Ⅱ卷)一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~17题只有一项符合题目要求，第18~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14.如图，两平行的带电金属板水平放置。

若在两板中间a 点从静止释放一带电微粒，微粒恰好保持静止状态。

现将两板绕过a 点的轴（垂直于纸面）逆时针旋转45°，再由a 点从静止释放一同样的微粒，该微粒将（ D ）A.保持静止状态B.向左上方做匀加速运动C.向正下方做匀加速运动D.向左下方做匀加速运动 15.如图，直角三角形金属框abc 放置在匀强磁场中，磁感应强度大小为B ，方向平行于ab 边向上。

当金属框绕ab 边以角速度ω逆时针转动时，a 、b 、c 三点的电势分别为U a 、U b 、U c 。

已知bc 边的长度为l 。

下列判断正确的是（ C ） A.U a ˃ U c ，金属框中无电流B.U b ˃ U c ，金属框中电流方向沿a-b-c-aC.ω221Bl U bc -=，金属框中无电流 D.ω221Bl U bc =，金属框中电流方向沿a-b-c-a 16.由于卫星的发射场不在赤道上，同步卫星发射后需要从转移轨道经过调整再进入地球同步轨道。

当卫星在转移轨道上飞经赤道上空ac时，发动机点火，给卫星一附加速度，使卫星沿同步轨道运行。

已知同步卫星的环绕速度约为3.1×103m/s ，某次发射卫星飞经赤道上空时的速度为 1.55×103m/s ，此时卫星的高度与同步轨道的高度相同，转移轨道和同步轨道的夹角为30°，如图所示，发动机给卫星的附加速度的方向和大小约为（ B ） A.西偏北方向，1.9×103m/s B.东偏南方向，1.9×103m/sC.西偏北方向，2.7×103m/sD.东偏南方向，2.7×103m/s17.一汽车在平直公路上行驶。

高考英语全国真题2015 湖北卷。。。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___________ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place22. He gave himself a new name to hide his __________ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD. treasure23.The team are working hard to _________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.A. faceB. preventC. raiseD. analyze24.In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.A. whisperB. signalC. declareD. complain25.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _______ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.A. leaves outB. goes againstC. lies inD. makes up26.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ___________ sooner or later.A. stand outB. break upC. get outD. turn up27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_________.A. accurateB. punctualC. efficientD. reasonable28.I don’t think what he said is _________ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.A. faithfulB. parallelC. relevantD. similar29.The girl used to be shy, but is __________ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.A. graduallyB. usuallyC. previouslyD. merely30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would befined. A. in advance B. in detail C. in total D. in general第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。