老人与海讲座

Courage is grace under pressure.
► 他们在外界巨大的压力和厄运打击时，仍然
坚强不屈，勇往直前，甚至视死如归，他们 尽管失败了，却保持了人的尊严和勇气，有 着胜利者的风度 .
► 《老人与海》所刻画出来的正是海明威的一
辈子最好的画像，正如海明威所说，"我一直 读过200多遍，每读一次，我就多一份收获， 好像我最后得到了我这一生辛苦工作所欲得 到的东西"。
The Old Man and the Sea
• First Edition • The story of
“The Old Man and the Sea”
The Wisdom of living : Symbolic significance of “The Old Man and the Sea”
The Old Manຫໍສະໝຸດ and the Sea• In Our Time在我们的年代里(第一部） • The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起（成名作） • Farewell to Arms永别了，武器（恋人的幸福
被战争摧毁的悲剧） • For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣（反法 西斯主题） • The Old Man and the Sea（1952）(晚期 代表作,获普利策奖,诺贝尔文学奖)
Courage is grace under pressure.
Top 5 quotes from Courage
1."It
requires more courage to suffer than to die." 2."Bravery is the capacity to perform properly even when scared half to death." 3."Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than fear." 4."Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts." 5."Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once."
(6) After the war, he still worked as a reporter. He also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII.
(8) He is a tough guy with rather masculine manner. In all his life, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfight and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments were taken out from Hemingway’s body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by lots of people and his life style was imitated.
(9) In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home. (Reason? can’t write, can’t enjoy tough games, bad health etc.)
Hemingway was asked to write a short eulogy for one of his friends, Gene Van Guilder, who was accidently shot while duck hunting. The epitaph on the memorial reads:
The Wisdom of living
2.老人辛苦打的马林鱼被吃掉，说明什么？ －－故事的前叙事（84天空手而返) ----第85天,到深海去.(人是被抛在这个世界 中的,人只好孤独地面对这个力量无边\宽阔 无边的世界,人无法掌握世界,探知世界的真 理,现代科技导致人对自身力量的再认识.)
(4) Though his father hoped him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to enter university. He chose to be a reporter. (5) During the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway came to Italy to work as an ambulance driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield. The nightmarish war experience changed his life.
The dignity of Human being
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
► 桑提亚哥是海明威所崇尚的完美的人的象征：
坚强、宽厚、仁慈、充满爱心，即使在人生 的角斗场上失败了，面对不可逆转的命运， 他仍然是精神上的强者.
The dignity of Human being
Contents
• About the Author • The Story of “The Old Man and the Sea” • The Wisdom of living : Symbolic
significance of “The Old Man and the Sea” • The dignity of Human being
About the author
Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特· 海明 威
• Timeless Hemingway
1.
Life
(He is a legendary hero in American literature. Besides his novels, as a man his life experience is quite a miracle.) (1) born in a small town called Oak Park in Illinois near Chicago (2) father: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; mother: music teacher (3) a happy childhood; a lover of brutal sports, such as boxing and football in middle school
1.人与世界的关系 －－故事发生的年代？为什么海明威忽略 小说的第一要素时间？ －－老人与大海分别象征什么？ －－为什么用老人象征人类？(圣经中的 摩西,圣诞老人,以及现代派作品中如<椅子 >等)
解读人与世界的关系:
a.孤独的老人:有着漫长历史\丰富经验的人 类,孤独地面对着神秘莫测的世界,人无法把 握这个世界,只好在这个世界的具体规定中 展开自己的行为. b.明知无望,必须做出选择.明知失败也要抗 争.(SISYPHUS 西西弗斯）
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
“But man is not made for defeat,”he said.“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
A:人的肉体可以被消灭,但精神不败. B:老人上岸后梦到了狮子,梦见了力量,说 明什么? C:关于海明威的自杀.
The Wisdom of living
3.老人精神的传承问题 ----游客不认识马林鱼骨. ----当地厨师回答是鲨鱼. ----在书中,鲨鱼用西班牙文说出,为什么? 老人的精神不被理解,精神不败是非常孤独 的体验,当老人筋疲力尽时,只有一个小孩陪 伴他.
---小孩子又象征什么? ---小孩要与老人一起去打鱼,意味着什么? 海明威一方面相信老人的精神真的有人传承, 一方面又不敢肯定.最后留下一个不定的结 局. 物质主义思潮下,一切都是媚俗(无所不在的 媚俗).不死的精神成为最难理解的东西.
Hemingway