Settlements Ecological Ereas Design Abstract
永定河英文介绍
永定河英文介绍永定河（Yongding River）是中国北方的一条重要河流，流经北京市及河北省的一些地区。
以下是对永定河的英文介绍：The Yongding River, spanning across northern China, is a significant river that traverses through Beijing and various regions of Hebei Province. It holds historical, cultural, and ecological importance in the region.Key Features:●Course: The Yongding River originates in the Yuquan Mountain of Beijing and flows throughseveral districts of the city, including Mentougou and Fengtai, before continuing its course through Hebei Province.●Length: With a total length of approximately 524 kilometers, the river plays a crucial role inthe water resources of the region.●Cultural Significance: Historically, the Yongding River has been integral to the developmentand prosperity of the areas it passes through. It has witnessed the growth of settlements and played a role in agricultural practices.●Ecological Importance: The river and its surrounding areas provide a diverse ecosystem thatsupports various species of flora and fauna. Wetlands along its course serve as habitats for migratory birds.●Water Management: Given its importance, efforts have been made to manage and protectthe Yongding River's water resources. Water conservation projects and ecological restoration initiatives aim to ensure the sustainability of the river's ecosystem.●Challenges: Like many rivers worldwide, the Yongding River faces challenges such aspollution and water scarcity. Ongoing conservation projects are addressing these issues to maintain the ecological balance and preserve the river's vitality.●Tourism and Recreation: The scenic beauty of the Yongding River, coupled with its culturalsignificance, attracts tourists and locals alike. Some areas along its banks offer recreational activities and opportunities to appreciate nature.In summary, the Yongding River stands as a vital watercourse with historical, cultural, and ecological significance in northern China, contributing to the region's development and offering a diverse environment for both residents and visitors.。
休闲住区环境景观设计原则探讨
Leisure settlements environmental principles of landscape designAbstract: the survival of mankind conventional requirements, the requirements of aesthetic, ecological requirements are based on a two-tier suburbs and the ecological concept of leisure settlements landscape design principles, with a view to leisure settlements provide the basis for environmental landscape design, Settlements for the leisure landscape of the environment and the ecological environment created to provide some help.Keywords: landscape design aesthetic environment leisure SettlementsEcological functions of the modern leisure settlements is a form of urban settlements, a two-tier suburbs and ecological concepts, create a landscape in the urban landscape with the biggest difference is that the latter is the first building to the landscape elements or Performance, and the leisure settlements should be firmly implemented to plants and natural landscape as the first element or performance of the principle. This is not only the aesthetic practices and aesthetic effect on the show and the different cities, reflects a higher level of natural beauty, but more importantly also to provide more ecosystem services, so that the region's environment is better and more useful On human health. To achieve such a Ziran Wu as the first elements of the landscape settlements, we think we should focus on the following three aspects: 11 principles:1. The basic requirements1.1 NaturalizationLeisure life is to avoid tension and noisy city, is the return to nature, therefore landscape and the impact of a very prominent role. Generally speaking, the leisure landscape and garden arrangements must be natural, or to reflect the original nature of the United States, or reflect idyllic scenery and avoid artificial Diaozhuo marks. Even in the natural ecological system has been seriously damaged abandoned the ground, should also be possible to restore the original appearance of the ecosystem or to the environment and local conditions suited to the direction of creating a pastoral scenery. Landscape and garden plants is the first element in their choice, we should make moreuse of local native trees, growth, and can provide the greatest ecological services, maintenance costs low.1.2 people becoming staticLeisure Landscape Architecture Planning and Design, should be based on guiding people tend to alleviate the feelings of calm, the zone has a Juechen refined feeling, and feel the tension in the world outside is not the same, the people suddenly relaxed down. Plants do not contrast too much with color, anti simple and large areas of tension in the geometric composition, a guide lines, of course, also need to avoid further chaos and broken. Waterscape arrangements should also be quieter than the hubbub. Pieces sculpture to be quiet and warm, do not张狂. The introduction of animals to moderate the beautiful but not ugly frightening. Of course, not understanding the leisure to do everywhere in the settlements quietly. Local bustling place or in need, such as clubs, beaches, pier, retail and other commercial areas.2. Aesthetic requirements2.1 The principle themePlanning should have any garden theme, including the overall theme and sub-,sub-theme, it is landscape planning control and guidance, Qie outline of a leading role. But in Fuzao the planning of urban settlements, often subject to cancellation, and meet in a no ideological, scientific and functional arrangements of the letter I mark, calling a stag a horse of the so-called "beautiful" painting. And compared with urban settlements, leisure settlements higher grades, is also planning standards should be higher and more of talent, only thinking of the election a depth of the subject, can make a really good landscape planning.2.2 the principle of points - lineThe so-called face, refers to the entire community or area of a relatively independent part of the landscape garden in the building of the space. But the whole area of the plane homogenization not create a good visual effects, there should be some limits for the program, the division of space, that difference, guide or blocking line of sight.Line and the line will cross, the line is too long for easily cause blurred vision also need continuity, will be a presence. Properly handle the relations among these, the landscape on the kind Zou Bule. If unable to grasp, has done more detail, drawing in the paintings to "look good", but also to Zuobu Chu good landscape.2.3 The principle of ShoufangA good leisure settlements landscape planning, attention should be open and covert features, as far as possible together. Open space gives the big shock is the other way can not be replaced, as long as there is sufficient space should be given to appropriate large space, such as tablets into the green land, water, hotels, construction and other public. There are two hidden meaning, referring to the visual impact of the first things hidden, such as refuse collection points, gardening compost market, pipelines wells, filtration ponds, retaining walls, is a passive meet. More importantly, the landscape is a layer of meaning to a level layout, the best time to show (just like that crosstalk "of the burden"), is a proactive Landscaping. Of course, there are now half-hidden, such as the leisure mountain villa in the landscape to deal with a Ruoyinruoxian in the woods a good choice.2.4 principle of balancedUrban settlements and the building of a common area of push-the practice of different venues, leisure settlements in the overall layout of the implementation of the "respect for the natural topography as much as possible" principle, it is a safeguard and stressed that differences in approach. But this does not mean that not balanced, even in the natural topography of the lots are very complicated, but also as far as possible so that all parts of the theme of the detail in response to partial Shen and unsystematic flu. Of course, is not the pursuit of absolute or mechanical geometric symmetry, which gives a lively sense rather than rigid. Implementation of this principle it is very difficult, the quality of the planning division of the highly demanding.3. Ecological functions considered3.1 comfortable environment to the principleHabitat Area of the design, of course, people-oriented, and reflects the concern of the people, especially leisure settlements. Should take the initiative to help plants and other biological species, the ecological factors people feel more comfortable toward the direction of adjustment. For this reason, consideration should be given more biological measures to give full play to their ecological services. If we consider the choice of street trees create a sidewalk lined effect, consider appropriate fast track to stay over in order to increase the proliferation of air pollution in southern China, buildings north of the tall trees Nongyin choice of Chang Lvshu to block winter Arresting the north and north in summer sun, the south side of the main choice of crown-shaped stand of conifers than dilute branches or species, the winter deciduous broad-leaved species, sunny room in winter, resulting in dry warm effect. Another example is appropriate for the walls and roof greening, played the role of indoor cooling; interludes to release more negative oxygen ions conifer species or both sterilization have Qingxiang smell of eucalyptus species type, so that fresh air, and so on.3.2 the principle of pollution preventionOn the one hand, is the meticulous and thoughtful consideration of the possible environmental effects, on the one hand, as far as possible so that such a role to play to extreme. Such as the use of the large amount of tall trees, the characteristics of high primary productivity, to the absorption of carbon dioxide and release oxygen to make greater contribution to the transport route in the face of the local establishment of the thick dust from the noise of the high Hedgerow the use of conifer Eucalyptus species type and the secretion of endogenous substances sterilization clean up the air the use of anaerobic micro-organisms in the water and sewerage treatment, and then choose the fast growth of biogas (water) plants absorb and filter through anaerobic digestion treated wastewater in the suspended solids and Can lead to eutrophication-nutrient pollution in the restocking of fresh water fish Jiejue to reduce pesticide use, and so on.3.3 system the principle of stabilityLeisure settlements are often built on the mountain, Shuipan, sea and other places,these places is situated on the edge of ecological convergence zone, natural landscape although good, but geological, hydrological, meteorological, biological factors all a balance between relatively weak. More a result of natural forces in disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flow, collapse, subsidence, floods, typhoons and so on. In order to take preventive measures, in the initial planning of the environment on the stability of started to consider the issue, that is a very necessary. Improve the environmental stability of two ways: First: to respect as much as possible in the planning of the local geology, topography, soil, hydrology, vegetation status quo, because it is all natural forces Qianwannianlai role in the outcome of balance, if you forced it destroyed , May cause ecosystems chain of degenerative changes, or it also restore the original state, and you spend the investment to build things and the landscape for some or all of the damage out. Second, in maintaining and strengthening the stability of the measures, biological measures should be preferred, because these things can live through the adaptation and adjustment and other ecological factors and a balance, although in the short term is not necessarily the best, However, long-term perspective is the most stable. Measures in this regard, such as biological slope protection, such as biological Gudi.3.4 suitable species and reasonable layout of the principle of communityThe thrust of ecology, and biological and environmental unity. Although many beautiful plants, are not suited to the development of the environment can not. The plants and animals can grow well to achieve the best visual effects and provide the largest ecosystem services, in addition to environment-related and large, been involved in various groups to create the interaction between the communities on the environment. Therefore, the nature of the community group with, or even more important. For example, open lawn and turf optional Woodland different grasses, translucent under the tree and Nongyin trees and shrubs under the optional plant to be different from the root to produce grams of the substance of the mangrove bushes important not to arrange a King but The lower deck open for camping; big fish in the pond to herbivores, and so on, are reflected in this area to consider.3.5 cycle of the principle of materialIn understanding the ecosystem of material circulating on the basis of design, regulation of leisure settlements ecological cycle of the material so that it is conducive to the interests of the direction of human development, ecological settlements is the main content. Specific to the settlements planning, the first is to reduce the level of material input and output to reduce property and the cost of living further improve efficiency (the principle of giving priority to efficiency and the concrete), and the other is to reduce the settlements within and outside the eutrophication of pollution, in order to reduce Living area for the maintenance of cultivated plants and the use of fertilizers in all aspects of further reducing its risks. For example, Gong roof greening area recommend organic ecological soilless cultivation technology, the park is to the litter and sewage accumulated in the course of the nutrition-once again utilize. Another example is the use of sewage treatment plant system, also includes a consideration in this regard.In short, leisure settlements of environmental design includes two levels of problems, namely, landscape and ecological design. In connection with the design of specific environmental features of the landscape and ecological environment in hydrology, flora and fauna, and other factors, aesthetic, ecological and economic cycle, such as Theory as the guide, and leisure settlements beautify the landscape, ecological and environmental optimization Sustainability.休闲住区环境景观设计原则探讨摘要：以人类的生存的常规要求，美学的要求，生态的要求为主探讨了具有郊区和生态两层概念的休闲住区的景观设计原则，以期为休闲住区的环境景观设计提供依据，也为休闲住区景观环境和生态环境的创造提供一些帮助。
环境英语作文
环境英语作文Environmental English Essay。
Environmental issues have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, prompting global concern and action. As responsible members of society, we must recognize the urgency of addressing these challenges and strive towards creating a sustainable future.Importance of Environmental Conservation。
Preserving our environment is crucial for our well-being and the planet's delicate ecosystems. A healthy environment provides us with essential resources, such as air, water, and food. It also supports a vast array of plant and animal species, maintaining biodiversity and ensuring ecological balance. By safeguarding our environment, we secure these indispensable resources for present and future generations.Causes and Consequences of Environmental Degradation。
Human activities have significantly contributed to environmental degradation. Pollution, deforestation, and overconsumption have disrupted natural processes and ecosystems. Air pollution, caused by emissions from factories and vehicles, harms our health and can lead to respiratory illnesses. Water pollution, primarily from industrial waste and agricultural runoff, contaminates our waterways and threatens aquatic life. Deforestation, driven by urban expansion and agriculture, destroys habitats and disrupts the carbon cycle. Overconsumption of resources, coupled with inefficient production and waste management practices, depletes natural capital and generates excessive waste.Climate Change and Its Impacts。
关于环境的英语词汇
干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition 空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfall enhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate 气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems 干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems 温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species 河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas 动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulation DNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems 河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation 水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins 湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources 资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits 石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued ecosystem components经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation 可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards 工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building 拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns 残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides 杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry 清洁技术Clean technologies 服装工业Clothing industry 乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants 干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。
的缺失 英语作文
的缺失英语作文Title: Addressing the Issue of Deforestation。
Deforestation, a critical environmental issue, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its detrimental effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate. This essay delves into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to combat deforestation.Firstly, one of the primary causes of deforestation is agricultural expansion. As global population increases,there is a growing demand for agricultural land tocultivate crops and rear livestock. Consequently, vasttracts of forests are cleared to make way for agriculture, leading to extensive deforestation.Moreover, logging activities contribute substantiallyto deforestation. Timber extraction for commercial purposes, such as furniture production and construction, has resulted in widespread destruction of forests worldwide. Illegallogging exacerbates this issue, driven by the lucrative timber trade.Deforestation also occurs due to urbanization and infrastructure development. As cities expand and infrastructural projects advance, forests are often cleared to accommodate human settlements, roads, and industries. This encroachment into forested areas further accelerates deforestation rates.The consequences of deforestation are manifold. Firstly, it leads to loss of biodiversity as numerous species lose their habitat, pushing them towards extinction. Forestshost a diverse array of flora and fauna, and their destruction disrupts intricate ecological balances, threatening the survival of various species.Moreover, deforestation contributes to climate changeby reducing the forests' capacity to sequester carbon dioxide. Trees absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, acting as carbon sinks. However, deforestation releases stored carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating greenhouse gas emissionsand global warming.Additionally, deforestation results in soil erosion,loss of fertile land, and disruption of water cycles. Forests play a crucial role in maintaining soil stability, retaining water, and regulating local climates. Their destruction heightens the risk of soil degradation, floods, and droughts, impacting both ecosystems and human communities.To address the issue of deforestation, multifaceted approaches are required. Firstly, stringent regulations and law enforcement are necessary to curb illegal logging and unsustainable land-use practices. Governments must implement policies to protect forests, enforce logging bans in sensitive areas, and penalize violators.Furthermore, promoting sustainable forestry practicesis essential to ensure the long-term health of forests. Sustainable logging techniques, reforestation efforts, and agroforestry initiatives can help mitigate deforestation while supporting local livelihoods and economic development.International cooperation and collaboration are also vital in combating deforestation. Transnational agreements, such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, facilitate global efforts to address deforestation and mitigate its impacts on climate change.Education and awareness-raising initiatives play a crucial role in fostering environmental stewardship and encouraging sustainable lifestyles. Educating communities about the importance of forests, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable land management can inspire collective action towards forest protection.In conclusion, deforestation poses a significant threat to global ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate stability. Addressing this issue requires concerted efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals worldwide. By implementing sustainable practices, enforcing regulations, and promoting conservation efforts, we canmitigate deforestation and safeguard the invaluable ecosystems that forests provide.。
英语介绍运河特色 -回复
英语介绍运河特色-回复Canals are man-made waterways that have been crucial for transportation and trade for centuries. They are designed to connect bodies of water, such as lakes or rivers, in order to provide a navigable route for ships and boats. Throughout history, canals have played a significant role in shaping the economic, cultural, and social aspects of various regions. In this article, we will explore the unique features and importance of canals, focusing on their impact on transportation, irrigation, and tourism.Transportation:One of the primary functions of canals is to facilitate transportation. By connecting different bodies of water, canals create a network that allows goods and people to be transported efficiently. In the past, canals served as vital trade routes, linking inland areas to ports and facilitating the exchange of goods between regions. The Suez Canal, for example, connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, providing a shortcut for ships traveling between Europe and Asia. This canal has considerably reduced shipping time and costs, making it a key conduit for international trade.Irrigation:Another essential characteristic of canals is their role in irrigation. Canals have been crucial in providing water for agricultural purposes. In many regions with arid or semi-arid climates, canals enable farmers to divert water from rivers or lakes to their fields, allowing crops to grow in areas that would otherwise be unable to support agriculture. For instance, the ancient Grand Canal in China has served as a vital irrigation system for thousands of years, contributing to the country's agricultural success.Additionally, canals also play a role in flood control. By regulating the flow of water through various mechanisms such as locks and gates, canals can prevent flooding in areas prone to excessive rainfall or high water levels. This function not only protects human settlements but also helps maintain ecological balance in surrounding areas.Tourism:In recent years, canals have become popular tourist attractions worldwide. Many cities and regions have recognized the historic and aesthetic value of canals and have transformed them into recreational spaces. Places such as Venice, Amsterdam, and Bruges boast picturesque canal networks that attract millions of touristseach year.Tourists can enjoy leisurely cruises, romantic gondola rides, or explore the charming waterfronts and architectural marvels adjacent to the canals. The cultural significance of canals is often highlighted through festivals, events, and museum exhibitions, providing visitors with a glimpse into the history and heritage of the regions where the canals are situated.In conclusion, canals possess unique features and are of great importance in various aspects of human life. Their ability to connect different bodies of water makes them essential for transportation and trade. Canals also play a significant role in irrigation, enabling agricultural development in arid regions and contributing to flood control. Moreover, canals have gained popularity as tourist attractions, attracting visitors from around the world to experience their beauty and cultural significance. Overall, canals continue to shape our world and serve as an integral part of our history and future.。
植树保护环境的英语作文80词
植树保护环境的英语作文80词1Trees are of paramount importance to the environment. They play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding our planet. Take a region that has undergone large-scale afforestation as an example. Previously, the air quality was poor, with a high level of pollution, and soil erosion was a severe problem. However, after the extensive planting of trees, the situation has undergone a remarkable transformation. The trees have acted as natural filters, absorbing harmful substances and releasing clean oxygen, thereby significantly improving the air quality. Simultaneously, their roots have firmly held the soil, reducing the occurrence of soil erosion and preventing valuable topsoil from being washed away.In contrast, areas without trees often face numerous challenges. The lack of trees leads to a lack of shade, resulting in higher temperatures and an uncomfortable living environment. Moreover, without the root systems of trees to stabilize the soil, the land is more prone to erosion during heavy rains, causing damage to the terrain and even threatening the safety of human settlements.Trees also contribute to regulating the climate. They help moderate temperatures, reducing the heat in summer and providing insulation inwinter. They absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, and help mitigate the effects of climate change.In conclusion, planting trees is not only a simple act but a significant measure for protecting the environment. We should actively participate in afforestation activities to create a greener and more beautiful world for future generations.2Planting trees is undoubtedly an effective measure to protect the environment. It is not just a simple act but a profound commitment to the well-being of our planet.Take the city of Shenyang in China as an example. Years ago, it faced severe environmental problems such as dust storms and poor air quality. However, through an extensive tree-planting campaign, the situation has significantly improved. Now, the city is greener, the air is fresher, and the lives of its residents have been greatly enhanced.Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing the greenhouse effect. They act as nature's lungs, breathing in harmful gases and releasing oxygen. This process helps to mitigate climate change and create a healthier atmosphere for all living beings.I have personally participated in tree-planting activities and experienced the joy and satisfaction it brings. Working together with others, digging the soil, placing the young saplings, and watering them, I felt adeep connection with nature. It made me realize that every small effort counts and that we can all make a difference in protecting our environment.In conclusion, planting trees is not only a responsibility but also an opportunity to create a better world. It is a simple yet powerful action that can bring about significant changes. Let us all join hands and contribute to this meaningful cause to ensure a sustainable and beautiful future for generations to come.3In today's rapidly changing world, the importance of protecting our environment cannot be overstated. One of the most effective ways to do this is through tree planting.Let's take a look at some areas where excessive deforestation has led to a deterioration of the environment. In certain regions, large-scale logging has destroyed vast forests, resulting in soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and even more severe natural disasters such as floods and landslides. The once lush and beautiful landscapes have now turned into barren wastelands, a stark reminder of the consequences of our irresponsible actions.However, all is not lost. There are simple and practical methods and techniques for tree planting that can encourage more people to take action. For instance, when choosing the right species of trees, we need to consider the local climate and soil conditions. It's also crucial to ensure properspacing between the trees to allow for sufficient growth and sunlight. Moreover, regular watering and maintenance in the early stages of growth can significantly increase the survival rate of the newly planted trees.Tree planting is not only a responsibility but also a privilege. It gives us the opportunity to make a positive contribution to the planet. Every tree we plant is a step towards a greener and healthier future. So, let's roll up our sleeves and get to work. Let's plant more trees and protect our environment for ourselves and for generations to come.4Trees play an indispensable role in protecting the environment. Their significance extends far beyond our immediate perception. Firstly, they act as natural habitats for a wide variety of wild animals, fostering biodiversity. Consider a dense forest where birds build their nests among the branches, and small mammals find refuge in the hollows of old trees. This not only enriches the ecological system but also maintains the balance of nature.Secondly, trees have a remarkable ability to regulate the climate. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby reducing the greenhouse effect and mitigating the impact of extreme weather conditions. For instance, in areas with extensive tree cover, the temperature tends to be more moderate, and the occurrence of heatwaves and cold spells is lessened.Moreover, trees prevent soil erosion. Their roots hold the soil firmly in place, reducing the risk of landslides and floods. This is particularlycrucial in hilly or mountainous regions where the stability of the land is of utmost importance.In conclusion, planting trees is not just an act of environmental conservation; it is a commitment to the future of our planet. It is our responsibility to ensure that more trees are planted and cared for, so that we can enjoy a sustainable and healthy environment for generations to come.5Trees, the silent guardians of our planet, play an indispensable role in building a sustainable environment. According to authoritative research, it is estimated that a single mature tree can absorb approximately 22 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year and release sufficient oxygen for two human beings to breathe. This data vividly showcases the significant contribution of trees in regulating the global climate.Different tree species possess unique functions in environmental protection. For instance, coniferous trees like pine and spruce are excellent at preventing soil erosion on mountain slopes due to their deep root systems. Deciduous trees such as maple and oak provide shade during summers, reducing the heat island effect in urban areas. Moreover, fruit-bearing trees not only offer delicious produce but also attract various birds and insects, enriching the biodiversity of the ecosystem.The long-term impact of tree planting on the global ecosystem isprofound and far-reaching. Forests act as natural carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of greenhouse gases and mitigating the effects of climate change. They also help maintain the water cycle by regulating the flow of rivers and preventing floods. Additionally, trees provide habitats for countless species, ensuring the stability and balance of the ecological chain.In conclusion, planting trees is not merely an act of environmental beautification but a crucial strategy for ensuring the sustainable development of our planet. We should actively participate in tree-planting activities and protect existing forests to create a greener and more sustainable future for generations to come.。
与环境保护有关的词汇
与环境保护有关的词汇environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：Pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场)dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar (lunar) power太阳能nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear动词) animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识全球环保类热门话题英语词汇：21世纪议程：Agenda 21世界环境日（6月5日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities –Plan for the Planet! 海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans –Dead or Alive! 水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!世间万物，生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life! 环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act! 拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语口译词汇：中国环保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution undercontrol防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation水土保持：conservation of water and soil水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation project珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center绿化祖国：turn the country green全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day森林覆盖率：forest coverage降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products节能 energy saving多种树:plant more trees节约用水:save on water保护环境：protect the environment减少污染：reduce pollution垃圾：rubbish白色污染：white pollution二氧化碳：carbon dioxide臭氧层：ozonosphere臭氧层空洞：ozone hole21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) onstart-up projects提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization农药残留 pesticide residue水土保持 conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization绿化祖国 turn the country green全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统 natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture环境恶化 environmental degradation城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器 exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars温室效应 greenhouse effect联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日World Oceans Day (8 June )人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection污染者负担的政策"the-polluters-pay" policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time生态示范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City工业固体废物industrial solid wastes白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物organic pollutants三废综合利用multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率deforestation rate水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区water resource conservation zone海水淡化sea water desalinization造林工程afforestation project绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks防沙林sand breaks速生林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品environment-friendly products自然保护区nature reserve野生动植物wild fauna and flora保护生存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center 美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes环境恶化environmental degradation温饱型农业subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车small-displacement (engine) vehicles温室效应greenhouse effect工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂centralized treatment plant。
关于栖息地减少的英语作文
关于栖息地减少的英语作文Habitat loss is a significant and pressing issue that has been affecting various species and ecosystems around the world. The reduction and degradation of natural habitats have been primarily caused by human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, industrialization, and agriculture. As a result, many plants and animals are losing their homes, leading to a decline in biodiversity and ecological balance. This essay aims to explore the various aspects of habitat loss, including its historical background, different perspectives, case studies, critical evaluation, and future implications.Historically, habitat loss has been an ongoing process that has intensified over the years due to the exponential growth of the human population and the subsequent expansion of human settlements and infrastructure. The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point, as it led to widespread deforestation, land conversion for agriculture, and the pollution of natural habitats. As urbanization and industrialization continued to progress, more and more natural areas were cleared for human use, resulting in the displacement and extinction of numerous species.From different perspectives, habitat loss is viewed as a complex issue with various implications. Environmentalists and conservationists emphasize the detrimental effects of habitat loss on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the overall health of the planet. They argue that the loss of natural habitats leads to the decline of species, disruption of food chains, and the loss of essential ecological functions. On the other hand, some policymakers and developersprioritize economic growth and human welfare over environmental concerns, often justifying habitat loss as a necessary sacrifice for progress and development.Case studies from around the world provide concrete examples of the impacts of habitat loss on specific species and ecosystems. The deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, for instance, has led to the loss of countless plant and animal species, some of which may have held potential for medicinal, agricultural, orecological purposes. In addition, the conversion of wetlands and coastal areas for urban development has resulted in the loss of crucial breeding grounds for migratory birds and marine life, leading to population declines and ecological imbalances.A critical evaluation of habitat loss reveals both its benefits and drawbacks. While human development and economic growth have undoubtedly improved living standards for many people, the cost of habitat loss in terms of biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and climate change cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, the long-term consequences of habitat loss, such as the loss of natural resources, increased vulnerability to natural disasters, and the spread of zoonotic diseases, pose significant risks to human well-being.Looking ahead, it is imperative to address the issue of habitat loss through a combination of conservation efforts, sustainable land use practices, and policy interventions. Conservation organizations and governmental agencies can work together to establish protected areas, wildlife corridors, and restorationprojects to mitigate the impacts of habitat loss. Additionally, promoting public awareness and education about the importance of preserving natural habitats and biodiversity is crucial for fostering a sense of stewardship and responsibility towards the environment.In conclusion, habitat loss is a multifaceted issue that requires concerted efforts from various stakeholders to address. By understanding the historical context, different perspectives, case studies, and critical evaluation of habitat loss, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges andopportunities associated with this issue. Moving forward, it is essential to prioritize the conservation and restoration of natural habitats to ensure thewell-being of present and future generations.。
引起自然灾害的原因及解决方法英语作文
引起自然灾害的原因及解决方法英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Causes and Solutions of Natural DisastersNatural disasters, including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and wildfires, have devastating impacts on humans, wildlife, and the environment. These disasters are often triggered by natural forces, but human activities can also contribute to their occurrence. Understanding the causes of natural disasters and implementing effective solutions are crucial for reducing their frequency and severity.One of the main reasons for natural disasters is climate change. The increase in global temperatures is causing more intense and frequent extreme weather events such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and heavy rainfall. The melting of glaciers and polar ice caps is leading to rising sea levels, which can result in coastal flooding and erosion. To address climate change, countries need to reduce their carbon emissions by transitioning to renewable energy sources and promoting sustainable practices.Another factor that contributes to natural disasters is deforestation and land degradation. Forests play a crucial role in regulating the climate and preventing soil erosion. When trees are cut down or land is overexploited for agriculture, it can lead to landslides, floods, and wildfires. Protecting and restoring natural habitats is essential for maintaining ecological balance and reducing the risk of disasters.Urbanization and inadequate infrastructure are also significant causes of natural disasters. Rapid population growth in cities increases the demand for housing, leading to the construction of buildings in vulnerable areas such as floodplains and earthquake zones. Poorly designed infrastructure can exacerbate the impacts of disasters, as seen during the recent hurricanes and earthquakes.To mitigate the effects of natural disasters, governments, communities, and individuals must work together to implement effective solutions. Investing in early warning systems, emergency preparedness, and evacuation plans can help reduce the loss of life and property during disasters. Building resilient infrastructure and incorporating green design principles can also reduce the vulnerability of communities to natural hazards.Furthermore, raising awareness about the importance of environmental conservation and sustainable development is key to preventing future disasters. Education campaigns on climate change, deforestation, and pollution can empower individuals to make informed choices and take action to protect the planet. By working together to address the root causes of natural disasters, we can create a more resilient and sustainable future for all.In conclusion, natural disasters are complex phenomena that result from a combination of natural forces and human activities. Addressing the root causes of disasters requires a multi-faceted approach that includes reducing carbon emissions, protecting natural habitats, improving infrastructure, and raising awareness. By implementing these solutions, we can reduce the frequency and severity of natural disasters and build a more resilient world for future generations.篇2Causes of Natural Disasters and SolutionsNatural disasters are events that result from natural processes of the Earth. These disasters can cause great damage to human life, property, and the environment. Understanding thecauses of natural disasters is crucial in order to mitigate their effects and prevent them from occurring.One of the main causes of natural disasters is geological processes. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis are all examples of geological disasters. Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing vibrations that can result in the ground shaking. Volcanic eruptions happen when magma from beneath the Earth's surface is expelled, often resulting in ash clouds and lava flows. Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.Another major cause of natural disasters is meteorological processes. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts are all examples of meteorological disasters. Hurricanes are intense storms that form over warm ocean waters, bringing strong winds and heavy rain. Tornadoes are violent windstorms that can cause widespread destruction. Floods occur when there is excessive rainfall or snowmelt, leading to overflowing rivers and inundated areas. Droughts are prolonged periods of below-average rainfall, resulting in water shortages and crop failures.Climate change is also contributing to the increase in natural disasters. Global warming is causing changes in weather patterns,leading to more frequent and intense heatwaves, storms, and flooding. Melting ice caps and rising sea levels are also contributing to the risk of coastal flooding and erosion.In order to prevent and mitigate the effects of natural disasters, it is important to take proactive measures. One way to reduce the impact of geological disasters is to monitor and study seismic activity and volcanic eruptions. Early warning systems can help alert people to potential dangers and give them time to evacuate to safer areas. Building codes and zoning regulations can also help prevent damage from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.For meteorological disasters, improving weather forecasting and early warning systems can help reduce the impact of hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. Creating and maintaining flood defenses, such as levees and dams, can help protect communities from flooding. Implementing water conservation measures and sustainable agricultural practices can help mitigate the effects of droughts.Addressing climate change is crucial in order to reduce the risk of natural disasters. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing policies to protect natural habitats can help mitigate the effects of globalwarming. International cooperation and collective action are also essential in addressing the root causes of climate change and working towards a sustainable future.In conclusion, natural disasters are a serious threat to human life, property, and the environment. By understanding the causes of these disasters and implementing proactive measures to prevent and mitigate their effects, we can work towards building resilient and sustainable communities. It is crucial that we take action to address the root causes of natural disasters and create a safer and more sustainable future for all.篇3Causes and Solutions of Natural DisastersNatural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, are events that occur due to natural processes of the Earth. These disasters can cause significant damage to both the environment and human settlements, resulting in loss of life and economic hardships. Understanding the causes of natural disasters and implementing effective solutions is essential to minimize their impact and protect vulnerable populations.First of all, one of the main causes of natural disasters is the Earth's natural processes. For example, earthquakes are causedby the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. When these plates shift or collide, they can create seismic waves that result in earthquakes. Similarly, hurricanes are formed when warm ocean water evaporates and rises, creating a low-pressure system that can develop into a powerful storm. These natural processes are uncontrollable and can lead to devastating consequences.Another significant cause of natural disasters is human activities that contribute to environmental degradation. Deforestation, for example, reduces the stability of soil and increases the risk of landslides and flooding. Additionally, the burning of fossil fuels and emissions of greenhouse gases contribute to climate change, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters, such as droughts and wildfires. Human activities play a crucial role in exacerbating the impact of natural disasters.In order to address these causes and mitigate the impact of natural disasters, several solutions can be implemented. Firstly, governments and organizations should invest in disaster preparedness and response measures. This includes early warning systems, emergency shelters, and evacuation plans to protect vulnerable populations from the effects of naturaldisasters. By improving infrastructure and developing response mechanisms, the impact of natural disasters can be minimized.Secondly, efforts should be made to address environmental degradation and reduce human activities that contribute to natural disasters. This includes promoting sustainable land management practices, such as reforestation and soil conservation, to improve the resilience of ecosystems to natural disasters. Additionally, governments should commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources to mitigate the impact of climate change and prevent future natural disasters.Educating communities and raising awareness about the risks of natural disasters are also essential in reducing their impact. By empowering individuals with knowledge about how to prepare for and respond to natural disasters, communities can become more resilient and better equipped to protect themselves in times of crisis. Promotion of disaster risk reduction strategies and communication of best practices can help communities build their capacity to withstand natural disasters.In conclusion, natural disasters are complex events that result from a combination of natural processes and human activities. By understanding the causes of natural disasters andimplementing effective solutions, the impact of these events can be minimized, and vulnerable populations can be protected. It is essential for governments, organizations, and individuals to work together to address the root causes of natural disasters and build resilient communities that can withstand the challenges of the changing climate. Only by taking proactive measures can we ensure the safety and well-being of future generations in the face of natural disasters.。
绿色建筑术语英文翻译2
绿色建筑术语的英文翻译以下是绿色建筑术语的英文翻译：1. 绿色建筑：Green Building2. 节能：Energy Efficiency3. 低碳：Low Carbon4. 可再生能源：Renewable Energy5. 零排放：Zero Emission6. 生态：Ecological7. 可持续发展：Sustainable Development8. 资源高效利用：Resource Efficient Use9. 自然采光：Natural Lighting10. 自然通风：Natural Ventilation11. 绿色材料：Green Materials12. 建筑节能：Building Energy Efficiency13. 建筑能效：Building Energy Performance14. 建筑环境：Built Environment15. 绿色生态设计：Green Ecological Design16. 绿色建筑认证：Green Building Certification17. 生命周期评估：Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)18. 能效标准：Energy Efficiency Standards19. 生态足迹：Ecological Footprint20. 可再生能源系统：Renewable Energy Systems21. 低碳交通：Low Carbon Mobility22. 绿色屋顶：Green Roofs23. 绿色建筑标准：Green Building Standards24. 绿色建筑评价体系：Green Building Evaluation System25. 生态城市：Eco-city26. 节能建筑：Energy-saving Buildings27. 可再生能源利用：Renewable Energy Utilization28. 被动式节能设计：Passive Energy-saving Design29. 能耗监测系统：Energy Monitoring System30. 可再生能源证书：Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)31. 碳足迹：Carbon Footprint32. 节能减排：Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction33. 绿色办公楼：Green Office Buildings34. 绿色工业建筑：Green Industrial Buildings35. 绿色校园：Green Campuses36. 环境友好型建筑：Environmentally Friendly Buildings37. 低影响开发（LID）：Low Impact Development (LID)38. 智能建筑管理系统（BMS）：Intelligent Building Management System (BMS)39. 能效标识制度：Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme40. 绿色建材市场：Green Building Materials Market41. 绿色建筑补贴政策：Green Building Subsidy Policies42. 可再生能源项目融资：Renewable Energy Project Financing43. 能效审计与咨询服务：Energy Audit and Consulting Services44. 环境影响评估（EIA）：Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)45. 能效标准与标识（ES）：Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling (ES)46. 能效性能等级（ERP）：Energy Performance Rating (ERP)47. 能效设备认证（EEI）：Energy Efficiency Equipment Identification (EEI) Labeling Scheme。
翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇口译教程原文
翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇口译教程原文2020年翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇不断调整和日趋完善的阶段the stage of constant adjustment and improvement产学研一体化的办学机制the educational mechanism of bining learning with researchand production成人学历教育，高等教育自学考试continuing education and self-study examination of highereducation初露端倪reveal its importance for the first time翻译导游tourist interpreter复合型，应用型管理人才versatile and practical management talents 结构性调整structural adjustment民俗风情customs and habits相伴而生be panied by学术领域academic sector应势而生e into existence as the situation requires在职培训part-time training专业方向professional emphasis资格考试qualification testThe Economic Commission for Europe欧洲经济委员会A world-wide reputation誉满全球Conference center会议中心The world Health Organization 世界卫生组织International civil servants 国际事务公务员International press center国际新闻中心Works of art 艺术品International trading center国际贸易中心Rich cultural blend 丰富多彩的文化交融Holiday resort 旅游胜地Natural reserves 自然保护区Feudal dynasty封建王朝中国革命历史博物馆the Museum of the Chinese Revolution一座历史丰碑a historical monument快节奏的社会fast-tempo society专题展览exhibitions on special subject实地考察on-the-spot investigaion经历了数千年的风吹雨打being beaten by elements for thousands of years古典艺术精品classical art treasures世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage紫禁城the Forbidden City文物宝库a treasure house of cultural relics私人收藏家personal collectorsecurities exchanges 证券交易所stock exchanges股票交易所systematic market process有组织的买卖过程major corporation大公司New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所Tax harmonization协调税收Hot topic热门话题European Union欧盟Driving force推动力Contemplate on the harmonization统一的期望国际货币组织International Monetary Fund国内需求domestic demand经济全球化economic globalization双边渠道bilateral channels亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation金融危机financial crisis广泛关注arouse wide concern国际社会international munity公正合理的国际经济新秩序a new and reasonable internationaleconomic order从大局出发proceed from the whole situation财政政策financial policy共同繁荣mon prosperity贸易投资自由化trade and investment liberalization 日新月异progress with each passing day知识经济knowledge economyfaulty members 教职工subscribes to 订阅journals and periodicals 杂志期刊recreations and athletic facilities娱乐体育设施arts department文科系applied science应用科学recipients of Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖金获得者intellectual and personal qualities文化和个人素质living expenses生活费sense of munity团队意识成人教育学院continuing education school仿真实验室simulation laboratory教育部Ministry of Education土木工程civil engineering全国重点大学national key university信息技术information technology函授生correspondence student外国留学生international student教育展览会Education Exhibition组委会organizing mittee主要内容main ponent热点话题much-talked-about topic共同关心的信息mutually concerned information fresh water resource洁水资源over the last couple of decades 在过去的二十年里land available for farming适耕地fresh water available可用清洁水emerging economies 新兴经济global warming 全球变暖ecological crisis生态危机path to prosperity通向繁荣之路seize the opportunity抓住机遇remarkable environmental progress引人注目的环境垃圾处理garbage disposal生活必需品the bare necessities of life消费品consumer goods消费习惯consuming habit捕鱼量the volume of fishing造纸业paper-making industry木材储量timber reserves森林覆盖面积forest-covering areainward investment 对内投资entrepreneurship创业精神pay tribute to 表示敬意subsidies and grants津贴和拨款problem of terrorism恐怖主义问题gave their lives to the highest calling将生命献给了最崇高的事业target of terrorism恐怖主义的目标intensified our effort 加强力量bring to justice使归案受审国际条约international treaties世界知识产权组织World Intellectual Property Organization私营部门the private sector知识产权intellectual property总干事Director Geneor在进入新的千年之际at the threshold of the new millennium成员国member countries纲领性文件programmatic document基本人权fundamental human rights殖民枷锁colonialist shackles任重道远the burden is heavy and the road is long internet phone industry网络电话业vast potential for future development广阔的发展前景telephone sound quality电话音质instantaneous transmission即时传输GPS(Global Positioning System)全球卫星定位系统Relay station中继站Intelligent traffic management systems智能交通管理系统分子生物学Molecular biology能源综合利用prehensive utilization of energy认识科学cognitive science生产力productive force推动力量driving force相对论the theory of relativity行为科学behavior science知识科学knowledge economy新兴产业rising economy层出不穷emerge one after another科教兴国战略the strategy of economic development through science-technology andeducation可持续发展sustainable development试点工程pilot program严峻挑战serious challenges运行机制operational mechanism中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences综合国力the overall national strength磁悬浮铁路magnetic suspended railwayroot causes根本原因juvenile crime bill青少年犯罪idle talk闲聊easy access to 轻易接近zero tolerance绝不容忍balanced budget 预算平衡step up to its responsibilities 担负起责任law enforcement professionals执法者debit card提款卡magnetic stripe磁条parking meter停车计费表personal identification number 密码pull double duty具备双重功能electronic versions电子交易chip-enhanced versions加强性芯片be hot for the idea热衷于这个主意遥控器remote controller无孔不入all pervasive增强性能strengthen the property减少故障to reduce the breakdown原动力motive power高架铁路aerial train汽车废气的排放discharge of automobile exhaust fumes 毗邻而居be adjacent tostate-of-the art 最新型的，最优良的three-dimensional三维的，立体的ground-breaking 开拓性的，独创的organizing mittee组委会innovative approach创新方法marketing partner市场合作伙伴a giant leap into the future走向未来的一次飞跃cash for votes用钱拉选票bribery scandal贿赂丑闻草地网球lawn tennis发球区service court处于执牛耳的地位occupy a leading position体育道德精神sportsmanship以全体运动员的名义in the name of all the athletes借助不正当的手段resort to unjust means2020年翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇地区经济regional economic港口经营多元化diversification in port operation责任和义务perform our duties and fulfill our obligations 地区行业盛会a well-known regional event of the industry 发起港initiating portsbreak free 冲破藩篱civil society民间团体ethnic lines种族genuine partnership真正的合作伙伴squatter settlements 违章建筑区without access to 享受不到畅所欲言open dialogues计划经济的束缚the bounding of planning economy紧迫问题pressing issues科教兴省和走可持续发展的道路vitalize the province by science and technology andsustainable development空前膨胀unprecedentedly inflated控制增长势头curb the trend of steep rise面临严峻挑战face severe challenges清醒地看到acutely aware生态恶化ecological deterioration提高意识strengthen the awareness相互尊重，求同存异，平等互利，优势互补，借鉴经验，拓展合作，立足当前，着眼未来respect each other, seek the monground while putting aside difference, enjoy equality and mutual benefits,plement each other’s advantages, learn each other’s experience, expand thecooperation, stand from the present and look forward to the future以此会议为契机take the opportunity of this seminar滞后lag behind转轨建制过程缓慢the tr4ansition of mechanism is slow总结经验教训draw lessons from the pastmunity development oriented 以发展社区为宗旨的deserved winners当之无愧的获奖者ethnic minorities少数民族gainful employment有报酬的gender issues性别问题handicraft works 手工艺品e generation 工薪阶层in-depth knowledge深入了解the handicapped残疾人不求最大，但求最好seek the best instead of the largest产业结构industrial structure城乡一体化the unified design between the city and the countryside 短期行为short-term conduct房地产开发real estate development扶贫帮困help and support the poor公共绿地public lawn公用事业public utilities会展中心convention center基建规模infrastructure scale精品意识consciousness for the best精品住宅区model human settlements企业效益enterprise revenue文明乘车civil bus ride希望工程Hope Project以人为本human centered主办城市the host city综合治理prehensively administereconomic recession 经济萧条press conference 记者招待会rough diamond 钻坯sophisticated machine 先进机器staggering growth 强劲的增长trade union 业界umbrella name统称濒临停产边缘be close to production collapse 反省reflect on回报期period of investment return痛定思痛recall a painful experience卧薪尝胆endure present hardships to revive兴旺期blossom perioddevelop and flourish 茁壮成长expanding export earner不断扩展的出口创汇者impose stringent rules定下严格规则市场波动market fluctuation协会章程association charter总经营额total business revenueend-user用人单位entry-level学徒期from square one从头开始high-caliber高水平的instill or reinforce灌输或强化job specification工作性质localization programs本土化项目performance appraisal表现评估2020年翻译资格考试口译三级精选词汇Give the floor to 请。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08非谓语动词短文填空专练(含高考真题) (原卷板)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08非谓语动词短文填空专练(No.9-12)+答案卡（原卷板）（素材来源：高考真题、教材原文、知名网站、权威考题等）姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：45分钟得分：____________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
第三组：（No.9-12）No.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those ___1____ (amaze) constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, tasty soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplingsarrive ___2___ (steam) and dangerously hot. To eat one, youhave to decide whether ___3__ (bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and ____4__ (risk) a spill (溢出), or to putthe whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explodeon your tongue. Shanghai may be the ___5___ (recognize) homeof the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point youto the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’sbirthplace. There you will find them ___6____ (prepare)differently---- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than ____7____ (roll) . Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___8____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without __9___ (tear) or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ____10____ (want) more next time. (209 words) 【改编自(普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷) 】No.10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
保护 elephant作文英语
保护 elephant作文英语Elephants are majestic creatures that have captured the hearts and imaginations of people all over the world. These gentle giants are not only awe-inspiring in their size and strength, but they also play a crucial role in the delicate balance of the ecosystems they inhabit. Unfortunately, elephants are facing a growing threat to their survival, and it is our responsibility to take action to protect them.One of the primary threats to elephants is poaching. Driven by the demand for ivory, poachers have been relentlessly targeting these animals, leading to a significant decline in their population. Ivory, which is obtained from the tusks of elephants, is highly valued in certain markets, particularly in Asia, where it is used for decorative and ceremonial purposes. The illegal ivory trade has become a lucrative business, with criminal networks exploiting the vulnerability of these animals to line their pockets.The impact of poaching on elephant populations has been devastating. In some regions, entire herds have been wiped out, leaving behind a fragmented and diminished population. This not only threatens the survival of the species but also disrupts the delicate balance of the ecosystem, as elephants play a crucial role inmaintaining the health and diversity of their habitats.Another major threat to elephants is habitat loss and fragmentation. As human populations continue to grow and expand, the natural habitats of elephants are being encroached upon, leading to a loss of their living space and resources. This can force elephants to venture into areas where they come into conflict with human settlements, leading to further loss of life and the destruction of property.The loss of habitat also has a profound impact on the social and behavioral patterns of elephants. These highly intelligent and social animals rely on their ability to migrate and move freely across vast distances to maintain their complex social structures and access to resources. When their habitats are fragmented, it can disrupt these essential behaviors, leading to a decline in their overall well-being and reproductive success.To address these threats, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is necessary. One of the most important steps is to strengthen international cooperation and enforcement efforts to combat the illegal ivory trade. This includes tightening regulations, increasing penalties for poaching and trafficking, and improving the coordination of law enforcement across borders.Additionally, it is crucial to invest in the conservation and restorationof elephant habitats. This can involve initiatives such as creating protected areas, implementing sustainable land-use practices, and working with local communities to find ways to coexist with these animals. By preserving and restoring the natural habitats of elephants, we can not only ensure their survival but also maintain the ecological balance of the regions they inhabit.Education and public awareness campaigns are also essential in the effort to protect elephants. By educating people about the importance of these animals, the threats they face, and the role they play in their ecosystems, we can build a global movement of support for elephant conservation. This can include initiatives such as school programs, public events, and social media campaigns that highlight the plight of elephants and inspire people to take action.Finally, it is crucial to support the work of conservation organizations and researchers who are dedicated to studying and protecting elephants. These groups play a vital role in gathering data, developing effective conservation strategies, and advocating for the protection of these animals at the local, national, and international levels.In conclusion, the protection of elephants is not only a moral imperative but also a crucial step in preserving the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems. By working together to combat poaching,protect and restore elephant habitats, and raise awareness about the importance of these magnificent creatures, we can ensure that future generations will be able to marvel at the grandeur of the elephant and the vital role they play in our world.。
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题06 形容词高频点50题 (思维导图+高考真题+仿真模拟) (原卷版)
专题06 形容词高频点50题(思维导图+高考真题+仿真模拟) 原卷版距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【形容词思维导图】【形容词高考考查动向】动向一、形容词作表语和定语动向二、动词、名词转换为形容词动向三、形容词比较级和最高级用法动向四、易混形容词辨析【小题狂练一】高考真题再现：在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____________ (space) homes and walledgardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.2.（2022新高考II卷）On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. Theyboth fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV.3.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ____________ (high) mountain.4.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.5.（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.6.（2022北京卷）That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____________ (bad). The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019.7.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.8.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of ____________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.9.（2021新高考I卷）Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us _____ (astonish).10.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _________ (day) routines.11.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what __________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!12. (2021全国乙卷)Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.13. (2021新高考II卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?14.( 2021新高考I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _________ (ache) legs.15. (2021浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much __________(small) than it is today.16.(2020北京卷) Oliver says if you're _________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.17. (2020新高考卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.18. (2020全国III卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.19. (2019全国I卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are __________ (high) than they actually are. 20.(2018全国II卷) He screams the __________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.【小题狂练二】期末试题精选：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
英语成语翻译,专业必备词汇词组[1]
![英语成语翻译,专业必备词汇词组[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c8f5a1fd04a1b0717fd5dd18.png)
专八中高级口译翻译成语、俗语1. 铁石心肠 cruel and unrelenting2. 置死地于后生 a vigorous and manly exertion3. 千秋功业 a great undertaking of lasting importance4. 安居乐业 live in peace and work happily5. 骨肉分离 family separation6. 各得其所 be properly provided for7. 众议纷纭 disagree on8. 岁月不居，来日苦短 Time does not stay is brief is the day.9. 夜长梦多 A long delay may mean trouble.10. 时不我与 Time and tide wait for no man.11. 依时顺势 keep up with the tide12. 日渐没落 being pushed out of business13. 鹬蚌相争 play A off against B14. 浩然之气 noble spirit15. 凤毛麟角 a rarity of the rarities16. 望而生畏 stand in awe before17. 敬而远之 keep respectfully aloof from18. 众矢之的 in the dock19. 毫无瓜葛 be divorced from20. 尔虞我诈 sheer cunning and falsehood21. 备受推崇 be rewarded and respected22. 善有善报，恶有恶报 the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished23. 其乐融融 sweetness and light24. 义无反顾 feel obliged to25. 物美价廉 attractive in price and quality26. 源源不断 keep flowing in a steady stream27. 滚滚不息 pour into28. 福祉 well-being29. 精华 quintessence30. 阴霾 specter31. 势不两立 pit sth against sth32. 打折扣 wear thin / water down33. 大展宏图 score big points34. 重整旗鼓 shock sth back to life35. 不谋而合 coincide with36. 染指dip one’s finger in37. 博大精深 both extensive and profound38. 源远流长 long-standing and well-established39. 诸子百家the masters’ hundred schools40. 天下为公 All under heaven are equal.41. 天下兴亡，匹夫有责 Everybody is responsible for the fate of his country.42. 吃苦耐劳 bear hardships43. 勤俭持家 frugality in household management44. 尊师重教 respect teachers and value education45. 当务之急 highest priority46. 遭受重创 take a heavy toll47. 先见之明 prescient move48. 奇园古宅 exotic gardens and old mansions49. 衣食住行 clothing, food, shelter and transportation50. 信誓旦旦 be poised to中高级口笔译必备：汉语四字格翻译（一）并列关系名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水 green hills and clear waters奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利 equality and mutual benefit扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权 streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变 the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取 blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂 peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药 panacea / miraculous cure长治久安 a long period of stability求真务实 pragmatic审时度势 size up the trend of events招商引资 attract investment誉满全球举世闻名 world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋 in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后 (continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力，日久见人心 Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜 no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄 crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重 of high ability and integrity互利互补 mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law（三）目的关系减员增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学 raise money to set up new schools结党营私 form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途径方式寓教于乐 teach through lively activities因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配 distribution according to performance以商养文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化 environmental greening超前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption 以强凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak以人为本 people foremost; People-oriented（六）动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses（七）条件关系不进则退 no progress simply means regression（八）省略意象瞻前顾后 overcautions and indecisive源远流长 have a long history呕心沥血 spare no efforts画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point花天酒地 go on the loose汗马功劳 exploits闻名遐迩 famous独具匠心 original中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey世外桃源 a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍 numerous volumes of literature中高级口译需要强记的词组+翻译必备Give the floor to请…发言It is a great pleasure for me to我很荣幸…Relevant issues 相关问题Updated research research result 最新的调查结果Attach the importance to 对…给予重视Lead-edge technologies领先技术Minister Counselor公使Natural heritage自然遗产Shared concern 共同关心的问题Well-deserved reputation良好的信誉对…表示衷心的感谢express sincere gratitude to请…讲话Let’ s welcome to give a speech双边会议bilateral conference以掌声对…表示的最热烈的欢迎propose the warmest applause to主办单位sponsor颁奖仪式the Award Ceremony贺词greeting speech隆重举行observe the grand opening of请…颁奖Let’s invite to present the award取得圆满成功achieve complete ceremony全球庆典global celebration ceremony宣布…结束 declare the closing of请全体起立，奏国歌 Please rise for the national anthem.Collective stewardship集体管理Competitive job market充满竞争的就业市场Financial institutions金融机构Forward-looking进取Gross National Product国民生产总值Meet the challenges 迎接挑战Public authorities公共机构Regulatory mechanism 法规机制The threshold of our transition into the new millenmum跨越新千年的门槛UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)联合国人居中心Urban residents 城市居民Well-serviced formal city服务齐全的高尚城市把…列为重要内容place as the priority不放松工作never neglect the work节约用水 water conservation对…表示衷心祝贺extend our sincere congratulations on节约用水先进城市model city of water conservation使…取得预期效果attain the results expected授予…光荣称号 confer honorable awards on为…而奋斗strive for严重缺水城市a city of severe water shortage有关单位units concerned与…比有差距compared with ,there is still some way to go 预祝…圆满成功wish a complete success开源与节流并重broaden sources of income &reduce expenditure 对外贸易港口seaport for foreign trade国内生产总值National Gross Products欢聚一堂merrily gather活跃的经济带vigorous economic region基础雄厚solid foundation留下最美好的印象may you have a most pleasant impression盛世the grand occasion祝愿在停留愉快wish a pleasant stay综合性商港comprehensive commercial seaport春意盎然spring is very much in the airforest coverage森林覆盖率global warming全球变暖principal element主要因素toxic emission废气排放迸发出心灵的火花ignite the sparks of understanding建立合作桥梁build the bridge for cooperation内容翔实substantial in content能源大省major province of energy日程紧凑tight in schedulecall upon 号召conservation benefits节水的好处industrial reuse and recycling工业中水利用pollution fines 污染罚款urban water conservation城市节水water saving fixtures节水装置地区经济regional economic港口经营多元化diversification in port operation责任和义务perform our duties and fulfill our obligations地区行业盛会a well-known regional event of the industry发起港initiating portsbreak free 冲破藩篱civil society民间团体ethnic lines种族genuine partnership真正的合作伙伴squatter settlements 违章建筑区without access to 享受不到畅所欲言open dialogues计划经济的束缚the bounding of planning economy紧迫问题pressing issues科教兴省和走可持续发展的道路vitalize the province by science and technology and sustainable development空前膨胀unprecedentedly inflated控制增长势头curb the trend of steep rise面临严峻挑战face severe challenges清醒地看到acutely aware生态恶化ecological deterioration提高意识strengthen the awareness相互尊重，求同存异，平等互利，优势互补，借鉴经验，拓展合作，立足当前，着眼未来respect each other, seek the common ground while putting aside difference, enjoy equality and mutual benefits, complement each other’s advant ages, learn each other’s experience, expand the cooperation, stand from the present and look forward to the future以此会议为契机take the opportunity of this seminar滞后lag behind转轨建制过程缓慢the tr4ansition of mechanism is slow总结经验教训draw lessons from the pastcommunity development oriented 以发展社区为宗旨的deserved winners当之无愧的获奖者ethnic minorities少数民族gainful employment有报酬的gender issues性别问题handicraft works 手工艺品income generation 工薪阶层in-depth knowledge深入了解the handicapped残疾人不求最大，但求最好seek the best instead of the largest产业结构industrial structure城乡一体化the unified design between the city and the countryside短期行为short-term conduct房地产开发real estate development扶贫帮困help and support the poor公共绿地public lawn公用事业public utilities会展中心convention center基建规模infrastructure scale精品意识consciousness for the best精品住宅区model human settlements企业效益enterprise revenue文明乘车civil bus ride希望工程Hope Project一、政治类：1. 日益昌盛 become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展 develop rapidly3. 隆重集会 gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平 love peace5. 追求进步 pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程 look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜 be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to takeaction12. 和平共处 coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放 open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期 experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another17. 完全意识到 be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步 make an important step19. 采取各种措施 adopt various measures20. 得出结论 ,告一段落 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立 realize national independence22. 追求真理 seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度 establish a socialist system24. 根除 (防止,消除)腐败 root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召 respond to the call26. 进入新时期 enter a new period27. 实行新政策 practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力 enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and和国际竟争力 international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增 increase every day34. 实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现 be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防 build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈 hold peace talks39. 修改法律 amend the laws40. 在．．．中起（至关） play a major的(crucial, an important ) role in 重要作用41. 对．．．做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则 follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …44. 把．．．作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况 ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题 resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进 open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判 end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效 go into effect / enter into force54. 就．．．接受妥协 accept a compromise on55. 接受．．．的采访 be interviewed by56. 把……看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平 maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布。
关于环境英语词汇
关于环境的英语词汇干旱 Drought全球变暖 Global warming温室效应 Greenhouse effect湿度 Humidity微气候影响 Microclimate effects海平面上升 Sea level rise人工影响天气 Weather modification岩石圈 LITHOSPHERE固态地球 Solid Earth洞穴 Caves地震活动 Seismic activity土壤 Soils农用土地 Agricultural land碱地 Alkali lands污染的土地 Contaminated land污染的土壤 Contaminated soil沙坑 Gravel pits荒地 Heath lands土地承载能力 Land carrying capacity土地污染 Land pollution土地开垦 Land reclamation土地恢复 Land restoration土地使用分类 Land use classification边缘土地 Marginal lands沙石开采 Sand extraction沉积 Sedimentation土壤潜力 Soil capabilities土壤保持 Soil conservation土壤污染 Soil contamination土壤退化 Soil degradation地震监测 Seismic monitoring火山 Volcanoes风蚀 Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS大气 ATMOSPHERE大气组成 Atmospheric composition 空气质量 Air quality大气化学 Atmospheric chemistry大气成分 Atmospheric components大气颗粒物 Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide温室气体 Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfallenhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气 Oxygen臭氧层 Ozone layer大气过程 Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用 Air-water interaction大气环流 Atmospheric circulation大气降水 Atmospheric precipitation碳循环 Carbon cycle蒸发作用 Evaporation降水增加 Precipitation enhancement降雨 Rainfall太阳辐射 Solar radiation蒸腾作用 Transpiration风 Winds空气污染 Air pollution酸雨 Acid rain空气污染物 Air pollutants氯氟碳 Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulatematter飞灰 Fly ash雾 Fog薄烟 Haze空内空气污染 Indoor air pollution烟雾 Smog气候问题 Climatic issues农业气象学 Agrometeorology气候 Climate气候变化 Climatic change气候带 Climatic zones土壤侵蚀 Soil erosion土壤改良 Soil improvement土壤盐碱化 Soil salination水蚀 Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地 Arid lands沙漠化 Desertification抗旱 Drought control旱作 Dry farming沙丘固定 Sand dune fixation沙丘 Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统 Forest ecosystems植树造林 Afforestation针叶林 Coniferous forests森林砍伐 Deforestation森林保护 Forest conservation森林火灾 Forest fires草地火灾 Grass fires绿化带 Greenbelts本地森林 Indigenous forests再造林 Reafforestation植被恢复 Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林 Temperate forests温带林地 Temperate woodlands树木 Trees热带生态系统 Tropical ecosystems热带森林 Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统 Woodland ecosystems 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zoneecosystems南极生态系统 Antarctic ecosystems南极地区 Antarctic region北极生态系统 Arctic ecosystems北极地区 Arctic region寒带生态系统 Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统 Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrostecosystems极地生态系统 Polar ecosystems温带生态系统 Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统 Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统 Highland ecosystems登山运动 Mountaineering湿地生态系统 Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽 Mangrove swamps水禽 Waterfowl水涝地 Waterlogged lands流域管理 Watershed management水边开发 Waterside development生物多样性和保护区 Biological diversityand protected areas适应性强的物种 Adaptable species藻类 Algae两栖动物 Amphibians动物习性 Animal behaviour动物资源 Animal resources节肢动物 Arthropods生物多样性 Biological diversity生物资源 Biological resources生物圈保护区 Biosphere reserves群落生境 Biotopes鸟类 Birds植物园 Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of geneticresources生态平衡 Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animalspecies濒危植物物种Endangered plantspecies河口保护区Estuarine conservationareas动物区系 Fauna植物区系 Flora食物链 Food chain捕猎 Hunting无脊椎动物 Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物 Land mammals哺乳动物 Mammals海洋保护区 Marine conservation areas微生物 Microorganisms移栖种 Migratory species国家公园 National parks国家保护区 National reserves寄生生物 Parasites愉猎 Poaching灵长目 Primates保护区 Protected areas受保护的物种 Protected species爬行动物 Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biologicalresources植被 Vegetation杂草 Weeds野生生物 Wildlife野生生物保护 Wildlife conservation野生生物生境 Wildlife habitats动物园 Zoological gardens细菌 Bacteria酶 Enzymes真菌 Fungi基因库 Gene banks种质 Germ plasm微生物资源 Microbial resources原生生物 Protozoa病毒 Viruses酵母 Yeasts生物技术问题 Biotechnological issues 农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学 Bioethics生物安全 Biosafety生物技术 Biotechnologies无性繁殖 Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂 Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体 Mutants繁殖控制 Reproductive manipulation DNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies致畸剂 Teratogens淡水 FRESHWATER淡水资源 Freshwater resources谈水保护 Conservation of freshwater水坝 Dams冰 Ice湖泊 Lakes自然排水系统 Natural drainage systems 河流流域开发 River basin development 河流 Rivers雪 Snow地下水 Subterranean water 地表水 Surface waters水资源保护Water resourcesconservation水资源开发Water resourcesdevelopment淡水生态系统 Freshwater ecosystems集水区 Catchment areas国际河流流域 International river basins湖泊流域 Lake basins池塘尾渣 Ponds tailings河流流域 River basins淡水恶化 Freshwater degradation河流污染 River pollution径流 Run-off沉积物移动 Sediment mobilization沉积物运移 Sediment transport沉积盆地 Sedimentary basins渗漏 Seepage凤眼蓝 Water hyacinth水污染 Water pollution水的盐化 Water salination饮用水供应 Drinking water supply脱盐 Desalination饮用水 Drinking water饮用水处理 Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal waterdistribution systems农村供水 Rural water supply污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plants水泵 Water pumps水处理 Water treatment水井 Water wells海洋环境 MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统 Marine ecosystems藻花 Algal bloom海底生态系统 Benthic ecosystems海洋污染 Marine pollution污染沉积物 Marine sediments海洋环境 Ocean circulation洋流 Ocean currents海洋 Oceans海洋温度 Ocean temperature赤潮 Red tide海平面 Sea level潮,潮汐 Tides沿海生态系统 Coastal ecosystems群岛 Archipelagoes沿海地区 Coastal areas沿海开发 Coastal development沿海环境 Coastal environments海岸侵蚀 Coastal erosion疏浚 Dredging河口生态系统 Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统 Island ecosystems小岛屿 Small islands海洋生物资源 Living marine resources水生哺乳动物 Aquatic mammals水生微生物 Aquatic microorganisms水生植物 Aquatic plants珊瑚礁 Coral reefs甲壳纲动物 Crustaceans鱼类 Fish海洋资源保护Marine resourcesconservation软体动物 Molluscs水生贝壳类动物 Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT资源管理 Resources management深海矿藏 Deep sea deposits森林管理 Forest management森林政府 Forest policy资源的地埋分布 Geographic distributionof resources土地价值 Land values矿产资源 Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源 Natural resources自然保护 Nature conservation不可再生资源 Non-renewable resources 资源净损耗 Net resource depletion矿床 Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源 Renewable resources资源估价 Resource appraisal资源保护 Resource conservation海底开发 Sea bed exploitation海底采矿 Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划 Environmental planning发展合作 Development cooperation发展计划 Development planning生态发展 Ecodevelopment经济发展 Economic development经济计划 Economic planning环境核算 Environmental accounting环境审计 Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价 Environmental health impact assessment环境影响 Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标 Environmental indicators环境政策 Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助 Financial assistance土地利用规划 Land use planning 环境管理指标Environmentalmanagement indicators环境质量指标Environmental qualityindicators实验工程 Pilot projects政策规划 Policy planning施压集团 Pressure groups区域规划 Regional planning自助计划 Self-help programmes工农业选址 Siting of industry社会调查 Social surveys发展状况 Status of development可持续发展 Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainabledevelopment indicators技术评价 Technology assessment运输计划 Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economicissues环境定价 Environmental valuation环境成本 Environmental costs外部 Externalities重置成本 Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact onenvironment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valuedecosystem components经济管理手段Economic managementinstruments成本-效益分析 Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countriesdebt环境股票交易Environmental stockexchange政府环境开支Governmentenvironmental expenditures绿色财政手段 Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation ofenvironmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with greenlabelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies ofresources结构调整计划Structural adjustmentprograms税收差别 Tax differentiation可交易的许可证 Tradeable permits人类住区 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlementsmanagement建成区 Built-up areas经济规划 Economic zoning用火安全要求 Fire safety requirements历史遗址 Historical sites住房改善 Housing improvements住房需求 Housing needs住房规划 Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing qualitystandards工业区 Industrial areas非高峰时间工作 Off-peak working办公室 Offices城区发展模式 Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urbandevelopment再建房屋 Rehousing租赁房屋 Rental housing居民区 Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards forbuildings商店 Shops建筑业标准Standards for buildingindustry城区设计 Urban design建成结构 Built structures桥梁 Bridges建筑材料 Building materials建筑物 Buildings建筑技术 Building technology施工技术 Construction technology建筑工程 Construction works农业建筑 Farm buildings政府建筑 Government buildings高层建筑 High-rise buildings工业建筑 Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房 Mobile homes核研究中心 Nuclear research centres装配式房屋 Prefabricated buildings结构 Structures隔热 Thermal insulation基础设施 Infrastructure通道 Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放 Automobile parking建成的排水系统 Built drainage systems 电力分配 Electric power distribution公共花园 Public gardens公路 Highways空地 Open spaces管道 Pipelines运动场 Playgrounds公园 Public parks公用事业 Public utilities道路建设 Road construction道路养护 Road maintenance体育设施 Sports facilities电信 Telecommunications运输系统 Transport systems隧道 Tunnels城市供水 Urban water supply 公共服务 Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of humansettlements生育控制 Birth control社区服务 Community services社区参与 Community participation通勤 Commuting消费方式 Consumption patterns文化指标 Cultural indicators发展模式 Development patterns残疾人 Disabled persons毒品滥用 Drug abuse生态旅游 Ecotourism计划生育 Family planning性别问题 Gender issues无家可归 Homelessness住房集资 Housing finance人类迁居 Human migration人口 Human population人权 Human rights土地分配 Land allotment生活方式 Lifestyles低价住房 Low-cost housing流动工人 Migrant workers少数民族 Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhoodimprovement schemes新社区 New communities流浪者 Nomads非高峰时间通勤 Off-peak commuting公共卫生 Public health种族关系 Race relations娱乐 Recreation农村地区 Rural areas环境卫生 Sanitation社会指数 Social indicators社会-经济因素 Socio-economic factors旅游 Tourism旅行 Travel贫困阶层 Under-privileged people城市地区 Urban areas城区改造 Urban renewal城区压力 Urban stress妇女地位 Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmentalaspects of human settlements空调 Air conditioning尸体处置 Disposal of the dead区城供热 District heating住房密度 Housing density过度拥挤 Overcrowding难民 Refugees旅游设施 Tourist facilities城市衰败 Urban decay农业 AGRICULTURE农业方式 Agricultural practices农业设备 Agricultural equipment农业管理 Agricultural management农业方法 Agricultural methods农业害虫 Agricultural pests农业生产 Agricultural production农业储藏 Agricultural storage动物疾病 Animal diseases动物营养 Animal nutrition养蜂业 Apiculture水产养殖 Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control ofpests生物固氮 Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥 Composts等高耕作 Contour farming受控燃烧 Controlled burning作物保护 Crop protection挽畜 Draught animals鱼类养殖 Fish culture渔业管理 Fisheries management谷物 Grains作物虫害传染 Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染 Infestation of food灌溉 Irrigation灌溉渠 Irrigation canals灌溉农业 Irrigation farming天然肥料 Natural fertilizers有机农业 Organic farming病虫害控制 Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards植物病害 Plant diseases家禽饲养 Poultry farming林农轮作 Shifting cultivation树木苗圃 Tree nurseries滴灌 Trickle irrigation农工业 Agro-industry畜产品 Animal products饮料工业 Beverage industry酿造业 Brewing industry蒸馏业 Distilling industry食品辐照 Food irradiation食品保存 Food preservation食品贮藏 Food storage食品运输 Food transport林产品 Forest products烟草 Tobacco农用化学品 Agrochemicals化学肥料 Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂 Fungicides除草剂 Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢 Metabolism of pesticides 硝酸盐 Nitrates亚硝酸盐 Nitrites亚硝胺 Nitrosamines营养物 Nutrients 有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径 Pesticide pathways杀虫剂 Pesticides磷酸盐 Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性 Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用 Utilization of pesticides工业 INDUSTRY工业生产过程 Industrial processes制铝工业 Aluminium industry适用技术 Appropriate technology高炉 Blast furnaces纤维素 Cellulose化学工业 Chemical industry清洁技术 Clean technologies服装工业 Clothing industry乳品业 Dairy industry脱盐工厂 Desalination plants干洗 Dry cleaning炼铁工业 Iron industry洗烫衣服 Laundering皮革工业 Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。
大象的英文介绍3～4句英语
大象的英文介绍3～4句英语Introduction.Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have captivated humans for centuries with their intelligence, strength, and social behavior. These majestic creaturesplay vital roles in their ecosystems, shaping habitats and maintaining biodiversity. Their unique physical characteristics and cognitive abilities have made them objects of fascination for scientists and naturalists alike.Physical Characteristics.Elephants are characterized by their massive bodies, which can reach up to 13 feet tall and weigh up to 15,000 pounds. Their elongated trunks, used for breathing, smelling, grasping objects, and making sounds, are one of their most distinctive features. Their large ears, which help to regulate their body temperature, and their curved tusks, used for defense and gathering food, are alsonotable characteristics.Behavior and Social Structure.Elephants are highly social animals that live in complex and hierarchical societies. They form close bonds with their family members, including mothers, sisters, aunts, and cousins, and establish strong matriarchal groups. These matriarchal herds are often led by the oldest andmost experienced female, who guides the group in search of food and water. Elephants communicate through a variety of vocalizations, including trumpets, rumbles, and screams,and exhibit sophisticated problem-solving abilities andtool use.Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities.Elephants possess remarkable intelligence and cognitive abilities. They have large brains, capable of complex thought and learning, and display a high level of self-awareness. Elephants have been observed using tools, suchas sticks to scratch themselves or leaves to swat awayflies, and they have demonstrated an understanding of cause and effect relationships. Their ability to remember events and individuals over long periods of time is also a testament to their cognitive prowess.Ecological Significance.Elephants play vital roles in their ecosystems. As herbivores, they consume large amounts of vegetation, which helps to shape and maintain habitats. Their foraging behavior creates clearings in dense vegetation, allowingfor the growth of new plants and providing opportunitiesfor other species to thrive. Additionally, elephants are important seed dispersers, carrying seeds in theirdigestive tracts and distributing them over wide areas.Conservation Status and Threats.Despite their ecological importance, elephants face numerous threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-elephant conflict. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanizationdisrupt elephant movements and access to resources. Poaching for their ivory tusks remains a significant threat, and human-elephant conflict arises when elephants come into contact with human settlements, often leading to crop damage and loss of life.Conclusion.Elephants are magnificent creatures that hold a special place in the natural world. Their intelligence, social behavior, and ecological significance make them captivating subjects of study and conservation efforts. Byunderstanding and protecting these majestic animals, we not only preserve their well-being but also contribute to the health of the ecosystems they inhabit.。
老虎远离人类英文作文高中
老虎远离人类英文作文高中Title: Keeping Tigers Away from Human Populations。
Tigers, majestic creatures of the wild, have long been revered and feared by humans. With their dwindling habitat and increasing human encroachment, conflicts between tigers and humans have become more frequent, posing a threat to both species. Thus, it is imperative to explore effective strategies to keep tigers away from human populations.First and foremost, habitat conservation plays apivotal role in mitigating human-tiger conflicts. Preserving and restoring natural habitats for tigers ensures that they have ample space to roam and hunt without encroaching on human settlements. This entails establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves where tigers can thrive undisturbed. Additionally, creating buffer zones around these protected areas can act as a barrier between tigers and human habitations, reducing the likelihood of encounters.Furthermore, raising awareness among local communities about the importance of coexisting with tigers is crucial. Education initiatives can enlighten people about the ecological significance of tigers and the need to conserve their habitats. By fostering a sense of stewardship and respect for wildlife, communities can adopt practices that minimize their impact on tiger territories, such as refraining from illegal logging and poaching.In areas where human-tiger conflicts are prevalent, implementing non-lethal deterrents can help prevent confrontations. Techniques such as installing motion-activated lights and sound alarms around villages can deter tigers from entering human settlements. Moreover, constructing sturdy fences or barriers can create aphysical barrier between tigers and communities, reducing the chances of attacks on livestock or humans.Another effective approach is to promote sustainable livelihood options for communities living in tiger habitats. By providing alternative sources of income such asecotourism or sustainable agriculture, local residents are less likely to engage in activities that put them in direct conflict with tigers, such as poaching or encroaching on forested areas.Collaboration between government agencies, conservation organizations, and local communities is essential for the successful implementation of these strategies. Through partnerships and coordinated efforts, stakeholders can develop comprehensive management plans tailored to the unique challenges of each tiger habitat. This includes conducting regular monitoring of tiger populations, assessing human-tiger conflict hotspots, and adapting management strategies accordingly.In conclusion, keeping tigers away from human populations requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the root causes of conflicts while promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife. Through habitat conservation, community engagement, use of non-lethal deterrents, and sustainable development initiatives, we can safeguard both tigers and human communities for generations to come. Onlythrough collective action and dedication can we ensure a future where tigers roam free in the wild without posing a threat to human safety.。
环境英文对照
精心整理大气组成 Atmospheric composition空气质量 Air quality氧气臭氧层空气－水相互作用 Air-water interaction大气环流 Atmospheric circulation大气降水 Atmospheric precipitation碳循环 Carbon cycle蒸发作用 Evaporation降水增加 Precipitation enhancement降雨风酸雨氯氟碳沉降的颗粒物 Deposited particulate matter 飞灰 Fly ash雾 Fog薄烟 Haze空内空气污染 Indoor air pollution 烟雾 Smog气候问题 Climatic issues气候气候带干旱湿度 Humidity微气候影响 Microclimate effects 海平面上升 Sea level rise人工影响天气 Weather modification 岩石圈 LITHOSPHERE固态地球 Solid Earth洞穴 Caves火山风蚀土壤d碱地 Alkali lands污染的土地 Contaminated land污染的土壤 Contaminated soil沙坑 Gravel pits荒地 Heath lands土地承载能力 Land carrying capacity 土地污染 Land pollution沉积土壤保持 Soil conservation土壤污染 Soil contamination土壤退化 Soil degradation土壤侵蚀 Soil erosion土壤改良 Soil improvement土壤盐碱化 Soil salination水蚀 Water erosion沙漠化抗旱旱作沙丘半干旱地区生态系统 Semi-arid land ecosystems 森林生态系统 Forest ecosystems植树造林 Afforestation针叶林 Coniferous forests森林砍伐 Deforestation森林保护 Forest conservation森林火灾 Forest fires绿化带再造林温带林地 Temperate woodlands热带生态系统 Tropical ecosystems 热带森林 Tropical forests热带森林生态系统 Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统 Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统 Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems 南极生态系统 Antarctic ecosystems温带生态系统 Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统 Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统 Highland ecosystems登山运动 Mountaineering湿地生态系统 Wetlands ecosystems 红树沼泽 Mangrove swamps水禽 Waterfowl水涝地藻类动物习性 Animal behaviour动物资源 Animal resources节肢动物 Arthropods生物多样性 Biological diversity 生物资源 Biological resources 生物圈保护区 Biosphere reserves 群落生境 Biotopes鸟类 Birds植物园植物区系 Flora食物链 Food chain捕猎 Hunting无脊椎动物 Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物 Land mammals哺乳动物 Mammals海洋保护区 Marine conservation areas微生物移栖种愉猎灵长目保护区 Protected areas受保护的物种 Protected species爬行动物 Reptiles陆地生物资源 Terrestrial biological resources 植被 Vegetation杂草 Weeds野生生物 Wildlife动物园细菌酶真菌基因库种质 Germ plasm微生物资源 Microbial resources原生生物 Protozoa病毒 Viruses酵母 Yeasts生物技术问题 Biotechnological issues农业生物技术 Agricultural biotechnologies诱变剂突变体 Mutants繁殖控制 Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术 Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖 Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响 Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂 Teratogens淡水水坝地下水地表水 Surface waters水资源保护 Water resources conservation水资源开发 Water resources development淡水生态系统 Freshwater ecosystems集水区 Catchment areas国际河流流域 International river basins 湖泊流域 Lake basins径流沉积盆地 Sedimentary basins渗漏 Seepage凤眼蓝 Water hyacinth水污染 Water pollution水的盐化 Water salination饮用水供应 Drinking water supply 脱盐 Desalination饮用水水泵水处理水井 Water wells海洋环境 MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统 Marine ecosystems藻花 Algal bloom海底生态系统 Benthic ecosystems 海洋污染 Marine pollution污染沉积物 Marine sediments洋流海洋赤潮海平面潮,沿海生态系统 Coastal ecosystems 群岛 Archipelagoes沿海地区 Coastal areas沿海开发 Coastal development沿海环境 Coastal environments海岸侵蚀 Coastal erosion疏浚 Dredging小岛屿珊瑚礁 Coral reefs甲壳纲动物 Crustaceans海洋资源保护 Marine resources conservation软体动物 Molluscs水生贝壳类动物 Shellfish环境管理 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理 Resources management自然资源 Natural resources自然保护 Nature conservation不可再生资源 Non-renewable resources资源净损耗 Net resource depletion矿床 Ore deposits石油资源保护 Petroleum resources conservation 可再生资源 Renewable resources发展计划 Development planning生态发展 Ecodevelopment经济发展 Economic development经济计划 Economic planning环境核算 Environmental accounting环境审计 Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价 Environmental health impact assessment土地利用规划 Land use planning环境管理指标 Environmental management indicators环境质量指标 Environmental quality indicators试验项目 Pilot projects政策规划 Policy planning施压集团 Pressure groups区域规划 Regional planning运输计划 Transport planning环境经济问题 Environmental economic issues 环境定价 Environmental valuation环境成本 Environmental costs外部 Externalities重置成本 Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响 Trade impact on environment成本-环境成本内在化 Internalisation of environmental costs 以绿色标志促销 Marketing with green labeling资源的定价政策 Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划 Structural adjustment programs 税收差别 Tax differentiation可交易的许可证 Tradeable permits人类住区 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS建成区住房规划 Housing programmes住房质量标准 Housing quality standards工业区 Industrial areas非高峰时间工作 Off-peak working办公室 Offices城区发展模式 Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展 Planned urban development居民区商店建成结构 Built structures桥梁 Bridges建筑材料 Building materials建筑物 Buildings建筑技术 Building technology施工技术 Construction technology 建筑工程 Construction works装配式房屋 Prefabricated buildings 结构 Structures隔热 Thermal insulation基础设施 Infrastructure通道 Access roads水上娱乐活动 Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放 Automobile parking公路空地管道运动场公园 Public parks公用事业 Public utilities道路建设 Road construction道路养护 Road maintenance体育设施 Sports facilities电信 Telecommunications运输系统 Transport systems隧道通勤 Commuting消费方式 Consumption patterns 文化指标 Cultural indicators发展模式 Development patterns 残疾人 Disabled persons毒品滥用 Drug abuse生态旅游 Ecotourism人口人权土地分配 Land allotment生活方式 Lifestyles低价住房 Low-cost housing流动工人 Migrant workers少数民族 Minorities社区改善计划 Neighbourhood improvement schemes 新社区 New communities流浪者娱乐社会-旅游 Tourism旅行 Travel贫困阶层 Under-privileged people城市地区 Urban areas城区改造 Urban renewal城区压力 Urban stress妇女地位 Women status空调难民旅游设施 Tourist facilities 城市衰败 Urban decay农业 AGRICULTURE农业方式 Agricultural practices农业设备 Agricultural equipment农业管理 Agricultural management农业方法 Agricultural methods养蜂业害虫的生物控制 Biological control of pests 生物固氮 Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥 Composts等高耕作 Contour farming受控燃烧 Controlled burning 作物保护 Crop protection挽畜 Draught animals谷物灌溉灌溉渠灌溉农业 Irrigation farming 天然肥料 Natural fertilizers 有机农业 Organic farming病虫害控制 Pest management杀虫剂标准控制 Pesticide control standards 植物病害 Plant diseases家禽饲养 Poultry farming滴灌农工业畜产品酿造业蒸馏业 Distilling industry食品辐照 Food irradiation食品保存 Food preservation食品贮藏 Food storage食品运输 Food transport林产品 Forest products烟草 Tobacco除草剂硝酸盐亚硝胺 Nitrosamines营养物 Nutrients有机磷化物 Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性 Persistence of pesticides 杀虫剂路径 Pesticide pathways杀虫剂 Pesticides磷酸盐 Phosphates工业高炉 Blast furnaces纤维素 Cellulose化学工业 Chemical industry清洁技术 Clean technologies服装工业 Clothing industry乳品业 Dairy industry脱盐工厂 Desalination plants干洗矿产业 Mineral industry采矿 Mining天然气开采 Natural gas extraction原油开采 Oil extraction石油提炼 Petroleum refining 印刷工业 Printing industry 纸浆工业 Pulp industry?采石工业产品 Industrial products 消费品 Consumer goods危险品 Dangerous goods工业材料 Industrial materials天然纤维 Natural fibres包装 Packaging涂料 Paints产品标签 Product labeling漆木产品运输空运 Air transportation空中交通规则 Air traffic regulations 飞机 Aircraft飞机发动机排放物 Aircraft engine emissions 飞机噪音 Aircraft noise机场 Airports航天运输 Space transportation自行车道路城市交通 Urban traffic车辆检验 Vehicle inspection水上运输 Water transportation渔轮 Fishing vessels内河运输 Inland water transport内陆水道 Inland waterways国际水道 International watercourses海运油轮港口潜水艇能能源动物粪便作燃料 Animal dung as fuel 沼气 Biogas生物量 Biomass生物质能 Biomass energy 木炭 Charcoal原油 Crude oil能源资源 Energy resources浓缩铀薪柴地热能烃水电 Hydroelectric power 液化气 Liquefied gas甲烷 Methane天然气 Natural gas可再生能源 Renewable energy sources不可再生能源 Non-renewable energy resources 无污染能源 Non-polluting energy sources核能核燃料油类油页岩汽油太阳能 Solar energy焦油砂 Tar sands海洋热能 Thermal sea power潮汐能 Tidal energy铀 Uranium波浪能 Wave energy风能 Wind energy煤气化煤液化电力发电厂能源转换 Energy conversion 能源效率 Energy efficiency 能源政策 Energy policy能源生产 Energy production能源利用 Energy use能源利用方式 Energy utilization patterns 气体液化 Gas liquefaction照明核电站环境化学 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY无机物质 Inorganic substances酸 Acids氧化铝 Alumina氯 Chlorine盐酸 Hydrochloric acid硫化氢 Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐硫酸酚外激素，信息素 Pheromones植物油 Vegetable oils生物化学过程 Biochemical processes酸化 Acidification需氧过程 Aerobic processes厌氧过程 Anaerobic processes生物降解 Biodegradation固氮光合作用 Photosynthesis物理－化学过程 Physico-chemical processes 放射性 Radioactivity毒性 Toxicity污染 POLLUTION污染物 Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂??Aerosols石棉危险物质 Hazardous substances 危险废物 Hazardous wastes重金属 Heavy metals医院废物 Hospital wastes工业废水 Industrial effluents工业排放物 Industrial emissions工业烟尘 Industrial fumes铅污染汞污染采矿废物 Mining wastes机动车辆排放物 Motor vehicle emissions 城市废物 Municipal waste氮氧化物 Nitrogen oxides噪声污染 Noise pollution恶臭公害 Odour nuisance有机物污染 Organic pollutants放射性物质 Radioactive substances 氡 Radon橡胶废物 Rubber waste。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Settlements Ecological Ereas Design AbstractSettlements Ecological Ereas Design Abstract : ecological habitat areas through adjustment of ecological environment ecosystems and ecological factors, the area has become a natural ecology and human ecology, natural and artificial environment, a high degree of unity of material and spiritual civilizations, the ideals of sustainable development of urban settlements. Ecological areas of space rational structure, improving infrastructure, ecological construction, intelligent buildings and building life should be widely Use artificial environment and the natural environment integration. It is consistent with urban planning and regional planning, and regional and urban harmony, is part of the ecological city, the host city and embodies characteristics.Key word: Ecological house design1 The ecological characteristics of small content Ecological habitat areas through adjustment of ecological environment ecosystems and ecological factors, the area has become a natural ecology and human ecology, natural and artificial environment, a high degree of unity of material and spiritual civilizations, the ideals of sustainable development of urban settlements. Ecological areas of space rational structure, improving infrastructure, ecological construction, the widespread application of smart buildings and the construction of life, artificial environment and the natural environment integration. It is consistent with urban planning and regional planning, and regional and urban harmony, is part of the ecological city, the host city and embodies characteristics. Compared with the traditional areas of ecological areas was essentially different from the following features: cohesion D symbiotic ecological areas within the natural and human, human to natural, intimate nature, natural into the residential areas into natural; At the same time, to create the environment to meet human needs of their own development, a human face, full of strong cultural atmosphere, mutual assistance groups have strong attractive, showing a prosperous, vigor and vitality. Area D ecological sustainability guided by sustainable development, and thus it can achieve small social, economic and environmental development, to achieve social and environmental benefits at the same time promoting economic development, and achieve rapid economic growth of high quality; Natural resources as a small public area can be used for a long, long time. Area D is not simply the pursuit of the overall ecological environment or Own prosperity, but also a social, economic, environmental overall coordination among development, nor is a small ecologicalization the ecologicalization, but overall the area of ecological and achieve overall ecological civilization. Therefore, the ecologicalresidential building our cities will gradually change the current building environmental pollution, lack of effective environmental protection unreasonable status quo and achieve energy savings, and section, water conservation, pollution, and the effective management of the property to improve the environment of cities and areas have their own powerful dynamic.2 Ecological planning content areas (1) Ecological district planning objectives UN Man and the Biosphere Programme No. 57 report pointed out: "It is natural ecological planning ecological and social psychological aspects of the two to create a fully integrated technology and natural human activity optimal environment induced human creativity and productivity in high material and cultural standard of living. "According to this description, We ecological areas can be understood as planning objectives : to ecology "as a whole, coordination, circulation, renewable" principle as a guide, through the promotion of eco-design methodology Habitat improvement of the quality of the environment and people in harmony with the natural, artificial and natural facilities coordination, and achieve small social-economic-natural complex system as a whole to achieve a coordinated and stable, balanced, orderly state of evolution. (2) ecological district planning methods The use of eco laws aiming at sustainable development, to engineering measures and technical means to support the traditional sense small design planning to become a real estate ecological areas to areas of ecological civilization advance the sustainable development of cities. (3) the content of the ecological area planning Including small ecological planning, economic planning and social ecological ecological planning. 1, ecological planning! Green indicators: The indicators are measured Ecological district level building the most important indexes. Green belts (including node and surface) to more than 50%, the per capita public green spaces in more than 28 square meters. Ground water indicators : indicators that the water seepage capacity building bases to minimize concrete coverage, the use of natural drainage systems to facilitate rainwater infiltration, the ideal target is 80% of the surface area of flooding to properties. Water-saving targets the targets for the development of alternative water resources (revenue) and the provincial water apparatus use (cut), as the main water-saving methods. The former refers to the design of residential buildings or use force rain water purification system design, which means that rain, life-pooling processed, the required water quality standards, duplication in the use of non-potable water and non-physical contact with the complex water. Energy conservation targets : to design energy-efficient buildings throughair-conditioning systems, lighting, night-ray use, the use of solar energy and other means. CO2 and waste reduction targets : the application of indicators to encourage Qinglianghua architectural structures, such as the use of steelconstruction to reduce construction sand Stone, brick and other building materials; Promote home simple interior designers, building materials recycling to achieve energy conservation, provincial resources, reduce waste and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Sewage treatment indicators: the former for construction of storm water, sewage diversion pipeline systems, on the one hand facilitate the recycling of rainwater, on the other hand, could reduce the volume of sewage treatment. The latter refers to refuse collection and classification of resources recycling. Green traffic indicators: a clean, suitable for the urban environment, health useful means of transport to completesocio-economic exchanges. According to Taiwan with the use of green transport assessment, foot, bicycle, Light Rail, trams, etc. score 40 or more, and ordinary buses, trucks, motorcycles, scored in the following hours. Therefore, ecological areas green transport planning should encourage residents to use green transport. 2, economic ecological planning! The overall objective is to resource consumption and environmental pollution to the light of the rapid economic growth and cultivating scientific civilization consumption patterns. For this purpose, the application of green technology and green consumption production technology, and gradually change the energy structure, accelerate renewable energy alternative to fossil energy, applications hydropower, wind, biomass, solar and other green energy; Using natural ventilation and natural lighting and reduce energy consumption; In the area of production of green, green consumption. 3, the social ecology planning to enhance the sense of belonging and a small landmark, a center of the square and the charm of the inhabitants frog space; Supporting the establishment of complete, rationally ecological infrastructure, the creation of various age groups to facilitate crowd living environment; Area provide diversity, individuality residential, to ensure that all economic income people and people of various age levels demand; small commercial activities, public services, cultural activities, recreational activities, the center concentrated areas. In short, ecological planning of new residential areas is a concept and a vision for the future of urban targets will be the ideal leisure parks and sustainable urban development trend of the future residential area. It is a magnificent building integrated engineering; we need long-term and unremitting efforts.3、The ecological residential contents Ecological residential has a strict technical standard, developers can not arbitrarily self-styled. Ecological residential demand in the energy and water, gas, sound, light, heat and the green environment, waste disposal, building materials and other aspects of the nine national standards. 1, in the energy system, should avoid multiple pipelines into people's homes, the wall structure of residential energy-efficient design and reversal system and encourage the use of solar, wind, geothermal,maintaining appropriate indoor temperature, indoor temperature in the winter. 2, the system called for the establishment of outdoor aquatic environment sewage reuse rainwater collection system and use the system, indoor and outdoor use of water saving devices, the use of water-saving landscape water systems. 3, gas environment to the secondary system for the outdoor air quality standards, indoor ensure natural ventilation, ventilation ventilation facilities with bathrooms, kitchens have gas emission concentration system to the larger national air quality standards. 4, sound environmental systems, Architectural designs have noise Jiangzao measures for outdoor daytime noise 50dB, less than 40dB noise at night, less than 35dB noise indoor day, night noise less than 30 dB.5, optical environmental systems meet the requirements of interior design sunshine hours, try using natural light; indoor, avoid light pollution, such as glare advertising, curtain walls; indoor application of energy-saving lamps, and promote the use of solar green lighting. 6, ecological residential use has also requested approval of the National Environment Commission approved the award of the environment and surrounded by the signs of building materials to meet the non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting, non-radioactive, non-volatile requirements, the use of 3R (reusable, recyclable use, renewable use) materials. Small green environment is an important theme of ecological residential, while living in the garbage disposal is a major part of a . For residential ecology, ecological areas of life to the full bag of garbage collection, enclosed containers stored the collection rate 100% classification rate of 50%.4、The types and characteristics of the ecological residential (a) the type of ecological residential 1, ecological residential categories : main advocate for the arts in origin, the maximum residential development ecological functional art, and art to such convergence of ecological art to be created as residential to create, whether such residential look from the outside or from within is a piece of art. 2, ecological wisdom categories: ecological wisdom mainly to highlight various features to maximize residential wisdom. Any person living on possible devices capable of providing intelligent services have been placed in the appropriate part, the owner can rely on imagination and simple operation can achieve a special enjoyment. 3, in addition to other types of more! Species, there are eco-religious groups, lived a primitive tribal group, and some of the ecological category, ecological deficit tribunal Residential category. (2) the ecological health of the residential characteristics Ecological residential called "health residential." Not only ecological residential green, and from the planning point of view, the overall ecological area layout, monomer space portfolio, housing construction, natural energy use, energy efficiency measures, green systems and life support services in the design, must be to improve and enhance the ecological environment, the quality of life as astarting point and the goal. Moreover, in actual design, layout on the green level, style and building mutual shine; Focus on different aspects of the complementary integration of plants, such as, inter ordinary plants, flowers and trees to watch, leafy trees, edible fruit trees, medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation; Green throughout the area to play while the other deeper ecological role, such as insulation, wind-proof, dust-proof and anti-noise, the eliminationof poison material, adult bacterial virus, or even elimination from the visual sensory and mental fatigue, psychological role. And the housing construction, will consider the ecological and social ecology needs to save energy, to occupants of natural space and interpersonal needs. Ecological residential to health conscious. Real estate not to sell land for the ultimate goal, nor is selling steel, cement house for the ultimate purpose is not to sell the concept and the environment as the ultimate goal, but to create a line with the development of human society and human needs of a healthy and civilized new home for the final goal. It can be said that real estate is selling a lifestyle, a subculture is sold, the sale of a new society and a new trend. Owners as a community, to really enjoy the community healthy and civilized new life, is not only reflected in the design of the real estate business, not only in the real estate area matching hardware facilities, but on community service software, people really enjoy the physical and mental pleasure. This is a healthy and civilized into the home.5、Ecological design and construction of residential Since China's reform and opening up, economic development has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time was accompanied by a waste of resources and environmental pollution. Since the backward production technologies, our average construction energy is developed 2~3 times, pollution was also very serious, our cities were the World Health Organization as a "serious pollution" in cities. Real estate development and use of a large consumption of resources, produce large quantities of industrial waste. To people hygiene, health, comfortable living, and environmental protection must be put in an important position. (1) The full use of solar energy Solar energy is the most important green energy is inexhaustible, widespread natural energy, and its advantage is extremely rich, clean, safe and cheap. Currently, the use of solar energy in residential areas, there are three main areas : solar water heaters, solar air conditioning and solar cells. According to information on, for the installation of a 300 year by the solar hot water massage central hot water system will require an investment of about 15 million, the annual energy cost about 80,000 yuan, 2a can recover the full investment, and solar water heating systems for 15~20a useful life, then the costs of energy-saving equipment on the high 100~140 million. In recent decades, many countries are active in research, development, the use of solar energy, and achieved encouraging results. The most notable of which Australia and Israel, the prevalence of solar water heaters are 30% and 50%. Our research anddevelopment of solar late, and achieved certain results, but only about 6% coverage, and development is uneven and more concentrated in the western region, the highest rate of Yunnan, 10%. My solar abundant sunshine hours for 2500h years, the region accounted for more than 2/3 land area, some areas up to 3000h. This use of solar energy for the development of our country provided a good condition. With scientific and technological progress, the scope will be broader use of solar energy and energy conversion efficiency will be higher. (2) rational use of water resources My country is a lack of water in some places, on the one hand, serious water shortages, on the other hand, wasted. Water is the key measures or "new." Residents primarily drinking water consumption and use, including restaurants use about 5% of total consumption, while the remaining 95% for washing, sewage. In the residential area, according to applications of A, B two water systems. A system specifically for drinking water (including milk, river, village, cooking). The system must be consistent with the water clean water drinking water standards. B system exclusively for the use of water. The water system should be recycling. Household will tell, laundry, water and roofing rain, the ground water within a reservoir, filtration, purification, decontamination of physical, chemical processing, and then imported household "use water" for washing, car washing, forestation, features, flushing, sewage and other use. Water cycle use of the system can save a lot of water. (3) Planning for with the fast-paced economic development, land resources have diminished. Residential areas on the section to the problem, from three aspects 1, the volume of control at a reasonable level, not lower ;2, garage or into the overhead to the construction of three-dimensional multi-storey car park or underground, semi-underground car park ;3, with the section from the energy into two factors, are advised to the construction of multi-storey and high-level incomparable data small apartment, control building door independence households alone villa, particularly yard, beautiful landscape "auspicious treasure-house" should not build luxury villas and private gardens for a handful of people enjoy, and the construction of small parks and other public facilities should be for public enjoyment. (4) strong rectification, the promotion of environmental protection Housing construction and use of the existence of environmental problems. Contaminated environment harms human health, which is well known reason. On the environmental pollution problems in the past only to "waste" (waste, emissions, waste residue) pollution, and now increased pollution and light pollution and sound content. This is the realistic situation. There are problems that electromagnetic pollution. With the improvement of people's living conditions, household appliances and usage is also increasing coverage, electromagnetic pollution has emerged, and the growing tendency. The content of this proposal into water plans and measures.。