1#TRT试运行方案资料
最新人教版高中英语选择性必修三课件Unit 1语法精析课
3. Learn and master the functions of Infinitive. 标
4. Learn and use Infinitive fluently in writing.
语法精讲透析
动词不定式作表语和定语 体验•悟 朗读下列句子, 体会动词不定式的用法 ①Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. ②During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. ③The best way to do business is to build trust between you and your client. ④When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggestion is to listen to your own inner voice. ⑤The mother believes her duty is to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart. ⑥All he wanted after a tiring day was to be left alone.
二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。 1. 动词不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)动词不定式作定语可表将来的还没发生的动作。 ※There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前, 还有许多要处理的问题。
高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;
新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案
Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。
一如既往一的意思
一如既往一的意思“一如既往”这个词里的“一”,意思是“完全”“始终”“一直”的意思呀。
就是说某种状态、行为或者情况从过去到现在一直保持着,没有发生改变,就像一条直线似的,直直地延续下来啦。
衍生注释:“一”在这里作为副词,起到了强调的作用,强调了那种从头到尾的连贯性和一致性。
它不是指单纯的数字一哦,而是带有一种始终如一、不间断的意味。
比如说“一如既往地努力”,就是说从始至终都保持着努力的状态,没有松懈过呢。
在很多类似的词语里,“一”都有这种表示持续、连贯的意思呢。
像“一以贯之”,也是说用一种思想、原则等贯穿始终呀,这个“一”同样是强调从头到尾不变的那个劲儿。
赏析:“一如既往”这个词因为有了这个“一”,才让整个词充满了一种坚定和执着的感觉呢。
它能很形象地表达出一个人或者一件事在时间的长河里,始终保持着某种特质或者做法,给人一种靠谱、稳定的印象。
就好比一棵大树,不管风吹雨打,始终“一如既往”地扎根在那里,稳稳当当的,让人看着就觉得安心呀。
这种始终如一的感觉,在生活中可是很珍贵的呢,无论是对待友情、爱情还是工作等方面,能做到一如既往,那可都是值得点赞的哟。
作者介绍:“一如既往”其实是个常用的成语啦,它并不是某一个特定作者单独创作出来的哦。
它是在咱们汉语的长期发展过程中,经过人们不断地使用和沉淀,逐渐形成的一个固定的表达方式,用来准确地传达那种始终保持不变的意思呢。
以下是五个运用片段:例子1:我和我那好哥们儿的友情呀,那可真是一如既往地深厚呢。
从小学认识到现在,都多少年啦,我俩还是跟以前一样铁。
每次我有啥烦心事,第一个想到的就是找他倾诉。
就说上次我在工作上出了点岔子,心里别提多郁闷啦。
我给他打电话,他一听就说:“嘿,怕啥呀,兄弟我在呢!”然后就跑来陪我,给我出主意,就跟小时候我被欺负了他来帮我出头一样。
咱这感情,就像那老房子的地基,稳稳当当的,不管过了多久,都是一如既往的好呀,你说是不是很难得?例子2:我奶奶对我那可真是一如既往地疼爱呀。
1的数学符号
1的数学符号
在数学中,“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示,也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。
同时,在某些特定的数学领域或公式中,可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式,例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。
因此,具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。
在数学中,数字1它有多个释义,以下为其中几个常见的含义:
1. 在集合论中,1表示所有非空有限集合的个数,即第一可数序集的势。
2. 在数学逻辑中,1表示逻辑真值“真”,即所有命题的真实性。
3. 在代数中,1表示乘法单位元,任何数乘以1都等于其本身。
4. 在几何学中,1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。
5. 在概率论中,1表示必然事件发生的概率,即概率为1的事件。
需要注意的是,具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。
因此,对于数字1的数学符号,需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。
新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A
Exercises
汉译英: 今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一 份日报,那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的?你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你 是怎么知道的?因为报纸有不同的版面,如果你对体育感兴 趣,你只看体育版;如果你想了解商业信息,你只看商业版。 即使这样,你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的 标题突出了文章的要点,这就方便了你的选择。另外,报纸 的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面,你 通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样,你便可以选择只 读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.
SCH英寸对照表(1)
表示英制管壁厚系列:Sch.20----全称:Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用,碳钢不用。举个例子:2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢;2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法: 钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1)是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁 厚。 管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。 即: Sch=P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级:Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级:Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2)以钢管壁厚尺寸表示 中 国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3)是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种: a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管,以XS表示 c.特厚管,以XXS表示。 对于DN≤ 250mn的管子,Sch40相当于STD,DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"
一的教案幼儿园
一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容,幼儿应该能够:1.认识数字1;2.能够正确书写数字1;3.了解数字1的基本概念,如1只能用来表示一件事物等。
教学内容知识点1:认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一,它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。
在幼儿学习数字的过程中,数字1是最先学习的数字之一。
知识点2:正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是:1.先画一条竖线;2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线,这条线可以稍微短一点;3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”,可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。
知识点3:了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量,不能用来表示多个事物或数量。
例如,“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法,“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。
教学方法方法1:游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。
比如,在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品,让幼儿选出只有1个的物品,并用数字1标记。
方法2:互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题,让幼儿们一起思考并回答。
可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题,让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。
方法3:故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事,让故事中的主人公使用数字1。
例如,“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果,1个橘子和1个香蕉,她很开心地回家了”。
教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。
例如,通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。
总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容,掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用,也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。
因此,以互动教学法为主,创造出生动有趣的教学场景,让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏,既能让幼儿学习数字知识,又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。
1班押韵口号
《1班押韵口号》其一,一班一班,活力满满,知识赛场,如虎下山。
就像运动健儿在赛场上全力冲刺,咱一班在知识的赛道上也毫不畏惧,每次考试都能像勇士攻克堡垒般,拿下难题,取得佳绩,难道咱会输给别人?其二,一班众将,气势高昂,团结如钢,光芒万丈。
记得那次拔河比赛,大家齐心协力,手臂上青筋暴起,如同坚固的链条,把对手一点点拉过来,这团结的力量,谁能阻挡?其三,一班同窗,志在翱翔,学习之洋,扬帆起航。
如同勇敢的航海者面对浩瀚大海,咱一班面对学习的海洋,拿起书本做船桨,划向那成功的远方,怎会在半路迷失方向?其四,一班伙伴,心手相牵,困难当前,勇往直前。
有同学摔倒受伤,大家纷纷伸出援手,没有丝毫犹豫,就像一群守护彼此的天使,这样的一班,啥困难能难倒咱?其五,一班儿郎,才情飞扬,文艺殿堂,闪耀华光。
上次文艺汇演,唱歌跳舞朗诵样样行,那歌声似百灵鸟婉转,舞姿像蝴蝶翩跹,舞台上的咱是不是超棒?其六,一班学子,毅力似石,学业之崎,稳步登陟。
不管是背单词还是做习题,都像登山者攀爬高峰,一步一个脚印,从不放弃,这种毅力,是不是很牛?其七,一班团队,智慧荟萃,思维之汇,灵感迸飞。
课堂讨论时,大家你一言我一语,各种新奇想法碰撞,如同烟花绽放,这样的智慧火花,能不绚烂?其八,一班挚友,欢乐长守,校园里头,笑声长有。
课间休息,教室里充满欢声笑语,大家分享趣事,那笑声能把屋顶掀翻,这样的快乐时光,谁不羡慕?其九,一班群星,璀璨亮晶晶,梦想之境,携手同行。
每个人都有自己的梦想,像星星在夜空闪烁,大家相互鼓励,一起向梦想进发,咱能不实现梦想吗?其十,一班骄子,青春如诗,成长之枝,结满果实。
在这美好的青春岁月,一班同学努力成长,就像果树在春天开花夏天结果,收获的季节,咱肯定能满载而归。
一班的口号,喊出的是咱的士气,展现的是咱的风采,凝聚的是咱的力量,这力量能让一班在任何时候都勇往直前,创造属于自己的辉煌。
高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start
Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢?下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯,希望对大家喜欢。
脑筋急转弯: 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案:1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个,又夹走了一个,没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长,竖着看是卅,旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里,不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝,问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西,为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人,已载49人,后来又有一孕妇上船,结果船仍沉入了水中,为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人,其中一个因偷窃要关一年,另一个是抢劫杀人犯,却只关两个月,为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说,你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃,熟的可以吃,用刀切不开,洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动,有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动,为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚,小明遇见一个鬼,为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的,别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病,可他每天总往牙科跑,这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来,谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡,为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟,为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的,冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹,因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会,个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案:靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。
商务英语综合教程1课后翻译
Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。
新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照
Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好!作为校长,我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果,也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。
在这所大学里,我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻,我想起自己高中毕业时的情景,还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
1#TRT机组试车方案(草案)一、机组概况、方案1、概述本机组是陕西鼓风机集团生产的MPG8----222/170两级静叶可调的高炉煤气余压透平发电装置。
是利用1#1080m3高炉炉顶温度较高、压力不高、但流量颇大的煤气,导入透平中膨胀作功,驱动发电机发电的能量回收机组。
机组正常运转时,与高炉减压阀组并联运行,共同调节炉顶压力、净化煤气,对促使高炉顺行,增产有良好作用。
该机组的工厂设计由山东冶金院设计,机组本体与辅机的安装由陕鼓承建。
该机组由八大部分组成:(1)透平机;(2)发配电系统;(3)循环冷却水系统;(4)氮气密封保护系统;(5)润滑油系统;(6)液压伺服控制系统;(7)煤气管道及大型阀门系统;(8)自控系统;2主要设备2.1透平机设备制造厂:西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司型号:MPG8—222/170工作介质:高炉煤气进口额定流量:220000Nm3/h 进口最大流量:260000Nm3/h进口温度:170~250℃进口压力:0.12~0.17MPa出口压力:0.01MPa 工作转速:3000r/min轴功率:4370~7910kW旋转方向:顺时针(从进气端看)2.2发电机制造厂家:上海电机厂额定功率:8000kW 额定电流:550A 额定电压:10.5kV功率因数:0.8临界转速:一阶/二阶:1571/4447 r/min3 试运项目3.1润滑油系统冲洗、检查、调试;3.2动力液压伺服控制系统冲洗、检查、调试;3.3自控系统检查、调试;3.4透平单机试运或空负荷试车;3.5联动试车、带负荷试车;4试运时间和目的4.1按照《冶金机械设备安装工程施工及验收规范》(YBJ208-85)炼铁系统中的设备相关规定,本次单机试车运转时间为4小时,带负荷试车连续运转72小时。
4.2机组在进行完附属设备和单机试车后,进行机组联动试车,通过检验以下项目,达到对设备质量和安装质量的考核、验收。
4.2.1检验机组带负荷的机械性能;4.2.2检验机组对煤气系统的调节;4.2.3检验机组对电网的影响;4.2.4检验管线及附属设备;4.2.5检验机组DCS自动控制系统;4.2.6考核机组的整体机械性能;二、机组分部试运行1煤气管道、水管道的吹扫和冲洗煤气、水管道运行前的清洗应按下列规定进行:1.1主煤气管道、快速切断阀、电动调节旁通阀管道应按管道规范清扫合格,内部清洁,不得存有焊渣和异物。
1.2 所有进、出口煤气管道打压合格,支撑坚固,满足工艺要求。
1.3检查煤气、氮气、排气管道应严防异物或焊渣进入系统,并及时封闭。
1.4氮气密封和排气管道应有足够的压力和流量的氮气进行吹扫,每次不低于5—10分钟。
直至排气洁净合格为止,方可联接缸体。
(加上洁净检验标准)1.5循环水系统的容器、管道、阀门、法兰结合面、焊缝、堵头、接头等应检查并确认无泄露.1.6清洗或吹扫前,必须结合现场特点制定措施,经批准后执行,并应尽可能加装临时消音装置。
1.7泠油器、空冷器等应冲洗至水质透明。
1.8冲洗或吹扫与附属机械或辅助设备连接的管道时,应卸开进口法兰或接临时管排大气。
1.9循环水系统管道应冲洗至水质透明.2辅助设备的试运行2.1辅助设备动力油泵、润滑油泵、盘车油泵、快速切断阀、快开阀、插板阀及各调节阀门。
2.2检查内容除具备机组及辅助设备试运应具备的条件外,还应进行检查:电动机经过单独空负荷试运合格,旋转方向正确。
各泵和阀门远方和就地操作按钮试验合格。
手动盘动转子,设备内应无摩擦声和卡涩等现象。
裸露的转动部分应装好防护罩。
各阀门阀位指示和输出信号一致。
各泵和阀门有关联锁自动保护装置应经过调试、模拟试验,动作灵敏、准确。
电动泵试运一般连续运转4—8小时。
2.3电动泵试运行应达到下列要求2.3.1空负荷试验电机达到标准,并确认正反转后,连上联轴器带负荷试车泵的出口压力稳定并达到额定数值;2.3.2电动机在空载及满载工况下的电流,均不超过额定值。
2.3.3轴承垂直、水平、轴向振动,用经过校验合格的振动表测定不超过下表规定。
2.3.4轴承油温不高于制造厂规定值,一般使用润滑油的温度为45~65℃;油泵油压、给油和轴承回油正常,轴承无渗油现象。
2.3.5轴承无异音、振动和发热现象。
2.3.6泵类轴密封吸入侧严密,温度正常。
2.3.7各传动部分声音正常,泵内无水冲击现象。
2.3.8对于附属机械的各项联锁装置,结合试运行试验和调整,并应符合设计要求。
3.润滑油系统试运3.1.油系统试运行前和油循环冲洗应具备的条件和注意事项3.1.1油系统设备及管道全部装好,清理干净并严密封闭,系统经承压检查无渗漏;3.1.2 备好灌油及油循环所需临时设施,各轴承进油管无滤油器,应准备临时滤网,装好冲洗回路,将供油系统中所有过滤器的滤芯、节流孔板等可能限制流量的部件均取出。
3.1.3备有足量符合制造厂要求的并经化验符合国家标准的汽轮机油(46#汽轮机油)。
3.1.4各油泵的电机及系统上的排烟系统经空载试运行,正常。
3.1.5油系统设备、管道表面及周围环境清理干净,无易燃物,工作区域周围无明火作业;3.1.6备好沙箱、灭火器等消防用具;3.1.7确认事故排油系统连接正确,阀门操作灵活,事故排油井内清理干净。
3.1.8灌油或放油时,汽轮机油的容器应清洁,不得使用未经彻底清理的盛过其他油的容器,装油和运油时应严防与其他油种的容器混淆。
3.1.9向油箱灌油时,应经过滤油机,特殊情况下,直接向油箱灌油时,必须用铜丝布或落卷布过滤,滤网应不低于120目。
3.1.10油箱灌油及油系统充油时,应检查下列各项并应符合要求a.油箱和油系统设备及管道无渗漏;b.油位指示器动作灵活,其指示与油箱中的实际油位值相符。
c.高油位与低油位信号应调整正确。
3.2润滑油系统的冲洗3.2.1第一次冲洗a.用滤油机向油箱注入冲洗油,冲洗油牌号应和润滑油相同。
b.在第一次冲洗时应将各轴承进、回油管短接,不让冲洗油进入轴承箱。
c.第一次冲洗时间48小时,并采用热油(70~80℃)和冷油(38℃)在4小时内交替变化冲洗。
这样有助于松动管内的任何硬质沉渣。
冲洗过程中,用一个木槌不断敲打所有油管,尤其是弯头及焊口处。
敲打应从进油处开始,顺着油流方向敲打。
d.第一次冲洗取出过滤器中的过滤芯片,可在过滤器后及回油管进油箱前增设过滤网,滤网一般采用120~200目不锈钢网。
避免管道中的脏物进入油箱。
e.每四小时停泵检查清洗一次。
f.确认第一次冲洗合格后,将冲洗油排出,并彻底清洗油箱、各轴承箱等。
未经冲洗的管道应用蒸汽吹净。
去掉轴承的进、回油管道的短接。
3.2.2第二次冲洗a.打开油箱底部闸阀,直到确认无杂质排出时关闭。
在电动油泵未启动前,油箱的液位应在液位计的上限。
并准备好足够的合格油,以便在油位低于正常值时能立即通过滤网加入。
b.第二次冲洗根据油的污染程度现场确定是否用滤油机向油箱重新注入干净的冲洗油,对油系统再次冲洗。
c.第二次冲洗要求过滤器压差在6小时内保持恒定为止。
d.第二次冲洗合格后,将冲洗油排出。
再次认真清洗油箱和检查轴承箱的清洗情况。
确认一切合格后,用滤油机向油箱内加入正式的46#透平油。
e.油站的安装、调试及清洗方法详见说明书。
3.2.3打开冷油器冷却水进口截止阀,排尽管内空气,然后关闭截止阀。
在机组启动后调节该阀使冷油器出口油温稳定在40—50℃。
3.2.4润滑油系统循环前各阀门阀位开关确认。
3.2.5检查油温,如果油温低于20℃,将电加热器投入,启动电动油泵使油循环加热。
3.2.6油冷却器和油过滤器通过旁路阀先向备用冷油器和过滤器供油,并充分排气,待油充满后关闭排气阀,切换到使用冷油器和油过滤器待气排净后关闭排气阀。
3.2.7调整油站上的自励式调节阀,使机组最远端点轴承处总管油压力为0.15MPa,各轴瓦进油压力调整控制在0.08—0.12MPa(若无压力表,应加装),各回油畅通。
3.2.8润滑油系统参数的整定油箱油温≤20℃电加热器启动;≥25℃电加热器自动停止冷油器出口油温正常40℃≥45℃报警润滑油机组旁油压正常0.12~0.15MPa≤0.08MPa 报警(辅助油泵启动);≤0.05MPa联锁停机油过滤器压差≥0.15MPa报警油箱油位距油箱顶面525mm报警3.2.9电动油泵联锁开关打至自动,检查润滑油压低辅助油泵自启情况。
试验完后使油压正常。
3.2.10油站的维护和运行过程中的检查详见使用说明书。
4.动力油系统的试运行4.1动力油系统的冲洗4.1.1动力油站在出厂前应进行全面清洗。
4.1.2低压冲洗(P≤2MPa)动力油站和伺服马达分流板之间的油管路冲洗。
在冲洗前(低压冲洗),将电磁阀部分用盖板盖住,并将电液伺服阀盖板去掉换上冲洗板。
这样进回油管线在分流板内直接连接。
快开阀液控平台和旁通阀油动机油缸前进、出口油管道短接。
冲洗系统时不可将两台泵同时启动。
冲洗油应和工作油牌号相同。
当滤油器保持6小时差压无变化时,可认为系统已冲洗干净。
4.1.3高压冲洗(P=12.5MPa)停油泵,拆掉冲洗板,加装盲板;恢复其他管道连接,快开阀电液伺服器加装盲板。
重新启动油泵,在正常压力条件下调整保安油(快切阀和危急保安器用油)为6MPa,通过操作各电磁阀,慢开、慢关伺服马达和旁通阀、快开阀,对伺服马达缸体和各阀油缸及油管路进行冲洗。
冲洗过程中至少保证5个小时,并观察以下几点:a.反复动作切换至少10~15次,且相互交替地充满和排空每一侧的伺服马达和油缸腔室。
b.分别排空两个蓄能器至少15次。
c.确认冲洗干净后,将冲洗油排出,把油箱内沉淀的杂质清理干净。
并更换过滤器芯子重新加入经过过滤机过滤后过滤精度不低于5μm的工作油。
重复一次高压冲洗,检验油是否合格,检验标准引用NA16-1638要求达到7级标准。
确认油质合格后去掉盲板换上电液伺服阀。
动力油站的安装与调试详见使用说明书。
4.2打开油箱底部截止阀,当确认无任何杂质与水时,将该阀关闭。
在电动油泵启动前,油箱的液位应在液位计上限。
4.3打开冷油器冷却水进口截止阀,排净罐内空气,然后关闭截止阀。
系统工作时油箱油温≥45℃时投入冷油器。
4.4动力油系统循环阀位开关检查4.5油箱油温低于20℃将电加热器投入。
待油温升至20℃时启动油泵。
油温升至25℃时停止加热器。
4.6滤油器先切换到备用滤油器,待充分排气后,再切换到使用的滤油器上来。
4.7动力油系统先进行30分钟的1~2MPa的低负荷运行。
然后逐渐增加负荷为12.5MPa运行15分钟。
确认系工作正常后即可投入正式使用。
4.8缓慢地分别打开蓄能器进油截止阀。
待油充满确认蓄能器正常后,将其中一个蓄能器进油截止阀关闭,并缓慢打开放油阀将油放回油箱,确认油放完后,关闭放油阀将该蓄能器作为备用。