It can be seen from the graph that obviously
GRE NO题4-2 翻译和解析
第一篇The evolution of intelligence among early Elarge mammals of the grasslands was due in特殊短语great measure to the interaction between twoecologically synchronized groups of these ani-(5)mals,the hunting carnivores and the herbivoresthat they hunted.The interaction resulting fromthe differences between predator and prey led to≠,led toa general improvement in brain functions;how-转折词ever,certain components of intelligence were TS (10)improved far more than others.inter er er--The kind of intelligence favored by the intplay of increasingly smarter catchers and SEincreasingly keener escapers is defined byattention—that aspect of mind carrying con-(15)sciousness forward from one moment to the略读（解释）next.It ranges from a passive,free-floatingawareness to a highly focused,active fixation.1,2,3The range through these states is mediated bythe arousal system,a network of tracts converg-特殊词汇(20)ing from sensory systems to integrating centersin the brain stem.From the more relaxed to themore vigorous levels,sensitivity to novelty isincreased.The organism is more awake,more↑上升vigilant;this increased vigilance results in the特殊词汇(25)apprehension of ever more subtle signals as theorganism becomes more sensitive to its sur-roundings.The processes of arousal and concen-tration give attention its direction.Arousal is atfirst general,with a flooding of impulses in the(30)brain stem;then gradually the activation is顺序channeled.Thus begins concentration,the hold-ing of consistent images.One meaning of intelli-gence is the way in which these images and otheralertly searched information are used in the con-(35)text of previous experience.Consciousness linkspast attention to the present and permits theintegration of details with perceived ends andpurposes.conscious--The elements of intelligence and consciousdif--SE,+ (40)ness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey.Herbivores≠and carnivores develop different kinds of atten-tion related to escaping or chasing.Although in让步both kinds of animal,arousal stimulates the(45)production of adrenaline and norepinephrine bythe adrenal glands,the effect in herbivores is pripri--marily fear,whereas in carnivores the effect is⊙,﹥﹤primarily aggression.For both,arousal attunesthe animal to what is ahead.Perhaps it does not(50)experience forethought as we know it,but theanimal does experience something like it.Thepredator is searchingly aggressive,innerdirected,tuned by the nervous system and the adrenalhormones,but aware in a sense closer to human转折H＞F(55)consciousness than,say,a hungry lizard’s instinc-例子tive snap at a passing ing past eventsas a framework,the large mammal predator isworking out a relationship between movementand food,sensitive to possibilities in cold trails(60)and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgottenlessons.The herbivore prey is of a different≠mind.Its mood of wariness rather than searching﹥﹤and its attitude of general expectancy instead of﹥﹤anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility overan explosive endocrine system.全文论证一个观点型，SE均论述一个主题，没有出现however，question之类的字眼。
大学英语四级写作技巧简介
大学英语四级写作技巧简介大学英语四级写作技巧简介之一——文章结构英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。
四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。
以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为Spring Festival Gala on CCTV，要求：1。
许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。
但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。
我的看法。
“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。
最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。
又如2006年6月的题目：An Announcement for a Voluntary Program, 要求：1。
校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。
本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。
报名条件和联系方式。
这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。
往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。
总的来说有三点要注意：1。
开篇就得点题。
文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。
2。
中间段阐述必须清楚。
中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。
一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。
3。
结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。
2020年高考英语二轮复习推理判断类--解题技巧及典例剖析附答案
第三讲推理判断类--解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that ________ .2.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3.In which of the following publications(出版物）would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies , but doesn't directly state that _________ .5.The writer suggests that _________.6.The author probably feels that _________.7.The author uses the example of...to show that_________.8.What's the author's attitude toward...?【解题流程】要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。
考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。
推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。
如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案。
要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿腹断。
有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。
所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案。
2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案（8）
新东⽅在线推荐： Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine’s “intelligence” on the details of its own perceptions — its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent. Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context — what happens if the axioms are relaxed? — is thereby ignored. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 1. The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to do which of the following? [A] Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines. [B] Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving. [C] Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers. [D] Provide one definition of intelligence. 2. It can be inferred form the text that scientists make which of the following assumptions about scientific arguments? [A] The literal truth of the arguments can be made clear only in a mathematical context. [B] The arguments necessarily ignore the central question of scientific investigation. [C] The arguments probably will be convincing only to other scientists. [D] The premises on which the arguments are based may change. 3. According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientist for which of the following reasons? [A] Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists. [B] Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists. [C] Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts. [D] Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue. 4. The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problem is which of the following? [A] Practical for scientific purposes. [B] Detrimental to scientific progress. [C] Unimportant in most situations. [D] Expedient, but of little long-term value. 5. The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that [A] mathematicians are better able to solve problems than are scientists. [B] changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments. [C] well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments. [D] some factors in most situations must remain unknown.。
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主干： the UK’s fisheries bill contains no such safeguard. 让步状语： the EU will introduce a legal commitment/ to prevent any fish species from being exploited /beyond its replacement rate next year, 参考译文： 相 反 ，尽 管 欧 盟 将 制 定 法 律 措 施 ，以 防 止 任 何 鱼 类 物 种 在 超 过 明 年 替 代 率 的 情 况 下 被 捕捞，但英国的渔业法案中却没有这样的保障措施。 所以今天的题目： 思考题一： The opportunity to do things better provided by the Brexit is not seized by the UK. 正确！ 用一般现在时代替现在进行时是可以的。 思考题二： UK’s fisheries bill does not frame the legal rule to prevent the overfishing. 正确！（好好体会替换！）
高考 英语 阅读理解—推理判断之推测隐含信息
专题限时集训(四)阅读理解—推理判断之推测隐含信息A (2019·昆明市诊断测试)The world can be a scary place when you're young. It can be even scarier when you're a young little blue penguin(企鹅)，the tiniest of the penguin species. Luckily，there are some humans willing to help. They stepped in to protect Billy，a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch，New Zealand.Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay, near Sumner，in Christchurch，the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd. Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon，and he biked home to get his camera.When he returned to the scene，he found that the penguin had received a little sign，one that read“Hi，I'm waiting for my mum to come back. DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I'm here.Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away. Thanks，Billy the baby blue penguin.”Billy didn't move away from the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy，though they were surprised to see it on the beach.“It's unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day，”Anita Spencer，a DOC senior ranger，told Stuff.Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.V olunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin，and is around 2 months old.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams，less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice，before it's set free into the ocean.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
高考英语阅读理解-推理判断
高考阅读理解推理判断题专项推理判断是指在原文字面的意义的基础之上，通过对于语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义以及隐含意义的过程。
推理判断题常见的设问方式有：1.It can be inferred/ concluded/ seen from the passage that _________.2.The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that __________.3.The writer suggests that _________.4.What’s the author’s attitude toward __________.5.The author uses the example of ….. to show that ___________.6.We can infer from the text that the author___________.7.Which of the following best describes……?8.Who probably wrote the letter?9.This text is most probably taken from__________.实战演练A（全国I）EDGEWOOD-EVERY morning at Dixie Heights High School, customers pour into a special experiment：the district’s first coffee run mostly by students with special learning needs.Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.By closing tome at 9.20 a.m, the shop usually sells 90 drinks.“Whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good,’Christy McKinley, a second year student, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with thenaffairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related. Should school be selling coffee? What about sugar content?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non fat milk, fell within nutrition(营养) guidelines. The whole school has joined in to help.Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室) in the mornings. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups.1. What is the text mainly about?A. A best selling coffee.B. A special educational program.C. Government support for schools.D. A new type of teacher- student relationship.2. The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to _________.A. raise money for school affairsB. do some research on nutritionC. develop students’ practical skillsD. supply teachers with drinks3. How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea?A. She met her in the shop.B. She heard her telling others.C. She talked to her on the phone.D. She went to her office to deliver the tea.4. We know from the text that Ginger Gray _________.A. manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton CountryB. sees that the drinks meet health standardsC. teaches at Dixie Heights High SchoolD. owns the school’s coffee shopB(全国II )When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games.Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.One days, as I was getting her food, she chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was w rong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she'd let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we'd be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.1. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?A. Look at them sadly.B. Keep them company.C. Play games with them.D. Touch them gently.2. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie ________A. would eat anything when hungryB. felt scary for her mistakeC. loved playing hide-and-seekD. disliked the author's dad3. Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet?A. She was treated as a member of the family.B. She played games with anyone she liked.C. She was loved by everybody she met.D. She went everywhere with the family.4. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she __________.A. smiledB. barkedC. rushed to themD. tried to be funny5. Which of the following best describes Brownie?A. Shy.B. Polite.C. Brave.D. Caring.C(全国II)How words came into being is unknown. All we assume（推测）is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style（文体）. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears, We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.1. We learn from the text that language might have begun withA. expressionsB. actionsC. signsD. sounds2. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. The learning of new words.B. The importance of old wordsC. The relation of human experience with words.D. The gradual change and development of words.3. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?A. Use words skillfully.B. Make musical speechesC. Learn poems by heart.D. Associate with listeners.D（北京）Goldie’s SecretShe turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We’re moving house.”“No space for her any more with the baby coming.”“We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.I call her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner’s. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.That’s why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn’t hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them. “We didn’t know what had happened to her,” said the woman at the door. “I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared.”“She must have tried to come back to them and got lost,” added a boy from behind her.I must admit I do miss Goldie, but I’ve got Nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. And I’ve learnt a good lesson: not to judge people.1. How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?A. Shocked.B. Sympathetic.C. Annoyed.D. Upset.2. In her first few days at the author’s house, Goldie __________.A. felt worriedB. was angryC. ate a littleD. sat by the fire3. Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse on day because she __________.A. saw her puppiesB. heard familiar barkingsC. wanted to leave the authorD. found her way to her old home4. The passage is organized in order of __________.A. timeB. effectivenessC. importanceD. complexityE（北京）Open Letter to an EditorI had an interesting conversation with a reporter recently — one who works for you. In fact, he’s one of your best reporters. He wants to leave.Your reporter gave me a copy of his résumé (简历) and photocopies of six stories that he wrote for you. The headlines showed you played them proudly. With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues (问题), approaches them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. I’m sure you would hate to lose him Surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. In fact, he told me he really likes his job. He has a great assignment (分工), and said you run a great paper. It would be easy for you to keep him, he said. He knows that the paper values him. He appreciates the responsibility you’ve give him, takes ownership of his profession, and enjoys his freedom.So why is he looking for a way out?He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights.The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and whatthe budge is.He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he’s doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for our paper. Tha t’s what you want for him, too, isn’t it?So your reporter has set me thinking.Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists—everyone —is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can’t do it, they’ll find someone who can.1. What does the writer think of the reporter?A. Optimistic.B. Imaginative. B. Ambitious. D. Proud.2. What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?A. Finding the news value of his stories.B. Giving him financial support.C. Helping him to find issues.D. Improving his good ideas.3. Who probably wrote the letter?A. An editor.B. An artist.C. A reporter.D. A reader.4. The letter aims to remind editors that they should __________.A. keep their best reporters at all costsB. give more freedom to their reportersC. be aware of their reporters’ professional developmentD. appreciate their reporters’ working styles and attitudesF（辽宁）A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. Whatmakes Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer(层)of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash—covered grass to the sharp object.1. What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes?A. It is below ice.B. It lies under the seaC. It is the largest volcanoD. It is lava affects the airlines2. What keeps Grimsvotn still?A. The slow flow of water.B. The low water temperature.C. The thick glacier.D. The water pressure.3. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?A. People stop traveling in Europe.B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.4. This text is most probably taken from________.A. a research paperB. a newspaper reportC. a class presentationD. a geography textbookF(陕西)Did you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the s ame in both sexes.It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and h e knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier (障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先) ,among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.If all this disappoints you, it shouldn’t. “The brain changes throughout our livesaccording to wh at we do with it.” says a biologist.1. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?A. Women’s brain is 10% less than men’sB. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.C. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.D. Both sexes have the same amount of white matter.2. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?A. Women prefer doing many things at a time.B. Men do better dealing with one job at a time.C. Women do not need to tell directions.D. Men have weaker spatial abilities.3. Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?A. Young boys may be stronger than young girls.B. More women take up jobs requiring speech skillsC. Women may have stronger feelings than men.D. Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.4. What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?A. Defensive.B. Persuasive.C. Supportive.D. Objective.G(全国I )Edward Wilson is America’s, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world’s natural resources(资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity(生物多样性)of our earth.Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Van the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able tosupport us in the future?Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species(物种) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural hoes of, plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book.1. We learn form the text that Wilson cares most about ________A. the environment for plantsB. the biodiversity of our earthC. the wastes of natural resourcesD. the importance of human values2. How many species are most important to our present food supply?A. Twenty.B. Eighty.C. One hundredD. Ten thousand.3. Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to _________.A. learn how to farm scientificallyB. build homes for some dying speciesC. make it clear what to eatD. use more species for food4. We can infer that the text is __________.A. a description of natural resourcesB. a research reportC. a book reviewD. an introduction to a scientist.11。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 22 阅读理解之推理判断题(含答案解析)
专题22 阅读理解（推理判断题）1.（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person's wellbeing. Researchers have found that insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a person's risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity (being very overweight), high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worm devices, which track a person's physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and academic achievement.While Gross's data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analyzing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep a student got and their results in the course's 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.Even more interesting, it was not sufficient for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it's the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. "When you go to bed matters," Gross says, "If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn't everything."Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students' grades. The overall course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly, students who varied their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtimes.Who knew getting A's just required some extra ZZZ's?1．Based on his original objectives, which best describes Professor Gross's research findings?A．Accidental.B．Complete.C．Convincing.D．Doubtful.2．Who were the people taking part in the study?A．Middle school chemistry students.B．V olunteers from different universities.C．Professor Gross's own students.D．University student athletes.3．How did Professor Gross's team measure academic performance?A．Making the students wear a special watch.B．Using students' university entrance test results.C．Giving the students regular after class quizzes.D．Using the students' normal test and quiz grades.4．Based on the study's findings, who is likely to perform best academically.A．A person who has a good night's sleep the night before an important test.B．A person whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.C．A person who sleeps from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. each day.D．A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧推理判断题这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。
它包括判断和推理题。
这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。
所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase或综合。
常见的题干有:1 It can be inferred from the text that.2 We can conclude that.3 When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that.4 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上,对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。
推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。
1 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。
切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2 全面分析所有相关信息,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。
3 善于揣摩作者思路,尽可能与作者的思路吻合。
4不可直接选取文中的原句。
例1:AnnealingAnnealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸 it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.(1990NMET①Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle. [分析]答案为A,此题属推断归纳题。
GRE '93考题精选2
答案：(A)
现在，这已成为一个不争的事实：银河系要比迄今为止所想象的要来得远为浩瀚广阔，并具有远高得多的质量。然而，在银河系的冕（即外缘，该星系的很大一部分质量均位于此处）的各组成部分中，全部可见物质仅仅是冕的微不足道的一小部分。因此，银河系的绝大部分边远物质必定是暗黑无光的。
为什么？三个事实赫然显著。第一，矮星星系和球状星团--银河系冕的绝大多数星星可能汇集于其中--主要由古老的星星组成。第二，古老的星星不会显得特别的亮。第三，没人在冕中发现诸如氢气和一氧化碳之类的气体物质构成的云团。因此，有关冕的黑暗，目前最好的解释--尽管仍带有相当的推测性，是，冕主要是由古老的、燃料已耗竭了星星构成的。
答案：(B)
现在，这已成为一个不争的事实：银河系要比迄今为止所想象的要来得远为浩瀚广阔，并具有远高得多的质量。然而，在银河系的冕（即外缘，该星系的很大一部分质量ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้位于此处）的各组成部分中，全部可见物质仅仅是冕的微不足道的一小部分。因此，银河系的绝大部分边远物质必定是暗黑无光的。
为什么？三个事实赫然显著。第一，矮星星系和球状星团--银河系冕的绝大多数星星可能汇集于其中--主要由古老的星星组成。第二，古老的星星不会显得特别的亮。第三，没人在冕中发现诸如氢气和一氧化碳之类的气体物质构成的云团。因此，有关冕的黑暗，目前最好的解释--尽管仍带有相当的推测性，是，冕主要是由古老的、燃料已耗竭了星星构成的。
[高考英语-阅读理解专题--推理判断题
Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. ● The author implies that several types of bison______. A. live outside the United States and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain not mentioned C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out
5. Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)， and death. Frankly，I’m sick of all this bad news. ●This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform
【英语】高二英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)
【英语】高二英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans arethe main cause.Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting thatwe have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tensof thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many ofthe species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？A. Humans are the main cause of it.B. It means a global decline over a long time.C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.D. Scientists still disagree about the causeof it.（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?A. Land animals.B. Marine life.C. Huge animals.D. Flesh-eating creatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。
SAT写作常用精彩句子
SAT写作常用精彩句子1. ______________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s society. We can see it almosteverywhere. As the graph depicts, ______________.2. From the cartoon, we can see that. It’s a forceful satire on the kind of ______________ .3. From the first graph, we learn that ______________. According to the statistics shown in the secondgraph, we can see that ______________.4. This table shown us that ______________. The figures indicate that there is an inspiring tendency of______________.5. What you first think of when seeing this cartoon might be that ______________. As a matter of fact, thiscartoon reveals a typical social phenomenon.6. According to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that______________.7. There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.8. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________. Many people like ______________, whileothers are inclined to ______________.9. Nowadays, it is common to ______________. Many people like ______________ because______________. Besides, ______________.10. ______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ______________. While being attackedby the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________. They point that______________.11. Everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages anddisadvantages.12. For years ______________ had been viewed as ______________. But people are taking a fresh look at itnow.13. It has stipulated by the government that ______________. To this stipulation, many people respondactively because ______________.14. ______________ is a common oc currence in our daily life. Whatever we do, ______________ can’t beavoided.15. ______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debatesare right on their way.16. Recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this way.. People swarm to______________.17. ______________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought usa lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.18. Man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more serious. First,______________ second, ______________.19. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________.20. It is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that ______________.21. There is an old saying, ______________. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct inmany cases ever today.22. The English proverb says, ______________. This is quite true because ______________.23. ______________ is now______________, and at the same time ______________. These two factorshave caused ______________. Then what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such asituation.24. One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________. Chinese people have always been holding thisidea to be one of their standards of morality.25. One of the great early writers said that ______________. If this is true, the present situation should makeus ponder over ______________.26. “Why do ______________?” Many people often ask questions like this.27. In recent years, there is a general tendency to ______________. According to a study, there is______________. compared with ______________ last year. Why ______________?28. According to a survey, there is a growing number of ______________. What brings this result? Themain reason rests with.29. Some people prefer to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. In addition,______________. Nevertheless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common.30. Today, there ______________, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First,______________ second, ______________. What makes things worse is that ______________.31. Nowadays, ______________ has become a problem we have to face. Though it’s easier said than done,with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it.32. Many people are inclined to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. They believe that______________.33. From the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and ______________. It can be seeneasily that ______________.34. We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance toreach it is greater.35. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. Because I believe ______________.36. We all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should______________.37. My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubtthat ______________. As an old saying goes, ______________.38. If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come outunexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.39. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe ______________.40. From the graph it is evident that ______________.41. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. And Ibelieve that ______________.42. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________.43. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________.44. Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________.45. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.46. Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________.47. In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.48. After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile.49. My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________.50. Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.51. From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. Personally, I think ______________has more advantages.52. On the one hand, it has helped china ______________. On the other hand, it has increased china’s______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.53. In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. One way to tackle this question is______________. Another way that is worth adopting is ______________.54. As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.55. For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasibleconsideration.56. As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________. What’s more, ______________.57. If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer______________. For me, ______________.。
(江苏)2020版高考英语大二轮复习 阅读理解 第二节 推理判断题 一 细节推断题课件 牛津译林版
64.What can we learn from the passage? A.People should be encouraged to make more donations.
√B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.
名师点津
一、题型解读 细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、 人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判 断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确 的推断。题干主要包括六个动词： infer( 推 断 ) ， indicate( 象 征 ， 暗 示 ) ， imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。 该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现： 1.It can be inferred from the text that . 2.We can learn from the passage that . 3.It can be concluded from the passage that . 4.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution ， represented by the Internet ， has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas.This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)，with negative consequences for their economies.
2021年考研英语大作文十大功能段落归纳与范例
2021年考研英语大作文十大功能段落归纳与范例一.历年真题段落类型归纳第一段：[1.现象/现状说明段] [2.图画/图表描述段] [3.观点阐释段]第二段：[4.利弊说明段] [5. 意义阐述段][6. 原因阐释段] [7. 举例说明段]第三段：[8. 趋势预测段] [9. 建议措施段] [10. 归纳结论段]1. 现象/现状说明段2.图画/.图表描述段3.观点阐述段Should the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in China? To judge this issue, we should look at three aspects: What are the advantages of private cars; what are their disadvantages; and is China ready for the free development of private cars?4.利弊说明段Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car---if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.5.意义阐释段6.原因阐释段Fake products are rampant on the market today for the following reasons. To profiteer enormously, quite a few firms produce shoddy goods. These producers do not take into account the quality of their products, but exaggerate their functions or effects. To make easy money, a number of stores knowingly sell counterfeit items. These sellers do not care whether or not the counterfeit items may cause damage to property and injury or even death to individuals, but fix their eyes on the money they can get from their customers.7.举例说明段For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.8.趋势预测段9.建议措施段10.归纳结论段To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.功能句的写法1.描述图画或图表的常用句型As can be clearly seen from the picture, ... 从这张画中可以清楚地看到，……As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasingnumber of foreigners are eager to visit China.从这张画中可以清楚地看到，随着国际文化交流的增加，越来越多的外国人渴望访问中国。
2021届高中英语二轮复习阅读解题解题秘籍推理判断题含答案
英语阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧题型特点设题方式1.(1)The purpose in writing this text is to ...(2)The author writes this passage to ...(3)The author in this passage intends to ...2.推测文章的观点或结论(1)It can be inferred from the passage that...(2)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?(3)From the passage we can conclude that ...3.推断文章出处(1)The passage is most likely to be taken from ...(2)Where would this passage most probably appear?(3)The passage is most likely a part of ....4.是非判断题(1)Which of the following is (not) true or false?(2)All of the following statements are wrong except ...(3)All of the following statements are right/ true except ...(4)Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage/text?5.逻辑排序题(1)Which of the following describes one’s logic in doing sth?(2)Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to…?(3)Choose the right order of the following events in…解题思路首先在进行推理时，要仔细阅读文章，千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法，主观臆断。
2020年新GRE阅读考试模拟试题及答案
2020年新GRE阅读考试模拟试题及答案2020年新GRE阅读考试模拟试题及答案Many theories have been formulated to explain the role of grazers such as zooplankton in controlling the amount of planktonic algae (phytoplankton)in lakes. The first theories of such grazer control were merely based on observations of negative correlations between algal and zooplankton numbers.A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers in areas of high phytoplankton concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion, which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration. This was the first suggestion of algal defenses against grazing.Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton)that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. Increasingly, as in the individual studies of Lund, Round, and Reynolds, researchers began to stress the importance of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and water movements in controlling algal numbers. These environmental factors were amenable to field monitoring and to simulation in the laboratory. Grazing was believed to have some effect on algal numbers, especially after phytoplankton growth rates declined at the end of bloomperiods, but grazing was considered a minor component of models that predicted algal population dynamics.The potential magnitude of grazing pressure on freshwater phytoplankton has only recently been determined empirically. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. The high estimates of grazing pressure postulated by these researchers were not fully accepted, however, until the grazing rates of zooplankton were determined directly in the field, by means of new experimental techniques. Using a specially prepared feeding chamber, Haney was able to record zooplankton grazing ratesin natural field conditions. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. Cladocerans had higher grazing rates than copepods, usually accounting for 80 percent of the community grazing rate. These rates varied seasonally, reaching the lowest point in the winter and early spring. Haney’s thorough research provides convincing field evidence that grazers can exert significant pressure on phytoplankton population.20. The author most likely mentions Hardy’s principl e of animal exclusion in order to(A)give an example of one theory about the interaction of grazers and phytoplankton(B)defend the first theory of algal defenses against grazing(C)support the contention that phytoplankton numbers are controlled primarily by environmental factors(D)demonstrate the superiority of laboratory studies of zooplankton feeding rates to other kinds of studies of such rates(E)refute researchers who believed that low numbers of phytoplankton indicated the grazing effect of low numbers of zooplankton21. It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 4 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(A)observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions(B)discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research(C)understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton(D)make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers(E)invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control22. Which of the following, if true, would call into question H ardy’s principle of animal exclusion?(A)Zooplankton are not the only organisms that are affected by phytoplankton repellents.(B)Zooplankton exclusion is unrelated to phytoplankton population density.(C)Zooplankton population density is higher during some parts of the year than during others.(D)Net phytoplankton are more likely to exclude zooplankton than are nannoplankton.(E)Phytoplankton numbers can be strongly affected by environmental factors.23. The author would be likely to aGREe with which of the following statements regarding the pressure of grazers on phytoplankton numbers?I. Grazing pressure can vary according to the individual type of zooplankton.II. Grazing pressure can be lower in nutrient-poor lakes than in bog lakes.III. Grazing tends to exert about the same pressure as does temperature.(A)I only(B)III only(C)I and II only(D)II and III only(E)I, II, and III24. The passage supplies information to indicate that Hargrave and Geen’s conclusion regarding the grazing pressure exerted by zooplankton on phytoplankton numbers was most similar to the conclusion regarding grazing pressure reached by which of the following researchers?(A)Hardy(B)Lund(C)Round(D)Reynolds(E)Haney25. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which many of the early researchers on grazer control could have improved their data would have been to(A)emphasize the effects of temperature, rather than of light,on phytoplankton(B)disregard nannoplankton in their analysis of phytoplankton numbers(C)collect phytoplankton of all sizes before analyzing the extent of phytoplankton concentration(D)recognize that phytoplankton other than net phytoplankton could be collected in a net(E)understand the crucial significance of net phytoplankton in the diet of zooplankton26. According to the passage, Hargrave and Geen did which of the following in their experiments?(A)They compared the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory with the natural grazing rates of these species.(B)The hypothesized about the population density of grazers in natural habitats by using data concerning the population density of grazers in the laboratory.(C)They estimated the community grazing rates of zooplankton in the laboratory by using data concerning the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton.(D)They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using data concerning the known population density of phytoplankton.(E)They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using laboratory data concerning the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species.27. Which of the following is a true statement about the zooplankton numbers and zooplankton grazing rates observed in Haney’s experiments?(A)While zooplankton numbers began to decline in August,zooplankton grazing rates began to increase.(B)Although zooplankton numbers were high in May, grazing rates did not become high until January.(C)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were higher in December than in November.(D)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were lower in March than in June.(E)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were highest in February.答案 A D B C E C E D。
职称英语阅读理解常用提问方式.doc
职称英语阅读理解常用提问方式1.有关主题思想的问题1) The main（主要的）idea（思想，主意）（文章）is…2) Which best expresses5) The passage mainly discusses（讨论）…6) This passage mainly deals with（涉及）…9) The author（作家）’s purpose（意图）10) What is the passage mainly about?2.有关mention --------true(not true)1) Why does the author mention（说起，提起）…2) Which of the following statements true(not true)is not mentioned?3.1))…2)In paragraph 4, “ it ” refer to (means)………4.有关判断、推理和引申的问题1) It can be inferred(推断) from the passage that….2) Which of the following can be3) It can be concluded(结论) from the passage that ….5.有关领会作者的观点、意图和态度的问题1)The author’s main（主要的）purpose(目的) in this passage is….2)The author’s purpose of writing this passage is….3)In this passage the author’s attitude（看法）could best..4)The author’s main thought（思想）is that…---------------------------------------------------------The passage indicates表明that ……It is believed by scientists thatIt can be seen from the passage that……。
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It can be seen from the graph that obviously, women are not receiving the equal treatment in business. Usually, they do harder works but earn less money and they always don’t have a chance to occupy a higher position, and the higher the position, the fewer women there are.
So, why women can not be treated ass well as men ?
In my opinion, there are two mainly reasons which lead to the position of women today : one is natural biology, the other is cultural influence. It can not be denied that women and men are made to be different, men are stronger and more ambitious, while women are soft and easier to be irresolute and hesitant. So, maybe the nature has designed all. On the other hand, we all learn behaviors and attitudes for a given sex, boy learn to be boy and girl learn to be girl, which strengthen the effect of genes. Although women are weaker than men at some aspects, they are getting stranger. So, we should treat everyone equally, and especially give more chances to women. Perhaps, women can never have the same treatment as men, I think it will be better and better.。