Lecture 4虚拟,名从 ppt课件

4
Mood
Use
Indicative to express facts
mood and opinions 陈述语气
Imperative to express
mood commands and 祈使语气 requests
Subjunctiv to express a wish, e mood虚 hypothesis, etc. 拟语气
• We would have been in real trouble but for your help. (=if it hadn’t been for your help)
• But that she saw it with her own eyes, she could not have believed it.(=If she hadn’t seen it with her own eyes.)
• 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利 用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条 件的手段有：
• （1） 介词或介词短语，如：but for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。
分词
would
与现在事实可能 动词过去式
相反 2020/12/27
（be一般用 were）
Should + 动词原形 7
would
一般现在时 现在进行时
现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 2020/12/27
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
• If only I had been born a millionaire! • But for the rain, we would be climbing the mountain
now. • Without your help, I could not have finished the job
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Lecture 5 虚拟语气、名词性从句
1
现代英语的虚拟式只有两种形式，即be-型 虚拟式(be-subjunctive)和were-型虚拟式 (were-subjunctive)。我们主要讨论这两种虚 拟式的用法。
• Were型虚拟式主要用在非真实条件句中或 用于表达不可能实现的愿望；be型虚拟式 主要用于表示命令、请求和建议等。
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去将来
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成进行时
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• The subjunctive mood is used in dependent clauses that 1) express a wish; 2) begin with if and express a condition that does not exist (is contrary to fact); 3) begin with the following phrases when such clauses describe a speculation or condition contrary to fact:
用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望 或婉转的责备。
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• It’s(high, about) time that 句型中that从 句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过 去式。
• 例如：It’s very late. It’s time we had to go home.
•
by now. • I would rather I were not at the site of the accident. • Suppose the earth were flat. • He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
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Examples
I am young. You are Late. He is not patient.
Be patient! Let’s do our homework right now! Don’t be late!
If I were rich …, If he were not here …, If they were rich… 5
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精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？ • 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你
是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ • 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭 • “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我
笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” • “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
It’s high time that we did
*I wish I am I wish I were
ten years younger.
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条件从句的谓 语动词
主句的谓语动词
与将来事实相反 1. 动词过去式 2. should + 动
词原形
3. were to + 动词原形
Should + 动词原形
would
与过去事实相反 Had + 过去分词 Should + have + 过去
• We would never have got there without the guide.(=if we hadn’t had the guide…)
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• would(had)rather, would as soon, would sooner和 would prefer所引起的从 句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，
*If I am the
will not give the students
If I were teacher, I would too much assignment
*If you get
there
will have catch the
If you had got earlier, you would have bus