现代物流练习题和答案(六)

现代物流练习题和答案（六）I．Choose the correct word or phrases to complete each sentence according to the text:1. Inventory is required if a firm is to economies of scale in purchasing, transportation, and manufacturing.a. achieveb. realizec. bring about2. Transportation economies are possible with large volume shipments, but in order to these more economical rates, larger quantities of finished goods inventory are required at manufacturing locations.a. utilizeb. take this opportunityc. take advantages of3. In addition, substantial idle capacity and wide in the labor force would result if the company were to produce for demand.a. undulationb. fluctuationc. uncertainty4. Inventory makes it possible for each of a firm’s plants to the products that is manufactures.a. specialize inb. produce exclusivelyc. make specially5. The economies that result from the longer production runs, as well as savings in transportation costs, more than the costs of additional handling.a. make upb. remedyc. offset6. Raw materials inventories in excess of that required to support production can speculative purchase made because management expects a future price increase or future supply is in doubt.a. result inb. result fromc. some out of7. The of work in process within the manufacturing complex permits maximum economies of production without work stoppage.a. buildupb. accumulationc. stockpiling8. While shortage of raw materials can normal manufacturing operations, excessive inventories can increase costs and reduce profitability by increasing carrying costs.a. break upb. splitc. separated. disrupt9. Finally, finished goods inventory can be used as a means of improving customer service levels by reducing the of a stockout due to unanticipated demand.a. probabilityb. possibilityc. likelihood10. Inventory is then to enable consumer or customer purchase.a. positionedb. orientatedc. locatedII.Put the following into English:1.既然需求与订货间隔是不变的，且是已知的，所订货可安排在最后一单位售完时到达。

2.为了计算库存保管费，在途库存应在运输起点即看成是库存。

3.在多数经营情况下，管理人员必须能够应付需求与订货间隔期的变化。

4.为了获得数量折扣，制造商通常大量采购原材料。

5.为了面对过时带来的不良后果，没有需求的项目应转运到另一地。

6.理解库存在制造与营销中的作用7.利用单价减让的优点8.储存产成品库存的理由与储存原材料库存的理由是相似的。

9.维持库存的费用必须与所实现的生产节省相比较。

10.维持相对稳定的劳动力11.超过当前需求12.预防不稳定性III．Put the following into Chinese:1.The assumptions of constant demand and lead time remove the complexities involved ininventory management.2.No inventory beyond the average cycle stock is required.3.three alternative reorder strategies4.at the place of shipment origin5.to protect against the possibility of a strike6.to maintain a stable workload and labor force7.to offer higher levels of product availability and less chance of a stockout8.Inventory usually acts as a buffer for the following critical interfaces.9.in order to successfully achieve time utility and place utility10.Raw materials must be moved from a source of supply to the manufacturing location,where they will be input into the manufacturing process.11.The nest step is the strategic deployment of finished goods inventory to field locations.12.All of there product flows result from a transaction between the manufacturer and itscustomer.13.The entire process depends on a communications network that moves information from thecustomer to the firm.14.to move a product backward through the channel for a variety of reasonsIV. Answer the following questions:1.What is cycle stock?2.What are in-transit inventories?3.What is safety or buffer stock?4.What is speculative stock?5.What is seasonal stock?6.What is dead stock?7.If the rate of sales for a product was a constant 30 units per day and the lead time wasalways 12 days, which kind of inventory would be required?8.Assume that order placed is on day zero, the predicted demand is 25 units per day and thelead time is a constant 12 days. If management believes that the maximum variation in demand would be plus or minus 5 units, how many safety stocks should be required?9.Assume that order placed is on day zero, and the demand is a constant 25 units per day, butlead time can vary by plus or minus two days, and management believes that shipments would never arrive more than 2 days late, how many safety stock should be required?答案：I．Choose the correct word or phrases to complete each sentence according to the text:1.a2.c3.b4.a5.c6.b7.c8.d9.c 10.aII. Put the following into English:1) Since demand and lead time are constant and known, orders are scheduled to arrive just as the last unit is sold.2) In order to calculate the cost of carrying inventory, the in-transit inventories should be regarded as inventory at the place of shipment origin.3）In most business situations management must be able to deal with variability in demand and lead time.4) In order to achieve the quantity discount, manufacturers always purchase in large volumes.5) In order to avoid the bad results from out of date, the projects which are not demanded should be moved to another place.6) Understand the role of inventory in manufacturing and marketing.7）take advantage of the per-unit price reductions8) The reasons for holding finished goods inventory are similar to reasons for holding raw materials inventory.9) The cost of maintaining this inventory must be compared to the production savings realized.10) Maintain a relatively stable work force11) In excess of current demand12）protect from uncertaintiesIII．Put the following into Chinese:1) 固定需求与固定订货间隔期的假设避开了库存管理的复杂性。